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Seed Oil Jatropha Dioica Sesee As a Biodiesel Potencial Resource Aceite

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Seed Oil Jatropha Dioica Sesee As a Biodiesel Potencial Resource Aceite ISSN 2007-3380 REVISTA BIO CIENCIAS h t t p : / / b i o c i e n c i a s . u a n . e d u . m x Vol. 7, Año 2020 https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.07.e728 Original Article/Artículo Original Seed oil Jatropha dioica Sesee as a biodiesel potencial resource Aceite de semilla de Jatropha dioica Seseé como fuente potencial de biodiesel Pérez-Pérez, J. U.1, Reyes-Trejo, B.2*, Guerra-Ramírez, D.2, Cuevas-Sánchez, J. A.3 1Postgrado en Ciencias en Horticultura. Departamento de Fitotecnia. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km. 38.5 Carretera México–Texcoco, C.P. 56230, Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México. 2Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Área de Química, Departamento de Preparatoria Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km. 38.5 Carretera México–Texcoco, C.P. 56230, Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México. 3Banco de Germoplasma, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km. 38.5 Carretera México–Texcoco, C.P. 56230, Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México. Cite this paper/Como citar este artículo: Pérez-Pérez, J. U., Reyes-Trejo, B., Guerra-Ramírez, D., Cuevas-Sánchez, J. A. (2020). Seed oil Jatropha dioica Seseé as a biodiesel potencial resource. Revista Bio Ciencias 7, e728. doi: https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.07.e728 A B S T R A C T R E S U M E N Jatropha dioica Seseé is a species of the Jatropha dioica Seseé es una especie de la familia Euphorbiaceae family, it belongs to the group of endemic Euphorbiaceae, pertenece al grupo de especies endémicas species in Mexico that have not been studied and valued en México que no han sido estudiadas y valoradas como as a phytogenetic resource. Its seeds are rich in oil and recurso fitogenético. Sus semillas son ricas en aceite y sus its stems contain pharmacological and healing properties. tallos contienen propiedades farmacológicas y curativas. El The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial del aceite de of Jatropha dioica Seseé seed oil as a raw material in las semillas de Jatropha dioica Seseé como materia prima the production of biodiesel. Seeds of Jatropha dioica para la obtención de biodiesel. Las semillas de Jatropha Seseé were subjected to extraction, by means of Soxhlet dioica Seseé se sometieron a extracción por los métodos and maceration methods. The obtained oil was physico- Soxhlet y maceración. El aceite obtenido se caracterizó chemically characterized and a reaction was made with fisicoquímicamente y se hizo reaccionar con metanol, methanol, in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a en presencia de hidróxido de potasio como catalizador catalyzer to obtain a mixture of fatty acids methyl esters (Sharma et al., 2008), para la obtención de la mezcla de (FAME), which was analyzed to evaluate its possible use ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (FAME), dicha mezcla fue analizada para evaluar su posible uso como biodiesel. La extracción exhaustiva de las semillas de Jatropha dioica Article Info/Información del artículo Seseé, por el método Soxhlet, proporcionó un 55.8 % de Received/Recibido: April 18th 2018. aceite, mientras que por maceración se extrajo un 43.5 Accepted/Aceptado: October 10th 2019. % de aceite. Los índices de acidez (0.63 ± 0.03 mg KOH Available on line/Publicado: October 11st 2019. *Corresponding Author: Reyes Trejo, Benito. Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Área de Química Departamento de Preparatoria Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km. 38.5 Carretera México–Texcoco, C.P. 56230, Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México. Phone: +52(595) 952 1500 ext. 5760, E-mail: [email protected] Revista Bio Ciencias 7, e728. 1 Biodiesel from Jatropha dioica./ Biodiesel de Jatropha dioica. as a biodiesel. The exhaustive extraction of Jatropha dioica g-1) y saponificación (44.48 ± 1.27 mg KOH g-1) del aceite Seseé seeds provided 55.8 % of oil by Soxhlet method, crudo, se consideraron para llevar a cabo la obtención while 43.5 % of oil was extracted by maceration method. de biodiesel mediante la reacción de transesterificación Crude oil acid (0.63 ± 0.03 mg KOH g-1) and saponification alcalina. El análisis de FAME reveló la presencia de un alto indexes (44.48 ± 1.27 mg KOH g-1) were considered to contenido de ácido linoleico (57.77 %), y oleico (23.86 %). carry out biodiesel production by means of alkaline trans- De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se recomienda la esterification reaction. The analysis of FAME revealed the extracción de aceite Jatropha dioica Seseé para un posible presence of a high content of linoleic acid (57.77 %) and uso como biodiesel en la industria energética. oleic acid (23.86 %). According to the obtained results, the extraction of Jatropha dioica Seseé seed oil was recommended for its possible use as a biodiesel in the P A L A B R A S C L A V E energy industry. Biocombustible, biodiesel, Jatropha dioica, ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos. K E Y W O R D S Biofuel, biodiesel, Jatropha dioica, fatty acids methyl esters. Introducción El estudio de fuentes de energía renovables Introduction como el biodiesel es actualmente un foco de interés para diversos centros de investigación públicos y privados The study of sources of renewable energies like (Pramanik, 2003; Bozbas, 2008). Existe un esfuerzo global biodiesel is currently a focus of interest for diverse public para desarrollar nuevas tecnologías para la generación de and private research centers (Pramanik, 2003; Bozbas, energías alternativas y limpias, incluyendo celdas solares, 2006). There is a global effort to develop new technologies aerogeneradores, energía geotérmica (Vera-Castillo et al., for generating alternative and clean energies, including 2014) y biomasa. Las energías renovables son ahora parte solar cells, aerogenerators, geothermic energy (Vera- integral del desarrollo sustentable del medio ecológico, Castillo et al., 2014) and biomass. Renewable energies mejorando la calidad de vida y estabilidad económica en are now an integral part of the sustainable development la población. La demanda energética mundial se duplicará of the ecological environment, improving life quality and en los próximos treinta años. Actualmente China y Asia economic stability in the population. Worldwide energy representan el 30 % de la demanda mundial, pero en demand will double in the next thirty years. China and Asia, el 2030 representarán el 43 %. Por otro lado, los treinta which currently represent 30 % of the worldwide demand, y dos países de la OCDE encabezados por Estados will pass to 43 % in 2030. On the other side, the thirty Unidos, la Unión Europea y Japón pasarán del 58 % al 47 two countries of OCDE led by United States of America, % (Castro, 2011), es por ello que la industria energética European Union and Japan will pass from 58 % to 47 % se está enfocando en las especies oleaginosas como la (Castro, 2011), therefore the energetic industry is focused mejor opción de materias primas para la producción de on oleaginous species as the best option of raw materials biodiesel (Ganesh-Ram et al., 2008; Ye et al., 2013). No for biodiesel production (Ganesh-Ram et al., 2008; Ye obstante, en México la Ley de Promoción y Desarrollo de et al., 2013). However, in Mexico, the Law of Promotion los Bioenergéticos (Diario Oficial de la Federación, 2008), and Development of Bioenergetics (Official Journal of promueve la producción de bioenergéticos mediante the Federation, 2008), fosters bioenergetics production actividades agropecuarias, forestales, algas, procesos by means of agriculture and livestock activities, forestry, biotecnológicos y enzimáticos, sin poner en riesgo la algae, biotechnological and enzymatic processes, without seguridad y soberanía alimentaria del país. Especies como jeopardizing food security and sovereignty of the country. colza (Brassica napus), girasol (Helianthus annuus), soya Species as canola (Brassica napus), sunflower (Helianthus (Glycine max), palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) y piñón annuus), soy (Glycine max), oily palm (Elaeis guineensis) (Jatropha curcas), tienen actualmente un gran interés, and pine nut (Jatropha curcas), have currently a great de las cuales las pertenecientes a este último género interest, those belonging to this last genus stand out for the destacan por la cantidad y composición de los aceites Revista Bio Ciencias 7, e728. 2 Pérez-Pérez et al., 2020. quantity and composition of oils extracted from the seeds, extraídos de sus semillas, además de sus características in addition to physiological, agronomic, environmental and fisiológicas, agronómicas, ambientales y de producción production characteristics (Sharma et al., 2013). (Sharma et al., 2013). The use of biodiesel as fuel presents various advantages, El uso de biodiesel como combustible tiene varias ventajas such as: coming from renewable sources, safe for its como son: proviene de fuentes renovables, seguro para su use in internal combustion engines and adequate octane uso en motores de combustión interna y octanajes adecuados. number (Bozbas, 2006). This fuel is obtained from oils Además, reduce las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero or fats by means of a transesterification reaction, using (Bozbas, 2008), Éste combustible se obtiene de aceites o grasas alcohol in a catalytic environment. Transesterification por medio de una reacción de transesterificación, usando consists in a consecutive number of irreversible reactions, alcohol en un medio catalítico. La transesterificación consiste where triglycerides are transformed in diglycerides, mono- en un número consecutivo de reacciones irreversibles, donde
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