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Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers 2014

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Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers 2014 Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers 2014 Illinois University of Illinois Extension C1373-14 Indiana Purdue Extension ID-56 Iowa Iowa State University Extension and Outreach FG 0600 Kansas K-State Research and Extension Minnesota University of Minnesota Extension BU-07094-S Missouri University of Missouri Extension MX384 Ohio Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 948 Stay Current For the most up-to-date version of this publication, visit: mwveguide.org Changes will be made throughout the year as they are received. Abbreviations Used in This Guide PHI pre-harvest interval — the minimum allowable time in days between the latest pesticide application and crop harvest AI active ingredient COC crop oil concentrate D dust formulation DF, DG dry flowable or water dispersible granule formulation E, EC emulsifiable concentrate F flowable formulation G granular formulation L, LC liquid concentrate formulation NIS nonionic surfactant W, WP wettable powder formulation SC suspension concentrate RUP restricted use pesticide Cover photos: Cabbage is a cool-season vegetable with a growing optimum of 60°F to 65°F. It can be grown when the weather is too cool for many other vegetable crops. Insect, disease, and weed control recommendations in this publication are valid only for 2014. If registration for any of the chemicals suggested is changed during the year since the time of publication (December 2013), we will inform all area and county Extension staff. If in doubt about the use of any chemical, check with your Extension agent or chemical company representative. The information presented in this publication is believed to be accurate but is in no way guaranteed. The authors, reviewers, publishers, and their institutions assume no liability in connection with any use for the products discussed and make no warranty (expressed or implied) in that respect. Nor can it be assumed that all safety measures are indicated herein or that additional measures may be required. The user, therefore, must assume full responsibility, both as to persons and as to property, for the use of these materials including any that might be covered by patent. Always refer to the pesticide labels before each application. If the label information is different than the information presented in this guide, always follow the product label. Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers 2014 Editors Purdue University: Dan Egel, Botany and Plant Pathology (Lead Author); Ricky Foster, Entomology; Elizabeth Maynard, Horticulture University of Illinois: Rick Weinzierl, Entomology; Mohammad Babadoost, Plant Pathology Iowa State University: Patrick O’Malley, Ajay Nair, Horticulture Kansas State University: Raymond Cloyd, Entomology; Cary Rivard, Horticulture; Megan Kennelly, Plant Pathology University of Minnesota: Bill Hutchison, Entomology Lincoln University of Missouri: Jaime Piñero, State IPM Specialist Ohio State University: Celeste Welty, Entomology; Douglas Doohan, Horticulture and Crop Science; Sally Miller, Plant Pathology. Contributors Purdue University: Tom Creswell, Gail Ruhl, Botany and Plant Pathology; Jamal Faghihi, Entomology; Shubin Saha, Steve Weller, Horticulture; Ed White, Office of Indiana State Chemist University of Illinois: John Masiunas, Weed Science; Willliam Shoemaker, Charles Voigt, Elizabeth Wahle, Horticulture Iowa State University: Mark Gleason, Plant Pathology; Vince Lawson, Joe Hannan, Horticulture; Donald Lewis, Entomology Kansas State University: Rhonda Janke, Horticulture; Judy O’Mara, Plant Pathology University of Minnesota: Roger Jones, Plant Pathology; Roger Becker, Agronomy; Carl Rosen, Soil Science; Vince Fritz, Horticulture; Jerry Wright, Ag. Engineering; Eric C. Burkness, Vegetable IPM Program University of Missouri: James Quinn, Horticulture Lincoln University of Missouri: Zelalem Mersha, Plant Pathology Ohio State University: Mark Bennett, Brad Bergefurd, David Francis, Matt Kleinhenz, Horticulture and Crop Science; Luis Cañas, Entomology; Gary Gao, Horticulture Extension; Casey Hoy, Entomology; Jim Jasinski, OSU IPM; Hal Keen, OSU Extension. Photos by the contributors, Brian Christie, Mike Kerper, John Obermeyer, and Elizabeth Wuerffel 1 Contents Reference Information Page Disease Management What’s New in 2014? ............................. 3 Disease Management Strategies ................... 66 State Extension Educators ........................ 4 PHIs and REIs for Fungicides ..................... 69 Soils and Fertility Common Names of Registered Fungicides.......... 70 Soil Testing..................................... 10 Fungicide Resistance Management ................ 71 Macronutrients or Primary Nutrients .............. 11 Disease Management with the MELCAST System. ... 72 Petiole Sap Testing .............................. 12 Slug and Snail Control .......................... 72 Fertilizer and the Environment.................... 15 Crop Recommendations Fertilizer Application Methods.................... 15 Asian Vegetables ................................78 Liming and Soil pH.............................. 16 Asparagus ......................................73 Chemigation Management ....................... 18 Basil ..................................... 134, 141 Organic Matter and Cover Crops .................. 19 Beet ...........................................180 Transplants Broccoli ........................................80 Transplant Production ........................... 20 Brussels Sprouts .................................80 Transplant Containers ........................... 21 Cabbage ........................................80 Seeding and Growing ............................ 21 Cantaloupe .....................................96 Diseases........................................ 22 Carrot ........................................180 Seed Treatments ................................ 23 Cauliflower .....................................80 Irrigation, Mulches, Frost Control Collards ........................................80 Using Plastic Mulch ............................. 24 Cowpea .......................................146 Irrigation and Water Management ................ 25 Cucumber ......................................96 Frost Control ................................... 27 Dry Bean ......................................145 Pollination Eggplant ......................................114 Bees and Pollination ............................. 27 Endive ........................................134 Time from Pollination to Market Maturity.......... 30 Garlic .........................................160 Pesticide Information and Safety Herbs .................................... 134, 141 Precautions with Pesticides ....................... 30 Kale ............................................80 Handling Pesticides ............................. 31 Leek ..........................................160 Reduced-risk/Biopesticides ....................... 34 Lettuce (Head and Leaf) .........................134 Pesticide Record-Keeping Form ................... 35 Lima Bean .....................................145 Organic Vegetable Production ................... 36 Mint (Peppermint and Spearmint) ................155 Production Tables Mustard ........................................80 Yields of Vegetable Crops ........................ 37 Okra ..........................................158 Postharvest Handling and Storage Life ............. 38 Onion (Bulb and Green) .........................160 Conversions for Liquid Pesticides ................. 38 Parsley ........................................134 Germination and Growing Guide ................. 39 Parsnip ........................................180 Pesticide Use in Greenhouses and High Tunnels..... 40 Pea ...........................................146 Using a Plant Diagnostic Lab .................... 41 Pepper ........................................117 Farm Labor Law Information .................... 43 Potato ........................................167 On-farm Food Safety............................ 44 Pumpkin .......................................90 Insect Management Radish ........................................180 Insect Management Strategies..................... 46 Rhubarb .......................................178 PHIs and REIs for Insecticides .................... 49 Snap Bean .....................................145 Common Names of Registered Insecticides ......... 50 Spinach .......................................134 Plant Parasitic Nematode Management Strategies.. 51 Squash .........................................90 Weed Management Sweet Corn ....................................187 Weed Management Strategies..................... 53 Sweet Potato ...................................197 Herbicide Effectiveness .......................... 60 Tomato .......................................121 PHIs and REIs for Herbicides ..................... 61 Turnip ........................................180 Common Names of Registered Herbicides .......... 63 Turnip Greens ..................................80 Watermelon ....................................96 2 Statement of Purpose Weed Management • Prowl H2O® is now labeled for use between rows of The management practices, products, and cultivars melons (see the Cucurbit Crops chapter) and green discussed in this publication are the research- and onions (see the Dry Bulb and Green Bunching Onion, experience-based recommendations of the institutions Garlic, and Leek chapter). associated with the contributing editors and authors.
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