RESOURCE BULLETIN Fall 2012 V o l ume 2 8 : : Numb e r 1

endered erspectives Gon InternationalP Development

Gree ngs from the Center for Gender in Global Context (GenCen) at Michigan State IN THIS ISSUE University, the host center for the Gender, Development, and Globaliza on (GDG) Program, formerly the Women and Interna onal Development (WID) Program! Articles ...... 1 The Gendered Perspec ves on Interna onal Development Working Papers Series Audiovisuals ...... 4 is pleased to announce the new editorial board for the 2012-2013 academic year! Monographs and Technical The board includes: Dr. Valen ne Moghadam, Director of the Interna onal Aff airs Reports ...... 6 Program at Northeastern University; Dr. Cathy Rakowski, Associate Professor of Women’s Studies and Rural Sociology at Ohio State University; Dr. Krista Van Periodicals ...... 13 Vleet, Director of the La n American Studies Program at Bowdoin College; Dr. Books...... 15 Ethel Brooks, Associate Professor of Sociology and Women’s and Gender Studies at Rutgers University; Dr. B Jane Parpart, Professor of History at Dalhousie University; Study Opportunities...... 19 Dr. Nata Duvvury, Co-Director of the Global Women’s Studies Programme at Na onal University of Ireland, Galway; Dr. Robin Haarr, Professor of Criminal Grants and Fellowships . . . . . 21 Jus ce at Eastern Kentucky University; Dr. Dorothy Hodgson, Professor & Chair of the Department of Anthropology at Rutgers University; Dr. Adam Jones, Associate Conferences...... 23 Professor of Poli cal Science at University of Bri sh Columbia, Okanagan; and Dr. Barbara Su on, Associate Professor and Honors Program Director of Women’s Calls for Papers...... 25 Studies at University at Albany, SUNY. Online Resources ...... 28 As always, we encourage submissions and sugges ons from our readers! We Book Review ...... 29 especially invite graduate students, scholars, and professionals to review one of a number of books that are available for review. We also encourage submissions by authors and publishers of relevant ar cles and books for inclusion in future issues.

Remember, the current issue of the Resource Bulle n, along with the most recent back issues, are now online! Visit gencen.msu.edu/publica ons/bulle n.htm.

Thank you very much, and enjoy the Fall 2012 issue of the Gendered Perspec ves on Interna onal Development Resource Bulle n! Execu ve Editor: Anne Ferguson, PhD Managing Editor: Meskerem Glegziabher, MA Editorial Assistants: Varsha Koduvayur **The contents of this publica on were developed under a Title VI grant Michael Gendernalik from the U.S. Department of Educa on. However, those contents do Edited by: Galena Os pow not necessarily represent the policy or views of the U.S. Department of Educa on.** AArticlesrticles

Colombian Journal of International forms of employment. and the Neglected Tropical Diseases Law (NTDs) are impac ng many of the Number 19, 2011 “Fair Trade and Organic Cer fi ca on world’s poorest and most vulnerable “The Human Right to Water: Poten al in Value Chains: Lessons from a popula ons, and depressing economic from a Gender Perspec ve,” by Gender Analysis from Coff ee Expor ng development. Sickness and disease have Viridiana Molinares-Hassan and Judith in Uganda,” by Deborah Kasente, decreased the size and capabili es of Echeverría-Molina, pp. 269-301. The pp. 111-127. Fair Trade and organic the workforce through impeding access paper highlights the main issues linking cer fi ca on produc on of coff ee and to educa on and suppressing foreign gender rela ons and drinking water, other commodi es is popularly seen as direct investment (FDI). There is clear stressing how these aff ect women in benefi cial to producers in many ways. evidence that by inves ng in health La n America. The authors analyze the However, gender analysis of Fair Trade improvements, a signifi cant increase in water supply in the region and how is important for assessing the gains and GDP per capita can be a ained in four women relate to it, as well as the public losses for women and men specifi cally, ways: Firstly, healthier popula ons are policies that have been developed which result from compliance with more economically produc ve; secondly, around water services. They discuss globally set codes of conduct. This proac ve healthcare leads to a decrease interna onal eff orts that have been ar cle presents a case study of coff ee in many of the addi ve healthcare costs made at regional and global levels produc on and trade in Uganda, aiming associated with lack of care (trea ng to declare water as a fundamental to do this. Producer organiza ons’ opportunis c infec ons in the case of right, shed light on the gender issues experience suggests that there is great HIV for example); thirdly, improved related to water scarcity in the region, need for gender equality issues to health represents a real economic and assess the management of water be integrated into all stages of coff ee and developmental outcome in and of resources in Colombia from a gender produc on and marke ng—referred itself; and fi nally, healthcare spending perspec ve. Ul mately, the authors to as “value chains”—if women are to capitalizes on the Keynesian “economic argue that water scarcity and women’s realize prosperity from their labor, and mul plier” eff ect. Con nued under- saving and consump on share a high to move up the value chain as ac ve investment in health and health systems degree of correla on in countries with par cipants and decision-makers. represents an important threat to our high poverty levels such as Colombia. Producer organiza ons need to develop future global prosperity. This editorial strategies for addressing gender-specifi c calls for a recogni on of health as a Gender and Development constraints, and to build women’s major engine of economic growth and Volume 20, Issue 1, 2012 capabili es and confi dence to aspire to for commensurate investment in public “‘Show the World to Women and posi ons and infl uence across the whole health, par cularly in poor countries. They Can Do It’: Southern Fair value chain. They should also seek to Trade Enterprises as Agents of dismantle gender discrimina on in the International Journal on Human Empowerment,” by Ann Le Mare, pp. design, implementa on, and monitoring Rights 95-109. This ar cle draws on research of the wider cer fi ca on code in coff ee Volume 8, Number 15, 2011 with women handicra producers value chains. “Criminalizing Sexuality: Zina Laws as in Bangladesh in order to analyze Violence Against Women in Muslim processes of empowerment. It explores Globalization and Health Contexts,” by Ziba Mir-Hosseini, pp. the prac ces and social rela onships Volume 8, Issue 8, 2012 7-33. The author off ers a feminist and embedded in the ac vi es of four “Global Health Funding and Economic rights-based cri que of zina laws in Southern Fair Trade Enterprises (SFTEs). Development,” by Greg Mar n, Muslim legal tradi on, which defi ne any A en on is drawn to the kinds of Alexandrea Grant, and Mark D’Agos no, sexual rela ons outside legal marriage change which the women producers feel 2012, pp. 1-4. The impact of increased as a crime. In the early 20th century, they are achieving and how such change na onal wealth, as measured by Gross zina laws, which were rarely applied in was linked to Fair Trade employment. Domes c Product (GDP), on public prac ce, also became legally obsolete The research suggest that SFTEs health is widely understood. However, in almost all Muslim countries and have a signifi cant role in encouraging an equally important but less well- communi es; but with the resurgence addi onal advantages and opportuni es acclaimed rela onship exists between of Islam as a poli cal and spiritual force which contribute to processes of improvements in health and the later in the 20th century, in several empowerment, providing prac cal growth of an economy. Communicable states and communi es zina laws were models for other socially responsible diseases such as HIV, TB, malaria selec vely revived, codifi ed, and gra ed 1 onto the criminal jus ce system, and Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3). The fi ndings many of their demands translated into applied through the machinery of the of this study show that out-migra on public policies favoring gender equity modern state. The author reviews of men has not had a signifi cant impact and reproduc ve rights. Some scholars current campaigns to decriminalize on the emancipa on of women. The argue that such policy changes have a consensual sex, and argues that zina common factors which increase the limited impact on women’s daily life laws must also be addressed from within decision-making power and mobility in La n America and it is necessary to the Islamic legal tradi on. Exploring the of women and lessen the social conceptualize the outcomes of social intersec ons between religion, culture, restric ons placed on them are age, movements more broadly to include and law that legi mate violence in their educa onal a ainment, marital their cultural and poli cal eff ects as well the regula on of sexuality, the author dura on, occupa on and residence in as the links between these. Findings are proposes a framework that can bring urban areas. presented from a study of two coali ons Islamic and human rights principles engaged in reproduc ve rights advocacy together. Volume 21, Issue 2, 2012 in Arequipa and Cusco, Peru. The “Policy Change as One Piece of the approach for evalua ng the materials Journal of Gender Studies Picture: Outcomes Among Reproduc ve included par cipant observa on, focus Volume 21, Issue 1, 2012 group discussions and individual “Migra on and interviews with coali on Empowerment: The members. The study found that Experience of Women in coali on members perceive Households in India where the eff ects of their advocacy on Migra on of a Husband has government policies in terms Occurred,” by Babita Sinhaa, of fi ve dimensions: coali on- Smita Jhaa, and Nalin Singh government interac ons, Negia, pp. 61-76. Women’s issue visibility and recogni on, empowerment is a major policy enactments, policy concern in the developing implementa on, and policy world and is emerging as an posi on. I conclude that a important indicator of the broader defi ni on of social development of a society as movement outcomes is needed well as the status of women. to evaluate effi cacy and models In this paper, we study for future ac on and that this empowerment of women should take into account the in families which have complexi es of social and poli cal experienced the migra on change, par cularly concerning of their male members. reproduc ve rights and gender A direct rela onship equity. between migra on of a husband and a woman’s Volume 21, Issue 3, 2012 empowerment is diffi cult “‘We are Farmers too:’ to establish. Nevertheless, Agrarian Change and Gendered it is worthwhile examining Livelihoods in Kerala, South whether women have India,” by Shoba Arun, pp. experienced any change 271-284. Increased rural in their freedoms in diversifi ca on has seen a number terms of decision making, of changes in farming livelihoods mobility and restric ons. in developing countries. The Our measure of women’s paper explores the gender empowerment is based dimensions of the changing mainly on those three Rights Advocates in Peru,” by Anna-Bri nature of agricultural households indicators. Analysis of these three Coe, pp. 151-167. In the 1990s, feminist in northern Kerala, India. Rural indices of women’s empowerment has movements in Peru began to shi livelihoods are constructed through been achieved through mul nomial strategies from a focus on community diff erences of gender and class, riddled logis c regression models on data from training to an emphasis on policy with complex and mul ple nego a ons India’s 2005–2006 Na onal Family advocacy. Since then, they have seen and processes. As household livelihood

2 AARTICLESRTICLES strategies are increasingly based on Development Issue,” by David B. what knowledge gaps exist and need to male migra on and non-agricultural Evans, Robert Marten, and Carissa be addressed with future research. diversifi ca on, gender roles are E enne, pp. 846-865. The recent recons tuted and renego ated, which Rio+20 United Na ons Conference Violence Against Women may then challenge prevailing gender on Sustainable Development, in Rio Volume 17, Number 11, 2011 ideologies. Nevertheless, gender- de Janeiro, Brazil, took place 20 years “Honor Killings in the Middle East specifi c constraints need to be taken a er the fi rst global conference on the and North Africa: A Systema c into account in the light of changed environment and development and Review of the Literature,” by Andrzej social roles, and ins tu ons and policies 10 years a er the World Summit on Kulczycki and Sarah Windle, pp. 1442- should be responsive to the needs of Sustainable Development. Although 1464. A systema c review of the local farmers, par cularly in the milieu much of the discussion focused on research literature on honor killings of the diverse and complex nature of the environment, poverty reduc on, in the Middle East and North Africa farming households. and sustaining economic growth, the (MENA) indicates a paucity of studies resultant resolu on contained an rela ve to the presumed magnitude Nepalese Journal of Public Policy important paragraph for the global of the problem. Forty ar cles were and Governance health community that recognizes that, reviewed and cri cally appraised, of Volume 29, Number 2, 2011 although social and environmental which only 9 contained primary data “Leadership and Gender in factors aff ect health, maintaining and and 11 presented original secondary Microfi nance Ins tu ons: Perspec ves improving health is both a component analyses. Despite a recent increase from Bangladesh,” by Bentul Mawa, and determinant of sustainable in published studies, persistent Paul Barry, Farhad Hossain, pp. 23-41. development. This ar cle examines methodological limita ons restrict the In the fi rst decade of the twenty- the link between health coverage and generalizability of fi ndings. Most studies fi rst century, women have taken development. focus on legal aspects, determinants, leadership roles in virtually all sectors and characteris cs of vic ms and of government, business, the non-profi t Third World Quarterly perpetrators. Vic ms are mostly young community and social movements in Volume 32, Issue 8, 2011 females murdered by their male kin. many economically developing and “Disability and Poverty: The Need for Unambiguous evidence of a decline developed countries. In spite of this, a More Nuanced Understanding of in tolerance of honor killings remains there is a notable absence of women Implica ons for Development Policy elusive. in top leadership posi ons because and Prac ce,” by Nora Grocea, Maria of a hidden bias against women. Ke a, Raymond Langa and Jean-Francois “Husband’s Control and Sexual Coercion The paper explores the rela onship Trania, pp. 1493-1513. The interna onal Within Marriage: Findings from a between gender and leadership and development community is beginning to Popula on-Based Survey in Egypt,” also examines the impact of gender on recognize that people with disabili es by Rachel L. Kaplan, Marwan Khawaja, leadership. Drawing on an empirical cons tute among the poorest and most and Natalia Linos, pp. 1465-1479. This case study, this ar cle examines how vulnerable of all groups, and thus must ar cle examined sexual coercion within gender and leadership interact in a be a core issue in development policies marriage in Egypt. Using cross-sec onal leading microfi nance ins tu on in and programs. Yet the rela onship survey data from a representa ve Bangladesh. Although there are some between disability and poverty remains sample of married Egyp an women (N concerns regarding women’s ability ill-defi ned and under-researched, = 5,240), associa ons between forced to lead, based on research fi ndings, with few studies providing robust intercourse and husband’s control, as the ar cle concludes that women can and verifi able data that examine the well as other relevant sociodemographic make meaningful contribu ons to such intricacies of this rela onship. A second, factors, were assessed through binary organiza ons as leaders. The paper also linked issue is the need for—and current logis c regression models. The life me suggests that in a modern globalized lack of—criteria to assess whether and prevalence of forced intercourse was world various opportuni es will be how disability-specifi c and disability 6.2% and 4.6% during the past year, increased for those women (and men) “mainstreamed” or “inclusive” programs and husband’s control was signifi cantly who display more of the “feminine” work in comba ng the exclusion, associated with forced intercourse characteris cs that the transforma onal marginaliza on and poverty of people during a woman’s life me (odds ra o leadership implies. with disabili es. This ar cle reviews = 3.5) and past year (odds ra o = exis ng knowledge and theory regarding 2.8). Interven ons addressing gender The Lancet the disability–poverty nexus. Using both patriarchy and men’s control may Volume 380, Issue 9845, 2012 established theore cal constructs and decrease incidence of sexual coercion in “Universal Health Coverage is a fi eld-based data, it a empts to iden fy Egypt and similar contexts.

AARTICLESRTICLES 3 AAudiovisualsudiovisuals

A Show of Force Production & PBS Gender Equality and Social JusƟ ce acts of self-determina on as illegal. www.pbs.org/independentlens Series Filmmaker Tanaz Eshaghian brings us Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into This series of interview video clips into the lives of these “outsiders,” and Opportunity for Women Worldwide features men working for gender we watch as teenage roman cs learn to Inspired by the widely acclaimed book equality and social jus ce in India, South become steely-eyed nego ators in an of the same name by Nicholas Kristof Africa, Paraguay, Kenya and the UK. The eff ort to secure their future, brokering and Sheryl WuDunn, Half the Sky was men discuss the various organiza ons their freedom with courage, charm, and fi lmed in 10 countries and follows and movements of which they are a skill. 2011, 71 min. Kristof, WuDunn, and celebrity ac vists part, their approaches towards a aining America Ferrera, Diane Lane, Eva gender equality and jus ce, and the ITVS Mendes, Meg Ryan, Gabrielle Union, dis nc ve aspects of gender inequality www.itvs.org/fi lms/solar-mamas and Olivia Wilde on a journey to tell as they exist within the context of the Solar Mamas the stories of inspiring, courageous country in which they are each working. Solar Mamas follows three women with individuals. Across the globe oppression 2012, 38 min. limited formal educa on as they take a is being confronted, and real meaningful life-changing journey from their home solu ons are being fashioned through Human Rights Watch villages in Africa and the Middle East to health care, educa on, and economic nyurl.com/cxzydb2 study solar engineering in India. They empowerment for women and girls. LiƩ le Heaven journey back to their home villages, The linked problems of sex traffi cking Thirteen-year-old Lydia is at a turning where, using their Barefoot College and forced pros tu on, gender-based point in her life. We experience life educa on, they install, operate, and violence, and maternal mortality—which through Lydia’s expressive face and maintain the solar panels necessary to needlessly claim one woman every refl ec ve diary entries, her daily provide their villages with electricity. 90 seconds—present to us the single rou nes at the Li le Heaven orphanage 2012. most vital opportunity of our me: for children living with HIV in Addis the opportunity to make a change. All Ababa, Ethiopia, her conversa ons nyurl.com/8s8 l4 over the world women are seizing this with other children there, her doctors’ I Was Worth 50 Sheep opportunity. 2012, 240 min. appointments, and her exercise, study, I Was Worth 50 Sheep follows two and prayer. Despite being abandoned teenage sisters and their struggle Australian Civil-Military Centre & UN by their families or le alone when their for human dignity and freedom in a Women parents died, the children form a new war-torn Afghanistan, caught between nyurl.com/dyrf9tr family, together with their caretakers. ancient tradi ons and a modern world. Side by Side—Women, Peace, and Their HIV status is always in the With the help of a women’s shelter, Security background, but small victories show these sisters hope to break the bonds Jointly developed by the Australian us a life that is full of hope, not despair. set forth long ago by their fathers: their Government’s Australian Civil-Military 2011, 70 min. lives in exchange for 50 sheep. 2011, 58 Centre and UN Women, Side by Side— min. Women, Peace and Security explores nyurl.com/8ke8wzl how the interna onal community Love Crimes of Kabul UNRISD has and can meet its commitments Jailed for running away from home nyurl.com/986mksc on women, peace and security. The to escape abuse, for allega ons of MulƟ ple Global Crises and Gender— 30-minute documentary features an adultery, and other “moral crimes,” the Rethinking AlternaƟ ve Paths for introduc on by UN Secretary-General women of Afghanistan’s Badum Bagh Development Series: Ban Ki-Moon, as well as interviews prison band together to fi ght for their Towards Pro-poor Growth with United Na ons personnel, freedom. The fi lm follows three young Does a country need to be rich in order peacekeepers, mediators, humanitarian prisoners as they go to trial, revealing for women and society to advance? Is actors, policy makers and survivors of the pressures and paradoxes that development a synonym for economic confl ict. 2012, 33 min. women in Afghanistan face today, and growth? Watch the seminar highlights the dangerous consequences of refusing to fi nd out more. This video features BRIDGE Social Movement to fi t into society’s norms. Their defi ant Devaki Jain (founder of the Ins tute of nyurl.com/ckewu6n ac ons come to be seen as threats to Social Studies, Delhi), Mariama Williams PerspecƟ ves of Men Working for the very fabric of society, and their (South Center) and UNRISD Director 4 Sarah Cook. 2012, 2 min. other about the most diffi cult facets causes, complex connec ons, and stark of their personal lives. Above all, the signifi cance of sexual slavery today. A Call for New Leadership women’s Jamaat exists to hold their 2011, 73 min. Featured panelists Mariama Williams male counterparts and local police to (South Center), Naoko Otobe account, and to reform a profoundly Rights & Wrongs: The Story of Women (Interna onal Labour Organiza on) and corrupt system which allows men in Islam UNRISD Director Sarah Cook discuss: Is to take refuge in the most extreme By returning to the roots of Islam and it enough to simply reach into the old interpreta on of the Qur’an to jus fy understanding how socie es have toolbox of macroeconomic thinking? violence towards women. 2011, 85 min. found jus fi ca on for their treatment As the world faces mul ple crises, what of women within Islamic sources, this alterna ve solu ons and alterna ve JusƟ ce for Sale though ul fi lm is an essen al resource pathways can be built upon to build Jus ce for Sale follows the young, that debunks myths about women las ng change that is both equitable and courageous Congolese human rights and Islam. Renowned Muslim feminist sustainable? 2012, 3 min. lawyer Claudine Tsongo who refuses to scholars and journalists, including Asra accept that jus ce is indeed “for sale” Q. Nomani, Mona Eltahawy, Azadeh Feminist SoluƟ ons in her country. When she inves gates Moaveni, Dr. Amina Wadud, Dr. Khaled In the context of the global “mul ple the case of a soldier convicted of rape, Abou El Fadl and Asma Gull Hasan, crises” of food, fuel, fi nance and jobs, she becomes convinced his trial was detail how from early on very diff erent the fl aws in the current pa erns of unfair and uncovers a system where understandings of the Qur’an lead development are undeniable - especially the basic principles of law are ignored to vastly diff erent transla ons, with for women. These crises have major and when the system fails, everyone enormous repercussions for women economic and social implica ons, and becomes a vic m. The documentary living in diff erent Islamic socie es the underlying, deep-seated problems not only provides a glimpse into the around the world. Rights & Wrongs is of growing inequality are not being failings of the Congolese judicial system indispensable for courses on Islamic and suffi ciently addressed. Understanding but also raises ques ons about the Middle Eastern studies, compara ve and harves ng feminist knowledge, role of the interna onal community religion, women’s studies and more. these speakers suggest, is increasingly and nongovernmental organiza ons in 2011, 135 min. cri cal to addressing these crises. This reforming it. Does their fi nancial support video features Devaki Jain, Mariama cause jus ce to be for sale? And who Sarabah Williams, and Naoko Otobe. 2012, 5 min. pays the price? 2011, 84 min. Rapper, singer and ac vist, Sister Fa is hero to young women in Senegal and Women Make Movies The Price of Sex an unstoppable force for social change. www.wmm.com The Price of Sex sheds light on the A childhood vic m of female genital Invoking JusƟ ce underground criminal network of human cu ng (FGC), she decided to tackle the In Southern India, family disputes are traffi cking and experiences of traffi cked issue by star ng a grassroots campaign, se led by Jamaats, all-male bodies Eastern European women forced into Educa on Without Excision, which uses which apply Islamic Sharia law to pros tu on abroad. Photojournalist her music and persuasive powers to end cases without allowing women to be Mimi Chakarova’s documentary caps the prac ce. But un l 2010 there was present, even to defend themselves. years of painstaking, on-the-ground one place she had never brought her Recognizing this fundamental inequity, repor ng. Filming undercover with message: back home to her own village a group of women in 2004 established extraordinary access, even posing as of Thionck Essyl, where she feared a women’s Jamaat. Despite enormous a pros tute to gather her material, rejec on. Sarabah follows Sister Fa on resistance, they have been able to se le Bulgarian-born Chakarova travels this challenging journey, where she more than 8,000 cases to date, ranging from impoverished rural areas in post- speaks out passionately to female elders from divorce to wife bea ng to brutal Communist Eastern Europe, including and students alike, and stages a rousing murders and more. Award-winning her grandmother’s village, to Turkey, concert that has the community on its fi lmmaker Deepa Dhanraj follows Greece, and Dubai. This dangerous feet. A portrait of an ar st as ac vist, several cases, shining a light on how the inves ga ve journey brings Chakarova Sarabah shows the extraordinary women’s Jamaat has acquired power face to face with traffi cked women resilience, passion and crea vity of a through both communal educa on willing to trust her and appear on fi lm woman who boldly challenges gender and the leaders’ persistent, tenacious undisguised. Their harrowing fi rst- and cultural norms. 2011, 60min. and compassionate inves ga on of the person accounts, as well as interviews crimes. Scenes show Jamaat mee ngs, with traffi ckers, clients, and an - where women o en shout over each traffi cking ac vists, expose the root AAUDIOVISUALSUDIOVISUALS 5 MMonographsonographs andand TechnicalTechnical ReportsReports

ActionAid construc ons of vic mhood associated promo ng their entrepreneurial ac vity. nyurl.com/cnpn95o with the refugee experience. Their What types of ini a ves support small “Sex, Choice and Control: The Reality par cipa on in community-based and medium enterprises for women, of Family Planning for Women and refugee organiza ons and the and through which ICTs? What factors Children Today,” 2012, 20pp. Over 200 larger women’s rights movement shape a posi ve connec on between million women and girls in developing has provided refugee women with ICTs and women’s business success? countries s ll cannot access eff ec ve a new scope for ac on, ac vism, What barriers have been li ed and methods of contracep on, leading to social interconnectedness, cultural what opportuni es realized? What over 75 million unintended pregnancies na onalism, transna onal linkages, and types of impact are ICT-based ini a ves every year. While the UK Government economic and poli cal mobiliza on. having on women, their businesses and and the Bill & Melinda Gates Founda on beyond? What promising pathways (in partnership with UNFPA, na onal Gender and Development Network are being shaped, and what channels governments and others) are launching nyurl.com/bt6qf3v have yet to be explored? The larger a ground-breaking eff ort to address “Gender Equality and the Post-2015 goal of this research is to iden fy this issue of access to contracep ves, Framework,” by Jessica Woodroff e and how technology can be leveraged to it is important to also recognize that Emily Esplen, 2012, 11pp. As the 2015 create and transform entrepreneurial improving access to contracep ves deadline for the achievement of the opportuni es for women across the is just one of many issues. Many Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) globe. The insights presented here are women and girls are prevented from approaches, debate has begun on what intended to inform programs, policies using contracep ves because of social should follow. This paper contains and investments that encourage barriers caused by gender inequality. the recommenda ons of the Gender women to start, strengthen and sustain Many women’s and girls’ sexual and Development Network (GADN) in businesses by adop ng and using ICTs. experiences are forced. O en husbands the UK. These recommenda ons are Recommenda ons aim to provide make decisions about family size, and intended to complement the various direc on for stakeholders—development compel their wives to have unsafe sex. proposals for a post-2015 development actors, governments, and especially the Ac onAid’s report presents the stories framework currently being debated, private sector—on how they can support of four women from across sub-Saharan rather than to add yet another women’s entrepreneurship through ICT Africa, and shows how important it is to alterna ve. The paper argues that it is pla orms, products and services. take these complexi es into account. cri cal to maintain a strong and explicit focus on gender equality in any new International Food Policy Research Centre for Non-Traditional Security global framework, with priority given to Institute (IFPRI) Studies Asia reaching the poorest women and girls. nyurl.com/co6 dv nyurl.com/cuqbdq3 Achieving this will require a two-pronged “Gender Assessment of the Agricultural “Burmese Refugee Women and approach of mainstreaming gender in Sector in the Democra c Republic of the Gendered Poli cs of Exile, targets and indicators across the board, the Congo,” by Catherine Ragasa, Annie Reconstruc on, and Human Rights,” and a stand-alone goal or domain for Kinwa-Muzinga, and John Ulimwengu, by Sheena Kumari, 2012, 31pp. gender equality. 2012, 68pp. Based on the 2011 Global This research paper examines the Hunger Index, the Democra c Republic predicament of Burmese women ICRW of the Congo (DRC) has the most severe refugees in India and explores the nyurl.com/7qzwztw level of hunger and malnutri on. There complexi es of the female refugee “Connec vity: How Mobile Phones, is growing recogni on that development experience. Combining theore cal Computers and the Internet Can in the agriculture sector and increasing perspec ves with personal narra ves Catalyze Women’s Entrepreneurship,” produc vity will be cri cal to reverse this and oral histories, this paper provides a by Anju Malhotra, Anjala Kanesathasan, trend. A growing set of literature looks view of the struggles faced by refugee and Payal Patel, 2012, 76pp. This at gender disparity in access to cri cal women as both vic ms of circumstance study examines how access to and use inputs, knowledge and markets, which and agents of regenera on. More of informa on and communica on have been shown to contribute to low signifi cantly, the case of Burmese technologies (ICTs) are transforming produc vity and nutri on insecurity. refugee women challenges tradi onal the economic opportuni es available to This assessment contributes to the stereotypes and gendered binary poor and low-income women in India by knowledge gap by compiling exis ng 6 empirical evidence and inves ga ng the for economic growth, Andy Sumner socie es to peace and prosperity. The gender gaps in access to resources and suggests that middle-income poverty destruc on of war creates a par cularly opportuni es in the agriculture and food could remain an issue for the next 20 dangerous situa on for women that the sector in the DRC. This is a key sector in years. The data generated suggests that humanitarian community can no longer achieving food and nutri on security; $1.25 and $2 poverty in countries that ignore. 73 percent of economically ac ve are currently MICs could s ll equate to women depend primarily on this sector about half of all world poverty in 2020 Nazra for Feminist Studies for their livelihood. This assessment and 2030. Given that many current LICs nyurl.com/cgz2nd5 draws on various sources of data and could be MICs by 2020 or 2030, MICs “One Year of Impunity: Viola ons emphasizes the urgent need to address may well account for two-thirds of the against Women Human Rights inconsistencies in the laws and ensure world’s poor in 2020 and 2030. Defenders in Egypt from August to implementa on of those laws that do December 2011,” 2012, 27pp. This off er opportuni es report aims to for women; improve illustrate the both men’s and ways in which the women’s knowledge repressive policies of nutri ous food of the past, choices; build on especially those vibrant women’s geared towards organiza ons to link women human them with markets rights defenders and equip them with (WHRDs) are technical, fi nancial and s ll with us. Not management capacity; only does this and invest in skills and report illustrate knowledge (through the ways in innova ve informa on which viola ons and communica on against WHRDs technologies and persist, but it extension services) also underlines and in girls’ educa on. the fact that the repressive Institute of prac ces Development undertaken by Studies (IDS) the state against nyurl.com/c33c69c International Rescue Committee WHRDs are “Where will the World’s Poor Live? (IRC) escala ng, especially under militarism. Global Poverty Projec ons for 2020 nyurl.com/c86q4u3 Women who address human rights and 2030,” by Andy Sumner, 2012, “Let Me Not Die Before My Time: issues generally are at risk because they 2pp. IDS fellow Andy Sumner suggests Domes c Violence in West Africa,” threaten the gender order. Women who that a fresh approach to tackling global 2012, 32pp. Domes c violence is one of dare to challenge social conven ons, poverty is required. He argues that the biggest threats to women’s health whether it is by their mere presence on global poverty is increasingly becoming and well-being. Globally, approximately the streets to chant against the regime an issue of na onal inequality with at 1 in 3 women will experience violence or take part in a strike, are subject to least half and possibly up to two-thirds during her life me, o en at the hands sexual violence, threats, and derogatory of the world’s poor people con nuing to of an in mate partner. The cost of this public accusa ons aimed at discredi ng live in middle-income countries (MICs) violence on women, on communi es their character. The report recommends up to 2030. Based on new es mates and on the development of na ons— hal ng the smearing campaigns carried half of the world’s poor currently live in especially those recovering from out against WHRDs, and to ini ate an India and China; a quarter live in other confl ict—is too high to accept. For this inves ga on with the perpetrators, populous MICs such as Pakistan, Nigeria report, the IRC has chosen to focus on especially those that occurred in the and Indonesia and a quarter live in the West Africa in order to demonstrate light of demonstra ons and sit-ins, remaining low-income countries (LICs). how this global problem becomes rather than excusing the viola ons Using IMF World Economic Outlook acute in post-confl ict countries, commi ed, in order to end the projec ons across various scenarios keeping women from leading their persistent cases of impunity and achieve MMONOGRAPHSONOGRAPHS ANDAND TECHNICALTECHNICAL REPORTSREPORTS 7 jus ce for the vic ms. The report also “Freedom through Associa on: Moreover, female associa ons have recommends the immediate cessa on Assessing the Contribu on of Female solid perspec ves on what needs to of targe ng WHRDs to try to push them Police Staff Associa ons to Gender- be changed within the policing system away from the public sphere. Sensi ve Police Reform in West Africa,” that directly disadvantages women. by Jenny Becker, Caroline Bowah Brown, Encouragingly, all three associa ons Northeastern University School of Aisha Fofana Ibrahim, and Akosua of female police studied have the Law Kuranchie, 2012, 70pp. This study ability to further the SSR process, nyurl.com/cmf8uke explores what women are doing in have a concerted interest in improving “Forgo en Sisters—A Report On police services to change the nature of their services and broadening their Violence Against Women With their work in Liberia, Sierra Leone and membership base, and have the drive to Disabili es: An Overview Of Its Nature, Ghana. It reveals that, while female do so. Scope, Causes And Consequences,” by police staff associa ons are not overtly Stephanie Ortoleva and Hope Lewis, contribu ng to security sector reform, Oxfam 2012, 229pp. This report, prepared by they are contribu ng to changing nyurl.com/caj9qj7 scholars and human rights advocates the culture of policing and assis ng “Women Leading Change: Experiences who are members of the Working female offi cers asser ng themselves Promo ng Women’s Empowerment, Group on Violence Against Women with within the service. The suppor ng Leadership, and Gender Jus ce,” Disabili es, focuses on the prevalence role the associa ons’ play—while not by Ester Veldhuis, Annaka Peterson and pervasiveness of violence against explicit—provides female offi cers with Carvalho, and Joanna Bouma, 2012, women and girls 80pp. Four case studies with disabili es. describe experiences The Working from Cambodia, the Group recognizes Philippines, Sri Lanka and the need to Indonesia in promo ng ensure that women’s poli cal and women and girls economic empowerment with disabili es and leadership. Drawn are included as from Oxfam partner full par cipants organiza ons which in data-gathering, operate in unique analysis, and environments and have proposed their own approaches, solu ons as the the case studies reveal mandates of Ms. a number of common Rashida Manjoo, themes. They describe the the UN Special context in which women Rapporteur live, what leadership on Violence means and how to against Women, achieve it. A en on is its Causes and given to working within Consequences, exis ng ins tu ons and and Mr. Shuaib cultural norms, and also Chalklen, the Special Rapporteur on the means to challenge the system. to crea ng new ins tu ons. The fi nal Disability, move forward. Addi onally, Support networks, regular mee ngs sec on summarizes common lessons the Working Group calls on interna onal and burden sharing through welfare and considera ons for future policy and organiza ons, especially those focused ac vi es builds confi dence among prac ce aiming to promote women’s on women’s rights such as the UN female police in the face of nega ve empowerment and leadership. Commission and UN Women, and the stereotypes and tradi onal gender roles interna onal community, governments that can hinder a woman’s advancement nyurl.com/buc6tnr and nongovernmental organiza ons in non-tradi onal professions. Female “What Works for Women: Proven (NGOs) to join us in the eff ort to police associa ons have the capacity to Approaches for Empowering Women highlight these cri cal issues. do more concrete work—for example, Smallholders and Achieving Food launching mentorship programs for Security,” R. Tripathi, et al., 2012, 28pp. The North-South Institute junior female offi cers and engaging The ques on of “what changes do we nyurl.com/6q89hpj in sectoral reform monitoring eff orts. need to empower women smallholders 8 MMONOGRAPHSONOGRAPHS ANDAND TECHNICALTECHNICAL REPORTSREPORTS and achieve food security?” has been birth to a pre-term, underweight or work of ASP; and whether the inclusion asked repeatedly. But transforma onal malnourished infant. For young children, of women through the methodology changes in both public policy and poor nutri on in the early years o en of the “household approach” had led prac ce have been few and far between, means irreversible damage to bodies to improved agricultural produc on although increasing access to resources and minds during the me when both and produc vity and food security. and opportuni es for women farmers are developing rapidly. And for 2.6 Observa ons and recommenda ons are could substan ally reduce the number million children each year, hunger kills, made about access to and control over of hungry people in the world. In this with malnutri on leading to death. assets, marke ng, extension services, context, nine interna onal development This report looks at the cri cal 1,000- and gender mainstreaming. agencies have produced a briefi ng to day window of me from the start of share the lessons learned based on their a woman’s pregnancy to her child’s UNRISD experience of promo ng gender equality second birthday. It highlights proven, nyurl.com/975 dd and working with women smallholders low-cost nutri on solu ons—like “Pension Reforms and Gender Equality and rural women over many decades. exclusive breas eeding for the fi rst 6 in La n America,” by Camila Arza, The paper concludes with a number of months—that can make the diff erence 2012, 45pp. As most other components recommenda ons for policy makers on between life and death for children in of social protec on systems, pension measures to help close the gender gap developing countries. It shows how schemes can have a substan al impact in agriculture. millions of lives can be saved—and on gender equality. The way in which whole countries can be bolstered pension systems distribute rights, Royal Norwegian Embassy economically—if governments and resources and risks can aff ect men and nyurl.com/ct6882o private donors invest in these basic women diff erently and serve to mi gate, “The Extent and Nature of Witchcra - solu ons. As Administrator Shah states reproduce or amplify the gender Based Violence against Children, in the Foreword to this report, the inequali es emerging from the labor Women, and the Elderly in Malawi,” economic argument for early nutri on is market, the distribu on of work in the by Charles Chilimampunga and George very strong—the cost to a na on’s GDP household, and so on. Pension systems Thindwa, 2012, 91pp. According to the is signifi cant when kids go hungry early can also favor some family arrangements study, the belief in witchcra is strong, in life. over others and introduce incen ves widespread and permeates all sectors that consolidate specifi c gender roles. in Malawi. Accusa ons of witchcra are SIDA (Swedish International The types of benefi t that a pension common and the vulnerable are most Development Cooperation Agency) system provides, the mechanisms for o en the vic ms of such accusa ons nyurl.com/7ygkc2z the calcula on of benefi t levels, and and subsequent violence. Elderly women “Gender Approaches in Agricultural the eligibility condi ons vary between are at most risk of being accused of Programs—Zambia Country Report: countries with diff erent eff ects on witchcra . The means by which witches Ensuring Female Farmers Involvement the gender distribu on of old-age are iden fi ed are ques onable. Un l in Agricultural Extension,” by C.R. protec on and the rela ve posi on of now, few systema c studies have been Farnworth, 2010, 56pp. In response to men and women vis-à-vis the pension conducted to determine the extent and the persistent inequali es of women in system. Increasing concern about the nature of witchcra -based violence. This farming despite decades of development capacity of women to build suffi cient study presents detailed data collected assistance, Sida has ini ated a pension savings over their life mes to from 8 districts, gives recommenda ons thema c evalua on of how gender obtain adequate protec on in old age and is ul mately aimed to contribute to issues are tackled in Sida-supported has mo vated a number of studies reduc on of accusa ons of witchcra agricultural programs. The purpose is and policy innova ons. Some La n and promo on of human rights. to increase understanding of how Sida’s American countries have started to development assistance in agriculture introduce gender-friendly elements in Save the Children should be designed, implemented their pension systems to try to improve nyurl.com/dyxznjs and funded to ensure that female women’s access to social security. This “The State of the World’s Mothers farmers are reached, that their needs paper evaluates the sources of gender 2012: Nutri on in the First 1,000 as producers are met, and that they inequality in old-age protec on and the Days,” 2012, 70pp. Alarming numbers are able to benefi t from the support way in which recent pension reforms in of mothers and children in developing to achieve a posi ve impact on their La n America have tried to compensate countries are not ge ng the nutri on livelihoods. The Zambia Country Study and overcome some of the gender they need. For mothers, this means focuses on the Agriculture Support biases in previous systems. It reviews less strength and energy for the vitally Program (ASP)s to establish whether the features of the labor market and important ac vi es of daily life. It also women farmers were eff ec vely of the pension system which can aff ect means increased risk of death or giving involved in the agricultural extension pension coverage and benefi ts for men MMONOGRAPHSONOGRAPHS ANDAND TECHNICALTECHNICAL REPORTSREPORTS 9 and women. It also studies the gender nyurl.com/ctgdp9h children live or die. equality implica ons of contributory “Restricted Rights: Migrant Women systems and of individual pension Workers in Thailand, Cambodia and WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA & World Bank accounts in La n America. Three case Malaysia,” 2012, 36pp. This report nyurl.com/7mnkzry studies are presented: Chile, Bolivia, and presents the appalling condi ons faced “Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 Argen na. by women who have to migrate because to 2010,” 2012, 72pp. New maternal of poverty and poli cal oppression. mortality es mates confi rm that the nyurl.com/9gsh2xy Despite being important economic number of women dying in pregnancy “Gendered Impacts of Globaliza on— drivers for countries’ economic growth, and childbirth is declining. Along with Employment and Social Protec on,” migrant women’s rights are consistently other indicators, this joint UN report 2012, 4pp. Globaliza on has led violated by Western companies while validates the fact that we are making to increases in female labor force their governments turn a blind eye. progress in saving mothers’ lives, even par cipa on, reducing the gap Expor ng cheap labor has become if progress is slower than what is called between women’s and men’s labor an economic strategy promoted by for by the Millennium Development force par cipa on rates. However this governments within the neoliberal Goals. Rapid progress in some countries increase has not necessarily translated economic model. The report also demonstrates that when governments into gender equality in pay and status, documents the response of grassroots take a strategic approach to the safe as women’s entrance in the labor force organiza ons, such as the MAP motherhood challenge—by deploying has o en been on unfavorable terms. Founda on (Thailand), Legal Support for trained midwives, ensuring adequate This brief draws on a review of exis ng Children and Women (Cambodia) and essen al supplies, making family literature conducted by UNRISD in the Workers Hub for Change (Malaysia) planning accessible and providing 2012. This brief focuses on four sets of which have been working relessly to mely obstetric care to women with issues: how globaliza on has aff ected facilitate migrants’ access to jus ce and complica ons, we are ge ng results. the female labor force; constraints their rights in the workplace and society. S ll, there is more work to be done to improving labor market outcomes in delivering a world where every for women; how social protec on WHO & UNICEF pregnancy is wanted and every childbirth aff ects women’s living standards and nyurl.com/9gpjcwo is safe. economic security under condi ons of “Countdown to 2015—Maternal, New globaliza on; and the policy and program Born and Child Survival: Building a WIDE implica ons. Future for Women and Children, the nyurl.com/7vwpzbo 2012 Report,” by Jennifer Requejo, “Economic Alterna ves for Gender UN-Water & WHO Jennifer, Cesar Victora, 2012, 56pp. This and Social Jus ce: Voices and Visions bit.ly/IzOd0F report highlights country progress—and from India and La n America,” by “UN-Water Global Analysis and obstacles to progress—toward achieving Christa Wichterich and Patricia Muñoz Assessment of Sanita on and Drinking- Millennium Development Goals 4 Cabrera, 2011, 11pp. With the dominant Water (GLAAS): Lack of Resources and 5 to reduce child mortality and neoliberal model of the economy causing Threatens Water and Sanita on improve maternal health. Countdown one crisis a er another, the search for Supplies in Developing Countries,” to 2015 focuses on evidence-based alterna ve development pathways has 2012, 112pp. Despite improvements in solu ons—health interven ons proven become an urgent necessity. By linking access to water, sanita on and hygiene, to save lives—and on the health the macro and the micro economic the coverage of these services could fall systems, policies, fi nancing and broader levels, WIDE wants to facilitate and behind if adequate resources are not contextual factors that aff ect the support processes which challenge secured, the United Na ons interagency equitable delivery of these interven ons mainstream economic thinking from a group focused on water issues warned to women and children. Countdown feminist perspec ve and start thinking in a report that provides data for 74 focuses on data, because building a outside the box. In many parts of the developing countries, and stresses be er future and protec ng the basic world women are developing conceptual that these na ons have a chronic lack human right to life require understanding and prac cal alterna ves in a local of technicians and staff in place to where things stand right now and how context, in everyday life or on a macro operate and maintain sanita on and they got to where they are today. level. This briefi ng paper is based on drinking water infrastructure. It calls for And Countdown focuses on what two earlier publica ons by WIDE which addi onal and more targeted resources happens in countries—where contain short ar cles collected from to maintain rou ne opera ons of exis ng investments are made or not made, India and La n America. The essays not systems and services. policies are implemented or not only suggest new and alterna ve ideas implemented, health services are to achieve sustainable development, War on Want & Asian Migrant Centre received or not received and women and social and gender jus ce in the context 1100 MMONOGRAPHSONOGRAPHS ANDAND TECHNICALTECHNICAL REPORTSREPORTS of the globalized neoliberal model, at to exclusion. vulnerability (systemic discrimina on the same me they dra some general Women Organizing for Change in related to land access, ownership, guiding principles and building blocks Agriculture and NRM (WOCAN) and control; systemic discrimina on for iden fying and shaping pathways nyurl.com/3untpop related to decision-making; rela ve towards an alterna ve micro- and “Strategies to get Gender onto the income poverty; and general physical macroeconomic development agenda. Agenda of the ‘Land Grab’ Debate,” vulnerability); and gender issues must by Elizabeth Daley, 2011, 5pp. The not be subsumed within the broader Women in Cities International Interna onal Land Coali on (ILC)’s debate on CPL. nyurl.com/4yn54oe Commercial Pressures on Land ini a ve “Learning From Women To Create aims to support the eff orts of ILC World Agroforestry Centre Gender Inclusive Ci es: Baseline members and other stakeholders to nyurl.com/6qv22dg Findings From the Gender Inclusive infl uence global, regional, and na onal “Gender and Agroforestry in Africa: Ci es Program,” 2010, 124pp. The processes to enable secure and equitable Are Women Par cipa ng?” by Evelyne purpose of this report is to share the access to land for poor women and men Kiptot and Steven Franzel, 2011, 72pp. data collected in This report the fi rst year of synthesizes Gender Inclusive the results of Ci es Program a review of (GICP) on the state 104 studies of women’s safety in on gender and four ci es: Rosario, the adop on Argen na; Dar es of agroforestry Salaam, Tanzania; in Africa, and Petrozavodsk, Russia; aims to iden fy and Delhi, India. strategies that The informa on challenge gender presented here imbalances in gives the reader an development overview of what ini a ves. kinds of safety issues It explores aff ect women in women’s their daily lives and par cipa on how these issues in agroforestry, lead to the exclusion including of women from city their ability life. At the core of to manage the safe ci es for agroforestry women movement prac ces, access is the belief that to agroforestry violence and fear informa on, of violence restricts women’s and in the face of increasing commercial and how they benefi t from agroforestry. girls’ access to their ci es, including to demand. Its global research contains The results highlight the substan al employment, health, educa on, poli cal a careful and focused analysis of the benefi ts that agroforestry can off er to and recrea on facili es. To date, li le gendered impacts of commercial rural women in Africa, mainly because is known about the state of women’s pressures on land (CPL), and especially it requires fewer resources than safety and exclusion as it is experienced the impacts on women. This publica on alterna ve enterprises. But women’s in the public realm. O en, women’s concludes that: women (and women’s par cipa on is low, with limited access experiences of violence in ci es are not NGOs and CSOs) need to ac vely and to informa on and markets, and a reported or, if they are reported, are not strategically organize at all levels to get mixed record of successful management recorded. Yet it is an established fact that gender issues around CPL on the table of agroforestry technologies. The report women experience urban life diff erently of current and forthcoming processes provides several technological, policy from men, including levels of fear on regulatory responses; the gendered and ins tu onal recommenda ons for and types of violence. These diff erent impacts of CPL need to be seriously improving the effi ciency of women’s experiences, if not acknowledged and addressed within this process in par cipa on in agroforestry. They addressed by society as a whole, can lead rela on to all four aspects of women’s include domes ca ng important tree MMONOGRAPHSONOGRAPHS ANDAND TECHNICALTECHNICAL REPORTSREPORTS 1111 species, and ensuring that women and Markus Goldstein, 2011, 31pp. Second, the analysis fi nds a very large have access to market informa on and Although increased global demand impact on investment and maintenance microfi nance. The report concludes by for land has led to renewed interest of soil conserva on measures. This sugges ng further research in areas in African land tenure, few models to eff ect was par cularly pronounced for such as measuring the income that address these issues quickly and at the female-headed households, sugges ng women generate from agroforestry, required scale have been iden fi ed that this group had suff ered from high and iden fying the key ingredients of or evaluated. The case of Rwanda’s levels of tenure insecurity, which the success stories across Africa. na onwide and rela vely low-cost land program managed to reduce. Third, tenure regulariza on program is thus land market ac vity declined, allowing World Bank of great interest. This working paper rejec on of the hypothesis that the nyurl.com/3oq8ehj evaluates the short-term impact (some program caused a wave of distress sales “Be er Access to or widespread landlessness Water Raises Welfare, by vulnerable people. But Not Women’s Implica ons for program Off -Farm Work from design and policy are also Employment,” by discussed. Gayatri Koolwal and Dominique van de bit.ly/n28pnv Walle, 2011, 4pp. In “World Development the developing world, Report 2012: poor rural women Gender Equality and and their children Development,” 2011, spend considerable 458pp. The lives of girls me collec ng water. and women have changed Do women living in drama cally over the areas where more past quarter century. The me is needed for pace of change has been water collec on tend astonishing in some areas, to par cipate less but in others, progress in income-earning, toward gender equality market-based has been limited—even ac vi es? Do the in developed countries. educa on outcomes This year’s report argues of their children tend that gender equality to be worse? This is a core development note uses microdata objec ve in its own right. for eight developing It is also smart economics. countries to examine Greater gender equality these ques ons. can enhance produc vity, Be er access to improve development water is not found to outcomes for the next be associated with genera on, and make greater off -farm paid ins tu ons more work for women, but representa ve. The report is associated with less unpaid work. In 2.5 years a er comple on) of the pilots also focuses on four priority areas for countries where substan al gender gaps undertaken to fi ne-tune the approach policy going forward: reducing excess in schooling exist, enrollment for both using a geographic discon nuity design female mortality and closing educa on boys and girls tends to be higher. with spa al fi xed eff ects. Three key gaps where they remain; improving fi ndings emerge from the analysis. access to economic opportuni es for nyurl.com/42wzkud First, the program improved land women; increasing women’s voice and “Environmental and Gender Impacts access for legally married women agency in the household and in society; of Land Tenure Regulariza on in (about 76 percent of married couples) and limi ng the reproduc on of gender Africa: Pilot Evidence from Rwanda,” and prompted be er recorda on of inequality across genera ons. by Daniel Ayalew Ali, Klaus Deininger, inheritance rights without gender bias.

1122 MMONOGRAPHSONOGRAPHS ANDAND TECHNICALTECHNICAL REPORTSREPORTS PPeriodicalseriodicals

African Communication Research *A Civic Agency Perspec ve on Change, Balakrishnan Volume 4, Number 3, 2012 by Kees Biekart and Alan Fowler *Gender and Economic Jus ce: Special Issue The Image of Women in *Crossborder Feminisms: Wendy Dreaming Alterna ves, by Jaya Ghosh African Media includes the following Harcourt in Conversa on with Srilatha *Barricades to Gender Equity in the ar cles: Batliwala, Sunila Abeysekera, and Interna onal Financial Architecture, by *Review Ar cle: Ba ling Old Ghosts in Rawwida Baksh, by Wendy Harcourt Bhumika Muchhala Gender and African Media Research, by *Power and the Ac vist, by Jenny Pearce *Embracing Disrup ons, Responding Audrey Gadzekpo *The Ne zen, by Rebecca MacKinnon to Uncertain es, Valuing Agency: *The Wanjiku Metonomy: Challenging *The Poli cs of Civic Agency, by Harry C. Situa ng a Feminist Approach to Social Gender Stereotypes in Kenya’s Editorial Boyte Protec on, by Elizabeth Reid, Marilyn Cartoons, by Duncan Omaga *Prac cal Tips to Hack your NGO, by Waring, Corina Rodriguez Enriquez, and *Beyond Unequal Visibili es: Are Pedro Marcun Meena Shivdas Women Treated Diff erently From Men in *The Place Where Inten ons Meet: *Taxing for Gendered Economic Jus ce, the News?, by Rosemary Kimani Ac vism and the Art of the Invisible, by by Corina Rodríguez Enríquez and Diane *Gendered Narra ves and Iden es Sue Soal Elson of Na onhood in Documentaries on *Internet Regula on and Sexual Poli cs *“Inves ng” in Women’s Rights: Zimbabwe Television (ZTV) Between in Brazil, by Sonia Corrêa, Horacio Sívori, Challenges and New Trends, by Angelika 2000 and 2009, by Ngonidzashe and Bruno Zilli Arutyunova Muwonwa *Crime and Insurgent Ci zenship: *First Casual es of the Green *Repor ng Women: Do Female Extra-State Rule and Belonging in Urban Economy—Risks and Losses for Low Journalists Have a Gender Agenda?, by Jamaica, by Rivke Jaff e Income Women, by Nidhi Tandon Abena Aniwaa Yeboah *The Occupy Movement: Product of this *Women’s Worker Rights, Gender *Sexual Harassment Content of Time, by Jacquelien van Stekelenburg Equality, and Economic Jus ce, by Lisa A. Nollywood fi lms: Counsciousness and *Making Sense of the Arab Spring: McGowan Reac ons by Female Audiences in Listening to the Voices of Middle Eastern *Work–Family Balance and Public Policy: Nigeria, by Jude Terna Kur Ac vists, by Kawa Hassan A Cross-Country Perspec ve, by Ipek *How Successful are Media Women’s *Illustra ng the Changing Face of Ci zen Ilkkaracan Ajas Associa ons in Africa? A Case Study Ac on, by Josine Stremmelaar and Erik *Diverse Development Models and of the Tanzanian Associa on of Media Wallert Strategies Revisited, by Natalie Raaber women (TAMWA), by Imane Duwe and Alejandra Scampini Volume 55, Issue 3, 2012 *Alterna ves under Construc on in La n Development Special Issue Gender and Economic America, by IDeA with Alma Espino, Volume 55, Issue 2, 2012 Jus ce includes the following ar cles: Norma Sanchís, Pamela Caro, Ana Paula Special Issue Ci zenship and Change, *Editorial: No Economic Jus ce without Lopes, Emilia Jomalinis, Magdalena León published in partnership with Hivos, Gender Jus ce, by Wendy Harcourt and Martha Lanza includes the following ar cles: *Introduc on: Transforming Economic *Women’s Movements and Economic *Editorial: The Challenge of Civic Ac on Power to Advance Women’s Rights and Power: Connec ng the Local and the for Development, by Wendy Harcourt Jus ce, by Cindy Clark and Lydia Alpízar Global, by Lisa VeneKlasen and Alia Khan *Introduc on: The Changing Face of Durán *Gender, Social Equity and Regional Ci zen Ac on, by Remko Berkhout and *A Revolu onary Woman, by Marwa Economic Processes: La n America and Fieke Jansen Sharafeldin the Pacifi c Perspec ves, by Alma Espino *Ci zen Ac on and the Perverse *Surviving the Fierce New World, by Gita and Yvonne Underhill-Sem Confl uence of Opposing Agendas, by Lisa Sen *No Revolu ons without Equality and VeneKlasen *Feminists Transforming Economic Jus ce: The Struggle for Women’s Rights *Seeing Ci zen Ac on through an Power, by Marilyn Waring in Rethinking Development in the Arab “Unruly” Lens, by Akshay Khanna *Culture versus Rights Dualism: A Myth Region, by Kinda Mohamadieh *Resis ng Revolu ons: Ques oning the or a Reality?, by Yakin Ertürk *Economic Shock Therapy in the Radical Poten al of Ci zen Ac on, by *Gender and Economic Jus ce: Eurozone: The Greek Case, by Lois Nishant Shah The Challenges Ahead, by Radhika Woestman

1133 *Struggles Over Land and Livelihoods in Inequality and Transforma on in Post- *The Future of Feminism, reviewed by African Agriculture, by Marjorie Mbilinyi Disaster Hai , by Lynn Horton Fenella Porter *Tianguis Indigena: The Solidarity *Women’s Empowerment for Disaster *Feminism Counts: Quan ta ve Economy and Indigenous Women in Risk Reduc on and Emergency Response Methods and Researching Gender, Mexico, by Tzinnia Carranza López in Nepal, by Rajesh Dhungel and Ram reviewed by Gwendolyn Beetham *Women’s Labour Rights, Gender Nath Ojha *Transna onalism Reversed: Women Equality and Economic Jus ce in La n *Looking Beyond Gender in Organizing Against Gendered Violence in America and the Caribbean, by Sandra Humanitarian Interven ons: A Study of Bangladesh, reviewed by Azza Basarudin Ramos *Domes c Workers: wH2O: Journal of Gender & Transforming Economic Water Power to Advance Women’s Volume 1, Issue1, 2012 Rights and Jus ce in India, by Includes the following ar cles: Lissy Joseph *The Urban Water Transi on: *The Other Financial Crisis: Why We Must Address the Growth and Crash of the New Reality of Urbaniza on, Microfi nance Sector in India, Women, Water, and Sanita on by Christa Wichterich in Sustainable Development, by Eugenie L. Birch, Afaf Meleis, and Gender & Development Susan Wachter Volume 20, Issue 2, 2012 *Geography Ma ers: The nyurl.com/d7rcp8t Importance of Land, Water and Special Issue Post-Disaster Space in Sanita on Studies, by Humanitarian Work includes Kathleen O’Reilly the following ar cles: *The Real Fight Against Climate *Introduc on: Post-Disaster Change: What Would Woman Humanitarian Work, by Do? by Aishwarya Nair Joanna Hoare, Ines Smyth *Reproduc ve Health Reform: and Caroline Sweetman A Climate Change Adapta on *Using Sex and Age Strategy, by Julia Ryan Disaggregated Data to *Watering Their Graves: Breast Improve Humanitarian Milk Subs tutes and Supplements Response in Emergencies, in Developing Countries, by Jamie by Prisca Benelli, Dyan Oyugi Mazurana and Peter Walker *Technology & Innova ons in the *Improving the Eff ec veness Water Sector: Closing the Gender of Humanitarian Ac on: Gap, by Dakota Dobyns Progress in Implemen ng *Sustainable Community-Based the Inter-Agency Standing Solu ons: Source to Tap and Commi ee (IASC) Gender a Drought-Stricken Region of Kenya, by Back Again, by Amanda Marlin, Kusum Marker, by Siobhán Foran, Aisling Wilson O. Ndenyele and Fathima Azmiya Athukorala, Marcia Brewster, Anizan Swaine and Kate Burns Badurdeen Isahak, Susmita Sinha, and Salmah *Gender and Building Homes in Disaster *The Warias of Indonesia in Disaster Zakaria in Sindh, Pakistan, by Shaheen Ashraf Risk Reduc on: The Case of the 2010 *The Women, Water and Sanita on Shah Mt Merapi Erup on in Indonesia, Crisis and the Role of the Transna onal *Women and the 2011 East Japan by Benigno Balgos, J.C. Gaillard, and Corpora on, by Caroline D’Angelo Disaster, by Fumie Saito Kris nne Sanz *Health and Hygiene School Program *Helping Interna onal Non-Government Book Reviews: Ini a ve for Adolescents in Dhaka, Organiza ons (INGOs) to Include a Focus *Women, Gender and Rural Bangladesh, by Iris van Werven on Gender-Based Violence During the Development in China, reviewed by Jude *Refl ec on: Water from the Enslaved Emergency Phase: Lessons Learned Howell South to a South Dakota Farmstead, by from Hai 2010–2011, by Sarah Jeanne *Women and the Teaching Profession: Leni Sorensen Davoren Exploring the Feminiza on Debate, *A er the Earthquake: Gender reviewed by Kate Greany 1144 PERIODICALSPERIODICALS BBooksooks

Adroit Publishers reproduc on, distribu on and of the hardships and support systems www.adroitpublica ons.com consump on are rela onal, spa al and in their daily lives. A rich knowledge Poli cal Socializa on of Women in contextual and, therefore, do not pay off of Tanzanian culture is embedded in Nepal, by Meena Vaidya Malla, 2011, for men, women and other social groups each story; for instance the pivotal role 193pp. This book examines the poli cal equally. The authors draw a en on tribal affi lia on, polygamy, and poverty socializa on of women in Nepal, which to the structure and scope of eff orts play in society is addressed. HIV/AIDS, is essen al for understanding the actual needed to transform the exclusionary cancer, polio, female circumcision, role, status, and par cipa on of women and gendered nature of sport processes and TB are just a few of the health in poli cs. The objec ve of the study to make them adequate to the task of issues covered; Feinstein and D’Errico is to explore how Nepali women are engendering Africa’s development. make a concerted eff ort to include socialized poli cally within diff erent the major medical challenges facing micro and macro spheres, such as family, Development Alternatives with this developing country, including an religion, law, educa onal ins tu on, Women for a New Era (DAWN) interview with an albino woman that media, and poli cal party. www.dawnnet.org introduces the li le discussed atrocity Breaking Through The Development of albinos being murdered for body Codesria Silos: Sexual And Reproduc ve Health parts to be used in ritual medicine www.codesria.org And Rights, Millennium Development prac ces. In spite of the abuse and Gender, Sport and Development in Goals And Gender Equity, edited by exclusion many of the women suff er, Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspec ves Seona Smiles, 2012, 217pp. This book eventually each learns to live in harmony on Pa erns of Representa ons and is a collec on of case studies from with her reality. This makes their lives Marginaliza on, edited by Jimoh Shehu, Mexico, India and Nigeria, discussing inspiring and gives perspec ve to those 2010, 170pp. To many young people, how certain na onal poverty reduc on facing physical challenges. This book the term sport has an exhilara ng strategies in the economic south have encourages readers to consider issues of ring; to many older persons, it signifi es failed to challenge the root causes of health care, transporta on, ignorance, recrea on and leisure. From colonial gender inequality, have perpetuated polygamy, gender discrimina on, and mes, it has been viewed as a means gendered divisions of labor and have rural isola on. Through learning about of social control. Increasingly, it is being been very limited in integra ng poverty the health challenges faced by Tanzanian touted by governments and donor and SRHR. Through this global research, women, students are introduced to agencies as a self-evident tool of Africa’s DAWN demonstrates the phenomenon the lifeways and concerns of Tanzanian development. How accurate are these of “siloiza on,” or the fragmenta on and culture, the challenges faced by many individual, roman c and moral no ons isola on of important social and human- developing countries, and the in mate of sport? In this volume, eleven African rights issues from poverty agendas. and evoca ve level of detail that can scholars off er insigh ul analyses of This book provides useful evidence to only be discovered through intensive the complex ideological and structural support global advocacy on SRHR and ethnographic fi eldwork. dimensions of modern sport as a cultural gender equality in the context of the ins tu on. Drawing on various theories upcoming Cairo+20 and MDG+15 review NYU Press and cross-cultural data, the contributors processes in 2014 and 2015. www.nyupress.org to this volume highlight the various ways Female Soldiers in Sierra Leone: in which sport norms, policies, prac ces Lexington Books Sex, Security, and Post-Confl ict and representa ons pervasively www.lexingtonbooksandco.com Development, by Megan H. MacKenzie, interface with gender and other socially Tanzanian Women in Their Own Words: 2012, 187pp. The eleven-year civil war constructed categories of diff erence. Stories of Disability and Illness, by in Sierra Leone from 1991 to 2002 was They argue that sport is not only a site Sheryl Feinstein and Nicole C. D’Errico, incomprehensibly brutal—it is es mated of compe on and physical recrea on, 2010, 128pp. Tanzanian Women in Their that half of all female refugees were but also a crossroad where features Own Words is a compila on of oral raped and many thousands were killed. of modern society such as hegemony, histories by Tanzanian women living While the publicity surrounding sexual iden es, democracy, technology, with disabili es or chronic illnesses. violence helped to create a general development and master statuses Beginning with their earliest childhood picture of women and girls as vic ms intertwine and bifurcate. As they point memories, the narrators weave their of the confl ict, there has been li le out in many ways, sport produc on, life stories through adulthood, telling eff ort to understand female soldiers’ 1155 involvement in, and experience of, the most important defense strategy among body created by the Conven on) in confl ict. This book draws on interviews wealthy, liberal-democra c na ons. promo ng implementa on of the treaty, with 75 former female soldiers and And, per UN Security Council Resolu on and thereby ensuring the promo on over 20 local experts, providing a rare 1325, adopted in 2000, all member and protec on of women’s rights and perspec ve on both the civil war and na ons must consider the needs of the realiza on of equality between the post-confl ict development eff orts in women and girls during repatria on, sexes. This book also examines how the country. MacKenzie argues that rese lement, and post-confl ict human rights advocates have used post-confl ict reconstruc on is a highly reconstruc on eff orts. This book looks the Conven on, and the output of the gendered process, demonstra ng that at the way that a postna onal defense Commi ee at the interna onal and a clear recogni on and understanding infl uenced by SC 1325 and focused on na onal levels in li ga on, poli cal of the roles and experiences of human security aff ects gender rela ons advocacy, and other forms of ac vism. female soldiers are central to both in militaries. Interes ngly, despite the understanding the confl ict and to cra ing successful implementa on of gender Palgrave McMillan eff ec ve policy for the future. mainstreaming in training, the number of www.palgrave.com women involved in military peacekeeping Feminist Popular Educa on in Ohio University Press & Swallow remains low. Contradic ng much of the Transna onal Debates: Building Press gender mainstreaming literature, Kronsell Pedagogies of Possibility, edited by www.ohioswallow.com shows that increasing gender awareness Linzi Manicom and Shirley Walters, Power, Change, and Gender Rela ons in the military is a more achievable task 2012, 272pp. This book is a collec on in Rural Java: A Tale of Two Villages, than increasing gender parity. Employing of grounded accounts by feminist by Ann R. Tickamyer and Si Kusujiar , a feminist construc vist ins tu onal popular educators refl ec ng cri cally 2012, 246pp. Women’s status in rural approach, Kronsell ques ons whether on processes of collec ve learning Java can appear contradictory to those military ins tu ons can ever a ain and self- and social transforma on in both inside and outside the culture. In gender neutrality without confron ng various geopoli cal se ngs. Engaging some ways, women have high status and their reliance on masculinity constructs. contemporary feminist poli cal issues broad access to resources, but other She further ques ons whether and theory, contributors explore situa ons suggest that Javanese women “feminism” must always be equated emerging pedagogical prac ces. lack real power and autonomy. Javanese with an militarism or if military violence women have major responsibili es in commi ed in the name of enhancing Feminisms, HIV, and AIDS: Subver ng suppor ng their families and controlling human security can be performed Power, Reducing Vulnerability, by Vicci household fi nances. They may also own according to a feminist ethics. Kronsell Tallis, 2012, 248pp. Women globally, and manage their own property. Yet builds her theore cal argument on a case and especially in sub Saharan Africa, these symbols and poten al sources study of Sweden and the E.U. are dispropor onately aff ected by HIV of independence and infl uence are and AIDS. Despite an intensifi ed focus determined by a culturally prescribed, The Interna onal Bill of Rights for on women and girls in an a empt to state-reinforced, patriarchal gender Women: The Impact of the CEDAW reduce vulnerability to HIV, there has ideology that limits women’s autonomy. Conven on, by Andrew Byrnes and Jane been li le progress made. This is in part This book examines this contradic on as Connors, 2012, 600pp. This book provides because the sophis cated analysis of well as sources of stability and change in a detailed guide to the UN Conven on risk, vulnerability and understanding contemporary Javanese gender rela ons. on the Elimina on of All Forms of of the pandemics is not matched Discrimina on against Women. The by equally sophis cated responses. Oxford University Press conven on is one of the principal human Male domina on, evident at every www.oup.com rights trea es adopted by the United level of society, fuels the pandemics, Gender, Sex, and the Postna onal Na ons and has been described as an and makes women vulnerable. Using Defense, by Annica Kronsell, 2012, “Interna onal Bill of Rights for women.” feminist understandings of power and 192pp. Scholars have argued that the end Byrnes and Connors examine the history domina on this book explores the no on of the Cold War and the War on Terror and development of this important of subver ng power. Through a series have radically changed the context of human rights treaty which guarantees of case studies, the no on of nega ve war and defense, diminished the role women equality in all areas of social life and posi ve power is examined; posi ve of na on-states in favor of mul lateral and explore the steps which States have power includes power with, power to defense ac vi es, and placed a new taken to give eff ect to it. They explore and power within. Examples of women’s focus on human security. Interna onal the pivotal role played by the Commi ee resistance individually and collec vely peacekeeping has superseded the on the Elimina on of Discrimina on using the diff erent types of power are tradi onal act of war-making as the against Women (the expert monitoring highlighted, showing that women are not

1166 BOOKSBOOKS powerless and can aff ect change in their women’s vulnerabili es are examined, to disease and other forms of human lives. both in rural and urban contexts. This insecurity due to diff erences in is illustrated with a rich range of case en tlement, empowerment and an array “Neoliberaliza on” as Betrayal: State, studies from all over the world and of other ecological and socioeconomic Feminism, and a Women’s Educa on valuable lessons are drawn from these factors. These gendered insecuri es Program in India, by Shubhra Sharma, real experiences. The book disputes the are inextricably linked to poverty, and 2011, 288pp. Using ini a ves by characteriza on of women as primarily as a result, the feminiza on of poverty nongovernmental organiza ons to vic ms of climate change and provides is a growing phenomenon worldwide. promote women’s empowerment many examples of how women around The contributors to this volume rely on in rural India, this book draws new the world organize and build resilience a gender-focused analysis to consider conclusions about the three-way and adapt to climate change and the a number of issues central to human rela onship between neoliberalism, role they are playing in climate change security and development in Africa, women’s educa on, and spa aliza on mi ga on. The fi nal sec on looks at how including food security, environmental of the state. Sharma gets to the heart far gender mainstreaming in climate health risks, discrimina on within of the assump ons judicial and legal systems, and blind-spots gendered aspects of HIV/ inherent in these AIDS transmission and programs and treatment technologies, makes an important neoliberalism and contribu on to the poverty allevia on debate about the strategies, and confl ict ins tu onaliza on and women’s poli cal of women’s ac vism. educa on. Gender and Radical Rutledge Poli cs in India: Magic www.routledge.com Moments of Naxalbari Gender and (1967-1975), by Mallarika Climate Change: Sinha Roy, 2011, An Introduc on, by 210pp. The Naxalbari Irene Dankelman, movement marks a 2012, 312pp. signifi cant moment in Although climate the postcolonial history change aff ects of India. Beginning everybody it is as an armed peasant not gender neutral. It has signifi cant mi ga on and adapta on has advanced, uprising in 1967 under the leadership social impacts and magnifi es exis ng the policy frameworks in place and how of radical communists, the movement inequali es such as the disparity we can move from policy to eff ec ve was inspired by the Marxist-Leninist between women and men in their ac on. theory of revolu on and involved a vulnerability and ability to cope with this signifi cant sec on of the contemporary global phenomenon. This new textbook Gendered Insecuri es, Health and youth from diverse social strata with a provides a comprehensive introduc on Development in Africa, edited by vision of people’s revolu on. It inspired to gender aspects of climate change. Howard Stein and Amal Hassan Fadlalla, similar radical movements in other It starts with a short history of the 2012, 224pp. Since its introduc on in South Asian countries such as Nepal. thinking and prac ce around gender and the 1994 UNDP Human Development Arguing that the history and memory sustainable development over the past report, the idea of human security of the Naxalbari movement is fraught decades. Next it provides a theore cal has become increasingly infl uen al with varied gendered experiences of framework for analyzing climate change among academics and interna onal poli cal mo va on, revolu onary manifesta ons and policies from the development prac oners. However, ac vism, and violence, this book perspec ve of gender and human gendered dimensions of human security analyzes the par cipa on of women in security. Drawing on new research, have not a racted enough a en on, the movement and their experiences. the actual and poten al eff ects of despite their vital importance. Women Based on extensive ethnographic and climate change on gender equality and are dispropor onately more vulnerable archival research, the author argues that

BBOOKSOOKS 1177 women’s emancipa on was an integral remi ances have been a major supporter been limited to advanced industrialized part of their vision of revolu on, and of the Albanian economy, sustaining countries. Meanwhile, governments in many of them iden fi ed the days of their many Albanian families, especially in developing countries—where economic ac vism as magic moments, as a period rural areas. The authors thus focus on restructuring raises perennial concerns of enchanted sense of emancipa on. the sociocultural context of remi ances, about social reproduc on, and women’s The book places the movement into and explore how gender emerges as increasing burdens of unpaid care the postcolonial history of South Asia. a powerful facet in the processes of work—are experimen ng with new It makes a signifi cant contribu on to development. ways of responding to care needs in the understanding of radical communist their socie es. Contributors from a poli cs in South Asia, par cularly in United Nations Publications wide range of backgrounds extend our rela on to issues concerning the role of unp.un.org understanding of the care economy women in radical poli cs. Defying Vic mhood: Women and in the developing world at a moment Post-Confl ict Peacebuilding, 2012, when exis ng systems are under strain Tauris Academic Studies 380pp. Opportuni es for sustainable and new ideas are coming into focus. www.ibtauris.com peacebuilding are lost—and sustainable Empirically grounded case studies of Challenging the NGOs: Women, peace is at risk—when signifi cant countries as diverse as China, Nicaragua, Religion and Western Dialogues in stakeholders in a society’s future India and South Africa shed new light India, by Tamsin Bradley, 2012, 256pp. are excluded from eff orts to heal both on exis ng care arrangements Development agencies are recognizing the wounds of war and build a new and changing policies. This book off ers the importance of anthropology in the society and a new state. Yet women important insights about what it will cri cal evalua on of grassroots NGOs are rou nely marginalized, unno ced, mean to provide dignifi ed care in the and development prac ce in general. and underu lized in such eff orts. twenty-fi rst century. Here, anthropology, development, and This book uses compara ve case religion are uniquely combined in a studies and country studies from World Wide Web Foundation manner that has prac cal signifi cance post-confl ict contexts in diff erent www.webfounda on.org for how NGOs carry out their work. parts of world to produce insights for Accelera ng Development Using Bradley examines the interfaces between understanding women as both vic ms the Web Empowering Poor and religion, gender, anthropology, and and peacebuilders. The book traces the Marginalized Popula ons, 2012, 269pp. social development and focuses on road that women take from vic mhood This book is a compendium of ar cles the opera on of grassroots NGOs. to empowerment and highlights the by recognized experts describing the She argues that these agencies need essen al partnerships between women real and poten al eff ects of the internet to adopt a new methodology if they and children and how they contribute to in all major aspects of economic and are to increase effi ciency. This is made survival and peace. Drawing par cularly social development. This book fi lls a gap clear in a series of ethnographic case on African cases, the authors examine in the current store of knowledge by studies documen ng the experiences na onal and global eff orts to right past taking a broad view, off ering detailed of three Rajasthani village women. This wrongs as well as the roles of women in commentary from fourteen experts book constructs a new approach to poli cal and security ins tu ons. They who are deeply engaged in the fi eld development prac ce, incorpora ng argue that for women in post-confl ict of ICTs for development and are each ethnographic techniques that are socie es, “defying vic mhood” means able to emphasize the key ques ons, designed to encourage development being an ac vist, peacebuilder, and challenges, and successes unique to workers to listen to the needs of those above all a full par cipant in post-war their fi eld. The research unites themes of they seek to help. social, economic, poli cal, and security technological innova on, interna onal structures, access to which all too o en development, economic growth, gender Remi ances, Gender and Development: has unjustly and unwisely been denied. equality, linguis c and cultural diversity Albania’s Society and Economy in and community ac on. The sec on Transi on, by Julie Vullnetari, 2011, Wiley-Blackwell on gender examines the origins of the 256pp. Migra on in the modern world, www.wiley.com concern for gender issues in the internet rather than being seen as a symptom Seen, Heard and Counted: Rethinking and informa on society in developing or result of underdevelopment, is now Care in a Development Context, edited countries as well has how ICTs can serve understood more as a route towards by Shahra Razavi, 2012, 276pp. With women and development. Readers will development and a strategy for two decades of research behind it, be able to draw parallels across each allevia ng poverty. This study of Albania the “invisible economy” of care is a fi eld and see where similari es in the is par cularly signifi cant in this new cri cal area of scien fi c enquiry and deployment of ICTs for development debate on migra on and development policy ac on. However, far from being exist and where there are divergences. as, since the fall of communism, global, much of the public debate has

1188 BOOKSBOOKS SStudytudy OOpportunitiespportunities

Georgetown University providing a unique possibility to obtain a qualifi ed candidates from developing nyurl.com/bsm83zv double diploma from the home and the countries to undertake postgraduate The Women’s Law and Public Policy partner ins tu on, acknowledged by studies at colleges and universi es in Fellowship Program all GEMMA Consor um members. The Ireland. Further students are supported Deadline: November 16, 2012 program provides high quality academic for courses in their own region. Awards The Women’s Law and Public Policy and professional competencies for are made in fi elds such as development Fellowship Program (WLPPFP) off ers students wan ng to conduct further studies, rural development, health care, fellowships for public interest lawyers research or intending to work in the educa on and law. 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Once admi ed to their requirements for the specializa on may prac ce and research and cri cally chosen department, students may also be used to sa sfy the requirements review arguments and advance their enroll in this program. Jointly sponsored for the master’s or doctoral degree. own analysis; encourage students to by the College of Arts and Le ers The cer fi ca on of the specializa on consider how developing countries and the College of Social Science, the will appear on the student’s transcript. connect with more affl uent and specializa on is designed to provide Graduate students interested in powerful regions of the world; and opportuni es for graduate students enrolling in the specializa on should enable students to research aspects of to obtain a comprehensive, cross/ contact the Center for Gender in Global educa on, gender and interna onal interdisciplinary academic experience Context at [email protected]. development of personal and/or in women and gender and to foster the professional importance. The program growth of interdisciplinary research Graduate Specializa on in Interna onal provides opportuni es to look at a range and teaching on women and gender. Development of current issues and debates, including Emphasis is given to understanding the Deadline: Rolling discussions about girls’ access to and diversity of women’s lives na onally and In conjunc on with the Center for achievements in school; feminini es, globally. The graduate specializa on Advanced Study of Interna onal masculini es and gender rela ons is open to graduate students with Development (CASID), GenCen off ers a within educa on; the ways in which the adequate undergraduate prepara on Graduate Specializa on in Interna onal state and society shape the poli cs of in women and gender. Graduate Development, available as an elec ve for gender and educa on; and approaches students interested in enrolling in students who are enrolled in master’s to social jus ce and educa on. The the specializa on should contact the and doctoral degree programs at MSU. program is designed for professionals Center for Gender in Global Context at The specializa on, administered by the with an interest in gender, educa on [email protected]. College of Social Science, is designed and development, who would like to to provide an opportunity for graduate refl ect and build on their experience of Graduate Specializa on in Gender, students to obtain a comprehensive and working in these areas. Former students Jus ce, and Environmental Change contemporary academic experience in work for governments, NGOs, donor Deadline: Rolling the fi eld of interna onal development organiza ons, schools and universi es Gender, Jus ce and Environmental studies; sensi ze graduate students around the world. Change (GJEC), administered by with an interest in development GenCen and sponsored by the studies to their professional obliga ons University of Warwick, England College of Agriculture and Natural and responsibili es; and develop an nyurl.com/96s2suu Resources and the College of Social intellectual environment that will foster MA in Gender and Interna onal Science, is an elec ve available for the growth of research and teaching Development students enrolled in master’s and in the area of development studies. Deadline: Rolling doctoral degree programs at MSU. Students may design individualized The program was originally developed in This specializa on off ers a unique programs with a focus on gender 1994 by staff in the Centre for the Study interdisciplinary curriculum focused rela ons in the areas of health, work, of Women and Gender, now a research on local and global intersec ons of rural development, environment centre in the department of Sociology. gender, social and environmental and development, development The interdisciplinary and interna onal jus ce, and environmental change. administra ons, nongovernmental framework of the Centre and the The GJEC program is fl exible, allowing organiza ons in development, and academic staff teaching in it have students to tailor the curriculum to their poli cs of development. produced several unique aspects of the interests, capabili es, and professional Warwick program: it is located at the goals. Students in natural science University of London’s Institute of intersec on of interdisciplinary gender fi elds can use the specializa on to Education studies and interna onal feminist integrate gender and jus ce concerns nyurl.com/92s8nbk theory, and it is a research-led program with their regular program. Students in MA in Educa on, Gender and taught by staff who do research in many social sciences will be exposed to the Interna onal Development areas of the world, including South background, concepts, and methods Deadline: Rolling and East Asia, Southern Africa and of environmental studies necessary to This master’s degree aims to: develop the Caribbean. This gives the course a communicate with natural scien sts and students’ understandings of the gender rigorous academic founda on linked to policy makers. With the approval of the dimensions of research, analysis, policy a strong prac cal focus on issues and department and college that administer and prac ce in rela on to educa on policy of gender and development. the student’s degree program, the in low- and middle-income countries;

2200 STUDYSTUDY OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIES GGrantsrants andand FellowshipsFellowships

Thomson Reuters Foundation: healthier choices about their sexuality; The Radcliffe Institute Fellowship Trust Women Hero Award 2. a growing number of people obtain Program Deadline: October 8, 2012 access to an retrovirals, contracep ves Deadline: November 1, 2012 nyurl.com/bptou8q and other life-saving resources that nyurl.com/8wp5lnj The Trust Women Hero Award is the promote good sexual and reproduc ve The Radcliff e Ins tute Fellowship centerpiece of the Trust Women health; 3. public and private clinics Program is a scholarly community where Conference, organized by the provide be er sexual and reproduc ve individuals pursue advanced work across Thomson Reuters Founda on and care used by an increasing number of a wide range of academic disciplines, the Interna onal Herald Tribune and people; 4. more respect for the sexual professions, and crea ve arts. Radcliff e dedicated to forging real Ins tute fellowships are solu ons to challenges designed to support scholars, faced by women worldwide. scien sts, ar sts, and writers Judged by dis nguished of excep onal promise and members of the Trust demonstrated accomplishment Women Advisory Board, the who wish to pursue work in award seeks to celebrate academic and professional an innovator whose bold fi elds and in the crea ve arts. In thinking and high-impact work recogni on of Radcliff e’s historic has helped women defend contribu ons to the educa on and advance their rights. of women and to the study of Nominees will be judged on issues related to women, the the groundbreaking nature Radcliff e Ins tute sustains a of their work, its impact con nuing commitment to the and scalability. Shortlisted study of women, gender, and nominees will be no fi ed in society. Applicants’ projects late October. The winner will need not focus on gender, be announced at the awards however. Women and men ceremony on December 4 from across the United States 2012 in London. The winner and throughout the world, will be acknowledged through including developing countries, Reuters and IHT channels, are encouraged to apply. We including a profi le in the IHT, seek to build a community of and will receive a cash prize fellows that is diverse in every of $5,000 to help further their way. The deadline for applicants work. in the Natural Sciences and Mathema cs is November 1, Dutch Ministry of Foreign 2012. Affairs: Sexual and Reproductive Health And Rights and reproduc ve rights of people Campbell Fellowship for Women Fund who are currently denied these rights. Scholar-Practitioners from Deadline: October 12, 2012 The Netherlands will work to achieve Developing Nations nyurl.com/c8pzher this by entering into partnerships Deadline: November 1 (Annually) For the 3-year period between January with na onal governments in partner nyurl.com/ybxxpnk 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015, the countries, with interna onal and civil One six-month fellowship is available Ministry of Foreign Aff airs will award society organiza ons and with research for a female postdoctoral social scien st grants from the Sexual and Reproduc ve ins tu ons and businesses, to make from a developing na on whose work Health and Rights (SRHR) Fund. Ac vi es cost-eff ec ve, life-saving interven ons addresses women’s economic and social that are eligible for a grant should focus possible and to improve sexual and empowerment in that na on. The goal on 4 result areas: 1. young people know reproduc ve health and rights. of the program is twofold: to advance more and are thus equipped to make the scholarly careers of women social 2211 scien sts from the developing world, and applicants with the poten al to bring for postdoctoral research leave from to support research that iden fi es causes to their academic careers the cri cal accredited ins tu ons. Candidates must of gender inequity in the developing perspec ve that comes from their be U.S. ci zens or permanent residents. world and that proposes prac cal non-tradi onal educa onal background Candidates are evaluated on the basis solu ons for promo ng women’s or understanding of the experiences of scholarly excellence; the quality and economic and social empowerment. of members of groups historically originality of project design; and ac ve Applicants must be na onals of underrepresented in higher educa on. commitment to helping women and girls developing countries that are currently through service in their communi es, eligible to borrow from the World Bank. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation professions, or fi elds of research. Applicants should also be pursuing Grant for Labor Saving Innovations research in one of the social sciences: for Women Smallholder Farmers American Association of University anthropology, economics, educa on, Deadline: November 7, 2012 Women: International Fellows geography, history, law, linguis cs, nyurl.com/cvg4z8x Deadline: December 1, 2012 poli cal science, psychology, social The Bill & Melinda Gates Founda on is nyurl.com/3kvsgls work, sociology, or in an interdisciplinary now accep ng grant proposals for Round Interna onal Fellowships are awarded fi eld that incorporates two or more of 10 of Grand Challenges Explora ons, for full- me study or research in the these disciplines. Projects that iden fy an ini a ve to encourage innova ve United States to women who are not causes of and/or solu ons to gender and unconven onal global health and U.S. ci zens or permanent residents. inequity in the developing world, and development solu ons. Applicants Both graduate and postgraduate studies thus contribute to women’s social can be at any experience level; in any at accredited U.S. ins tu ons are and economic empowerment, will be discipline; and from any organiza on, supported. Applicants must have earned favored. Sample topics include educa on including colleges and universi es, the equivalent of a U.S. bachelor’s and socializa on of girls; globaliza on government laboratories, research degree by September 30, 2012 and and the economic status of women; ins tu ons, non-profi t organiza ons and must have applied to their proposed policies and prac ces toward family, for-profi t companies. This year, two-page ins tu ons of study by the me of the reproduc on, and women’s health; grant proposals are being accepted applica on. Up to fi ve fellowships are impacts of interna onal and civil confl ict online on the topic Labor Saving renewable for a second year. on women; women’s roles in resolving Innova ons for Women Smallholder such confl icts or sustaining civil society; Farmers, among others. This topic asks Samuel Huntington Public Service media representa ons of women and the science, educa on, design and Award the forma on of ideologies of gender; crea ve communi es to look beyond Deadline: January 18, 2013 the prac ce and process of gender-based supply-sided interven ons to get at the nyurl.com/d7dop4f development; and women in science and underlying reasons for low-adop on The Samuel Hun ngton Public Service technology. rates of improved labor-saving devices, Award provides a $10,000 s pend for a specifi cally design for women. We’re gradua ng college senior to pursue one UC Berkeley Chancellor’s asking you to innovate for women year of public service anywhere in the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program farmers and in doing so to recognize the world. The award allows recipients to Deadline: November 1, 2012 technical, economic, cultural and social engage in a meaningful public service nyurl.com/8j2ee93 constraints that inhibit the broad use of ac vity for one year before proceeding The programm off ers postdoctoral tools that could increase produc vity on on to graduate school or a career. To research fellowships and faculty farms, reduce women’s labor burden and apply, please develop a proposal for mentoring to qualifi ed scholars in all contribute to household welfare. Ini al public service in this country or abroad. fi elds whose research, teaching, and grants will be US $100,000 each, and The proposal may encompass any ac vity service will contribute to the diversity projects showing promise will have the that furthers the public good. It can be and equal opportunity at the University opportunity to receive addi onal funding undertaken by recipient alone or by of California. These contribu ons of up to US $1 million. working through established charitable, may include public service addressing religious, educa onal, governmental, the needs of our increasingly diverse American Association of University or other public service organiza ons. society, eff orts to advance equitable Women: American Fellows $5,000 is awarded at the beginning of access to higher educa on for women Deadline: December 1, 2012 the project; and the remaining $5,000 and minori es, or research focusing nyurl.com/9rjugvy is awarded upon receipt of a six-month on underserved popula ons or American Fellowships support women progress report. understanding issues of racial or gender doctoral candidates comple ng inequali es. The program is seeking disserta ons or scholars seeking funds 2222 GRANTSGRANTS & FFELLOWSHIPSELLOWSHIPS CConferencesonferences

International Centre for Integrated The conference’s theme of “imbalances International Political Science Mountain Development, Thimphu, in economic development” can Association Bhutan be interpreted broadly. Possible Interna onal Conference on Gender Bhutan+10: Gender and Sustainable topics include but are not limited Rela ons in Developing Socie es: A Mountain Development in a Changing to: global trade and current account 21st Century Perspec ve World University of Delhi, Delhi, India October 15-19, 2012 October 30-31, 2012 www.icimod.org/bhutan+10/ nyurl.com/8sxavbd With emerging concerns, and This conference aims to persistent challenges in the highlight the gender dynamics context of mountain women of global issues in developing and sustainable mountain socie es. It sets out to explore development, the Interna onal the ways of responding to their Centre for Integrated Mountain detrimental eff ects on the lives Development, Bhutan’s Ministry of women. The objec ve of of Agriculture and Forests, this conference is to debate and the Na onal Commission the rela ve eff ec veness of for Women and Children are the strategies adopted by organizing an interna onal various ins tu ons. It’s an conference, Bhutan+10, which urgent need of the mes to will bring together mountain push the issues and to ensure women and men, researchers, that they do not remain policy makers, and development merely a facade. Networking prac oners from the HKH and mass mobiliza on among region and around the world people sensi ve to this cause is in a post-Rio+20 world for a important for achieving gender comprehensive update, stock- equality and that is a core goal taking, and new agenda se ng. of the conference. Collec ve The gathering is expected to thinking, commitment to gender have both regional impact issues and strategizing together and interna onal signifi cance. is needed, which forms the By providing opportuni es focus of the conference. to share the voices and experiences of normally excluded but imbalances, structural imbalances and National Women’s Studies cri cally important sectors of society, transforma on, income and wealth Association it can ul mately lead to policy change inequali es, imbalances between Feminism Unbound: Imaging a Feminist in na onal, regional, and global the fi nancial and the real side of Future spheres, at an opportune me a er the economy, imbalances between November 8-11, 2012 global environmental challenges and developed and developing countries, nyurl.com/6re4mnk opportuni es have been debated at fi nancial crises and interna onal This conference builds on our Rio+20. This conference will take place transmissions, overvalued or conversa ons about Feminist in Thimpu, Bhutan. undervalued real exchange rates, Transforma ons in 2011 by examining new and old interna onal currencies, the ways feminist scholarship is Columbia Business School, Tsinghua regional and global fi nancial governance, transgressing such boundaries as public/ University, and the Journal of or imbalances in the development private, gender conformity and sexuality, Development Economics of regional and global free trade na onalism, disability, race, ethnicity, Imbalances in Economic Development: agreements. While the conference will class and culture. It encourages us Interna onal Perspec ves be held at Tsinghua University in Beijing, to explore our vision of 21st century October 18-19, 2012 China, the working language for the feminism. What are the issues that nyurl.com/8hu9bl5 event will be English. are or should be shaping its direc on? 2233 How are global movements of people European Gender Summit 2012 in war? How do (wri en, oral or visual) and ideas changing our theore cal November 29-30, 2012 tes monies challenge or reinforce lenses, poli cal and economic reali es, www.gender-summit.eu/index.php the hegemonic accounts of wars and as well as our cultural produc ons The 2012 edi on of the European genocides? How are wars memorialized and representa ons? What are the Gender Summit will demonstrate and gendered through monuments, most transforma ve forms and foci of innova ve ini a ves in the area of museums, and other memory sites? ac vist engagements, par cularly in gender equality introduced by leading What is the impact of the ethniciza on/ light of contemporary pa erns of global science ins tu ons. Building on the racializa on of violence on the making interconnectedness, accompanied success of the Manifesto for Integrated of gendered memories? How is the by unparalleled economic crises and Ac on on the Gender Dimension in rela onship between the “personal” burgeoning poli cal movements? As Research and Innova on, which has and the “public/na onal/poli cal” (re) scholars commi ed to progressive social a racted over 4000 signatures from conceptualized in popular culture, fi lm, change, what are the assump ons scien sts, the 2012 Gender Summit will literature, and (auto)biographical texts upon which we base our knowledge include four consulta ve workshops. dealing with war, genocide, and other claims and select tools to inves gate The workshops are designed to enrich forms of poli cal violence? How are our past, explain our current reali es, the advocacy strategy for excellence in “humanitarian interven ons,” post- and work for a diff erent, more equitable science by ensuring that it is sensi ve confl ict processes, and transi onal future both locally and globally? This to gender equality issues and to the jus ce gendered? How do women’s, conference will be held in Oakland, needs and concerns of society, oriented feminist, and LGBTQ movements California. around major current topics, including contribute to cri cal memory work the feasibility of a European Gender on wars? What kind of impact has The Centre for Conflict Studies, Standard. This Summit will take a feminist scholarship had on war and Monterey, California posi ve look at all these issues, and militarism studies, genocide studies, and Religion and Gender: Iden ty, Confl ict, thanks to the contribu ons of top-level memory studies? What new concepts and Power speakers, will off er par cipants an or theore cal frameworks (queer? November 8-10, 2012 opportunity to be be er prepared postcolonial? cri cal race studies?) nyurl.com/8px7qep for responding to the research and promise new openings in feminist The conference will highlight the innova on agendas promoted in analyses of memory work on wars and complex rela onships between religion HORIZON 2020, European Research genocides? and gender in a global context. It seeks Area, and Innova on Union. to explore confl icts that arise at the International Development Studies nexus of gender and religion while Central European University, Sabanc Group and LANDac simultaneously promo ng spaces for University Gender & Land Governance Conference empowerment that arise in these Young Researchers Conference: January 14-15, 2013 interac ons. This conference will Gendered Memories of War and nyurl.com/9cuqamo examine the asser on that religious Poli cal Violence Land, and the natural resources it holds, iden ty in a par cular historical context December 7-8, 2012 is under unprecedented transforma on shapes gender iden ty and, at the same nyurl.com/8go5m8z due to mul ple factors including me, presents ideas for how gender The 20th century has been a century popula on increase, globaliza on, iden ty can re-shape religious iden ty. of wars, genocides, and other forms climate change, urban expansion, The conference will furthermore of poli cal violence. It has also been post-confl ict readjustment, and other emphasize the impact human agency a century of feminist struggle and social and economic developments. has on the construc on of iden es and theorizing globally. At the peak of what is Such condi ons have ushered in an era the resul ng opportunity it provides some mes called the “memory boom,” of new pressures on land and ignited for challenging power structures within this conference seeks to explore the conten ous debates on equitable access religion and religious ins tu ons. diff erent ways in which wars, genocides, and pro-poor land policy throughout Building capaci es for human beings and other forms of poli cal violence are the world. While for decades, to act freely, morally, and justly is the remembered through a gender lens. development “experts” advocated for a fi rst step in posi vely transforming Central thema c ques ons include (but formaliza on of property rights through rela onships among those divided by are not limited to): How have wars, land registra on and tling, more iden ty confl icts. genocides and other forms of poli cal recently, much a en on has focused violence been narrated and represented on the nega ve implica ons of land genSET, European Science by men and women? How do women liberaliza on policies. Subsequently, Foundation remember and narrate sexual violence increased recogni on of the poten al for

2244 CONFERENCESCONFERENCES customary tenure and communal natural aims of social jus ce, equity, and poverty They are inves ga ng how popula on resource management systems has allevia on that gender perspec ves policies can infl uence poverty reduc on grown. This shi towards a customary inform these reforms. The conference at the household level and economic land rights paradigm, however, has taken will include plenary panels of guest growth at the country/state level. The place without suffi cient a en on to speakers from across academia and Seventh Annual Research Conference the gendered drivers and implica ons public policy, and a series of academic on Popula on, Reproduc ve Health and of tenure change. In January, 2013, papers. Economic Development will take place the Interna onal Development in Oslo, Norway. Invited par cipants Studies Group (Utrecht University) in Population and Poverty Research will be economics and popula on collabora on with LANDac will convene Network researchers with an emphasis on a 2-day conference in Utrecht, the Popula on, Reproduc ve Health and empirical research about Africa. Selected Netherlands, aimed at drawing scholars Economic Development papers will advance knowledge and/ and policy makers together who have January 23-26, 2013 or methodology, addressing the broad been paying par cular a en on to nyurl.com/9hpkww2 themes relevant to the PopPov inquiry gender dynamics in land governance The Popula on and Poverty Research into how popula on dynamics and processes. We are at an important Network (PopPov) is a group of academic reproduc ve health aff ect economic juncture where many countries are researchers and funders from around development. experimen ng with legisla ve change in the globe interested in how popula on land governance. It is impera ve for the dynamics aff ect economic outcomes. CCallsalls forfor PapersPapers

Eastern Sociological Society, 2013 popula on. Sustainability includes approaches in the crossdisciplinary fi elds Annual Meeting construc ng democra c governance of the humani es, social, and natural Sustainable Communi es/Sustainable structures; producing safe and adequate sciences. Innova ve methodologies have Lives: Social Change, Social Ac on, & food, housing, and renewable energy emerged to address the thorny issues Social Jus ce systems; and ensuring open and of researching iden ty and subject Deadline: October 15, 2012 accessible modes of communica on. posi ons, prac ces and ac vi es. Yet nyurl.com/94rrznp What role do new technologies, new despite this, there is s ll much to be The ESS welcomes submissions media, and social networking play in done in the development of mixed addressing any and all issues of interest promo ng sustainability of communi es, methods approaches to the study of to sociologists, drawing on methods of families and individuals? What kinds of gender, sex and sexuality, in addi on every sort. In addi on, the 2013 mee ng educa on, science, and labor are best to further a en on being required as will have a special focus on “Sustainable suited to sustainable prac ces? The to what cons tutes best prac ce in Communi es/Sustainable Lives.” no on of sustainability refl ects both terms of qualita ve and quan ta ve What kinds of sociological inquiry can the need to develop everyday prac cal research in the fi eld. This issue invites contribute to sustaining communi es strategies as well as to ar culate a work that examines “methodology” in and lives in the 21st century? Among vision of the future that will be more gender, sex and sexuali es research. the many challenges are gender, racial, economically equitable, peaceful and Editors seek essays that elaborate ethnic and hemispheric inequi es; war socially just. experiences of both theore cal and and ethnic confl ict; climate change and empirical approaches to research environmental racism; gender and sexual International Journal of Multiple on gender, sex and sexuality. Studies violence; health dispari es and HIV/AIDs Research Approaches that have employed qualita ve and among other diseases and epidemics; Mixed Methods in Gender & Sexuali es quan ta ve, as well as mixed method and globaliza on of labor and fi nance. Research approaches are welcome. Editors are In response to these challenges Deadline: October 15, 2012 par cularly interested in essays that ac vists have taken to the streets to nyurl.com/9dzsqrc expose the challenges, emerging issues call for social changes in leadership at Over the past three decades, the and solu ons in combining innova ve all levels of government and for more interna onal explosion of scholarship approaches and evalua on programs. equitable distribu on of wealth and to in the areas of gender, sex and sexuality For informa on on forma ng and provide for the basic needs of a growing has created new fi elds of inquiry and submission, please visit the website. 2255 Institute for Gender and the use of natural resources Development Studies at a rate that is compa ble Cinema and the Mother: with their regenera on? What Motherhood in Contemporary changes in human prac ce can World Cinemas lead to long-term availability of Deadline: October 31, 2012 necessary natural resources? nyurl.com/bn7rsxp The conference will explore Mother fi gure plays an essen al these and related ques ons, role in cinema. Films have but in a way that considers presented a stereotypical role sustainability beyond its of a mother wherein she is ecological dimensions. This hailed for her sacrifi ces and conference considers the hated for having any personal contribu ons that anthropology desires. Representa on of can make toward expanding the motherhood in world cinemas horizons of sustainability. has either been framed within patriarchal norms or within The Journal of Human na onalist discourses in which Rights Practice the mother fi gure symbolizes The Protec on of Human the na on. Patriarchy glorifi es Rights motherhood, and cinema Deadline: November 1, 2012 as an ins tu on refl ec ng nyurl.com/cnyw3lt sociocultural reality has tended Over the past two decades, to idealize motherhood; there has been growing depending on the ethnocultural recogni on of the signifi cance paradigms, mother fi gure is of human rights defenders as presented either as angelic or agents of change, and of the demonic, thus prescribing a importance of protec ng their norma ve image. This collec on rights in order to enable them will provide an analysis of how fi elds of anthropology and sustainability to work safely and eff ec vely. motherhood has been represented cross over into mul ple areas and In 1998, the General Assembly adopted in various fi lmic tradi ons. Papers disciplines, authors are welcome the Declara on on Human Rights dealing with any cultural tradi on are to submit from a range of topics, Defenders. Since then, states have welcome; however, preference may perspec ves, and disciplines. The range developed a number of interna onal, be given to non-Hollywood tradi ons. of research submissions may include regional and na onal mechanisms for Understanding of motherhood both as conceptual, empirical, experimental, the protec on of the rights of human an individual performance and as an and case studies. Under the theme of rights defenders. A transna onal ins tu on has mostly been a post-1980s “Anthropological Perspec ves on Holis c community of civil society actors and phenomenon; as such, the collec on will Sustainability,” CASA 2012 welcomes donors has formed around human focus on contemporary cinema. submissions from the following seven rights defenders, contribu ng crea ve areas: Cultural Sustainability; Social strategies and mechanisms for their 2012 Conference on Anthropology Sustainability; Linguis c Sustainability; protec on, such as the provision of & Sustainability in Asia Poli cal Sustainability; Economic emergency grants, temporary reloca on, Anthropological Perspec ves on Holis c Sustainability; Biological Sustainability; interna onal accompaniment, and trial Sustainability and Archaeology and Sustainability. monitoring. There has been dedicated Deadline: October 31, 2012 Sustainability is a term of recent origin eff ort to strengthen the legi macy, nyurl.com/8h9geen with widespread contemporary saliency. visibility and credibility of human rights The 2012 Conference on Anthropology In its popular use, sustainability tends defenders, such as through na onal & Sustainability in Asia invites scholarly to focus mostly on issues of natural and interna onal solidarity campaigns. interac ons among academics, environment. The lens of environmental There has also been stronger emphasis researchers, doctoral students, sustainability raises ques ons such as: on the development of preventa ve, and representa ves from industry, Can the natural world recover from “pre-risk” strategies. However, there as well as think tanks, non-profi t/ damage caused by human ac vity at a are prac cal diffi cul es in iden fying nongovernmental organiza on rate faster than the damage is done? Is an individual as a “human rights professionals to submit proposals. As the defender.” There is a need to examine 2266 CCALLSALLS FORFOR PAPERSPAPERS how legi macy is created and conferred, 2014 Berkshire Conference on The goal of the MEWC blog is to provide and to evaluate the protec on benefi ts Women’s History a pla orm for the voices of young and challenges of using diff erent types of Histories on the Edge/Histoires sur la African women and other individuals interven ons. In light of these important brèche interested in women’s rights issues in challenges, and with the occasion of the Deadline: January 15, 2013 Africa to be heard. If you have something 15th anniversary of the Declara on on nyurl.com/8azjv3g to say about women’s rights in Africa, Human Rights Defenders, The Journal For the fi rst me in its history, the are working on the ground to help of Human Rights Prac ce will publish a Berkshire Conference on Women’s promote women’s empowerment in special issue focusing on the protec on History (also known as the “Big Berks”) Africa, or have a story to tell about of human rights defenders. Contribu ons will be held outside of the United States, women in Africa, then MEWC would are welcome on topics including: the at the University of Toronto, on May like to hear from you. MEWC is looking development of legal and administra ve 22-25, 2014. The major theme of the for individuals who are eager to share mechanisms for repression; methods conference is “Histories on the Edge/ their views, analysis, ideas, and personal for fostering enabling environments for Histoires sur la brèche.” The theme stories on MEWC’s blog. If you would the defense of human rights (including refl ects the growing interna onaliza on like to be considered to par cipate building stronger digital security); of this triennial conference. It recognizes in the discussion follow the detailed ethnographies of risk and protec on; the precariousness of a world in instruc ons on the website provided. and the eff ec veness of protec on which the edged-out millions demand Previous blogging experience is not mechanisms. transforma on, as well as the intellectual necessary. However, please note that this edges scholars have crossed, recreated, is not a paid opportunity. Weeks Centre for Social and Policy and worked to bridge in the academy and Research, London South Bank outside of it. This conference is interested Religion & Gender Online Academic University in decentering US scholarly dominance Journal Gender and Educa on Associa on by invi ng histories of the Caribbean and Deadline: Rolling Biennial Conference: Compelling La n America, Asia and the Pacifi c, Africa www.religionandgender.org Diversi es, Educa onal Intersec ons and the Middle East, and Indigenous, The next two issues of Religion and Deadline: November 12, 2012 francophone and diasporic cultures Gender are currently being processed nyurl.com/crcjg6t around the world. We welcome papers and the publishers have also planned The ninth interna onal Gender and that destabilize the white, able-bodied, special issues for the longer term. The Educa on Associa on conference, liberal ci zen subject through focus guidelines of proposals can be found on “Compelling Diversi es, Educa onal on bodies and objects on edges of all the journal website. The next planned Intersec ons,” engages with key kinds. The theme also invites work that issue will be tled “Religion, Gender debates surrounding the interplay queers gender and sexual binaries. How and Migra on” and is expected to be between dynamics of educa on, work, can we historicize emergent, residual, published in Spring 2013. The editors employment and society in the context and ongoing gender constructs such as will be Louise Ryan and Elena Vacchelli of crisis, upheaval and cutbacks, which “masculine” and “feminine” as well as from Middlesex University, London, U.K. reconfi gure axes of intersec onal gender performances, sexual prac ces, Furthermore, the editors of Religion inequali es. In considering diversity in and social iden fi ca ons that challenge and Gender have planned the following educa on, this conference will explore binary modes of gender and sexuality? themes for upcoming issues to be the rela onship between new equality Subthemes include: Borders, Encounters, published in 2013 and 2014: “Religion, regimes and con nued educa onal Confl ict Zones, and Memory; Law, Gender and Postsecularism” (2013), inequali es, exploring organiza onal Family, Courts, Criminality, and Prisons; “Religion, Gender and Visual Culture” ambivalence, change and resistance. Bodies, Health, Medical Technologies, (2014), and “Religion, Gender and It will ask important ques ons about and Science; Indigenous Histories Postcoloniality” (2014). Publishers would the role of feminist research at a me and Indigenous Worlds; and Poli cs, like to hear from individuals who are when educa on and its variously Religion/Beliefs, and Global Feminisms. interested in co-edi ng one of the above placed subjects (academics, pupils, See the website for more details about men oned special issues. They would students, and policy makers) wrestle submission. also like to hear from individuals who with the commitments and conten ons may have sugges ons for authors that in “doing” diversity and “being” Make Every Woman Count (MEWC) could provide valuable contribu ons to diverse. We welcome proposals for Blog these issues or sugges ons for following papers, workshops and symposia from Women’s Rights and Empowerment in special issues on the occasion of relevant academics, teachers, prac oners and Africa mee ngs, symposiums, conferences, etc. policymakers. See website for desired Deadline: Rolling topics. nyurl.com/8qcsv CALLSCALLS FORFOR PAPERSPAPERS 2277 OOnlinenline RResourcesesources

Center for Women’s Global posi ve gender outcomes. As a Gender their families, neighborhoods, and Leadership (CWGL) IFI Watcher, you will learn how to locate communi es. It comes from prac ce Blog: What does Human Rights have to vital informa on about IFI projects in that is varied, se ng new terms of do with It? your country, conduct gender analyses engagement between communi es and cwgl.tumblr.com/ of IFI projects, collaborate with Gender government on grassroots women’s The Center for Women’s Global Ac on and other network members in terms. The dialogue process transforms Leadership (CWGL) at Rutgers is excited your region and around the world, and our structural marginality in formal to announce the launch of a new blog: more. ins tu ons and address subtle forms of What does human rights have to do sexual discrimina on. 180pp. with it? This blog highlights current Governance and Social Development events addressing issues related to Resource Centre (GSDRC) Joto Afrika feminism, economic and social rights, Topic Guide on Gender Adap ng to Climate Change in Africa: and interna onal human rights tools, nyurl.com/bv4fr6r Mainstreaming Gender while introducing new resources and This new 129-page topic guide on gender nyurl.com/c5aqtat introspec ve discussions to grapple introduces some of the best recent The need to mainstream gender in with social jus ce challenges in the 21st literature on a wide range of gender response to the impacts of climate century. issues related to development and change is recognized globally. This is humanitarian work. The considera on of usually linked to diff eren al vulnerability Ford Foundation & Girls, Not Brides “gender” involves examining how social to climate change. Mainstreaming also Campaign norms and power structures aff ect the needs to include how climate change Child Marriage Interac ve Map lives of, and opportuni es available to, impacts gender rela ons, which in nyurl.com/cofanod diff erent groups of men and women, turn can determine the success of a The Ford Founda on along with the boys and girls. Funded by AusAID, the household’s or community’s adapta on Girls Not Brides campaign released guide highlights major cri cal debates, responses. CARE Interna onal’s a child marriage interac ve map, prac cal guidance, lessons learned and Adapta on Learning Program (ALP) examining 30 countries with high rates case studies. provides the editorial on this precise of child marriage. The website shows issue in the pan-African learning series. sta s cs by marriage age, legal age of Huairou Commission marriage, secondary educa on, maternal The Local-to-Local Dialogue Resource Nazra for Feminist Studies mortality rates and early childbearing. Manual: A guide for grassroots Manual on Women Human Rights Child marriage has devasta ng eff ects women-led engagement with local Defenders on girls, including impacts on their government and decision makers nyurl.com/8uqdyde health, educa on, earning power, and nyurl.com/753vduj The Women Human Rights Defenders independence. The sta s cs revealed L2L Dialogue combines women’s program at Nazra for Feminist Studies is on the website show that across the concerns with social change and launching its manual on Women Human developing world, one-third of girls are community mobiliza on. L2L Dialogue Rights Defenders (WHRDs). Rather than married by the age of 18, and one in fulfi lls the promise of women’s translate into Arabic manuals that have seven is married by the age of 15. empowerment as a change model. been produced by other organiza ons, Grassroots women’s work to map and the WHRD program opted to produce Gender Action analyze gender and power rela onships a manual that is especially tailored to Global Gender IFI Watcher Network becomes the founda on of their the Egyp an context. The manual is nyurl.com/c3472o5 strategies for reconfi guring these in Arabic but an English summary is Civil society groups are invited to join rela onships. L2L Dialogue ac vely available. The manual includes sec ons this new global network of “Gender IFI addresses both strategic and prac cal on Egyp an legisla on and military Watchers” to help hold Interna onal concerns by confron ng exis ng verdicts that are used to constrain public Financial Ins tu ons (IFIs) accountable power structures at all levels. L2L ac on; a background of the unique for their nega ve gender impacts. Dialogue’s emphasis on local reali es viola ons commi ed against WHRDs Launched at the 2012 AWID Forum brings grassroots women’s concerns to and why the situa on of WHRDs should by Gender Ac on, this network also light. Their priori es are grounded in be paid special a en on to; regional enables ac vists to collec vely ensure specifi c and concrete issues that aff ect and interna onal mechanisms that

2288 WHRDs can u lize to report viola ons United Nations areas of concern of the Beijing Pla orm commi ed against them; and, fi nally, Womenwatch for Ac on, sta s cs and indicators, security ps that can be of special use h p://www.un.org/womenwatch/ gender mainstreaming and online during perilous circumstances. Womenwatch is the central gateway clearinghouses on themes currently on to informa on and resources on the the United Na ons global agenda, such Poverty Research Archive promo on of gender equality and the as climate change. Recent developments povertyarchive.weitzenegger.de empowerment of women throughout also include UNGENews, a real- me The Poverty Research Archive may the United Na ons system, including news feed of all United Na ons news be used as a search tool for ge ng the United Na ons En ty for Gender on gender equality and empowerment results related to poverty research and Equality and the Empowerment of of women. Mul lingual sec ons of ac on. The search covers more than 70 Women (UN Women), the United Womenwatch are currently being websites, which were selected for their Na ons Secretariat, regional developed, with the objec ve to make excellent content on poverty reduc on commissions, funds, programs, the Womenwatch directory of resources research and prac ce. The list of sources specialized agencies, and academic as mul lingual as possible, i.e. available covers the major poverty research and research ins tu ons. The portal in all UN offi cial working languages, ins tu ons. contains a directory of resources on English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese selected topics including the cri cal and Russian. BBookook RRevieweview

Doing Feminist Theory: From Modernity to Postmodernity, by Susan Archer Mann. 2012, 475 pages. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. Reviewed by Anna Green, Graduate Student, Department of English, Michigan State University.

A refreshingly transparent and comprehensive account of US feminist theory, Doing Feminist Theory: From Modernity to Postmodernity dis lls a mul tude of theore cal voices as well as numerous complex sociohistorical movements into a readable yet mul faceted textbook. A self-pronounced teaching resource “designed for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in feminist theory,” Mann’s clear and straigh orward organiza on, including highlighted vocabulary words with corresponding glossary at the end of the book, aims to make feminist theory accessible to scholars of all levels and all disciplines not only by laying out the underlying ideology of feminist theory but also by posi oning feminist theory in rela on to numerous other theore cal fi elds including but not limited to ecocri cism, Marxism, and anarchism (xvi). Diff eren a ng her methodology from other accounts of feminism, Mann focuses on the historical interconnectedness and responsiveness of various feminist movements while also paying special a en on to the individuality of various, less visible movements included under the umbrella of feminism that are too frequently relegated to the periphery. Mann’s text is divided into three sec ons each of which builds upon the preceding chapters to reiterate concepts and fi gures. It is in this a en on to the par culari es rather than generali es of the feminist movement that Mann’s text fi nds its strength and power of interven on. The fi rst sec on of Mann’s text, en tled “Modern Feminist Thought” tracks the birth and rise of visible feminism in a necessarily conven onal, chronological fashion. Because this sec on acts as the founda on for Mann’s later explora on of the dialogues between diff erent feminist ideologies, explicitly drawing the connec ons between feminist fi gureheads and theore cal giants, this sec on will be most useful to those students requiring an introduc on to the general arc of US feminisms. Even as she explores early feminism, however, Mann inten onally and consistently revisits the condi ons experienced by diff erent types of feminism most explicitly a ending to the hardships and marginaliza on experienced by black feminists in par cular. The pedagogical approach expressed in this sort of move forces students to perform a close reading of history so that they might recognize the façade of a united feminist front and instead see the numerous schisms created by historically specifi c bigotry and bias; though women were (and con nue to be) vic mized by patriarchy, within feminism, women were also vic mized by one another. Elizabeth Cady Stanton crusaded for Women’s Suff rage but she also openly endorsed measures that sought to prevent non-white, lower class and uneducated individuals from vo ng. Though Mann is clearly not invested in en rely overthrowing these feminist icons, her text exposes these less visible histories within the context of mainstream, white, upper-class feminism to draw a en on to the problema c nature of imagining a single, linear narra ve of “the” feminist movement. Predictably taking up the agenda sketched out in the introduc on and fi rst sec on of the book, the next two sec ons engage more seriously with Mann’s inten on to elucidate the presence and analyze the cultural and historical eff ects of more peripheral feminist movements. Reitera ng fi gures briefl y contextualized in the fi rst sec on, Mann’s second sec on, “Feminist Thought 2299 A er Taking the Postmodern Turn,” more explicitly situates the work of prominent yet mainstream-resistant feminists like Audre Lorde and bell hooks within the context of their respec ve theore cal perspec ves and movements. Devo ng much more a en on to the contemporary precursors to debates within current feminisms, Mann specifi cally a ends to diff erent approaches to reproduc ve rights, the rise of various feminisms that denounced the Anglo-centric approach of mainstream feminism and the increasing visibility of the queer community. Similarly, Mann’s last sec on “Theory Applica ons—Bridging the Local and the Global: Feminist Discourses on Colonialism, Imperialism and Globaliza on,” a empts to transfer an apprecia on of the par culari es of U.S. feminism into a global se ng by outlining the problema c, poten ally imperial, nature of imposing Western feminisms onto other na ons and cultures. Because Mann explicitly lays out feminism’s rela onship with and indebtedness to numerous other theore cal movements, educators will fi nd this text helpful both as an introduc on to feminism and to theory more generally. Doing Feminist Theory also helpfully provides numerous avenues for further study and inquiry, including “Feminist Theory Timeline” at the end of the book, lis ng prominent feminist scholarship beginning with Mary Wollstonecra . To be clear however, this is certainly a text for those students who are truly beginners in feminist theory; more advanced students may be piqued by Mann’s purposeful repe on of events, fi gures and concepts as well as her tendency to include words in the glossary presumably understood by students with experience in theory. The characteris cs that make this book inappropriate for most graduate students and some advanced undergraduates are precisely those that make the book ideal for novices, using reinforcement to encourage conceptual assimila on. What makes this project so important is Mann’s insistence that learning “feminist theory” necessarily entails learning about marginalized feminisms alongside mainstream feminism. Her approach is one that refuses to priori ze or validate the history of one group over another and though this is certainly destabilizing for people unfamiliar with the intricacies of feminism and theory more generally the text holds readers accountable for thinking cri cally about their own rela onship to issues raised. Mann’s iden fi ca on and analysis of numerous na onal and poli cal movements—globaliza on, U.S. war me involvement, economic recession and depression—links issues not intui vely ed to the feminist movement in order to demonstrate the extent to which feminisms are indeed products of their environment and historical moment. Because feminism, as a whole, engages so completely with the movements that shape American society and through it, the en re world, Mann’s lingering implica on is that no one can or should be excluded from the ques ons and cultural debates framed by diff erent perspec ves within feminism.

Women’s Sexuali es and Masculini es in a Globalizing Asia, edited by Saskia E. Wieringa, Evelyn Blackwood, and Abha Bhaiya. 2007, 279 pages. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY. Reviewed by Abdulhamit Arvas, Doctoral Student, Department of English, Michigan State University.

Women’s Sexuali es and Masculini es in a Globalizing Asia, an edited volume of ar cles by ac vists and academic scholars from various disciplines, challenges essen alist and unifying Euro-Western feminist and queer arguments about gender and sexuality in Asia by off ering a deconstruc ve analysis of sexual subjec vi es of so-called lesbian women with a closer a en on to the local histories, the socioeconomic reali es, everyday experiences, and the transforma ve eff ect of globaliza on in the emergence and refusal of sexual iden es in Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia, and Hong Kong. It is obvious in all these geographical spaces that there is a paradigm shi in the twen eth century in terms of categorizing women according to their sexual experiences through the use of Western discourses on sexuality based on a heterosexual/homosexual dichotomy, and in par cular, the transla ons of early sexologists’ works into other languages as well as into the contemporary sociocultural life as hegemonic devices. In spite of the western infl uence in the emergence of these sexual categories in these contexts, the editors of the book call forth a transna onal feminist posi on to avoid generalizing, universalizing, and essen alizing claims of a global sexual experience. At this point, they challenge global queer discourses and avoid using the term “queer” by sugges ng that a transna onal feminist lens is the best way of “decolonizing global queer studies” (3) through a crosscultural and mul racial recogni on of sexual par culari es and geosocial specifi ci es. This book has four parts with twelve ar cles. Part I, “Historical Legacies,” presents two ar cles addressing the historical legacies of same-sex rela ons among women in Japanese and Indian history. Saskia E. Wieringa’s “Silence, Sin, and the System: Women’s Same-sex Prac ces in Japan,” traces androgyny, transgenderism, and same-sex rela ons among women in cultural and religious texts in Japanese history. Poin ng up to strong gender segrega on in Japanese society, Wieringa inves gates the deep layers

3300 BBOOKOOK RREVIEWEVIEW of feelings like shame, sin, and guilt surrounding lesbians in today’s Japan. Consequently, she aims to reveal the historical image of masculine women to historicize this image. Through the 14th c. religious tradi ons and prac ces like Shintoism or Buddhism, the 10th c. Japanese novel, and shunga depic ons from the Edo period. The second ar cle in this part is Kanchana Natarajan’s reading of gender dynamics in classical Indian philosophy and their subversion in folk tales, par cularly the Tamil folk legend Alliyarasanimalai. Natarajan shows how classical philosophical, religious, and historical texts build social and familial organiza on upon not only caste but also gender hierarchy and inequality, and how some folk tales subvert these views and prac ces of construc ng gendered spaces. Following the historical contexts, the second part addresses the ques on of subjec vity, and the process of naming, renaming, construc ng, and reconstruc ng in the prac ces of dominant gender regimes with rela on to religious and state poli cs. Abha Bhaiya strikingly writes about the age-old female bonding existent in the subcon nent of South Asia, while at the same me protests that same-sex love “is not the alterna ve but integral to what is everyday mainstream;” and ques ons the imposi on of universal categories—i.e. straight, lesbian, gay—which, according to her, “may deprive us of the access to a rich, plural, diverse, and celebratory history of social, sensual, and spiritual bonding” (75). Another exemplary prescrip on of sexual categories is demonstrated by Peichen Wu’s analysis of the appearance of the western sexual jargon and pathologies regarding the sexual discourse in the early twen eth century Japan, together with the s gma za on of the members of Seito Society as abnormal, deviant, and invert lesbians who challenged and overturned the emergent sexual discourse and heterosexual ideology that propagates dichotomous gender roles with the slogan of “good wives, wise mothers” by media, specialists, poli cians, and sexologists. Shermal Wijewardene, on the other hand, looks into Sri Lanka and explores “trans” women’s refusal of using western labels and their search for alterna ve forms of self-defi ni on as a means to frame their diff erences in Sri Lankan culture. The third part, “Female Masculini es,” blurs the line between local and global. The contributors suggest that female masculinity in an Asian context is a not a product of “premodern” sexuali es, but the very product of their own spa al specifi city in dialogue with sundry discourses—local, global, ethnic, religious, economic, and state. While Megan Sinnot inves gates the forma on of a na onal Thai language discourse on sexual iden es, par cularly the emergence of “tom” and “dee” iden es in the 1970s, Sharyn Graham Davies examines how some female-born individuals in Bugis society refuse to iden fy as man, or woman, or any other categories, but use terms like “calalai” or hunter, and how these individuals nego ate their gender iden es with Islamic, local, and na onal discourses on gender ideals. Similarly, Franco Lai examines lesbian masculini es and the paradoxical situa on of tomboys as socially tolerated yet undesirable individuals in Hong Kong together with the nego a on process between tomboys, the lesbian community, and Hong Kong society. The last chapter of this part is Evelyn Blackwood’s argument on transna onal sexuali es, and the dominant and alterna ve sexual discourses circula ng in Indonesia. For Blackwood, sexual iden es are a part of both na onal and transna onal discourses, and “lesbi” subjec vi es in Indonesia are not only a product of queer discourses, but also of modern state, Islamic and socioeconomic condi ons. Although these lesbi subjec vi es in Padang do not use linguis c markers as means of self-iden fi ca on, the na onal and interna onal circula ons of these labels generate “in-group” usages by signifying an imagined space and shared world. Lastly, the fourth part, “Silencing and Modes of Invisibility,” addresses the silencing and invisibility of women’s sexuali es, and provides accounts of the emerging women groups which put local sexual iden es in a dialogue with interna onal movements though fi lms, Internet, and other media technologies. Abha Bhaiya visits the Indian fi lm Fire which raised violent controversies regarding same-sex women rela ons in India, and interrogates expressions and denials of female sexuality, no ons of ci zenship, and the use of culture as a cons tu ve and disciplinary means to challenge women’s rights. In the next chapter Jennifer Robertson suggests how homosexual double suicides or love suicides in Imperial Japan are reac ons to gender roles sanc oned by the state as well as means of self-expression of love. Her reading of these suicides as symbolic death of the tradi onal Japanese women together with Meiji period moderniza on, industrializa on, and westerniza on demonstrates that na on building and the reconstruc on of gender are intrinsically interlinked with one another. Finally, Maya Sharma ends this part with her study on life stories of working-class lesbian women in Northern India, and the empowerment of women movements in India. As the diversity of contexts and the diff erent methodologies from various disciplines evince, this book is an invaluable contribu on to compara ve, postcolonial, transna onal feminist and queer scholarship. Although I agree with their arguments regarding the essen alizing and unifying a tude of global queer discourses, this claim by no means can be generalized to all queer scholarship. I believe that such a robust project as this work would have been even richer if some queer theorists, who are well aware of sexual par culari es and local specifi ci es, were brought into the discussions, par cularly on sexuality as a socially and historically constructed product. Overall, this book is a tremendous step towards transna onal and compara ve studies regarding not only women’s sexuali es, but all sexuality studies, and is no doubt a great companion for any scholars and students interested in women, masculini es, and sexuali es in a globalizing Asia.

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