BLACK HISTORY NEWS & NOTES

FEBRUARY 2005 NUMBER 99 Stanley Warren: Educator The Stanley Warren Collection collection contains a sample of those (M0708) at the Indiana Historical columns. Society is contained in two Warren wrote and was the subject manuscript boxes. It is arranged by of numerous newspaper articles. subject heading and pertains to a Many of those articles are in box 1. retired Indiana educator. There is a The collection contains several photograph of Warren as a young typed and written manuscripts about anthropology student at an various subjects. There is archaeological dig. While in grade information Warren wrote about school in 1943, Warren was a different aspects of the history of participant on a radio show about African American students at gardens. A transcript of his radio DePauw University. Of particular interview is in the collection. note is a lengthy manuscript entitled Warren has been an advocate for “Public Schools for Black Children: several causes. Much of that .” Many of the advocacy is evident in his manuscripts were published, some correspondence. There are letters to were not. Most of the manuscripts and from students; a letter to former pertain to educational topics, Indianapolis mayor William H. including student rights, higher A former Indiana Historical Society Hudnut requesting that a proposed education, teacher education, and board member, Warren worked with velodrome be named in honor of public schools. archivist, Pam Tranfield, and Marshall “Major” Taylor; and For many years Warren was a several community volunteers to correspondence recommending secondary teacher with the help identify images in the John J. Oliver, an early African Indianapolis Public Schools (IPS) Indianapolis Recorder Collection American student and Rector system. There are several folders (P0303). Scholar at DePauw University (class that relate to the African American of 1934), to the Journalism Hall of elementary schools in the system. Warren contributed to many Fame. The velodrome was There are numerous visuals of magazines, newsletters, and subsequently named for Taylor, an school buildings, students, and journals. There are several African American from Indiana, teachers and administrators, publications in the collection, who was a world bicycle champion especially for schools #4, #26, and arranged alphabetically. Each in the late 1890s. #87. In anticipation of Crispus publication includes an article by or There are short letters to or from Attucks High School’s 50th about Stanley Warren. Warren has Etheridge Knight, Birch Bayh, Otis anniversary, then Principal Earl been published in several Bowen, John T. Myers, and Dan Donaldson interviewed several early educational, historical, cultural, and Quayle. In 1992, Governor Evan teachers and administrators of the literary periodicals. He has been a Bayh appointed Warren to the State institution. Those oral histories are regular contributor to Black History Student Assistance Commission, on cassette tapes. In addition to an News & Notes. His two-part article, and the collection contains his interview with the school’s first “The Evolution of Secondary certificate of appointment. Warren’s principal, Mathias Nolcox, there are Schooling for Blacks in personal thoughts and musings are also taped conversations with Ruth Indianapolis, 1869-1930,” was in box 1. More publicly, his views Clinthorne, Della Greer, Katherine included in the 1993 Historical are captured in guest editorial Hall, Marion Hansberry, Fred Society monograph, In d ia n a ’s columns, many appearing on the op Parker, Harry Radliffe, and Charles African American Heritage: Essays ed pages of local newspapers. The Walker. from Black History News & Notes.

BHNN_2005-02_NO99 He w rote Black Americans the Marion County Department of History, the Urban League, the Represented on United States Public Welfare in Indianapolis. American Association of Teacher Postage Stamps, and he contributed During the 1960s, he taught social Educators, the Indiana Coalition of to This Far by Faith, an exhibit studies and humanities in the Blacks in Higher Education, and the catalogue pertaining to the history Indianapolis Public Schools system. Afro-American Historical and of Indiana African Americans. From 1969 until 1986, usually while Genealogical Society. He has been he held other positions, he lectured on several boards and advisory BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH on African American history at panels, including Head Start Policy Stanley Warren (son of Stanley DePauw University, Vincennes Council (Owen, Putnam, and Clay and Rachel Johnson Warren) was University, and Indiana University- counties), University oflndianapolis born in Indianapolis on December Purdue University, Indianapolis Alumni Association, Freetown 18, 1932. He attended local schools, (IUPUI). From 1969 to 1971, he was Village, Great Lakes College graduating from Crispus Attucks an academic counselor at IUPUI, Association, Indiana Historical High School in 1951. He joined the where his responsibilities included Society, and the Historic Landmarks United States Army during the grant proposal writing. After Foundation of Indiana. Korean Conflict. He returned to working with Project Upward Warren has served as a consultant Indianapolis, where he matriculated Bound for a couple of years, Warren on various projects, including at Indiana Central College (now became director of Black Studies at “,” an effort University of Indianapolis), DePauw University until 1979. sponsored by the Indiana Society graduating in 1959. He continued his Concurrently, he taught in the Film Project, and the Children’s education at Indiana University, Education Department, receiving Museum’s “Beyond the Rainbow.” receiving a master’s degree in tenure and a full professorship in From 1992 to 1995, he was a teacher education (with a 1985. He retired from DePauw in human relations consultant for concentration in anthropology) in 1992, working as Dean of Academic Purdue University. Warren has 1964; a specialist degree in Affairs during his last year. written scores of articles and has secondary education and A very active individual, Warren delivered many papers, mostly administration in 1971; and a has belonged to several related to contemporary education doctorate in higher education in 1973. organizations and served on many issues. His poetry has appeared in Following graduation from committees. His professional several journals, namely undergraduate school, Warren affiliations include the Association Freedomway s, Voices Inter­ worked briefly as a caseworker for for the Study of Negro Life and national, and Opus.

Black History News and Notes is a quarterly publication of the Indiana Historical Society Library. Intended in part to highlight the activities of the library’s Black History Program, it is issued during the months of February, May, August, and November. Essential to the Black History Program’s success is community involvement and commitment to the study of Indiana’s African American heritage. To become a member or for further information, write the Indiana Historical Society, 450 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 (317) 232-1882. Correspondence concerning Black History News and Notes should be addressed to Wilma L. Gibbs, Editor ([email protected]).

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2 Building Community One Building at a Time: The Building Names Project Karen Whitney Introduction provide housing for up to 3,000 Vice Chancellor for Student Life & As one of the best urban students or 10% of the student Diversity, in collaboration with Paul universities in the country and as enrollment. Mullins, Associate Professor, central Indiana’s largest public IUPUI has had minimal housing Department of Anthropology. university, Indiana University- on campus for many years, primarily Through Mullins’s leadership, Purdue University, Indianapolis Ball Residence Hall built as the names and short biographies of (IUPUI) is actively working to residence and academic home for individuals, whose lives and create and nurture a campus the IU School of Nursing in the accomplishments met one or more community. A vibrant campus 1920s. Responding to student of the criteria, were collected. This community is critical to successful concerns, IUPUI has developed new project also greatly benefited from student recruitment, retention, and apartment-style housing, expected to Ralph Gray’s, Professor Emeritus, graduation. The campus is accommodate an additional 771 Department of History, research and embarking upon a new era of undergraduate, graduate, and recently released book, IUPUI: The development with new campus professional students. Ball Making of an Urban University housing that opened fall 2003. Residence Hall will continue to (2003). Names were also solicited Cultivating a close-knit serve approximately 300 first-year from students, faculty, staff, alumni, community of resident students is a undergraduate students. and community partners. Only the priority. In creating community, The new community is names of individuals who were IUPUI determined to recognize the comprised of a series of “houses,” deceased for five years or more were past, appreciate the present, and which include 12 to 16 apartment considered. An advisory group support the future. The “Building units in each house. Apartments appointed by the vice chancellor Names Project” was an intentional have one, two, or four bedrooms and reviewed and recommended names effort to collect and recommend fully furnished kitchens. Each house to the chancellor, which were then names to the Indiana University accommodates 22 to 46 students. sent to the Indiana University trustees regarding the naming Each house is named for past heroes, trustees for final approval. This opportunities associated with new community leaders, and donors. project is indebted to the thoughtful campus housing. The “Building review and recommendations Names Project” provided a special The Building Names Project presented by an advisory group of opportunity to create a deeper sense The purpose of the “Building educators and community leaders, of community through recognizing Names Project” is to build a sense including A’Lelia Bundles, Mari and celebrating our heroes, of community between the resident Evans, Scott Evenbeck, Mary community leaders, and donors in student and the university and the Fisher, Wilma Gibbs, Ralph Gray, the names chosen for each of the campus and the Indianapolis Robert Holden, Glenn W. Irwin Jr., houses that students will occupy. community, creating a sense of Paul Mullins, Paula Parker-Sawyers, belonging and working with and Olgen Williams. The IU trustees Campus Housing Initiative students to recognize that in ultimately decided upon the names IUPUI is an urban comprehensive becoming a part of the IUPUI family, of individual buildings and spaces. university established in 1969 by they are part of something larger Indiana University and Purdue than themselves. The goal of this The History & Culture of Space University to serve students in the project was to: 1) reclaim the history & Place metropolitan Indianapolis region. and culture of the space and place Reclaiming the history and culture Since its inception, IUPUI has that IUPUI currently occupies; 2) of the space and place currently grown immensely, developing a acknowledge the heroes who have known as IUPUI is an attempt to strong research mission and in many cases worked their entire consider, to the greatest extent expanding to include 19 schools that professional lives in and around possible, people and activities in the serve over 21,000 undergraduates IUPUI to make the university the past that have occurred on the and 8,000 graduate and professional best urban research university; and property that IUPUI presently students. Although IUPUI has had 3) recognize major donors. The new occupies. IUPUI is bound on the campus housing since the 1920s, the housing project includes many west by the White River, the north program has been limited with major naming opportunities: 3 by Fall Creek, and defined by West approximately 1% of the students Neighborhoods, 23 Houses, 1 New Street on the east. Recognizing the living on campus (300 out of 29,000) Residential Street, 1 Community culture and history of the space in 2002. However, through the Park, and 1 Parking Deck. allows the students who live on efforts of a new campus housing The “Building Names Project” is campus to realize that they are a part initiative, the long-term goal is to an initiative led by Karen Whitney, of a living legacy. This is also an 3 effort to recognize that students living John W. McCormick court justices. He moved to Salem, on campus have joined a greater John L. “Wes” Montgomery Indiana, in 1812 and served as narrative of past residents who have John Morton-Finney county clerk. Five years later, he lived in the same place. Mary Burchard Orvis moved to Indianapolis when he was Freeman Briley Ransom appointed to the Indiana Supreme IUPUI Heroes David K. Rubins Court. In 1824, he upheld the Although IUPUI in its current May Wright Sewall controversial convictions of four organization is only 35 years old, George P. Stewart Indianapolis men who were parts of the campus have been in Frances Connecticut Stout convicted for the murders of ten active operation for over 100 years. Emma Lou Thornbrough Native Americans known as the Fall Recognizing the individuals who Madam C. J. Walker Creek Massacre. They became the have monumentally contributed to Aldred S. Warthin first European Americans in Indiana the evolution of what currently Honors House to be executed for killing Native comprises the IUPUI campus forms International House Americans. Blackford had the criteria of the IUPUI Heroes. The significant landholdings, including IUPUI Heroes are individuals who a large swath of IUPUI along West by their outstanding achievement Street. and extraordinary dedication, helped make IUPUI one of the best urban universities today.

Major Donors Every major project at a university is helped by donations from interested individuals and groups. Private giving allows a Blackburn House project to do more and go farther in Cleo W. Blackburn (1909 - 1978) achieving a goal. In the case of the was educated at Butler University campus housing program, funds and Fisk University. Returning to Boaz House provided by private donors would Indianapolis, he became the director Patricia A. Boaz (1922 - 1993) was help fund a “Resident Scholar of Flanner House, located at West an associate professor of chemistry Scholarship Program” to financially and St. Clair Streets. Flanner House who began her career at IUPUI in assist students to live on campus. primarily supported the African 1967. Her contributions to the Housing naming opportunities were American community providing Chemistry Department and the set at the $250,000 level of giving. education, job training, and homes School of Science were both to families, and making an numerous and pioneering. Through Conclusion immeasurable impact on the local funding from the National Science The Building Names Project community. Under his leadership, Foundation, she created and provides an approach toward social services provided to African developed the School of Science placing names on buildings and Americans improved dramatically in Learning Center, which established other spaces which create a vibrant Indianapolis. He received numerous the use of visual media, computers, and successful student community. honorary degrees and was an and other technologies in science Recognizing our history, culture, influential leader for many teaching. She had a special interest heroes, and philanthropy is a critical organizations. Blackburn was in helping older non-traditional part of building community one superintendent of Flanner House students succeed. Her office door building at a time. from 1936 until 1975. was always open to students who In 2003 the board of trustees wanted advice or counseling. Her approved the names. A new street passion for teaching enriched the was named in honor of Maynard K. lives of many students. Hine. The houses were named in honor of: Cleo W. Blackburn Isaac N. Blackford Patricia A. Boaz Mary Ellen Cable Ethel P. Clarke Lillian Thomas Fox William “Bill” Garrett Blackford House John Wesley Hardrick Isaac N. Blackford (1786 - 1859) Lola L. Lohse was one of Indiana’s first supreme Cable House 4 Mary Ellen Cable (1862 - 1944) was member of Indianapolis’s John Wesley Hardrick (1891-1968) one of the most influential African community. She was Indianapolis’s was educated in Indianapolis and American educators in Indianapolis. first African American female attended Harriet Beecher Stowe She taught in IPS Schools 4, 19, 23, journalist. In 1891, she was an Public School, Manual High School, 24, and 40 and was supervising assistant editor for the local African and the Herron School of Art, where principal at School Number 4 until American newspaper, the he studied under Otto Stark. Best her retirement. During her career Indianapolis Freeman. In 1900, Fox known as a portrait painter, in 1928 she trained 61 teachers, and at the became the first African American Hardrick painted a 6 by 8 foot mural time of her death, five were IPS woman hired by a white-owned for the Allen AME Church Chapel principals. She was active in Bethel paper, the Indianapolis News, to entitled “Christ and the Samaritan AME Church, Sigma Gamma Rho, write a regular news column. In Woman at the Well.” His works are served as the president of the 1903, she founded the Woman’s in the collections of the Indiana State Colored Women’s Civic Club, and Improvement Club, which provided Museum and the Indianapolis organized Indiana’s first NAACP health care to tuberculosis patients Museum of Art and were displayed chapter, serving as its first and scholarships to assist indigent at the Smithsonian Institution in president. Cable lived at 423 West African Americans. Fox also 1929 and the American Negro Street, what is now the eastern edge organized the Indiana State Exposition in Chicago in 1940. of the IUPUI campus. Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs in 1904.

Clarke House Garrett House Hine Street Ethel P. Clarke (1874 - 1970) was William “Bill” Garrett (1929 -1974) Maynard K. Hine (1907 - 1996) was superintendent of nurses and was on the Shelbyville High School dean of the IU School of Dentistry director of the Indiana Training basketball team when they won the from 1945 to 1968, transforming the School for Nurses from 1915 to 1947 state championship, and he school into one of the world’s 1931. Her legacy to the school and was named Indiana’s Mr. premier dental educational to the nursing profession included Basketball. He attended Indiana institutions. Hine devoted 52 years her visionary support of the 6 University (1947-1951) and was the of his life to Indiana University, the nursing students who founded the first African American player on its School of Dentistry, and IUPUI. He nursing honor society, Sigma Theta basketball team. He broke the color was a national leader in the Tau International, in 1922. Her barrier for the Big Ten. He was dentistry profession, serving as dedication to learning included the named All-American in 1951. president of the American Dental development of cutting edge Garrett played with the Harlem Association. Dean Hine was the curriculum, student social activities, Globetrotters, taught at Crispus first chancellor of IUPUI for four and outreach to the public, which Attucks High School, coached the years from 1969 to 1973, forging became a model of excellence that basketball team, and was named the challenging partnerships and advanced nursing and health care for Indiana Coach of the Year for teams that would in time make Indiana. 1959. He was assistant dean for IUPUI one of America’s great student services at IUPUI from 1973 urban universities. until his death in 1974.

International House I want the windows of my house open wide so that the cultures of all lands may flow freely through them.—Mahatma Gandhi

Fox House The IUPUI International House was Lillian Thomas Fox (1866 - 1917) founded in 1991 as a cross-cultural was a journalist and an outspoken Hardrick House and living-learning community 5 dedicated to international understanding. It brings together students from many different countries, including the United States, to live alongside each other, share perspectives and experiences, and find common ground.

Montgomery House Orvis House John Leslie “Wes” Montgomery Mary Burchard Orvis (1880-1964) (1923-1968) was one of came to IU in 1916 to work in the Indianapolis’s elite jazz musicians. Indianapolis Center of the Extension Montgomery began playing in the Division as an executive secretary. bars along Indiana Avenue and was She became an assistant professor an active improviser who played in of journalism and “the officer in a vast range of styles despite having charge” of the center in 1921, no formal musical training and being holding that post until 1945. Her Lohse House unable to read sheet music. He students included Joseph Hayes, Lola L. Lohse (1916 - 1999) began played with the best-known jazz author of The Desperate Hours, and her career with IU as a student musicians of the post-World War II children’s book author, Laura Long. enrolled at the Normal College of era, working day jobs as a welder to She was responsible for one of the the American Gymnastic Union in support his family. Montgomery’s earliest student activities at the Indianapolis in 1935, graduating early 1960s albums won widespread Extension. In the spring of 1936, from IU with a BS in physical critical praise winning a Grammy in she organized “Free Victrola education in 1939. She later earned 1966 for Best Jazz Instrumental for Concerts”, which were intended to an MS degree from IU. In 1955 she “Going Out of My Head.” present good classical music to the began teaching full-time at the students. Normal College and in 1963 was appointed as director of the school and assistant professor. In 1971 the Normal College became the IU School of Physical Education at IUPUI, and Lohse was appointed the first dean. She retired from the university in 1977.

McCormick House John W. McCormick (1791 - 1825) Ransom House was one of the first European Freeman Briley Ransom (1884- Morton- Finney House 1947) studied theology at Walden American pioneers of Indianapolis, John Morton-Finney (1889 - 1998), University and law at Columbia settling near the eastern end of the educator, lawyer, and humanitarian, University. Moving to Indianapolis former Washington Street Bridge in was born in Kentucky to a former in 1911, he boarded with Madam 1820. He built one of the first slave. Morton-Finney was a Buffalo C.J. Walker, became the company’s taverns in the area, in which was Soldier in World War I, a teacher at attorney, and eventually served as held a meeting by the state historically black colleges, and the manager of the Madam C.J. commissioners in June 1820 to taught Greek, Latin, German, Walker Manufacturing Company decide the location of the new state Spanish, and French in Indianapolis until his death. Ransom held a capital. McCormick was chosen as Public Schools, including Crispus variety of civic and elected the county commissioner in 1822. Attucks High School. He earned 12 positions, including Indianapolis McCormick’s Rock commemorates college degrees, including a law city councilman, president of the the site of John McCormick’s cabin degree from IU School of Law. He board of trustees of Flanner House, as the first settler of Indianapolis on earned his final degree at the age of Democratic National Convention the east bank of the White River, 75. Morton-Finney practiced law alternate delegate, Bethel African which is now the White River State until the age of 106 and died at the Methodist Episcopal Church trustee, Park. age of 108. and legal consultant to the NAACP.

6 The family home at 848 North a campaign that narrowly failed to husband Benjamin became the first California Street stands today in a secure woman suffrage in Indiana. African American stand-holders in neighborhood now named after She was an early member of the the Indianapolis City Market. They him. Association of Collegiate Alumnae, developed a substantial clientele in which became the American what was known as the “carriage Association of University Women. trade.” Stout manufactured all of her goods at her home, selling hominy, rabbits, and produce. A lifelong Bethel A.M.E. member, she continued her business after her husband’s death in 1909. By the time of her death in 1933, Stout had acquired a considerable estate that was later sold to the city for the construction of Lockefield Rubins House Gardens. David K. Rubins (1902-1985), artist and educator, came to the IU Herron Stewart House School of Art in 1935. He taught and George R Stewart (1874-1924) was directed the sculpture program for co-founder of the Indianapolis 45 years. His works include the Recorder newspaper and in 1899 statue of Abraham Lincoln at the became sole owner, editor, and Indiana State Office Complex, the publisher until his death in 1924. Lilly Monument at Crown Hill The Recorder published positive Cemetery, the ornamental work at stories acclaiming the achievements the federal courthouse, bust of Dean and accomplishments of African John Van Nuys at the IU School of Americans. A member of Bethel Medicine, statue entitled A.M.E. Church, Stewart was “Stumbling Man” at the Indianapolis involved in several businesses and Thornbrough House Museum of Art, and the cherub that political and fraternal organizations, Emma Lou Thornbrough (1913 - adorned the clock on the downtown including the Colored Republican 1994) was European American and Ayres Building every Christmas, Committee, Indiana Association of a pioneer in the field of African which is now at the Indiana State Colored Men, Indiana Chapter of the American history. Her scholarly Museum. National Negro Business League, works included The Negro in the Indiana Negro Welfare League, Indiana before 1900: A Study of a the Waterford Lodge #13, Knights Minority (1957, reprinted 1993), of Pythias, Persian Temple #46, Since Emancipation: A Short Nobles Mystic Shrine, and the History of Indiana Negroes, 1863- Indianapolis Camp of the American 1963 (1964), This Far by Faith: Woodsman. Black Hoosier Heritage (1982). She was a professor of history at Butler University from 1946 to 1983 and was educated at , Butler University, and the University of Michigan. Many of Sewall House her works were published by IU May Wright Sewall (1844 - 1920) Press. was an educator, cultural leader, and organizer of the woman’s suffragette movement in Indianapolis. She formed the Art Association of Indianapolis, which became the John Herron Institute and later Stout House became the IU Herron School of Frances Connecticut Stout (1854- Art. She helped found the Equal 1933) was a successful Suffrage Society of Indianapolis and businesswoman who epitomized was a contemporary of Susan B. African American determination Anthony and Elizabeth Cady and strength in Indianapolis. Stanton. From 1881 to 1883 she led In the late 1880s, Frances and her Walker House

7 Madam C.J. Walker (1867-1919) was a medical educator for over 35 If you are interested in was one of America’s first female years and an international scholar contributing to this project, please successful entrepreneurs. She was authoring more than one thousand send a brief C.V. by February 1, born on a cotton plantation in articles in journals and textbooks. 2005 to [email protected], or the Louisiana to former slaves and was He also wrote books which were address listed below. Once your orphaned by age seven. In the 1890s widely read by laymen. In 1958, IU participation is approved we will she began to lose her hair and named an IUPUI campus building, send, via email attachment, the entry experimented with home Warthin Apartments, in his honor. list and writing guidelines. preparations to relieve her scalp Warthin Apartments was Completed entries will be due by problems. She sold her own home- demolished in 2001 to provide space March 1,2005. As is usually the case manufactured hair care products as for the residential community. with reference works, compensation Madam Walker’s Wonderful Hair is limited to a modest honorarium Grower. From 1910 the company Karen M. Whitney, Ph.D., is Vice or a copy of the published was headquartered in Indianapolis Chancellor for Student Life and encyclopedia, depending on the because of the convenient rail access Diversity at Indiana University- number and length of entries. and a well-established African Purdue University, Indianapolis. We sincerely hope that you can American community. Walker was contribute to this important project. a Bethel A.M.E. member. The Leslie Alexander & Walter Madame Walker Theatre Center Rucker, editors built in 1927 is located across from The Encyclopedia of African IUPUI. It once housed a factory, A/A Encyclopedia American History salon, and training school. Work has begun on The Dept, of African & African Encyclopedia of African American American Studies History, to be edited by Professors 486 University Hall Lesl ie Alexander and Walter Rucker The Ohio State University and published by ABC-CLIO, Inc. Columbus, Ohio 43210 Scheduled to appear in 2006, this two-volume encyclopedia will be part of an ongoing series on American ethnic history. Aimed at general audiences and college OAH Conference students, this project will include I am looking for papers on Black more than 700 alphabetically Migration in the United States (all Warthin House arranged entries divided into five subjects) for the OAH conference, Aldred S. Warthin (1866 - 1931) was major chronological and thematic which will take place from April 19- a physician and educator. He sections. In addition, we also have 22, 2006 in W ashington DC. If received an A.B. from IU in 1888. an editorial board of distinguished interested, please email a one-page He received an M.D. and a Ph.D. scholars in the field of African proposal and one-page CV to from the University of Michigan. He American History. [email protected]. Michael Ezra

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