DOCSLIB.ORG

SEIRIDIUM CANKER of LEYLAND CYPRESS Dr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SEIRIDIUM CANKER of LEYLAND CYPRESS Dr FACT SHEET SEIRIDIUM CANKER OF LEYLAND CYPRESS Dr. Yonghao Li Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Leyland cypress (× Cupressocyparis even the trunk. The first evidence of leylandii) is a fast-growing conifer that has Seiridium canker is a browning or a been widely grown to form hedges, reddening of the surface of stems. This is windbreaks, and barriers in commercial and followed by the development of sunken, residential landscapes. Unfortunately, dark-brown cankers that may girdle the Leyland cypress is very susceptible to a small branches and cause dieback (Figure fungal disease called Seiridium canker-- the 1). Seiridium cankers are often thinly increased popularity of planting this conifer elongated and show dark-brown to purplish in the landscape has led to substantial discolorations of stem tissues. Exuding increases in the incidence of this disease. resin may also be observed on the surface of Seiridium canker can cause branch dieback, infected areas (Figure 2). Small, black damage to the main trunk, and may fungal fruiting bodies may be visible on eventually kill the tree. Physical injuries, symptomatic tissues (Figure 3). If the such as drought stress and winter damage, pathogen grows into the main trunk and can result in Leyland cypress trees becoming forms cankers, the entire tree can be killed. more vulnerable to the disease. DISEASE DEVELOPMENT SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSTICS Three Seiridium species, S. cardinal, S. The pathogen can infect stems, limbs, and cupressi, and S. unicorne, are associated Figure 1. Browning of needles above the dark- Figure 2. Resin oozing from the infected area brown canker lesion on the stem. and discoloration of cambium tissues. Seiridium Canker of Leyland Cypress Y. Li The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (www.ct.gov/caes) 1 MANAGEMENT Alternative tree species: In areas where Seiridium canker has been a problem, resistant tree species such as Thuja ‘Green Giant’ and T. occidentalis ‘Smaragd’ should be selected for replacement of screens and hedges. Design landscapes using different tree species and cultivars to maintain genetic diversity and to prevent disease outbreaks. Cultural practices: Plant Leyland cypress in well-drained soil. Maintain tree vigor by Figure 3. Spores (conidia) released from black watering trees during periods of heat and fungal fruiting bodies (pycnidia). drought. Avoid overhead irrigation to reduce the risk of disease spread. Space plants with Seiridium canker diseases. They have adequately to improve air circulation and to wide host ranges that include many species prevent rubbing between branches. Scout for in the genera Chamaecyparis, Cryptomeria, the disease and correctly identify the Cupressus, Juniperus, Libocedrus, pathogen, which is important for effective Platycladus, Taxodium, and Thuja. The disease management. When the disease is pathogens can survive in infected branches found, prune infected branches about 3 to 4 and trunks for many years. When inches below the cankered area. Disinfect environmental conditions are moist and wet pruning tools with either 10% household during the growing season, spores (conidia) bleach or 70% alcohol. Severely affected are released from fungal fruiting bodies trees should be removed from the area. (pycnidia). These spores are locally dispersed by splashing water from rain and Fungicide application: Currently, fungicides overhead irrigation. The pathogen also can are not effective for controlling this disease. be spread by contaminated pruning tools, movement of infected plant materials, and February 2015 insects. The pathogens infect stem tissues through wounds that are caused by winter Dr. Yonghao Li damage, insects, or other mechanical The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment injuries. The optimal temperature for disease Station development is 77F. During the hottest Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology months of the year, growth of S. cardinal in 123 Huntington Street, P.O. Box 1106 host tissues is slow or even arrested. Plants New Haven, CT 06504 that are stressed by drought and freeze damage are particularly vulnerable to the E-mail: [email protected] disease. Severe damage is most likely on Phone: (203) 974-8601 sites with dry weather and high daytime Website: www.ct.gov/caes temperatures, although wet conditions are required for spore dispersal and infection. Seiridium Canker of Leyland Cypress Y. Li 2 The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (www.ct.gov/caes) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana: Lawson Falsecypress1 Edward F
    ENH313 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana: Lawson Falsecypress1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 Introduction General Information Often seen at 40 to 60 feet tall by 15 feet wide in its culti- Scientific name: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana vated form, this North American native can soar to heights Pronunciation: kam-eh-SIP-uh-riss law-so-nee-AY-nuh of 100 to 150 feet in the wild. The massive, thick trunk and Common name(s): Lawson falsecypress, Port Orford cedar formal, upright, conical silhouette is softened by the gently Family: Cupressaceae weeping tips of the short, upright branches. The flattened, USDA hardiness zones: 5B through 7B (Fig. 2) dark blue-green branchlets have a delicate, almost fern-like Origin: native to North America appearance, and are nicely complemented by the rough, Invasive potential: little invasive potential deeply furrowed, reddish-brown bark. Available in a wide Uses: specimen; screen; bonsai variety of forms and bluish foliage colors, Lawson falsecy- Availability: not native to North America press still remains today an important timber trees from the Pacific Northwest. But it is rare in the nursery trade and probably not well adapted to most landscapes. Figure 2. Range Description Height: 40 to 60 feet Spread: 15 to 25 feet Crown uniformity: symmetrical Figure 1. Mature Chamaecyparis lawsoniana: Lawson Falsecypress 1. This document is ENH313, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 1993. Reviewed May 2014. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Edward F. Gilman, professor, Environmental Horticulture Department; Dennis G. Watson, former associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville FL 32611.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to the Life-History of Tetraclinis Articu- Lata, Masters, with Some Notes on the Phylogeny of the Cupressoideae and Callitroideae
    Contributions to the Life-history of Tetraclinis articu- lata, Masters, with some Notes on the Phylogeny of the Cupressoideae and Callitroideae. BY W. T. SAXTON, M.A., F.L.S., Professor of Botany at the Ahmedabad Institute of Science, India. With Plates XLIV-XLVI and nine Figures in the Text. INTRODUCTION. HE Gum Sandarach tree of Morocco and Algeria has been well known T to botanists from very early times. Some account of it is given by Hooker and Ball (20), who speak of the beauty and durability of the wood, and state that they consider the tree to be probably correctly identified with the Bvlov of the Odyssey (v. 60),1 and with the Ovlov and Ovia of Theo- phrastus (' Hist. PI.' v. 3, 7)/ as well as, undoubtedly, with the Citrus wood of the Romans. The largest trees met with by them, growing in an un- cultivated state, were about 30 feet high. The resin, known as sandarach, is stated to be collected by the Moors and exported to Europe, where it is used as a varnish. They quote Shaw (49 a and b) as having described and figured the tree under the name of Thuja articulata, in his ' Travels in Barbary'; this statement, however, is not accurate. In both editions of the work cited the plant is figured and described as ' Cupressus fructu quadri- valvi, foliis Equiseti instar articulatis '. Some interesting particulars of the use of the timber are given by Hansen (19), who also implies that the embryo has from three to six cotyledons. Both Hooker and Ball, and Hansen, followed by almost all others who have studied the plant, speak of it as Callitris qtiadrivalvis.
    [Show full text]
  • Extinction, Transoceanic Dispersal, Adaptation and Rediversification
    Turnover of southern cypresses in the post-Gondwanan world: Title extinction, transoceanic dispersal, adaptation and rediversification Crisp, Michael D.; Cook, Lyn G.; Bowman, David M. J. S.; Author(s) Cosgrove, Meredith; Isagi, Yuji; Sakaguchi, Shota Citation The New phytologist (2019), 221(4): 2308-2319 Issue Date 2019-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244041 © 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust; This is an open access article under the terms Right of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Research Turnover of southern cypresses in the post-Gondwanan world: extinction, transoceanic dispersal, adaptation and rediversification Michael D. Crisp1 , Lyn G. Cook2 , David M. J. S. Bowman3 , Meredith Cosgrove1, Yuji Isagi4 and Shota Sakaguchi5 1Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, RN Robertson Building, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton (Canberra), ACT 2601, Australia; 2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia; 3School of Natural Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia; 4Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; 5Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Summary Author for correspondence: Cupressaceae subfamily Callitroideae has been an important exemplar for vicariance bio- Michael D. Crisp geography, but its history is more than just disjunctions resulting from continental drift. We Tel: +61 2 6125 2882 combine fossil and molecular data to better assess its extinction and, sometimes, rediversifica- Email: [email protected] tion after past global change.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Native Trees and Large Shrubs for the Washington, D.C. Area
    Green Spring Gardens 4603 Green Spring Rd ● Alexandria ● VA 22312 Phone: 703-642-5173 ● TTY: 703-803-3354 www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/greenspring NON - NATIVE TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS ­ FOR THE WASHINGTON, D.C. AREA ­ Non-native trees are some of the most beloved plants in the landscape due to their beauty. In addition, these trees are grown for the shade, screening, structure, and landscape benefits they provide. Deciduous trees, whose leaves die and fall off in the autumn, are valuable additions to landscapes because of their changing interest throughout the year. Evergreen trees are valued for their year-round beauty and shelter for wildlife. Evergreens are often grouped into two categories, broadleaf evergreens and conifers. Broadleaf evergreens have broad, flat leaves. They also may have showy flowers, such as Camellia oleifera (a large shrub), or colorful fruits, such as Nellie R. Stevens holly. Coniferous evergreens either have needle-like foliage, such as the lacebark pine, or scale-like foliage, such as the green giant arborvitae. Conifers do not have true flowers or fruits but bear cones. Though most conifers are evergreen, exceptions exist. Dawn redwood, for example, loses its needles each fall. The following are useful definitions: Cultivar (cv.) - a cultivated variety designated by single quotes, such as ‘Autumn Gold’. A variety (var.) or subspecies (subsp.), in contrast, is found in nature and is a subdivision of a species (a variety of Cedar of Lebanon is listed). Full Shade - the amount of light under a dense deciduous tree canopy or beneath evergreens. Full Sun - at least 6 hours of sun daily.
    [Show full text]
  • Seiridium Canker of Cypress Trees in Arizona Jeff Schalau
    ARIZONA COOPERATIVE E TENSION AZ1557 January 2012 Seiridium Canker of Cypress Trees in Arizona Jeff Schalau Introduction Leyland cypress (x Cupressocyparis leylandii) is a fast- growing evergreen that has been widely planted as a landscape specimen and along boundaries to create windbreaks or privacy screening in Arizona. The presence of Seiridium canker was confirmed in Prescott, Arizona in July 2011 and it is suspected that the disease occurs in other areas of the state. Seiridium canker was first identified in California’s San Joaquin Valley in 1928. Today, it can be found in Europe, Asia, New Zealand, Australia, South America and Africa on plants in the cypress family (Cupressaceae). Leyland cypress, Monterey cypress, (Cupressus macrocarpa) and Italian cypress (C. sempervirens) are highly susceptible and can be severely impacted by this disease. Since Leyland and Italian cypress have been widely planted in Arizona, it is imperative that Seiridium canker management strategies be applied and suitable resistant tree species be recommended for planting in the future. The Pathogen Seiridium canker is known to be caused by three different fungal species: Seiridium cardinale, S. cupressi and S. unicorne. S. cardinale is the most damaging of the three species and is SCHALAU found in California. S. unicorne and S. cupressi are found in the southeastern United States where the primary host is JEFF Leyland cypress. All three species produce asexual fruiting Figure 1. Leyland cypress tree with dead branch (upper left) and main leader bodies (acervuli) in cankers. The acervuli produce spores caused by Seiridium canker. (conidia) which spread by water, human activity (pruning and transport of infected plant material), and potentially insects, birds and animals to neighboring trees where new Symptoms and Signs infections can occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Cupressaceae Calocedrus Decurrens Incense Cedar
    Cupressaceae Calocedrus decurrens incense cedar Sight ID characteristics • scale leaves lustrous, decurrent, much longer than wide • laterals nearly enclosing facials • seed cone with 3 pairs of scale/bract and one central 11 NOTES AND SKETCHES 12 Cupressaceae Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Port Orford cedar Sight ID characteristics • scale leaves with glaucous bloom • tips of laterals on older stems diverging from branch (not always too obvious) • prominent white “x” pattern on underside of branchlets • globose seed cones with 6-8 peltate cone scales – no boss on apophysis 13 NOTES AND SKETCHES 14 Cupressaceae Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white cedar Sight ID characteristics • branchlets slender, irregularly arranged (not in flattened sprays). • scale leaves blue-green with white margins, glandular on back • laterals with pointed, spreading tips, facials closely appressed • bark fibrous, ash-gray • globose seed cones 1/4, 4-5 scales, apophysis armed with central boss, blue/purple and glaucous when young, maturing in fall to red-brown 15 NOTES AND SKETCHES 16 Cupressaceae Callitropsis nootkatensis Alaska yellow cedar Sight ID characteristics • branchlets very droopy • scale leaves more or less glabrous – little glaucescence • globose seed cones with 6-8 peltate cone scales – prominent boss on apophysis • tips of laterals tightly appressed to stem (mostly) – even on older foliage (not always the best character!) 15 NOTES AND SKETCHES 16 Cupressaceae Taxodium distichum bald cypress Sight ID characteristics • buttressed trunks and knees • leaves
    [Show full text]
  • Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual
    PB 1854 Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual 1 Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual Contributing Authors Alan B. Galloway Area Farm Management Specialist [email protected] Megan Bruch Leffew Marketing Specialist [email protected] Dr. David Mercker Extension Forestry Specialist [email protected] Foreword The authors are indebted to the author of the original Production of Christmas Trees in Tennessee (Bulletin 641, 1984) manual by Dr. Eyvind Thor. His efforts in promoting and educating growers about Christmas tree production in Tennessee led to the success of many farms and helped the industry expand. This publication builds on the base of information from the original manual. The authors appreciate the encouragement, input and guidance from the members of the Tennessee Christmas Tree Growers Association with a special thank you to Joe Steiner who provided his farm schedule as a guide for Chapter 6. The development and printing of this manual were made possible in part by a USDA specialty crop block grant administered through the Tennessee Department of Agriculture. The authors thank the peer review team of Dr. Margarita Velandia, Dr. Wayne Clatterbuck and Kevin Ferguson for their keen eyes and great suggestions. While this manual is directed more toward new or potential choose-and-cut growers, it should provide useful information for growers of all experience levels and farm sizes. Parts of the information presented will become outdated. It is recommended that prospective growers seek additional information from their local University of Tennessee Extension office and from other Christmas tree growers. 2 Tennessee Christmas Tree Production Manual Contents Chapter 1: Beginning the Planning ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana in Europe: Distribution, Habitat, Usage and Threats
    Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Chamaecyparis lawsoniana in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats T. Houston Durrant, G. Caudullo The conifer Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl.) is native to a small area in North America. Variable in form, there are over 200 cultivars selected for horticultural purposes. It has been planted in many countries in Europe, usually as an ornamental, although the timber is also of good quality. It has been severely affected in its native range by root rot disease, and this has now spread to the European population. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl., known as Lawson cypress, or Port Orford cedar in the United States, is a Frequency large conifer native to North America. It belongs to the family < 25% 25% - 50% Cupressaceae, and is sometimes referred to as a “false-cypress” 50% - 75% to distinguish it from other cypresses in the family. It is long- > 75% lived (more than 600 years) and can reach heights of up to 50 m (exceptionally up to 70 m in its native range) and a diameter exceeding 2 m1, 2. The tree is narrowly columnar with slender, down-curving branches; frequently with forked stems. The bark is silvery-brown, becoming furrowed and very thick with age giving mature trees good fire resistance2, 3. The wood is highly aromatic with a distinctive ginger-like odour, as is the foliage which has a parsley-like scent when crushed3, 4. The evergreen scale-like leaves are around 2-3 mm long5. Abundant, round pea-sized cones ripen in autumn with seed dispersal occurring immediately after and continuing until the following spring6.
    [Show full text]
  • Chamaecyparis Obtusa Hinoki Falsecypress1 Edward F
    Fact Sheet ST-156 November 1993 Chamaecyparis obtusa Hinoki Falsecypress1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION This broad, sweeping, conical-shaped evergreen has graceful, flattened, fern-like branchlets which gently droop at branch tips (Fig. 1). Hinoki Falsecypress reaches 50 to 75 feet in height with a spread of 10 to 20 feet, has dark green foliage, and attractive, shredding, reddish-brown bark which peels off in long narrow strips. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Chamaecyparis obtusa Pronunciation: kam-eh-SIP-uh-riss ob-TOO-suh Common name(s): Hinoki Falsecypress Family: Cupressaceae USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 8A (Fig. 2) Origin: not native to North America Uses: Bonsai; screen Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree DESCRIPTION Height: 40 to 75 feet Spread: 10 to 20 feet Crown uniformity: symmetrical canopy with a regular (or smooth) outline, and individuals have more or less identical crown forms Figure 1. Mature Hinoki Falsecypress. Crown shape: pyramidal Crown density: dense Foliage Growth rate: medium Texture: fine Leaf arrangement: opposite/subopposite Leaf type: simple Leaf margin: entire 1. This document is adapted from Fact Sheet ST-156, a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: November 1993. 2. Edward F. Gilman, associate professor, Environmental Horticulture Department; Dennis G. Watson, associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611. Chamaecyparis obtusa -- Hinoki Falsecypress Page 2 Figure 2. Shaded area represents potential planting range.
    [Show full text]
  • The Taxonomic Position and the Scientific Name of the Big Tree Known As Sequoia Gigantea
    The Taxonomic Position and the Scientific Name of the Big Tree known as Sequoia gigantea HAROLD ST. JOHN and ROBERT W. KRAUSS l FOR NEARLY A CENTURY it has been cus­ ing psychological document, but its major,ity tomary to classify the big tree as Sequoia gigan­ vote does not settle either the taxonomy or tea Dcne., placing it in the same genus with the nomenclature of the big tree. No more the only other living species, Sequoia semper­ does the fact that "the National Park Service, virens (Lamb.) End!., the redwood. Both the which has almost exclusive custodY of this taxonomic placement and the nomenclature tree, has formally adopted the name Sequoia are now at issue. Buchholz (1939: 536) pro­ gigantea for it" (Dayton, 1943: 210) settle posed that the big tree be considered a dis­ the question. tinct genus, and he renamed the tree Sequoia­ The first issue is the generic status of the dendron giganteum (Lind!.) Buchholz. This trees. Though the two species \differ con­ dassification was not kindly received. Later, spicuously in foliage and in cone structure, to obtain the consensus of the Calif.ornian these differences have long been generally botanists, Dayton (1943: 209-219) sent them considered ofspecific and notofgeneric value. a questionnaire, then reported on and sum­ Sequoiadendron, when described by Buchholz, marized their replies. Of the 29 answering, was carefully documented, and his tabular 24 preferred the name Sequoia gigantea. Many comparison contains an impressive total of of the passages quoted show that these were combined generic and specific characters for preferences based on old custom or sentiment, his monotypic genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Cypress Species Choice and Minimising the Risk of Canker
    GROWING CYPRESSES FOR TIMBER Species choice and minimising the risk of canker Information Note 1 Cypresses have long been a favourite alternative to radiata pine for New Zealand’s farm foresters, small-scale plantation owners, and some large-scale growers. IN GENERAL, CYPRESSES: • Are a versatile species with proven performance both as a timber producer and as a shelter species. • Produce versatile timber of relatively high value (compared with radiata pine) that is very easy to saw and dry, and has many end uses. • Grow best on moderately fertile, well- drained, sheltered sites, but with careful species and genotype (seedlot) selection will perform well on a reasonably wide range of sites. • Produce their best timber on sheltered sites. 18-year old Cupressus macrocarpa. • Produce quality timber even as young trees, unlike radiata pine. • Have a reputation of being prone to canker. However this is chiefly a problem of C. macrocarpa, and Leyland cypresses on warmer and exposed sites. Susceptibility to canker depends on site, species, and within any given species, the seedlot. Some seedlots are more resistant to canker than others of the same species. New more canker- resistant planting stock is becoming available. • Are prone to toppling on fertile sites, especially if poorly drained, and are particularly unstable on water-logged clay soils. • May cause abortion if foliage is eaten by pregnant cattle. Caution is advised. Cattle raised with access to cypresses tend not to eat the foliage. There is an established market for cypress timber based on ‘macrocarpa’ – a species widely planted throughout New Zealand for many decades, both in plantations and in farm shelter plantings.
    [Show full text]
  • Conifer Quarterly
    Conifer Quarterly Vol. 21 No. 2 Spring 2004 P hot os b y G ar y W hitt enbaugh Gary Whittenbaugh can’t resist incorporating Chamaecyparis into his Iowa garden, while at the same time he warns against becoming too attached to them. Read about these plants’ role in the Midwest on page 20. Shown here are (top) C. pisifera ‘Plumosa Compressa’ as a background plant, ‘Golden Mop’ in the fall (left) and Gary’s favorite,‘Snow.’ Grafting is an important part of conifer propagation, from the largest nurseries to the hobbyist plant collector. Review the basics of side grafting on page 30, as taught by expert George Okken. een r y G on T The Conifer Quarterly is the publication of The Conifer Society Contents Featured conifer genus: Chamaecyparis 6 Resurrecting Lawson Cypress for the 21st Century Tanya DeMarsh-Dodson 12 Seedling Conifers Offer Challenge and Variety Peter C. Jones 16 Origin, Distribution and Variation of Atlantic White-cedar Kristin Mylecraine and John Kuser 20 Reader Recommendations More features 24 Hands Across the Sea Derek Spicer 29 Obituary: Bob Tomayer 30 The Art and Science of Grafting: A Demonstration by George Okken Anne M. Brennan 38 One Acre in Rochester Gerald P. Kral Conifer Society voices 2 President’s Message 4 Editor’s Memo 15 Conifers on the Web 23 Puzzle Page 42 Central Region Builds on Past Success 43 Western Region Update 44 Northeast Region to Visit the “Flower City” 46 Southeast Region Announces Itinerary Cover photo: An unusually cold Pennsylvania winter melts away with the snow from Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Crippsii’,just as last year’s muted foliage will soon disappear behind the glowing golden spring flush for which this cultivar is known.
    [Show full text]