Signal & Telecom Signalling:

Advanced Signalling System To increase Efficiency as well as Safety in train operations, Advanced Signaling System with Route Relay / Panel / Electronic

Interlocking (PI/RRI/EI) along with Multi Aspect Colour Light Rains, clouds, mist - This signal on Konkan Signals have been progressively provided, covering more than Railway route enjoys it all 85% of Broad Gauge stations of Indian Railways, replacing Outdated Multi Cabin Mechanical Signaling system involving a large number of human interfaces. Complete Track Circuiting Complete Track Circuiting has been done upto 99.8% on A, B and C routes. Fouling Mark to Fouling Mark track circuiting on ‘A’, ‘B’ ‘C’, ‘D Special’ and ‘E Special’ routes, where Picture of LED based torch cum hand permissible speed is more than 75 kilometers per hour has been flashing Signal lamp—developed by completed. RDSO Block Proving Axle Counter To enhance safety, automatic verification of complete arrival of train, Block Proving Axle Counter (BPAC) is being provided at stations having centralized operation of points and signals. Automatic Block Signaling Signaling provides a low cost option by provision of Automatic Block Signalling for augmenting Line Capacity and reduce headway on existing High Density Routes on Indian Railways. Adoption of Proven Train Protection Technology Indian Railways plans to adopt proven train protection Picture of LED based Tail lamps to improve visibility & quality of existing lamp- technology like TPWS/ETCS on HDN routes and automatic developed by RDSO signalling territories to enhance safety and eliminate accidents caused by human error like ‘Signal Passing at Danger’ (SPAD) and over speeding. Train Collision Avoidance System Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is being developed indigenously by RDSO for collision prevention as well as protection against Signal Passing At Danger (SPAD) by loco pilot. RDSO has finalized the draft specifications of TCAS to develop a multi-vendor inter-operable system. Trials of pilot Display during Prevention of SPAD with Emergency Brake Application as developed systems are in progress on South Central Railway. by RDSO

INDIAN RAILWAYS ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2012-13 53 Train Management System Train Management System (TMS): TMS helps in real-time monitoring of trains in the control room. The arrival status of local trains is reflected on indicators installed on platforms in the form of a countdown (in minutes) to the train’s arrival on the platform is displayed on indicators, accompanied by automatic announcements on platforms. Picture of LED based Signal lamps provided at all stations on South East Specialized Training for Signalling & Telecommunication Central Railway, having Colour Light to staff and officers Signals Indian Railways Institute of Signal Engineering and Telecommunications (IRISET) was set up in 1957 to cater to specialized training needs of staff and officers in the field of Railway Signalling & Telecommunication (S&T). E-Learning network has been provided to connect IRISET with all S&T Training Centers of Zonal Railways for computer based interactive learning of trainees. The network has been augmented to provide distant learning wherein the classroom of IRISET is virtually extended to all Zonal S&T Training Centers. Interlocking with Signals at Level Crossing Gates. Accidents at Level Crossings have been a major area of concern. Indian Railways have provided interlocking with Signals at more than 10,000 Level Crossing Gates to enhance the safety at Level Crossings. Initiative has been taken to interlock Level Crossing Gate with Train Vehicle Units of 20,000 and above. Electrical Signaling Laboratory, IRISET Growth of Signalling Growth of deployment of Signalling on Indian Railways: As on 31st March 2013

Item Mar'02 Mar'04 Mar'06 Mar'08 Mar'10 Mar'12 Mar'13 Panel Interlocking (Stations) 2224 2692 2911 3462 3830 4079 4160 Route Relay Interlocking 183 197 219 223 255 257 265 (Stations) Electronic Interlocking 14 45 100 229 401 535 614 (Stations) PI/RRI/EI (Stations) 2421 2934 3230 3914 4486 4871 5039 MACLS (Stations) 3112 3508 4203 4673 5097 5391 5517 Track Circuiting (Locations) 17078 19593 22285 24567 27215 29201 29940 Block Proving Axle Counter 192 296 632 1437 2450 3410 3895 (Block sections) LED Lit Stations 62 268 865 1785 3549 4814 5131 Data logger (Stations) 459 813 1737 2690 3816 4773 5020 Automatic Signaling (Route 1336 1352 1479 1601 2020 2286 2435 Kms) Intermediate Block 140 154 164 185 342 397 426 Newly constructed Electronic Interlocking Signalling (Block sections) Building at Lumding, Northeast Frontier Railway Interlocked Gates (Nos) 6441 7006 7781 8428 9335 9983 10364

54 INDIAN RAILWAYS ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2012-13 Telecommunication

Telecommunication plays an important role in train control, operation and safety on IR. Indian Railways has set up a state of the art, nationwide telecom network for meeting its communication needs. RailTel, a Railways Central Public Sector Enterprise formed in September, 2000 is successfully exploiting

surplus capacity of IR Telecom network commercially. A view of Antenna for Broadband Internet on Running Trains Through Two-way As on March 2013, Indian Railways has about 42,099 Satellite Communication—developed by Route Kilometers of Optical Fibre Cable (OFC) that is carrying RDSO Gigabits of traffic. Railways Control Communication which is quintessential for train operation and control is also being transferred to OFC system. Till date control communication on 37,463 RKms has been shifted on OFC system. This OFC network is also contributing significantly in building National Knowledge Network through RailTel. It is also planning to provide Broadband connectivity to Panchayats through this OFC network. Indian Railways have decided to adopt Global System of Mobile Communication – Railways (GSM-R) based Mobile Train Radio Communication. The same has already been provided on 2,074 Route Kms and is being extended on the balance ‘A’,’B’ & ‘C’ routes. Indian Railways has its own satellite hub that is being utilized for connecting remote locations for Freight Operation Information System (FOIS), Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS), Disaster Management System as well as for other critical communication systems. Besides, IR works uses 13,116 data circuits that power its various data and voice networks across the country. Railways have also established its Multi-Protocol Level Switching (MPLS) based Next Generation Network (NGN) for voice traffic. This Next Generation Network (NGN) has been used to interconnect more than 100 exchanges of Railways carrying the administrative voice traffic. Common User Group (CUG) mobile phones have also been hired to enable communication while on move to enhance safety, reliability and productivity. IR is also using 1.29 lakh VHF walkie-talkie sets to ensure safety and enhance reliability. Internet has changed the way organizations work today. It is impacting almost all the activities of daily life today. Broadband

INDIAN RAILWAYS ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2012-13 55 and penetration are also taken as indicators of growth. Indian Railways has also embraced this technology and is using it effectively. It has recently provided broadband in all its major colonies in zonal and divisional headquarters. Telecom also plays a major role in ensuring passenger comfort. For the convenience of passengers, Train Information Traffic Position Control (TPC) Panel at RRI, Boards have been provided at 1,090 Stations, Public Address South Eastern Railway (PA) Systems at 4,328 stations and Coach Guidance System at 558 stations. RailTel Corporation is speeding the adoption of latest telecom technologies in Railways. Besides earning revenue from the spare capacity of Telecom Network of Railways, it is also modernizing the same. It has set up a state-of-art MPLS network that is used for providing Internet and l3-VPN services. The Enterprise WAN of Railway-Railnet Works as an L3-VPN on this MPLS network. It has also setup STM-4, STM-16, STM-64 and DWDM networks to carry data across the length and breadth of the country. It is involved in major Government projects like National Knowledge Networks & National OFC networks thereby contributing to the growth of the nation. RailTel has also set up a next-generation-network to carry voice across the country. Point-of-interconnect has been established with all major telecom operators of the country. All zonal and divisional railway exchanges have also been connected to the NGN thereby modernizing the Railways voice STD network. Vision 2020 envisages provision of Broad Band Internet facility on important mail/express trains. Accordingly, a pilot project to provide Broad Band Internet facility in Kolkata- New Delhi-Kolkata Rajdhani (3 rakes) was included into works program of 2010-2011. Broad Band Internet accesses to passengers have been provided using two way satellite hybrid with 2G/3G and Wi-Fi. The System consists of on-board satellite tracking antenna, multiband antenna and Wi-Fi broadcasting equipment for on-board last mile connectivity. The primary broad band link to back haul the internet traffic is established via satellite and in the event of non-availability of satellite the multi access router automatically switches from satellite to 2G/3G links to achieve 99% connectivity.

56 INDIAN RAILWAYS ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2012-13 Salient features of the System:-

Bandwidth:- yy Forward Link (downstream to train) = 4 Mbps Shared between three rakes yy Return Link (Upstream from train) = 512 kbps Per train Authentication of the User:- To comply with the DOT’s extant guidelines for user authentication for public Wi-Fi networks, a detail log in process has been put in place. Multi layered firewall protecting intrusion from either side is also available in the system. Important Telecom assets are tabulated below:- A view of modernised Relay Room of RRI, SN. Installation Units As on As on South Eastern Railway 31.03.2012 31.03.2013 1. Optical Fibre Cable RKms 40,332 42,099 2. Quad Cable RKms 47,181 52,338 3. Railway Telephone Subscribers Nos. 3,62,551 3,70,412 Lines 4. No. of Control Sections provided Nos. 316 322 with Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) control equipment 5. Mobile Train Radio communication System (Route Kms.):- a. GSM (R) based RKms 1,710 2,074 b. TETRA based RKms 53 53 6. Digital Microwave (7 GHz) RKms 5,937 4,444 7. Public Address System Nos. of Stns 4,098 4,328 8. Train Display Boards Nos. of Stns 1,090 1,090 9. Coach Guidance System Nos. of Stns 527 558 10. VHF Sets a. 5 Watt sets (Hand held) Nos. 1,20,218 1,29,019 b. 25 Watt sets (At Stations) Nos. 8,581 8,840 11. V SAT Nos. 1,196 1,196 12. Railnet Connections Nos. 1,08,765 1,11,124 13. UTS/PRS Circuits Nos. 8,556 9,439 14. FOIS Circuits Nos. 1,789 2,008

15. NGN & Exchange Circuits Nos. 2,429 2,429 Transmission System Laboratory, IRISET

INDIAN RAILWAYS ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS 2012-13 57