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Great Basin Seed

SEED CATALOG

Foreword

The internet and modern technology have placed the vast majority of cataloged human knowledge in the palm of our hands. Books, journals, manuals and print catalogs have taken a back seat to instant search results. Pictures and videos provide detail and context superior to most Great Basin Seed printed works. There are situations, however, where value remains in doing things the old fashioned way. In matters of land stewardship and agriculture, a Monday - Thursday: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM MST day in the field with the plants and the soil have a way of connecting us Friday: 8:00 AM - 3:00 PM MST to the heart of matters in ways that (because we love to get an early start on our weekend) cyberspace cannot. And while we fully embrace modern technology and it’s immeasurable benefits, a tactile reference like this catalog can still go with you to places the internet cannot.

This catalog represents 45 years of field work, study and hands-on experience. We hope it is beneficial. @greatbasinseeds We intend for it to work hand-in- @greatbasinseed hand with our website. You will find thousands of photographs, videos, blog posts, FAQ’s and customer reviews there to assist you. And if you simply can’t find an answer to your question, give us a call.

This catalog is a complementary publication of Great Basin Seed. Additional copies are free of charge. You may request a copy on our website, or call, write or email:

Great Basin Seed 450 South 50 East Ephraim, UT 846267 (Office) 435.283.1411 (Fax) 435.283.6872 [email protected]

Left: Farm outside Ephraim, UT. Brackston Dutson Back Cover: Brackston Dutson 1 JASON STEVENS: Owner While working alongside Lloyd at Maple Leaf, Jason started Great Basin Seed in 2004 as an independent business venture to see if seed could be sold on the internet. Online sales grew steadily until 2015 when siblings Jason, Eric and Heidi purchased Maple Leaf from Lloyd and merged the efforts and resources of both companies. Jason graduated from Utah State University with a BA in 1997. His roles include government sales, corporate sales, production contracts, internet sales, advertising and marketing, grower contracts and native seed collection efforts. Never satisfied with the status quo, he keeps things interesting with new ideas and ventures. When not at work he enjoys floating rivers, hiking, rock climbing, camping, hunting, shooting sports, exploring and world travel. His greatest joys in life are his wife and children.

ERIC “ZEKE” STEVENS: Owner With a background in mechanics and constrution, “Zeke” manages day-to-day operations, facilities and production lines, construction and expansion projects, and our fleet. He maintains grower relations and a network of dealers. He manages truckload freight and during harvest season is found in the combine cutting grain. Hobbies include hunting, shed hunting, fishing, shooting and the outdoors. He and his wife Lydia have four daughters and a son who also loves the outdoors. Eric is a dedicated public servant. He has been an active member of the Ephraim Fire Dept for twenty two years and the Sanpete County Search and Rescue for ten years.

HEIDI STEVENS : Owner As a child Heidi swept the warehouse at Maple Leaf Seed and cleaned the offices. She graduated from Snow College with a degree in business management in 1998 and started working full time at Maple Leaf managing billing and invoices. She bought Maple Leaf with her three siblings in 2015 and still manages payables and receivables. Other roles include LTL freight, payroll, and office management. Heidi has an affable personality and enjoys talking to people. She loves summer and enjoys hiking and movies. She is dog and cat lover and manages the “feline rodent control system” in the office and warehouses.

LLOYD STEVENS: Founder Our journey in the seed industry started with Lloyd. He started Maple Leaf Seed Company in 1974 with a few small bags of seed and a dream. He turned it into a thriving, influential and competitive business. Maple Leaf was highly influential during the CRP days of the early 80’s (see page 22). Under the influence of his opportunistic eye, gregarious nature and entrepreneuring spirit Maple Leaf has been a major contributor in agriculture, disturbed land reclamation and fire rehabilitation in the western USA for 45 years. He sold Maple Leaf to Jason, Eric and Heidi in 2015 and they combined Great Basin Seed and Maple Leaf into one business. Lloyd is enjoying partial retirement and still comes into the office to do business with his friends and share his talents with us. He is truly one of the godfathers of the native seed industry. 45 YEARS IN THE SEED INDUSTRY: We have been in the seed business since 1974. We have worked hard to maintain a personal but professional relationship with our customers. We are one of the oldest and most experienced seed companies in the West. We have hands-on, grass-roots experience. Our combined education and knowledge of site evaluation, species adaptation, site preparation, seeding techniques, site management and seed technology are at the top of the industry. We have over 150 years of combined experience and some of KY BANTA: Supervisor, Sales Representative the Wests most knowledgeable plant Ky oversees day-to-day operations including all cleaning, processing, scientists. We can offer consulting on packaging, mixing and personnel. He also serves a growing list of wholesale any project and help you plan your clients. Ky started as a part-time employee during high school. His 15 years entire project from site evaluation, of experience has been a great asset in maintaining a highly functional species selection, site preparation, operation. Ky and his wife Shayna live in Ephraim with their boxer dog application rates, post-planting care Jersey. He loves the outdoors. His hobbies include motorsports and guns. and evaluation.

PHILOSOPHY: MARY SIMMONS: Sales Representative Our most important asset is you. Our Mary Simmons was born and raised in a small town in Central Utah. As a goal is to help meet your needs. We child she dreamed of being involved in agriculture. Mary is balancing her believe in providing good ol’fashioned career as a salesman at Great Basin Seed and continues her education in customer service and the products agriculture. She runs her own small farm, trains horses, and loves spending you need to finish the job – all at a time with family and friends. She is positive, outgoing, full of new ideas, and competitive price. We take seriously sharp as a tack. our role as stewards of the earth, and God willing, with your help we can DESSERIN REYES: Receptionist, Mail & Web Order Fulfillment improve the land and our lives for “Dess” is the first voice you hear when you call us. She has been integral our children. to our growing internet business. She oversees all picking and packing of outgoing web orders. She is fluent in English and Spanish and works STANDARDS: closely with our crews who hand collect native seed. She has two lovely Our seed is tested at AOSCA boys and a wonderful husband. She has been with us since 2015. approved seed laboratories and sold with current analysis tags. Tests are conducted in both state and private DENVER ROSS: Crew Foreman, Daily Operations certified seed labs. See page 11 for Denver is foreman of our “yard” crew and leads our great employees who more information. get your orders picked, mixed and shipped. He is the man running the machinery that makes it all come together. He is super efficient and gets things done quickly, resulting in the short turnaround time on orders. He COMPETITIVE PRICING: is an avid outdoorsman and spends most of his free time in the mountians. We’ve created great alliances in our 45 years of business. Our buying power, warehouses and state of the art production facilities keep costs KAYTLYNN RANSOM: Marketing, Web Developer at a minimum, which translates to As her first major website client, Kaytlynn helped GBS manage their competitive pricing. Many first-time websites and online presence as an independent developer. In 2017 she customers are surprised at the saving became a full-time employee. She manages all tech related matters and we offer over our competitors. We oversees our marketing, advertising and design, including this catalog welcome the chance to bid on your design. Kaytlynn works remotely from her home in Ogden, UT. She enjoys next project. running, painting, and spending time with her husband T.R. and her dog.

3 Seed Quality, Testing and Labeling

We adhere to strict state and federal that may or may not be applicable to quality and labeling regulations. In your needs. Our inventory includes, addition to the requirements of law but is not limited to, the following we follow self-imposed high quality certification classes: standards. We practice integrity and believe in professional service. To Certified Seed is guaranteed to achieve high standards we purchase be of specific genetic identity and our production crops from reputable varietal purity, assuring you that the growers with a solid history. The seed came from a registered parent native seed we collect is processed crop. Certified seed is obtained by and conditioned by us in our own growing registered seed, registered conditioning facilities certified by the seed is grown from either breeder or Utah Crop Improvement Association. foundation seed. Both foundation and By conditioning our own seed and breeder seed are under the control sampling every lot we assure our of the Foundation Seed Program products are as claimed and labeled. and every step of the production It also helps us select the best seed process is monitored and checked by for your situation. certification agencies. Every lot of seed we sell is analyzed by a registered seed testing Source Identified Seed is certified laboratory for purity, germination by a Crop Improvement Association (or TZ), crop, weed, inert and other to have come from a specific origin pertinent information. The results of geographic location. Source of the analyses are attached to each identified seed is important if you are bag or container of seed we sell so the trying to closely match the ecological end user knows exactly what they are conditions of the seed source and purchasing. your planting site. We collect source identified seed in every western state. AOSCA or the Association of Official Site adapted seed is selected Seed Certifying Agencies sets the because the seed source matches standards and rules for seed testing the ecological conditions as your in the USA. We use AOSCA certified planting site. Some species transfer testing facilities to assure our seed to different ecotypes better than meets high quality standards. Great Basin Seed warrants that seed sold is as others. By selecting site adapted seed described on packaging as required by state you increase the chances for seeding and federal seed laws. We sell seed that meets a variety of success. certification and classification criteria

4 Table of Contents

Foreword...... 1 Small Grains 45 About Us...... 2 Prosper 3 Grain Forage Mixture...... 46 Seed Quality, Testing and Labeling...... 4 Prosper Plus Forage Mixture...... 46 Table of Contents ...... 5 Fall Forage Blend...... 46 Reclamation...... 7 FX 1001 Beardless Triticale ...... 47 Baldwin Fall Awnletted Barley...... 48 Pasture Mixes 9 Honeysuckle Sorghum Sudangrass. . . . . 48 FAQ ...... 10 Small Grain Chart...... 49 Pasture Grass Selector...... 11 Irrigated Pasture Mix...... 12 Grasses 51 Dryland Pasture Mix...... 13 Warm Season Grass Chart...... 52 Pasture Mix Chart ...... 14 Cool Season Grass Charts...... 53-55 Salt & Alkali Soils...... 16-17 Wildflowers & Forbs 57 Custom Mixes 19 Honey Bee Wildflower Mix...... 58-59 Custom Mixes...... 20 Mountain Wildflower Mix ...... 60-61 Design Your Own Mix...... 21 Wildflower Mix Charts...... 62-63 Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). . . 22 Wildflower & Forb Charts...... 64-66 Seed Mixes For Sage Grouse Habitat. . . . 23 Shrubs & Sub-shrubs 69 Cover Crops 25 Shrubs & Sub-Shrubs Charts ...... 71-72 Benefits of Cover Crops...... 26 Cover Crop Chart...... 28 Cover Crops Species Characteristics and Alfalfa 31 Adaptation Charts...... 76 Alfalfa Selector...... 32 Clover & Legume Species Characteristics and Alfalfa Chart ...... 33 Adaptation Charts...... 76-77 Lander Alfalfa...... 34 Powell Alfalfa...... 35 Small Grains Species Characteristics and 428RR Roundup Ready Alfalfa ...... 36 Adaptation Charts...... 77-78 FSG 423ST Alfalfa...... 36 Lahontan Alfalfa...... 36 Grasses & Grasslike Species Characteristics and Rancher Special Alfalfa...... 36 Adaptation Charts...... 78-80 FSG 408DP Alfalfa...... 36 Falcata Alfalfa...... 36 Wildflowers and Forbs Species Characteristics Ladak Alfalfa ...... 36 and Adaptation Charts...... 80-82 Vernal Alfalfa...... 36 Shrubs and Sub-shrubs Species Characteristics Clover & Legumes 39 and Adaptation Charts...... 82-83 Legume & Clover Chart...... 40 Index...... 84-88 Lawn & Turf 42 What is the Great Basin?...... 96 Turf and Lawn Chart...... 42

Reclamation

Great Basin Seed has been serving Reclamation seed mixes are fre- the mining and exploration industry quently prescribed by the leasing since 1974. We have sold seed to agency who controls the land. every sector of the industry in all Sometimes the ingredients are lower 48 states, Alaska, parts of controlled or dictated by a bond. Canada and Mexico. These mixes are our forte and we can quote them for you. We specialize in seed and application solutions for reclamation and disturbed land projects of all shapes and sizes. We inventory over 350 native and introduced species for reclamation throughout the USA and Canada.

We serve the following industries:

• Open-pit, strip mine and abandoned mine reclamation • Exploratory mine & drill hole reclamation • Gas, oil well and pipeline reclamation/restoration • Road and highway reclamation • Wildfire prevention & reclamation • Habitat restoration & improvement, CRP mixes • Solar Farm reclamation & restoration • Wind Energy Farm reclamation & restoration • Precious metal mining reclamation

Below, top right, bottom right: Reclamation seed mix, Zion National Park. Jason Stevens

Above middle: Customer submitted photo, Okanogan Fire, WA

Pasture Mixes 9 (see pg. 14) (see pg. 12) (see pg. 13)

(see pg. 14) (see pg. 19) (see pg. 22) for a variety of situations for a variety CRP Mixes CRP Mixes Irrigated Pasture Mix Irrigated Pasture Our irrigated pasture mix is second in sales to our dryland mix. It is planted from coast- pasture of forage, to-coast a wide range for uses. and hay Mix Horse Pasture Our horse pasture mix requires the same pasture irrigated our as water of amount to the mix, but is formulated specifically needs of horses. Mountain and Cabin Mix a cabin with road cuts, utility have If you lines and disturbed areas, this mix is for you. Custom Mixes are the heart and soul Custom mixes seed of Great Basin Seed. A ready-made mix may not be the right fit foryour soil, water, can We outcome. desired and environment, needs. your to specific mix a design you help Dryland Pasture Mix Dryland Pasture top-selling our mix is pasture Dryland pasture mix. It is designed for dry areas with 12” or less annual precipitation. We have been formulating, mixing and been formulating, mixingand have We for 45 pasture mixes selling premium in premium pride ourselves We years. quality, trait and outcome-specific pasture meet your that choose varieties We mixes. requirements, not a price-point, and we are priced! still competitively CRP seed mixes each have their own recipe, each have CRP seed mixes with the NRCS. designed in cooperation more about how to apply for CRP Learn assistance, and how to design and buy your seed mix. Dryland, irrigated and custom pasture mixes mixes pasture irrigated and custom Dryland, PASTURE MIXES PASTURE 10 Pasture Mixes sow seed.Insomeareas,plantingbeforesummermonsoonseasonisbest. establishment process.Springoffersgoodplantingconditionsassumingsoilallowyou toworkthegroundand can bemadeany timeofyear assumingenoughmoistureisavailable tonursetheplantsthroughgerminationand As ageneralplanting rule,fallplantings(sometimescalleddormant What isthebesttimeofyear to plant? find blogposts,photos,videosandadditionalinfromation. tilling, plowingordiskingisnotalways necessary. For additionalinformationonthistopicvisitourwebsitewhereyou will Deep tract. large overa harrow tooth a running or plots, rakesmall hard-tooth on a with surface the scratching as simple as be can Distrurbance planting. before recommended is disturbance soil or scarification of form some and Weedcontrol How doIpreparemy outcome? plantingsiteforthebestpossible generally drilled outcome. Seedsizeornumberofseedsperpoundisalargedeterminingfactor. However, pastureandgrass mixes are The answertothisquestionvariesdepending on species you plant,annualprecipiation,your soilconditionsanddesired What isthesuggestedplantingrate? Howmany acre? per shouldIplant seed ofpasture pounds at right,orby lookingupthespecificationsforindividualspeciesinbackofthiscatalog. irrigation or having 12” annual precipitation is considered “irrigated”. You can further narrow your choices using the chart For simplicity and contenuity, we consider any precipitation zone 12” or less a “dryland” zone. Anything with supplemental How doIknowifmy formy HowdoIchoosespecies plantingsiteisdrylandorirrigated? conditions? FAQ at12-16poundsperacre,andbroadcast at 18-20poundsperacre. ) arethemostsuccessful.However, successfulplantings Pasture Mixes 11 Cost $$$ $$ $ $$ $$ $ $ $$$ $ $$$ $ $ $ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$ $ $ $$$$$ $$$$ $$$$ Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Low High High High High Variable pH/Salt Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Tolerance IRRIGATED ? Sainfoin Alfalfa** Timothy Species Tall Fescue Tall Red Clover Hard Fescue Small Burnet Idaho Fescue Alsike Clover Alsike Ladino Clover Arizona Fescue Orchardgrass** Cicer Milkvetch Annual Ryegrass Prairie Junegrass Prairie Reed Canarygrass Strawberry Clover Strawberry Kentucky Bluegrass Kentucky White Dutch Clover Perennial Ryegrass** Perennial Meadow Bromegrass Smooth Bromegrass** Frosty Berseem Clover Berseem Frosty Fixation Balansa Clover Garrison Meadow Foxtail and/or supplemental irrigation and/or MORE than 12” annual precipitation MORE than 12” IRRIGATED or 16 18 18 18 20 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 14 16 12 14 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Min Precip “ Pasture Grass Selector Grass Pasture DRYLAND DRYLAND Cost $$$$ $$ $$ $ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$ $$ $$$ $$$$$ $$ $$$$ $ $$ $$$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$$$ $$$$ $$$ $$$$ $$$ Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair High High High pH/Salt Very High Very Very High Very Very High Very Very High Very Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Tolerance Is your planting site planting Is your DRYLAND Species Blue Grama Wheatgrass Small Burnet Ladak Alfalfa Intermediate Sheep Fescue AC Saltlander AC Basin Wildrye Ranger Alfalfa Sand Dropseed Sideoats Grama Tall Wheatgrass Tall Indian Ricegrass Russian Wildrye Annual Rye Grain Annual Rye Dahurian Wildrye Yellow Sweetclover Yellow Sandberg Bluegrass Slender Wheatgrass Paiute Orchardgrass Paiute Crested Wheatgrass Siberian Wheatgrass Western Wheatgrass Western Smooth Bromegrass** Pubescent Wheatgrass Thickspike Wheatgrass Thickspike Bluebunch Wheatgrass no supplemental irrigation no supplemental Streambank Wheatgrass LESS than 12” annual precipitation and LESS than 12” annual 8 8 9 9 7 7 7 8 8 7 6 6 5 6 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 11 10 10 ** Multiple variteies avaiable for a wide range of soil types, climates amd desired outcomes. of soil types, climates amd desired for a wide range avaiable ** Multiple variteies Min Precip “ 12 Pasture Mixes For zoneswith12+inches annualprecipitation Irrigated Pasture Mix: Common additional mix-insincludeAlfalfaandSainfoin • • • • • Meadow Bromegrass Forage Type Perennial Ryegrass Tall Fescue, Forage Type Late-Maturing Forage Orchardgrass Mid-Maturing Forage Orchardgrass

ratios andpercentages Refer totheanalysis tagonthebagforactualmix 20 lbs.peracrebroadcast (drill nodeeperthan1/4”) 16 lbs.peracredrilled Planting Rate: out weeds. coverageforageand veryis It yield. effectivedriving at or haypivot orin need that sections corners orisolated and/ crop forpasture alone stand a as Plant Seed. Basin Great at item selling top a is It mix. pasture irrigated Farmers andranchers from allwalksoflifeuseour Above:pasture Irrigated Jason StevensUtah. Mona, mix,

Pasture Mixes 13 Big Smokey Valley, NV. Jason Stevens Jason NV. Valley, Big Smokey Above:

(drill no deeper than 1/4” ) (drill 20 lbs. per acre broadcast Refer to the analysis tag on the bag for actual mix and percentages ratios Dryland pasture mix is designed for farm, ranch and and Dryland pasture mix is designed for farm, ranch where no irrigation is present. well It grows on range the in most areas of the annual precipitation available arid climates areas with very United States excluding selected have desert. We and Mojave the Sonoran like dryland mix pasture species that persist and perform good forage. well in droughts and provide Planting Rate: 16 lbs. per acre drilled

Intermediate Wheatgrass Dryland Orchardgrass Slender Wheatgrass Crested Wheatgrass Smooth Bromegrass Dahurian Wildrye For improved winter range and higher protein consider and higher protein winter range improved For adding Immigrant Forage Kochia Forage adding Immigrant • • • • • • For zones with 9-12 inches annual precipitation For Dryland Pasture Mix: Dryland Pasture 14 Pasture Mixes planted deeperthan1/4”. Broadcast methodsworkwell,especiallyifthesiteisharrowed ordisturbedandsomeformofcompactionis usedaftersowing. pasture **Drill seeding mixes canproducethe very resultsestablishment best are IFseeds likelywill . Establishment 1/4” sown nodeeperthan arefail ifseeds or buried Pasture Mixes Dryland Pasture Mix Great PlainsPasture Horse Pasture Mix Mountain &Cabin Salt &AlkaliSoils Irrigated Pasture Pasture Mix Mix Name Mix Mix Mix Wildflower maybeaddedtocustomizethe Mid-Maturing Forage Orchardgrass, Late-Maturing Forage Orchardgrass Oro Verde Tetraploid Perennial Rye Kentucky Bluegrass (forage type) AlbionTetraploid Perennial Rye mix andbringcolortoyour site. Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrass AC SaltlanderGreen Wheatgrass Hycrest Crested Wheatgrass FSG423ST SaltTolerant Alfalfa Intermediate Wheatgrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Quickdraw Orchardgrass Tall Fescue Forage Type Pubescent Wheatgrass IntermediateRyegrass Cache MeadowBrome Dryland Orchardgrass Garrison Creeping Foxtail Intermediate Wheatgrass Mix Components MeadowBromegrass Hercules Tall Wheatgrass Smooth Bromegrass Slender Wheatgrass Perennial Ryegrass Rustler Tall Fescue Dahurian Wildrye Kentucky Bluegrass Strawberry Clover Perennial Ryegrass Winter Rye Grain Tall Wheatgrass Smooth Brome Orchardgrass Timothy Red Clover Timothy to this mix, making it suitable for cutting AND for cutting suitable it making mix, this to Early, added are varieties maturing late and mid horse pasture and hay. and horse pasture forcattle. Good tolerant.Drought for specifically Blended and provenin to customers Best seller recipe. time-tested A present. is or whereirrigation For zoneswith16+inchesannualprecipitation Designed forfarm,ranch andrange whereno For zoneswith9-12”annualprecipitation. Turn auselessplotintostandthatwill area, and other challenging soil conditions. page 17). Does well in valley bottoms, sump (see tests onsoil based be customized Can Very effective cover, ground control, erosion at to4,0008,000feetinelevation.adapted wildflowers and grasses mountain of blend A Tolerantmoisture. limited of heavy snow, cold Excellent with yields high Produces forcattle. Highly palatable. Top of the line forage grasses. Performs bestundersprinklerirrigation. winters andhotsummers.Very hardy. Right: Left: grazing dependinguponyour needs. and showydisplays ofredclover. produce somethingofvalue! Irrigatedpasture mixnearMilburn, Utah.Customersubmittedphoto. the Northernhemisphere. A bestsellerfor45years! Sainfoinandpasture grass, Montepulciano, Tuscany, Italy. Jason Stevens irrigation ispresent. Features Precip. Min. 16” 16” 12” 16” 16” 9” Seeding Depth/ 20 lbsbroadcast 20 lbsbroadcast 20 lbsbroadcast 20 lbsbroadcast 20 lbsbroadcast 20 lbsbroadcast Rate perAcre 16 lbsdrilled 16 lbsdrilled 16 lbsdrilled 16 lbsdrilled 16 lbsdrilled 15lbs drilled 1/4” MAX** 1/4” MAX** 1/4” MAX** 1/4” MAX** 1/4” MAX** 1/4” MAX**

Pasture Mixes 15 Salt & Alkali Soils

Saline, sodic and alkali soils present challenges for farmers, ranchers and landowners. While these soil conditions will never be ideal or produce forage and biomass equal to more hospitable soils, there are solutions that will provide some satisfactory results. We offer a variety of seeds adapted to salty/sodic/alkaline conditions.

The linear pH Scale: The way we usually see it The logarithmic pH scale: The way pH actually looks

The pH scale below is the scale we are accustomed to. It’s The pH scale we normally see is an oversimplified probably what you saw in chemistry textbooks and FFA representation of the way pH is accurately measured. class. It is useful for visualizing pH on a linear scale from pH is logarithmic, meaning a change in one numeric value acidic (top) to basic equals a ten-fold change in acidity or alkalinity. In other (bottom). Sometimes words, a soil with an 8 pH is ten times more alkaline that the scale is drawn a soil with a 7 pH. This has dramatic implications for plant horizontally. It helps selection, and demonstrates why a plant that tolerates a us understand pH 7.2 pH won’t even begin to establish in a 7.5 pH. using common household items and Note that in our chart we have not extended the logarithm points of reference past 5 acidic and 9 alkaline. Very few organics will survive from day-to-day in those conditions. We created this chart so you can living. From a soils visualize the dramatic increase in soil toxicity as pH moves standpoint, we can farther from neutral and more effectively select species visualize in general appropriate for your site. terms where our soils lie on the scale at a glance. e ariti ae The simplified pH scale has its ae i e ueri uit euas a shortcomings, te irease i aiit r aaiit though, and is mis- leading unless you understand how pH is accurately measured and how it affects plant life. False encouragement and disappointing results can be avoided if it is understood that the pH scale is actually logarithmic.

INTERESTING pH LEVELS: Healthy Stomach: 2.0 Beer and Wine: 4.0 Tomato Juice: 4.0 Black Coffee: 5.0 ii eautraeutra aie Urine: 6.0 Healthy Mouth: 6.7 Healthy Blood: 7.4 Great Salt Lake: 10.00

16 Salt & Alkali Soils

Soil Tests: Plants adapted to salt and alkali: Dryland Species We strongly encourage soil samples. Soils high in salt and alkali, or “basic pH Min They are the first step in choosing soils,” present challenging growing Species species suited to your site. A lab conditions. Basic conditions range Tolerance Precip. will analyze the makeup of your from mildly alkaline, requiring little AC Saltlander Green Very High 12” soil and provide a chemical and more than a variety selected for Wheatgrass mineral “picture”. The analysis tolerance, to highly alkaline, nearing Alkali Sacaton Very High 10” will include information critical the point where very little will even to the selection of appropriate survive in the conditions. Valley Tall Wheatgrass Very High 8” plant species, soil preparation and bottoms, “sump” areas, margins Yellow Sweetclover High 8” conditioning methods and chemical of marshy and/or damp areas Slender Wheatgrass High 10” recommendations. Once you and desert valleys and lowlands Crested Wheatgrass High 6” have the analysis you can select commonly present these challenging Siberian Wheatgrass High 5” species that will survive within the soil situations. Russian Wildrye 7” parameters of your site. As you can High see from the logarithmic pH scale While these areas are challenging, Perennial Ryegrass Moderate 12” on page 16, an analysis report giving there are solutions that will return Basin Wildrye Moderate 10” test results to the 0.10 is crucial. an investment and turn a useless Western Wheatgrass Moderate 7” plot into a stand that will produce Thickspike Moderate 7” Stukenholtz Laboratory has great something of value. There are Wheatgrass customer service, accurate tests several species available for planting Blue Grama Moderate 8” and speedy results. They offer in salt and alkali conditions. The list Bluebunch Moderate 8” fertilizer recommendations with at right should help you get started Wheatgrass the analysis. The cost of a soil in the selection process. Dahurian Wildrye Moderate 11” sample (about $20-$50) can save Small Burnet Moderate 11” hundreds if not thousands of dollars Annual Rye Grain Moderate 11” in seed, fertilizer, diesel fuel and development costs. The soil sample gives you a baseline, and narrows Irrigated Species your choices down to what is known to work. Visit their website pH Min for instructions on how to pull and Species Tolerance Precip. submit a sample. Once you have the results give us a call≠…we will walk Fixation Balansa High 16” you through the process of choosing Clover Top: “The Pots”, Monitor Valley, NV. seed based on the test results. Jason Stevens Frosty Berseem High 16” Clover Bottom: River bottom pastures, Stukenholtz Laboratory Strawberry Clover High 16” 2924 Addison Avenue, E Burns, OR. Jason Stevens PO Box 353 Prairie Junegrass Moderate 12” Twin Falls, ID 83303-0353 Smooth Bromegrass Moderate 12” (208) 734-3050 (800) 759-3050 Cicer Milkvetch Moderate 12” Annual Ryegrass Moderate 12”

There are many soil labs in the USA. You may already have Meadow Bromegrass Moderate 14” a lab you like to use. We recommend Stukenholtz simply because we have come to know them as a reliable, quick, Ladino Clover Moderate 16” customer-oriented company with consistent results. Red Clover Moderate 16” Garrison Creeping Moderate 20” Foxtail

17 Custom Mixes

18 Custom Mixes

Many situations require a custom approach. From our beginning in 1974 we have assisted customers in creating seed mixes specific to their needs and conditions.

Call 435.283.1411 for a FREE consultation.

Custom Seed Mixes (see pg. 20) Your experience may have taught you that certain species and varieties work better than others in your circumstances. We can make custom mixes of any shape, size and quantity. From five to thousands of pounds, no job is too big or too small.

CRP Custom Seed Mixes (see pg. 22) Great Basin Seed has been participating with farmers and ranchers` by providing seed for the CRP program from the very beginning. We have sold millions of pounds of seed for the CRP and carry every species recommended by the program, including pollinators. Once you have enrollend in the program give us a call to price your seed mixture.

Sage Grouse Seed Mixes (see pg. 23) Sage Grouse habitat is threatened all over the Intermountain West. We specialize in the habitat improvement seed mixes recommended by the NRCS and Sage Grouse Initiative and can easily custom blend the recipes you establish with them. Custom Mixes Design your own custom mix

Learn how on page 21

19 Custom Mixes

Building custom seed mixes is the heart and soul It is hard to fathom how many pounds of seed we of Great Basin Seed. The nature of our business have custom mixed since 1974. We have worn out requires that we address most plantings based dozens of sewing machines, used enough string on individual merit and the desired outcomes of to go to the moon and back several times, printed the customer. While “standardized” mixes work truckloads of paper analysis tags and used freighters for a wide variety of situations, the requirements full of seed sacks and totes. We have completely of range, reclamation and specialized projects worn the mixing blades off two seed mixers. generally require a custom approach. Custom seed mixes are the norm for us, so don’t Since 2009 (when we upgraded our database) hesitate to call and discuss your needs or that we have mixed an average of 600 custom seed “challenging spot” on your property. We can help, mixes annually. Some are flower mixes as small as and look forward to it! two pounds. Many mixes are thousands and even hundreds of thousands of pounds of grass seed for range reclamation, fire rehabilitation, and watershed 435-283-1411 stabilization. More than a few grain mixes were well greatbasinseed.com over a million pounds each. All were different, and designed for an intended outcome.

Below: Custom mountain cabin flower mix near Moscow, ID. Jason Stevens Custom Mixes

20 Design Your Own Mix

Designing your own seed mix can be a daunting • Where is the planting site? task. The sheer volume of information available is • What is the elevation of your planting site? nearly impossible to navigate, and sometimes you • What are average high and low temperatures? need seasoned “boots-on-the-ground” assistance. • What is your annual precipitation? We are here to help. Advise is free - we don’t • How and when does the precipitation come? charge a consulting fee. • Can you flood or sprinkler irrigate? The bullet points at right will help you get started. • What kind of soil do you have: sandy, clay, rocky? The answers to these questions create the • How would you describe your water drainage? guidelines that will determine species that will • Do you have a soil test? grow and produce the desired results. Once you • Do you have a water test?** have answered these basic questions, give us a call • What other species are currently on site? and we will help you select the species, determine • What are your desired outcomes? Is this seed seeding rates and create a price estimate. mix for reclamation, range, forage, pasture,

**Not all of the information is crucial to determining a good seed mix, but every soil stabilization, ground cover, ornamental bit helps. The more we know, the better mix we are able to formulate. or beautification?

Below: Alpine pastures in the Sawtooth Mountains, Stanley, ID Custom Mixes

21 CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a land conservation program administered by the Farm Service Agency (FSA). It was signed into law in 1985 by President Ronald Regan and is the largest private land conservation program the in United States. Farmers and ranchers enrolled in the program agree to remove environmentally sensitive land from agricultural production and plant seed species that benefit and improve:

• Air and water quality • Soil health, erosion prevention and stability • Overall environmental conditions • Wildlife habitat • Pollinator and beneficial bugs conditions

In exchange for participation in the program, farmers may receive a variety of benefits including cost-sharing, rent assistance and other incentives.

How can I enroll in the program?

Contracts for land enrolled in CRP are generally 10-15 years in length. To start the enrollment process visit your local FSA/NRCS office (they are frequently the same office) or their website at:www.fsa.usda.gov/conservation

How can Great Basin Seed help?

After you have enrolled in the program the NRCS will recommend a seed mix recipe specific to your site. Once you have their recommendations give us a call to price your seed mixture.

Great Basin Seed has been participating with farmers and rancher by providing seed for the CRP program from the very beginning. We have sold millions of pounds of CRP seed and carry every species recommended by the program, including pollinators.

Below: Application of a custom pasture mix near Zion National Park, UT. Custom Mixes

22 Seed Mixes For Sage Grouse Habitat

Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) live in the sagebrush country of the western United States and southern Canada. They are considered a “permanent resident”, meaning they only move short distances and do not migrate. They forage on the ground and eat mainly sagebrush, but also insects and other plants. They nest on the ground under sagebrush or grass patches. The Sagebrush steppe is a critical part of their habitat.

At risk: In the United States the Sage Grouse is a candidate for listing under How to participate: the Endangered Species Act. The leading If you own land in the areas factor in the decline of Sage Grouse indicated you may qualify for populations is loss of habitat. Urban participation in the Sage Grouse expansion, wildfires, invasive weeds Initiative. Contact your local NRCS service center or visit their and exotic grasses and removal of the website at: sagebrush-steppe have contributed to the population decline. www.sagegrouseinitiative.com

Current Range Sage Grouse Initiative: In 2010 the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) launched the Sage Grouse Initiative (SGI) in an effort to restore Sage Grouse habitat and revive the Recommended Seed Species for Sage Grouse Habitat: declining population. The effort is largely being carried out on private land. The Shrubs & Sub-Shrubs Grasses & Grass Likes Forbs & Legumes program relies on voluntary landowner participation and partners who help Wyoming Big Sagebrush Western Wheatgrass Purple Prairieclover Basin Big Sagebrush Thickspike Wheatgrass White Prairieclover them enhance and conserve the habitat. Low Sagebrush Bluebunch Wheatgrass Yellow Coneflower Black Sagebrush Snake River Wheatgrass Perennial Gaillardia Some of the efforts in place to improve Arrowleaf Balsamroot Rubber Rabbitbrush Streambank Wheatgrass sagebrush habitat include: Indian Ricegrass Firecracker Penstemon Winterfat Rocky Mtn. Penstemon Louisiana Sage Bottlebrush Squirreltail Slender Wheatgrass Goosberryleaf Globemallow Fringed Sage Scarlet Globemallow Sideoats Grama • Conifer removal Skunkbrush Sumac Rocky Mountain Beeplant Green Needlegrass Snowberry Silky Lupine • Conservations easements Blue Grama Silvery Lupine Fourwing Saltbrush Idaho Fescue • Grazing systems Gardners Saltbrush Sulfur w Galleta Grass Utah Sweetvetch • Marking fences Shadscale Saltbrush Basin Wildrye Common Sunflower Spiny Hopsage Mountain Brome Blue Flax • Invasive weed control Prairie Junegrass Yarrow Needle and Threadgrass Sainfoin • Seeding projects Muttongrass Birdsfoot Trefoil Canby Bluegrass • Exotic species control

How can GBS help?

The NRCS, cooperating universities, state agencies and SGI partners have established seed recommendations for habitat improvement. A few of the more common species are listed above. Custom Mixes

We specialize in the seeds recommended by the NRCS and SGI and can easily custom blend the recipie they recommend. Visit your NRCS/SGI agent to determine which species are approved for your site and meet the project goals. If you are a landowner in the SGI or would like to be, we recommend you visit the SGI website, get involved then contact us for help with your seed needs.

Cover Crops

Planting and rotating with cover crops are excellent ways to improve soil health. It’s also comparatively inexpensive. The following principles, in conjunction with cover crop use, can dramatically improve your soil health:

• Minimize soil disturbance. We encourage no-till drilling.

Dryland • Maximize plant biodiversity with Pasture Mix rotation & cover crop mixes. (see pg. 12) Dryalnd pasture mix is our top- • Keep living roots alive as much as selling pasture possible. Practice no-till drilling. mix. It is designed for dry areas with • Keep the soil covered. Use cover 12” or less annual precipitation. crops in shoulder seasons.

• Incorporate livestock/grazing where practical.

Purple Top Turnip (see pg. 28) Does well in colder climates, excellent fodder and feeding value. Excellent for breaking soil compaction.

Daikon Radish (see pg. 28) Leafy cover crop, high forage value and superb at breaking soil compaction.

Teff Grass (see pg. 28) Fast establishing warm-season annual grass. High forage producer. Need a quick crop? This is the grass for you. Cover Crops

Fixation Clover (see pg. 28) Fixation Balansa Clover is a nitrogen fixing ANIMAL! Produces incredible biomass and tolerates compacted, poor soils.

25 Benefits of Cover Crops

One of the easiest and most economical ways to improve your soil is to plant “green manures” or cover crops. Most soils can be maintained at high level of productivity through sound soil management practices including a combination of minimum soil tillage, crop rotation, and the addition of organic matter.

Nutrient Cycling. Cover crops add valuable nutrients Improve Soil Structure. The roots of the cover crop will like nitrogen to the soil. Plants need to eat and breath, also help to improve the structure of the soil. Passages and organic matter is the food component of soil. Soil- and pore spaces created by roots aerate the soil and dwelling fungi and bacteria work to break down organic increase moisture percolation. Insects and other matter, and when microorganisms eat organic matter, microorganisms also utilize the passages. nutrients are released back into the soil in a form that is usable by plants. This process is called nutrient cycling. Weed suppression. Cover crops compete with weeds Nutrient cycling affects both the physical and chemical for real estate, water, nutrients and sunlight. Roots properties of the soil. The addition of organic matter deprive weeds of the elements they need to thrive. The builds soil structure, which increases water absorption leaves of the cover crops compete for light and space and nutrient-holding capacity, buffers the soil pH, and above ground, shading out the weeds. When crops die improves aeration. Cover crops choke out weeds by back or are slashed back they mulch, smothering weed restricting sunlight to the soil. They stabilize the soil seeds. surface, and through their deep-reaching roots, help to break up hardpan and bring nutrients to the surface for Moisture. Cover crops conserve and even increase the other plants to utilize. As part of a long-term rotation moisture content of the soil. Soils are protected from plan, cover crops can provide a stable habitat within evaporation by the sun and the wind, and deep roots your garden for beneficial insects and microorganisms. bring up moisture from low in the soil profile.

Prevent Erosion. Bare ground should be avoided, Reduced work load. Cover crops save time and especially in shoulder seasons and winter. Exposed energy. The nutrients they provide reduce the need for earth is at a greater risk of wind and water erosion. composting or mulching, making cover crops a good Cover crops help stabilize the soil and prevent runoff option when looking to improve the soil quality of a by binding the soil together and improving its structure. large area.

Organic Matter. Organics stimulate microorganism Biodiversity. Cover crops add biodiversity. All plants activity and give nutrients to the soil. Cover crops add have their own unique characteristics, including how organic matter while living. The decay process form a they interact with other plants and organisms. Cover natural mulch or compost. crops can attract beneficial bugs, pollinators, and each species provides something unique to the habitat.

Insects. Cover crops play a major part in attracting beneficial bugs and insects. Attracting insects increases the number of pollinators on your site, helping propagate plants. Increased organic matter and nutrients in the soil also feed beneficial microbes that can keep fungal and bacterial infections in check. Insects can limit the number of nematode and microscopic organisms that feed on plant roots and stems which can carry viruses that they transmit to the plants. Cover Crops Cover

Left and Far Right: Owner Eric “Zeke” Stevens in a field of cover crops, South Dakota. Jason Stevens 26 Top: Daikon radish under a blanket of snow Bottom: Field of Pearl Millet Cover Crops

27 Cover Crops

Sow Nitrogen Scientific Name Common Name Type Recommended Uses Sow Season Fixation Break soil compaction, enhance forage, nitrogen Fall or Brassica campestris Purple Top Turnips A 1/2” YES fixing, suppress weeds. Summer Spring 1/4- Brassica napus Rapeseed A Enhance forage. Drought tolerant, heat tolerant. Summer NO 3/4” Fall Brassica oleracea var. Enhanced forage. Useful for water management. 1/4- Summer Forage Kale B/A NO sabellica Drought tolerant. Very winter hardy. 1/2” or Fall 1/4- Crotalaria juncea Sunn Hemp A Nitrogen fixing, weed suppression, heat tolerant. Summer YES 3/4” Spring Many Varieties Forage Cabbage A Forage enhancement, weed suppression. 1/2” NO or Fall Spring Break soil compaction, enhance forage, suppress 1/4- Many Varieties Forage Collard A Summer NO weeds, drought tolerant. 1/2” or Fall Broadleaf Beneficial insectary, weed suppression, low Phacelia A 1/4” Fall YES Phacelia tanacetifolia fertility soil.

Break soil compaction, nematode control, Spring Raphanus sativus Nematode Radish A 1/2” NO weed suppression. or Fall Raphanus sativus Break soil compaction, manage water, suppress Summer Daikon Radish A 1/2” NO var. niger weeds, low fertility soil. or Fall Nematode control, suppress weeds, manage 1/4- Summer Sinapis alba White Mustard A NO water, drought tolerant. 3/4” or Fall Nematode control, suppresses weeds, produces Brassica juncea, Mighty Mustard 1/4- Summer A excellent biomass. NO Sinapis Alba Mix 40% White Gold Mustard, 40% Kodiak Oriental Mustard, 3/4” or Fall 20% Pacific Gold Oriental Mustard Fagopyrum Beneficial insectary, suppress weeds, drought Buckwheat A 1/2- 1” Summer NO esculentum tolerant, low fertility. Water management, weed suppression, drought 1/4- Spring or Pennisetum glaucum Pearl Millet A NO tolerant, heat tolerant. 3/4” Summer Spring Secale cereale Cereal Rye A Weed suppression, drought tolerant, low fertility. 1-1.5” NO or Fall Grain/Legume Sorghum × Sorghum Break soil compaction, enhance forage, heat A 1” Summer NO drummondii Sudangrass tolerant, low fertility. Enhance forage, nitrogen fixing, drought and 1/8- Eragrostis Tef Teff Grass A Summer NO heat tolerant. 1/2”

Grass Lolium perenne An easily established, vigorous cool season grass Spring Annual Ryegrass A 3/4- 1” NO multiflorum used for cover crops, hay, pasture, erosion control. or Fall Trifolium Frosty Berseem Beneficial insectary, enhance forage, low fertility 1/4- Spring A YES alexandrinum Clover soil, heat tolerant. 3/4” or Fall Break soil compaction, enhance forage, fix Spring Trifolium incarnatum Crimson Clover A 1/2” YES nitrogen, low fertility. or Fall Trifolium Fixation Balansa Low fertility, enhance forage, break soil 1/4- Spring A YES michelianum Clover compaction, suppress weeds. 3/4” or Fall Legume Pisum sativum subsp. Beneficial insectary, enhance forage, Winter Peas A 1/2- 1” Fall YES arvense nitrogen fixing. Summer Vicia villosa Hairy Vetch A Beneficial insectary, nitrogen fixing. 1/4-1” YES or Fall Cover Crops Cover

28 Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com 29

Alfalfa

We offer alfalfas for every climate zone, soil type and end use.

Lander Alfalfa

• Our best-selling, flagship alfalfa • Dryland or irrigated • First U.S. variety with resistance to brown root rot • Resistance to broad temperature fluctuations and high wind

Powell Alfalfa

• Our workhorse alfalfa • Perfect 30/30 Wisconsin Disease Rating Index • High forage yield potential • Persistent

Ranger II Alfalfa:

• The “old standby” improved • Winter hardy • Drought tolerant and persistent • Superior forage yields • Wide range of soil adaptations

Ladak II Alfalfa

• THE venerable dryland alfalfa • Bred from the original Ladak • Improved drought tolerance • Adapted to most soil conditions • Improved disease & nematode Alfalfa resistance • More persistence

Left: Alfalfa near Flowell, Utah. Brackston Dutson. 31 Alfalfa Selector

Is your planting site DRYLAND or IRRIGATED?

DRYLAND IRRIGATED While these alfalfas are drought tolerant, MORE than 12” annual precipitation they can be used in irrigated settings and/or supplemental irrigation

Min. pH/Salt Min. pH/Salt Species Cost Species Cost Precip. Tolerance Precip. Tolerance

9” Falcata Alfalfa High $$$$$ 15” Lahontan Alfalfa Good $$

10” Ladak II Alfalfa Fair $$$ 15” Rancher Special Fair $$

12” Ranger II Alfalfa Fair $$$ 15” Lander Alfalfa Good $$$

12” Ranger Fair $$ 15” Powell Alfalfa Fair $$

13” Vernal Fair $$ 15” 408DP Alfalfa Fair $$$

428RR Roundup Ready 15” Fair $$$$$ Alfalfa

Salt Tolerant Alfalfa 15” Good $$$ FSG 423ST

Salt Tolerant Alfalfa 15” Good $$$ FSG 639ST Alfalfa

32 Alfalfa

Fall Winter Coated & Name Features Dormancy Survival Inoculated - Superior drought resistance over other alfalfa - Tolerates pH up to 8.5 Falcata Alfalfa 4.0 Excellent NA - Nitrogen fixing -Persistent in harsh, competitive grazing applications -Should not be grazed until the second year - Dual purpose alfalfa – hay or graze, high yield potential Superior FSG 408DP Alfalfa 4.0 YES - Stands up to wheel traffic pressure 1.9 - Superior winter hardiness and persistence - Excellent drought tolerance Superior - Adapted to variable soil conditions Ladak II Alfalfa 2.0 YES 2.0 - Superior forage yield when compared to Ladak - Certified Seed - Recovers quickly after cutting Very Lahontan Alfalfa 4.0 NO - Generally produces lower yields than other varieties Good - Yields are roughly equal to the Ranger - Resists brown root rot - Stem nematodes and verticillium wilt Lander Alfalfa 3.5 Excellent YES - Excels in dryland or irrigated - Persists in challenging soil conditions - Excellent forage yield potential and quality Very - High resistance to stem nematode Powell Alfalfa 3.0 Good YES - High resistance to northern root knot nematode 2.0 - Perfect 30/30 Wisconsin DRI rating - Widely adapted, tried, trusted - An economic alternative to high-end alfalfas Very Rancher Special Alfalfa 4.0 YES - Same quality, coating and treatment standards Good - Suited to a variety of situations - Developed directly from Ranger Very - Excellent drought tolerance Ranger II Alfalfa 3.0 Good YES - Excellent winter hardiness and persistence 2.0 - Superior forage yield when compared to Ranger - Certified seed production - Unsurpassed weed control 428RR Roundup Ready Excellent - Great forage yield potential, superior forage quality 4.0 YES Alfalfa 1.0 - Germination salt tolerance - Perfect 30/30 Wisconsin DRI rating - Higher forage production under saline soil conditions Salt Tolerant Alfalfa Excellent - High resistance to stem nematode 4.0 YES FSG 423ST 2.0 - High resistance to northern root knot nematode - Fine stemmed with superior forage quality - Spring frost tolerance Semi- Salt Tolerant Alfalfa Good - Quality forage under slightly saline conditions dormant YES FSG 639ST 3.0 - High resistance to stem menatode 6.0 - High resistance to northern root knot nematode - Deep rooted and drought tolerant Very - Adapts to well drained, deep soils Vernal Alfalfa 2.0 NO

Good - pH range of 5.5-6.5 Alfalfa - One of the older alfalfa varieties available

Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com 33 Lander Alfalfa

• Excellent choice for the Intermountain West • Excels in semi-dryland or irrigated • Persists in challenging soil conditions • Well adapted to harsh weather • Excellent winter survival • Resistant to stem nematodes and verticillium wilt

Lander Alfalfa has been very successful in the Intermountain West. It is our best-selling alfalfa 8 years running. It excels in dryland and irrigated situations. Lander has established a strong market in Utah where it exceeds expectations in challenging soil conditions, high winds and temperature extremes. It performs well in sandy, silty, alkali and salt soils of Eastern Utah and Nevada. It is a favorite of cubing facilities and forage producers for it’s leafy nutrient- rich dark green foliage. Lander demonstrates excellent winter survival and is resistant to stem nematodes and verticillium wilt.

The University of Wyoming Plant Science Department in Powell, WY developed Lander Alfalfa. It demonstrates good tolerance to harsh conditions. Lander shines in areas with high wind, extreme daily temperature swings, poor soil conditions and varying water.

Brown root rot occurs in numerous north American and Canadian locations and is often an unrecognized contributor of winter kill. Lander resists brown root rot and was the first alfalfa selected for the trait in the USA. Parent plants were selected after surviving seven years of Wyoming winters in soils with natural infestations of BRR.

Fall Dormancy: 3.5

Alfalfa Winter Survival: Excellent CERTIFIED, COATED, TREATED and INOCULATED

34 Powell Alfalfa

• High multifoliate leaf expression • Excellent forage yield potential and quality • High resistance to stem and northern root knot nematodes • Perfect 30/30 Wisconsin DRI rating • Persistent • Widely adapted, tried, trusted POWELL ALFALFA POWELL ALFALFA POWELL

Powell alfalfa is the workhorse of the Haystack Mountain POWELL ALFALFA Brand alfalfa line. Powell alfalfa was selected for yield, persistence, nematode resistance and disease resistance so that it will produce under adverse environmental pressures. It is adapted throughout the Western, North Central and Eastern United States. It is proven and trusted and has a perfect 30/30 rating on the Wisconsin Rating Index. ALFALFA POWELL

Powell alfalfa demonstrates high multi-foliate expression resulting in superior forage quality. It is a great choice for commercial hay, beef and dairy producers. It is longer lived than Lander, but is not as adapted to the same harsh environments.

Perfect 30/30 Wisconsin DRI rating Fall Dormancy: 3.0 Winter Survival: 2.0 (Very Good) Root Type: Tap Recovery After Cutting: Fast CERTIFIED, COATED, TREATED and INNOCULATED Alfalfa

35 428RR Roundup Ready Vernal

• Genuity® Roundup Ready® • Deep rooted, likes well drained, deep soils • Unsurpassed weed control • Good drought tolerance • Great forage yield potential • pH range of 5.5-7.5 • Superior forage quality • Widely adapted • High multifoliate leaf expression • Best growth in cool spring and fall temperatures • Germination salt tolerance • An economical “old” variety • Excellent winterhardiness and persistence • Perfect 30/30 rating on Wisconsin Disease Index Falcata

• Superior drought resistance FSG 423st & FSG 639st • Enters dormancy when water is limited SALT TOLERANT • Emerges when water returns • Winter-hardy and tolerates pH up to 8.5 • Higher production under saline soil conditions • Persistent in harsh grazing applications • Fine stemmed, superior forage • Should not be grazed until the second year • Persistent and winter hardy • High resistance to stem nematode • High resistance to northern root knot nematode Ladak II • Widely adapted • Excellent drought tolerance • Widely used and trusted FSG 408DP • Long lived • Superior winter hardiness and persistance • Dual purpose; cut for hay, graze or both • Certified, coated, treated, and innoculated • Wide, deep-set crowns • Stands up to traffic pressure • High yield potential • Superior winter hardiness and persistance Lahontan

• Recovers quickly after cutting • High resistance to the spotted alfalfa aphid • Resistant to bacterial wilt Rancher Special • Practically immune from the stem nematode

• An economic alternative to high-end alfalfas • Widely adapted • Coated, treated, and innoculated Alfalfa • Very good yield for the price

36 Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com Alfalfa

Legumes & Clover 39 (see pg. 40) (see pg. 40) in a mix. (see pg. 40) (see pg. 40) Short-lived introduced perennial Short-lived Good shade tolerance silage, Primarily used for hay, and soil improvement Quick growing crop, easily established, and produces high quality forage Cool-season annual legume performance over High forage soils of range wide an extremely crop for Often used as a cover nitrogen production and weed control Good salt tolerance High nitrogen fixation Synergistic relationship to alfalfa cold Bred for later maturity, and productivity, tolerance, nutritional value multiple Capable of delivering in a single season harvests Drought tolerant, winter hardy Drought tolerant, elk deer, wildlife, Relished by exceeds Can be cut for hay, alfalfa yields on first cutting grazed palatable, Very livestock by • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • applications. Ue as a stand alone item or applications. Ue as Clovers and legumes for a wide range of a wide range and legumes for Clovers Red Clover Red Clover Fixation Balansa Clover Fixation Balansa Clover Clover Berseem Frosty Sainfoin Clover & Legumes & Clover 40 Legumes & Clover Legumes &Clover Dalea purpureum Medicago sativa Medicago sativa Vicia americana Trifolium repens Trifolium repens Astragalus cicer Coronilla varia alexandrinum michelianum corniculatus Vicia villosa incarnatum Onobrychis Scientific esculentum Vicia sativa Fagopyrum fragiferum hybridum officinalis Melilotus purpurea Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium Trifolium pratense viciifolia Name falcata latum Lotus Fixation BalansaClover Frosty BerseemClover Need help? Give usacallat 435.283.1411 |greatbasinseed.com PurplePrairie Clover WhiteDutchClover Yellow Sweetclover Strawberry Clover Common Name BirdsfootTrefoil American Vetch Cicer Milkvetch Crimson Clover Common Vetch Ladino Clover Yellow Alfalfa Alsike Clover Crownvetch Hairy Vetch Buckwheat Red Clover Sainfoin Alfalfa Type P/B P/B A A A A A B P P P P P P P P P P P P used forwildflowermixes andhabitatimprovement. Adapts tofullorpartialsun.Common winterfodder Good erosioncontrolspecies.Nitrogen fixing,good Spreading legumewithstrongalkalitolerance. Very Often usedasacover cropfornitrogenproduction Widely occurringlegume.Droughttolerant. Useful Spreading legumewithfairacidandsalttolerance. Widely used,beneficialclover forreclamationand pollinator. Goodhighproteinforage forlivestock. Acid, alkaliandsalttolerant. Shortlived. Excellent forage producerusedinpastureandrange mixes. Cold hardyandeasytoestablish.Usefulforbees, Nitrogen fixinglegumetolerant ofsaltandalkali. palatable forage producer, goodforreclamation. Top choiceforshort-rotation,weedsuppressing A tallerversion ofWhite DutchClover withless Widely adaptedheavy forage andhay producer. Long lived nitrogenfixingforage legume, yellow A lowwaternitrogenfixinglegume.Commonly later maturity, coldtolerance, productivity, and flowers. Morepersistentanddroughttolerant and weedcontrol.Cool-seasonannuallegume. Performs wellonwetandpoorlydrained sites. Easily establishedwinterhardynitrogenfixing Long lived, very importantlegume,frequently for livestock, wildlifeandrange improvement. green manure.Usedforroadsidevegetation, watershed stabilizationanderosioncontrol. Winter hardyforage producer, excellent for Useful inpoorsoilsandforerosioncontrol. Good salttolerance. Highnitrogenfixation. Synergistic relationshiptoalfalfa.Bredfor hay, pasturemixes andreclamationwith disturbed sites,butlowinforage value. Also usefulinrange andpasturemixes. planted withpasturegrasses. Handles legume. Shortlived. Usedfordryland, Grain forage crop, beepasture,and pastures, anderosioncontrolsites. for cattle.Cover crop.Weedy. soil improving cover crop. grazing tolerance. sufficientwater. nutritional value pasture andhay. heavy grazing. than alfalfa. Uses Precip. Min. 10” 20” 15” 12” 20” 10” 18” 15” 12” 18” 18” 18” 18” 25” 17” 32” 25 9” 8” 8” 1/4- 3/4” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 3/4” 1/4- 3/4” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 3/4” 1/2- 3/4” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/8- 1/4” 1/4 -1” 1/2- 1” Sow 1/4” 1/4” 1/4” 1/2” 1/2” 1/4” Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Sowing Summer Summer Season Spring, Spring Spring or Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall

Legumes & Clover 41 Seeding Depth/ Item Name Item Info Features Rate per Acre 70% Kentucky Bluegrass, 3 premium varieties 5 lbs. per 1,000 Premium Lawn & Well suited for yards and landscapes. Not suited for high traffic areas such as sport sq. ft. or 250 Turf Blend 30% Perennial Ryegrass areas. Our #1 selling turf blend for 30 years. pounds per acre 2 premium varieties 5-9 pounds per Tall Type Fescue Turf Cool season grass. Preferred for high traffic Three variety blend of turf-type tall fescues areas. Water efficient. Dense, fast growing, 1,000 square Blend and drought tolerant. feet 5-9 pounds per Patagonia Turf Tall Our go-to variety for saline soils. Low Single-species item growing, less mowing. Suited for pets and high 1,000 square Fescue traffic. Very dark green. feet 3 pounds per Sundance Turf-type buffalograss. Very drought tolerant. Single-species item Premium turf for dry southern states. Not 1,000 square Buffalograss tolerant of competition or traffic. feet Lawn & Turf 43

435-283-1411 erosion control. erosion Three varieties of turf tall fescue More water efficient than Bluegrass Kentucky areas Preferred in high traffic Dense, green, fast growing on saline soil performance Excellent High density Distinguished leaf texture growth habit Low dark green color Exceptional Buffalograss Turf-type Widely adapted to southern states growing, low maintenance Low of traffic Not tolerant drought tolerant full sun, very Loves 70% Kentucky Bluegrass (3 varieties) Bluegrass 70% Kentucky (2 varieties) Ryegrass 30% Perennial #1 selling turf mix for over 30 years Turf & Lawn & Turf • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • yards, landscaping, sports complexes and sports complexes landscaping, yards, Premium blends and of turf-type species for blends Premium We offer a broad spectrum of turf and lawn seeds not listed in offer a broad We with landscape architects, contract frequently this catalog. We golf courses and municipalities sports complexes, hydroseeders, call! a us Give needs. their to specific mixes turf custom create to Tall Fescue Turf Blend Turf Fescue Tall Fescue Tall Turf Patagonia Sundancer Buffalograss Premium Lawn and Turf Blend Turf and Premium Lawn Blend is specially and Turf Our premium Lawn climates of range a broad for blended throughout the United States. It is the #1 choice of local landscape architects and hydroseeders.

During establishment, your watering cycle watering cycle During establishment, your - frequen should follow a low duration-high establishes, slow- grass cy pattern. As your frequency ly change to a high duration-low schedule. Adapt as local conditions require. How often should I water new grass? is to simply keep The simplest explaination the seed wet. Soil surfaces that are allowed and can crack if below, wet to dry out, even break the tender roots of new grass.

Small Grains 45 (see pg. (see pg. 46) (see pg. 47 & 49) (see pg. 48) (see pg. 46) Beardless Wheat Beardless Barley Oats • • • SmallGrains Fast growing small grains for every need, a for every grains small growing Fast Our Prosper 3 Grain mixture with the with the mixture 3 Grain Our Prosper added benefits of forage peas.Peas add advantages, includingincreased several sweeter feed and a legume green matter, to put nitrogen back in the soil. Blend Fall Forage blend is made up of “fall” or Our fall forage “winter” varieties that can be planted late summer or fall. The mix usually includes fall wheat, triticale and barley. Sorghum Sudangrass Sorghum Sudangrass Our Honeysuckle delayed BMR, standard, features line sorghums. Sorghum maturity and grain gained poularity, have sudangrasses especially in areas where water is short and corn cannot be grown. FX 1001 Fall Triticale Beardless fall triticales are a hot comodity, is FX charge. the leading is 1001 FX and meaning beardless”, “nearly considered no visibile beard, 97% of the heads have a short spike and the other 3% have This varietyor awnlette. produces quailty. tonage and forage unparalleled are a licensed distributor of this PVP We Title V variety. Prosper™ 3-Grain Forage Mix Forage Prosper™ 3-Grain mixture for forage Our premium “3-way” of: or silage with a blend hay Prosper™ Plus with Peas 46) variety of options for every season and purpose. every of options for variety 46 Small Grains weight gain. grain hay. You seenoticeable should preference forProsperover single- should showastrong feeding produce heavy grain. Your cattle straight and tall,resist lodging and grains.single stand varieties The yields andheavy cuttingsover You expect can above average Prosper Plus adds winter field peas. cost. resulting inlessworkandlower have tothrash beforefeeding, livestock. you means also It don’t no eyerespiratory and in problems mean varieties Beardless oats. and beardless wheat, beardless barley, They or silage. of spring blend a are foragepremium forhay mixtures Prosper andPlusare HIGH YIELD! Prosper 3Grain andProsperPlusForage Mixtures

Intermountain West. the in name household a product havevariety and balance this made The broad-spectrum nutrition like straight oats or straight triticale. problem with single-grain planting nitrate poisoning, a worrisome need notconcernyourself with of grainsA mixture youmeans also BEARDLESS FORAGESEED PREMIUM QUALITYPREMIUM WITH N et W PEAS eight Lbs.

[ fall andwintersowing. or “winter”varietiesintendedfor “fall” are blend in this varieties The Prosper 3-Grain Forage Blend, Patterned afterourtraditional Beardless Wheat andTriticale. way” blendofBeardlessBarley, forage fall Our “3- a is blend Fall Forage Blend field. NoahStevens production seed 1001 FX Certified Right: Jason Stevens Left: Fall forage nearSpanishFork,blend UT. FX 1001 is a new “nearly beardless” variety. 97% of the plants are completely awnless. The remaining 3% have a very short dwarf beard or awnlette. FX 1001 was bred specifically for forage production, and it does the job with accolades. Expect high yields.

• Nearly Awnless: 97% of plants are completely awnless to reduce incidences of lump-jaw, sore eyes, and other similar concerns in livestock feeding situations.

• High Yielding: Consistently high forage yields in a variety of irrigated and dryland trials.

• Cost-Effective Seed Production: Solid seed yield for efficient seed expansion and sales.

• Cold Hardy: Bred to perform in the harsh northern climates of Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming.

Developed by Montana State University. FX 1001 is a PVP Title V variety. Sales, distribution and sowing are regulated and closely monitored by state and federal agencies. We are proud to be a licensed grower and FXdistributor of1001 this premium triticale. Beardless Fall Triticale

47 48 Small Grains Bred specificallyforsilage Honeysuckle Silage: 30-35% lesslignin. Honeysuckle withtheBMR(brown mid-rib) trait. Honeysuckle BMR: in higheryield,proteinandlesslignin. days. growing more 25-30 resulting late, out Heads Honeysuckle delayed with trail, maturity in resulting Honeysuckle DM: situations. Excels inawidevarietyofsoils,climatesand sudangrass. sorghum high-production standard Our Honeysuckle: and wearealicensedgrowerdistributor. Variety or“Plant PVP a Protection” product, to maintaintheawnless character. Baldwinis by beplanted must It demand. October early mixture. Itisanimpressive barley and isinhigh forage ofourfall component a is It triticale. and barley six-row mixed tall, a usually is wheat with Agriculturalat theUtah It Station. Experiment barleyBaldwin awnletted developed fall a is variety Sorghum Sudangrass Awnletted Barley • • • • • • Need help? Give usa call at435.283.1411| greatbasinseed.com with wheatandtriticale High nutritioncontentwhencompared Awnless, easierforanimalstoeat. Intermountain regionofU.S. Forage feed Must beirrigated Fall planted Honeysuckle Baldwin Fall

Below: Above: Fall forage blendnearSpanishFork, UT. JasonStevens Honeysuckletestplots,TX.JasonStevens

aldwin AWNLETTED

FALL BARLEY 8

SHORT Sorghum Sudangrass Sorghum

BEARD

www.haystackmtn.com y Small Grains 49

Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall or Fall or Fall Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Season Sowing Late Spring Late Spring or Late Spring or Early Summer Early Summer Sow lbs. acre lbs. acre lbs. acre lbs. acre 100-120 100-120 100-120 100-120 Drill 40 lbs Drill 50 lbs Drill 40 lbs 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre 100 lbs acre Broadcast 50 lbs Broadcast 65 lbs Broadcast 50 lbs Small Grains Peas Oats Oats generally mean a beard shorter than a conventional beard. shorter than a conventional a beard mean generally mixes mixes mixes mixes mixes mixes mixes. Otana Rymin Triticale Magnum Awnletted Giant Oats Honeysuckle Honeysuckle Beardless Barley Beardless Barley Beardless Barley Beardless Barley Beardless Wheat Beardless Wheat Beardless Wheat Beardless Wheat Honeysuckle DM Honeysuckle Honeysuckle Silage Honeysuckle Intimidator, Walken, Walken, Intimidator, Additional Info: Additional PVP Certified Variety PVP Certified PVP Certified Variety. Variety. PVP Certified PVP Certified Variety. Variety. PVP Certified Awnletted, facultative The terms awnlette, dwarf beard or spikelet are interchangeable and interchangeable are or spikelet The terms awnlette, dwarf beard Derby, Monaco, Monida, Derby, Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Component of our forage Uses stabilization. Walken Oats Walken hay and silage. hay High quality feed. reaching 5-6 feet tall. Second Cutting 30-35 Awnletted fall triticale. grain. Fair forage value. Fair forage grain. First cutting 50-55 days First cutting 60-75 days First cutting 60-75 Days Awnletted spring triticale low propensity for lodging. low propensity for lodging. Second Cutting 25-30 days Second Cutting 35-40 days dwarf beard characteristics. alone item or in forage mixes. alone item or in forage Beardless fall wheat. High yield. Beardless soft white spring wheat. Many adaptations and applications. Many the addition of Austrian forage peas. the addition of Austrian forage triticale. Excellent forage production. forage triticale. Excellent Popular, very tall fall beardless wheat. tall fall beardless very Popular, commonly use Intimidator, Magnum and commonly use Intimidator, New “nearly beardless” fall variety of fall Very tall, high production oats frequently tall, high production Very Variety used depends upon availability. We We used depends upon availability. Variety Common small grain species used as a stand species Common small grain between wheat and rye. Short-term crop for Short-term between wheat and rye. Annual, drought tolerant, sterile hybrid cross sterile hybrid tolerant, Annual, drought Early maturing, drought tolerant spring small Early maturing, drought tolerant Top selling item. Very good forage production. good forage selling item. Very Top Premium 6-row grain barley. High test weight, barley. Premium 6-row grain Critical grain species in the world food market. in the world food market. species Critical grain Premium Prosper 3-Grain Forage Mixture with Forage Premium Prosper 3-Grain Awnletted fall barley. Impressive forage results. forage Impressive Awnletted fall barley. #1 selling grain product. Ideal for rotation crop, #1 selling grain Must be planted before October 10 to maintain Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com Need help? Give Oats Name Giant Oats Forage Mix Forage Twin Wheat Twin Prosper™ with Luoma Triticale Tyndall Triticale Tyndall Brundage Wheat FX 1001 Triticale Fall Forage Blend Fall Forage Annual Rye Grain Annual Rye Prosper™ 3 Grain Prosper™ 3 Grain Goldeneye Barley Goldeneye Giant or “Tree” Oat Giant or “Tree” Forerunner Triticale Forerunner Willow Creek Wheat Sorghum Sudangrass Sorghum Sudangrass Sorghum Sudangrass

Lavina Beardless Barley Lavina

Prosper™ Plus with Peas Baldwin Awnletted Barley

Grain Mixes Grain Fall Small Grains Small Fall Spring Small Grains Small Spring

Grasses 51 (see pg. 55) (see pg. 53) (see pg. 53) (see pg. 53) 435-283-1411 (see pg. 52) Grasses conjuntion with our website to help you conjuntion with our If you need one-on-one help, give us a call! need one-on-one help, give If you varieties that span every state and climate every that span varieties Slender Wheatgrass Slender Wheatgrass slender is An amazing, rugged producer, 10,000 feet to over adapted from sea level open to plots irrigated from elevation, in akali and and dryland. It tolerates range salt, too! Orchardgrass Orchardgrass isa well-know andwidely Orchardgrass hay It can be cut for used pasture grass. available, varieties are Many grazed. or maturing late and mid early, including pasture to can tailor your varieties so you schedule. cutting and grazing your Grass Teff need a fast establishing, high If you production annual then this is thegrass of cold. Plant It is not tolerant for you. after frost season then watch it grow! Intermediate Wheatgrass is intermediate wheatgrass, crested Like and is widly used all a staple pasture grass and world. It is drought tolerant the over widely adapted. Crested Wheatgrass Crested Wheatgrass is one of the most Crested wheatgrass dryland adapted widely used, frequently varieties Several available. grasses range each adapted to specific are available, climates and outcomes. We offer over 150 different grasses and grass grasses 150 different offer over We select species adapted to your site and needs. to your select species adapted zone in the contiguous USA. Use this section in zone in the contiguous 52 Grasses Warm Season Grasses Distichlis spicata Psathyrostachys Schoenoplectus Schizachyrium Eragrostis Tef Curtipendula Andropogon cryptandrus Scientific dactyloides Sporobolus Sporabolus Pleuraphis scoparium Bouteloua Bouteloua mantimus Buchloe airoides Name jamesii gerardi gracilis juncea Common Name Russian Wildrye Sideoats Grama Inland Saltgrass Sand Dropseed Little Bluestem Alkali Sacaton Alkali Bulrush Galleta Grass Big Bluestem Buffalograss Blue Grama Teff Grass Type A P P P P P P P P P P P improvement. Droughttolerant warmseasongrass. Short sodforminggrass, very importantspecieson early andremainspalatablelate.Droughttolerant. palatability andforage quality. Idealforhorsesand former. Commonlyusedfordrylandimprovement. Very importantrange andpasturespecies.Greens Long lived anddroughttolerant. Importantforage prairie. Usedforerosioncontrolandreclamation. Dominant grass speciesofMidwesterntallgrass improvement. Tolerates occasionalflooding.Salt Very droughttolerant warmseason,bunch/sod Drought tolerant, usefulforwildlife-especially tolerance forsaltandalkali. Generally requires dryland grass. Producesmoreforage thanblue Warm season bunchgrass, widelydistributed. Very usefulinhighalkali,salt.Strongsod Largest andmostcoarsegrama grass. Superb Used forsoilstabilizationandwildlifehabitat Wetland species,formsdensestands.Strong the Midwestprairies. Excellent forage grass. grama. Commoncomponentofrange lands. High yieldingannualforage grass. Excellent Used forerosioncontrol,range andhabitat species, themostwide-spreadandprolific forming species.Warm season,drought High qualityforage foralllivestock. livestock. Excellent rotationalcrop. and alkalitolerant. standing water. tolerant grass. of thegramas. Uses birds.

Precip. Min. 14” 18” 12” 15” 30” 12” 8” 8” 8” 7” 7” 5” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/2- 3/4” 1/2- 3/4” 1/8- 1/2” 1/2- 3/4” Sow 1/4” 1/4” 1/4” 1/2” 1/2” Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Sowing Summer Summer Summer Summer Summer Summer Summer Summer Summer Summer Summer Season or Early or Early Spring Spring Spring Late

Grasses 53

Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Season Sowing Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Sow 1 - 3“ 1/4-1/2” 1/4-1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/2- 3/4” 1/2- 3/4” 1/4- 1/2“ 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 5” 5” 7” 8” 6“ 7” 9” 7” 5” 16” 12” 14” 11” 16” 12” 10” 14” 20” Min. 10-16” Precip.

Cool Season Grasses Season Cool Uses and cutting. Bunchgrass. for reclamation. Soil stabilization. good palatability. Deep root system. area improvement. Agropyron cristatum. Agropyron climates and water needs. reclamation, improvement. and fire tolerant. Highly valued for and fire tolerant. restoration. Moderate pH tolerance. Moderate restoration. season sod former. Excellent species Excellent season sod former. at high elevation. Useful for disturbed at high elevation. for disturbed areas and erosion control. Sod forming cool season grass, adapted to adapted Sod forming cool season grass, High value pasture and forage cool season cool High value pasture and forage Agropyron desertorum. Late maturing and desertorum. Late maturing Agropyron for pasture or hay. Good for erosion control. for pasture or hay. Very drought tolerant bunchgrass. Similar to bunchgrass. drought tolerant Very not long lived. Recovers quickly after grazing quickly after grazing Recovers not long lived. drained soils. Excellent food source for birds. soils. Excellent drained tolerance. Adapted from 2,500 to 9,000 feet. Adapted from 2,500 tolerance. Widely distributed throughout the West from Widely distributed throughout the West Hybrid released for its vigor, cold and drought Hybrid released for its vigor, Widely distributed, very drought tolerant cool drought tolerant Widely distributed, very Short lived bunchgrass. A good choice for high bunchgrass. Short lived Frequently used and abundant forage/pasture used and abundant forage/pasture Frequently Drought tolerant, larger and more robust than Drought tolerant, bunchgrass. Moderate alkali and salt tolerance. alkali and salt tolerance. Moderate bunchgrass. pasture. Establishes well, long lived, aggressive. long lived, pasture. Establishes well, Very important range grass for reclamation and grass important range Very High elevation needlegrass in the Intermountain in the needlegrass High elevation grass. Many varieties adapted to many purposes, varieties adapted to many Many grass. low foothills to sub-alpine. Very drought tolerant. drought tolerant. low foothills to sub-alpine. Very Long lived cool season bunchgrass. Cold, drought cool season bunchgrass. lived Long Cool season densely tufted bunchgrass. Excellent Excellent Cool season densely tufted bunchgrass. Excellent pasture grass, recovers quickly. Suitable quickly. recovers pasture grass, Excellent waterways and inundation. Also drought tolerant. waterways Excellent for erosion control, reclamation, habitat Excellent Important range species for arid climates and well species for Important range West. Grows in mountain meadows and on slopes. Grows in mountain meadows and on West. Widely adapted cool season bunchgrass, performs performs Widely adapted cool season bunchgrass, Fast establishing native cool season bunchgrass. Is cool season bunchgrass. Fast establishing native forage producer, used in pastures. Can be invasive. producer, forage elevation pasture, soil stabilization and reclamation. pasture, soil elevation Strong and aggressive rhizomatous grass. Abundant rhizomatous grass. Strong and aggressive P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Type Tall Fescue Tall Wheatgrass Wheatgrass Idaho Fescue Orchardgrass Smooth Brome Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com Need help? Give Meadow Brome Indian Ricegrass Hycrest Crested Hycrest Creeping Foxtail Mountain Brome Common Name Common Standard Crested Dahurian Wildrye Slender Wheatgrass Crested Wheatgrass Siberian Wheatgrass Thickspike Wheatgrass Thickspike Letterman Needlegrass Letterman Bottlebrush Squirreltail Snake River Wheatgrass River Snake Streambank Wheatgrass Elymus Elymus Elymus Elymus Name Bromus Bromus Bromus Bromus Festuca Festuca Festuca Festuca Dactylis sibiricum cristatum glomerata Agropyron Agropyron Agropyron idahoensis lettermanii Alopecurus marginatus lanceolatus lanceolatus desertorum desertorum Scientific Scientific hymenoides biebersteinii arundinacea trachycaulus trachycaulus trachycaulus arundinaceus A. cristatum x Achnatherum Achnatherum Achnatherum wawawaiensis psammophilus Bromus inermis Bromus Agropyron fragile fragile Agropyron Elymus dahuricus Elymus elymoides 54 Grasses Cool Season Grasses Phleum pratense Leymus cinereus Nassella viridula comata Poa fendleriana Pseudorogneria Lolium perenne Lolium perenne Lolium perenne Juncus balticus Elytriga repens Festuca ovina Festuca rubra Poa pratensis Hesperostipa Poa secunda Poa secunda arundinacea Pascopyrum trachyphylla multiflorum multiflorum Scientific macrantha sandbergii spicata x Koeleria Phalaris perenne Festuca Name smithii ampla Need help? Give usacallat 435.283.1411 |greatbasinseed.com Needle &ThreadGrass Western Wheatgrass Creeping RedFescue Kentucky Bluegrass Sandberg Bluegrass Hybrid Wheatgrass Green Needlegrass Perennial Ryegrass Reed Canarygrass Common Name Prairie Junegrass Annual Ryegrass Italian Ryegrass Basin Wildrye Sheep Fescue Big Bluegrass Muttongrass Hard Fescue Baltic Rush Timothy Type B or A A P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Excellent harsh-sitespeciesforreclamation,erosion control, habitatimprovement. Commonlyoccurring. Hybrid ofBluebunchWheatgrass andQuack-Grass. Important speciesafterfireordisturbance.Needles Long lived, tall,sturdybunchgrass. Importantrange, Widely distributedandadapted.Growssealevel to Drought tolerant, coolseasongrass. Very usefulfor Used forquickcover inerosioncontrolplantingsor Widely distributedcoolseasonbunchgrass. 4,000- Well adaptedtoclay soils.Fairalkali,salttolerance. Sod formingbunchgrass. Shadeandacidtolerance. wildlife andlivestock. Valuable restoration species. used forcover crops, hay, pasture,erosioncontrol. Widely adaptable.May becomeweedyorinvasive. widely occurring.Goodforwetlandsrestoration. alpine zones.Mostfrequentlyusedforlawn, turf. An easilyestablished,vigorouscoolseasongrass Turf andrevegetation species.SimilartoFestuca Wetlands grass-like, rhizomatous.Commonand Thrives inwetlandsandpoordrained soils.Fair A tough&robustdroughttolerant, coolseason Cool season,rhizomatous.Highsalt tolerance. Sought afterforhay, pastureandstabilization. Strong rhizomes,sodforming.Long lived, cool bunchgrass. Goodforage, valuedformining& Densely tufted,droughttolerant, coolseason Used forturf, soilstabilization,steepslopes. A widelyusedpasture,hay andrange grass. alkali andsalttolerance. Canbeaggressive. ovina buttaller, lessdroughttolerant and Tetraploid varietiesarebestforpasture, season droughttolerant. Latematuring Establishes well,notdroughttolerant. grass. Widelyusedforpasture,range, with longawns. Valuable native grass, Winter hardy. Valuable fordisturbed 12,000 feet.Usedforreclamation, wildlife andreclamationspecies. habitat improvement. Abundant andhardy. widelydistributed. Fair salttolerance. site improvement. sitereclamation. more aggressive. disturbed areas. diploid forturf. and palatable. for forage. Uses Precip. Min. 12” 14” 15” 10” 18” 10” 16” 16” 12” 12” 11” 10” 7” 8” 8” 7” 9” 8” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/8- 1/4” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/2- 3/4” 1/2- 3/4” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 3/4- 1” Sow 1/2” 1/4” 1/4” Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Sowing Season Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall Fall

Grasses 55

Fall Fall Fall Fall Season Sowing Spring or Spring or Spring or Spring or Sow 1/4-1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 1/4- 1/2” 7” 8” 11” 11” Min. Precip. Grass production field new Moscow, ID. Jason Stevens ID. Jason field new Moscow, production Grass Cool Season Grasses Season Cool Below: Uses disturbed sites. for reclamation. to saline and alkaline soils. season sod former. Excellent species Excellent season sod former. bunchgrass. Valuable for watershed, range, for watershed, range, Valuable bunchgrass. and fire tolerant. Excellent forage producer. forage Excellent and fire tolerant. Widely adapted, long lived, drought tolerant drought tolerant long lived, Widely adapted, Widely distributed, very drought tolerant cool drought tolerant Widely distributed, very Long lived cool season sod former. Cold, drought Cold, cool season sod former. lived Long Long lived cool season bunchgrass. Very adaptable adaptable Very cool season bunchgrass. lived Long P P P P Type Tall Wheatgrass Tall Common Name Common Pubescent Wheatgrass Bluebunch Wheatgrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Irrigated pasture mix, central Utah. Jason Stevens mix, central Irrigated pasture Name Below: ponticum intermedia Scientific Scientific Thinopyrum Thinopyrum Thinopyrum intermedium intermedium trichophorum spicata spicata Pseudoroegneria Pseudoroegneria

Wildflowers & Forbs

Flowers from desert lowlands to alpine highlands, and regional wildflower mixes specific to your needs.

Honey Bee Wildflower Mix(see pg. 58) Honey Bee Flower Mix is a blend of 50% annual and 50% perennial flowers that provide nectar and pollen to honey bees

Mountain Wildflower Mix (see pg. 60) An annual and perennial mix for ornamental landscaping in the mountainous regions of the western USA above 7,000 feet in elevation.

Midwest Wildflower Mix (see pg. 61) An annual and perennial mix designed for ornamental landscaping in the midwestern U.S. and south central Canada.

NW Wildflower Mix (see pg. 63) An annual and perennial mix for ornamental landscaping in the northwestern U.S. and extreme western Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes Canada. For elevations below 7,000 feet.

Western Wildflower Mix (see pg. 63) An annual and perennial mix widely adapted for ornamental landscaping in the western U.S. and Canada. For elevations below 7,000 feet.

DOZENS OF MIXES ON OUR WEBSITE

www.greatbasinseed.com

57 FEATUREDHoney PASTURE MIXBee Wildflower Mix

• Annual and perennial mix • Use in ornamental landscaping • Best value in honey bee flower mix on the internet • Excellent for honey bees • Widely adapted to all areas of the United States

Honey Bee Flower Mix is a blend of 50% annual and 50% perennial flowers that provide nectar and pollen to honey bees. These flowers are proven favorites of honey bees in our gardens and will provide bee forage all season long. It is ideal for honey beekeepers and others interested in honey bee health. This mix can be used in garden beds, borders, and other maintained areas. It is widely adapted to all areas of the United States and southern Canada.

The annuals in the mix are prolific seed producers. They will re-seed themselves and return every year. The perennials bloom all summer long and will return from thier root stock. This is the best value in Honey Bee flower

Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes Wildflowers, mix ANYWHERE!

58 Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com If you shop carefully for flower mixes you will see that other suppliers try to mask the actual value by selling very few seeds, adding carrier agents or lowering the coverage rate. A lot of companies actually don’t even disclose the fact that a considerable portion of what you are buying is a carry agent or “inert matter”. Sometimes what you buy is as little as 10% actual seed.

ALL of our flower mixes are sold in one full net pound increments of seed. This means that if you buy a pound, you get a pound of seed. Our wildflower mixes are of tremendous value when compared to other flower mixes on the internet!

One pound of honey bee wildflower mix covers 3,500 sq. ft. and has an average of 365,000 seeds per pound! Inside of every package you will find two bags:

Part 1 is the actual seed mix – one full net pound.

Part 2 is a separately packaged carrier agent to help you disburse and sow the seed.

• 13% - Siberian Wallflower • 9.0% - California Poppy • 9.0% - Calendula • 9.0% - Lance-Leaved Coreopsis • 9.0% - Sulphur Cosmos Mix • 9.0% - Blanketflower • 9.0% - Blue Flax • 7.5% - Sweet Alyssum Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes • 4.5% - Corn Poppy • 4.5% - Rocky Mountain Beeplant • 4.5% - Purple Prairie Clover • 4.5% - Cosmos • 4.5% - Rocky Mountain Penstemon • 2.0% - Lacy Phacelia • 1.0% - Prairie Coneflower • 0.5% - Scarlet Cinquefoil

Righ & facing page: Honey bees near Flowell, Utah. Brackston Dutson. 59 FEATUREDMountain PASTURE MIX Wildflower Mix

• Annual and perennial mix • Use in ornamental landscaping • Adapted to mountain regions of the western U.S. • Use for elevations above 7,000 feet • Promotes pollinating and beneficial insects

Mountain Wildflower Mix is commonly used in conjunction with our Mountain and Cabin Seed Mix to reclaim and beautify road cuts, septic and utility digs and construction sites in mountain park communities, resorts, villages and cabin areas.

Our wildflower mixes are 100% seed . . . there are no “fillers” or “carriers” to dilute the mixture or add bulk and weight. This means our wildflower mixes are of tremendous value when compared to flower mixes from other vendors! Mountain Wildflower Mix is packaged in our durable, attractive canvas “money bags”. Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes Wildflowers,

60 Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com Mountain Wildflower Mix is an annual and perennial mix for ornamental landscaping in the mountainous regions of the western U.S. Use it for elevations above 7,000 feet in:

• Arizona • California • Colorado • Idaho • Montana • Nevada • New Mexico • Oregon • Utah • Washington • Wyoming • Southern parts of Alberta and British Columbia • Suitable for all elevations in southern Alaska

Flowers will provide color throughout the growing season. This mixture contains native species as well as non-native species that are adapted to the region, including:

• Annual Baby’s Breath • Black-Eyed Susan • Blanketflower • Blue Columbine

• Blue Flax Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes • California Poppy • Catchfly • Cornflower • Dwarf Godetia • Fleabane Daisy • Palmer Penstemon • Rocket Larkspur • Rocky Mountain Penstemon • Shasta Daisy • Showy Goldeneye • Siberian Wallflower • Tussock Bellflower

61 Wildflower Mixes

Name Mix Components Zones Features

13% Siberian Wildflower 4.5% Corn Poppy 9% California Poppy 4.5% Rock Mountain Beeplant A blend of 50% annual and 50% 9% Calendula 4.5% Purple Prairie Clover Widely adapted perennial flowers that provide nectar Honeybee 9% Lance-Leaved Coreopsis 4.5% Cosmos to all areas of the and pollen to honey bees. 365,000 Flower Mix 9% Sulphur Cosmos Mix 4.5% Rock Mountain Penstemon United State and seeds per pound! One full pound of 9% Blanketflower 2% Lacy Phacelia southern Canada seed. No fillers or inert matter. Best 9% Blue Flax 1% Prairie Coneflower deal on the internet. 7.5% Sweet Alyssum 0.5% Scarlet Cinqefoil Black-Eyed Susan Ox-Eye Sunflower Cornflower Plains Coreopsis Annual and perennial mix. Designed Corn Poppy Prairie Aster for ornamental landscaping in: Dwarf Evening Primrose Midwest Prairie Coneflower Midwestern U.S. Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Eastern Kansas, Grey-Headed Coneflower Wildflower Purple Coneflower and south central Kentucky, Missouri, Minnesota, Indian Blanket Purple Prairie Clover Canada Michigan, Eastern Nebraska, Ohio and Mix Lance-Leaved Coreopsis Scarlet Flax Wisconsin, Southern half of Manitoba Lavender Hyssop Shasta Daisy and Ontario. Mexican Hat Thickspike Gayfeather New-England Aster Butterfly Milkweed Indian Blanket Composed of nectar producing Smooth Aster Annual Candytuft native wildflowers, garden flowers Monarch Siberian Wallflower Gayfeather Suitable for all and milkweeds. For home gardeners, Butterfly Cosmos Sweet Alyssum US zones except commercial landscaping, and golf Flower Mix Sulphur Cosmos Marigold, Single Florida courses across the US. Contains Rocket Larkspur Mexican Sunflower milkweed which will provide egg-laying Purple Coneflower Zinnia sites and food for monarch caterpillars. Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes Wildflowers,

62 Wildflower Mixes

Name Mix Components Zones Features

25% Slender Wheatgrass 0.75% Sulphur Cosmos Mix 25% Perennial Ryegrass 0.75% Sweet Basil 20% Tall Fescue 0.5% Corn Poppy Mountain regions Mountain 19% Mountain Bromegrass 0.5% Rocky Mtn. Beeplant A superb mountain or foothills mix. of the western Cabin & 1.75% Blue Flax 0.5% Cosmos Annual and perennial mix. Use in U.S. Use for 1% Blanketflower 0.5% Purple Prairie Clover ornamental landscaping. Promotes Contrator elevations 1% Siberian Wallflower 0.5% Rocky Mountain Penstemon pollinating and beneficial insects. Mix 4,000 – 8,000 ft. 0.75% California Poppy 0.5% Lacy Phacelia 0.75% Calendula 0.25% Prairie Coneflower 0.75% Lance-leaf Coreopsis 0.25% Scarlet Cinquefoil Annual and perennial mix. Annual Baby’s Breath Fleabane Daisy Use in ornamental landscaping. Black-Eyed Susan Palmer Penstemon Adapted to Promotes pollinating and beneficial Blanketflower Rocket Larkspur mountain regions insects. Use in: Arizona, California, Mountain Blue Columbine Rocky Mountain Penstemon of the western Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Wildflower Blue Flax Shasta Daisy U.S.. Use for New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, California Poppy Mix Showy Goldeneye elevations above Washington, Wyoming, Southern Catchfly Siberian Wallflower 7,000 feet. parts of Alberta and British Columbia. Cornflower Tussock Bellflower Suitable for all elevations in Dwarf Godetia southern Alaska. Baby Blue-Eyes Globe Gilia Bird’s Eyes Lance-Leaved Coreopsis Annual and perennial mix. Black-Eyed Susan Mountain Phlox 100% Seed! Use for ornamental Northwest Blue Flax Russell Lupine landscaping in the northwestern U.S. For elevations and extreme western Canada. Use for Wildflower California Poppy Scarlet Flax Chinese Houses Shasta Daisy below 7,000 feet elevations below 7,000 feet in: Mix Clarkia Siberian Wallflower Northern California, Western Oregon, Dwarf Godetia Sweet Alyssum Western Washington, and Coastal Corn Poppy Tidy Tips British Columbia. Five-Spot Yellow Lupine Arroyo Lupine Mountain Phlox Five-Spot Desert Marigold California Poppy Clarkia Adapted to Southwest A blend of all-natives adapted to Bird’s Eyes Wild Four O’Clock areas below Native areas below 7-8,000 feet in: Southern Blazing Star Pale Evening Primrose 7-8,000ft. Wildflower California, Southern Nevada, New Mojave Lupine Eaton’s Penstemon in the Mix Mexico, and Arizona. Showy Penstemon Palmer Penstemon Midwest U.S.

California Bluebell Prairie Coneflower Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes Tidy Tips Desert Globemallow African Daisy Mountain Phlox Arroyo Lupine Pale Evening Primrose A combination of annuals and Bird’s Eyes Palmers Penstemon perennials that keep on giving. Blazing Star Prairie Coneflower Adapted to Formulated for these areas: Arizona, Southwest Blue Flax Showy Penstemon areas below New Mexico & West Texas, Southern Wildflower California Bluebell Sweet Alyssum 7,000ft. in the California, Southern Nevada & low Clarkia Mix Tidy Tips elevation Great Basin Province, Corn Poppy Midwest U.S. Small Leaf Globemallow Southern Utah & low elevation Great Desert Marigold Rocky Mountain Penstemon Basin Province Five-Spot Firecracker Penstemon Indian Blanket Annual Candytuft Indian Blanket Blanketflower Pale Evening Primrose Blue Flax Formulated for Palmer Penstemon California Poppy elevations below Combination of annuals and perennials Western Perennial Lupine Clarkia, Cornflower 7,000ft elevation that keep on giving. Mixture is for Wildflower Plains Coreopsis Corn Poppy in the Midwest ornamental landscaping. Contains Prairie Aster Mix Deerhorn Clarkia and western U.S. native and non-native species. Prairie Coneflower Dwarf Evening Primrose Rocky Mountain Penstemon Globe Gilia Showy Goldeneye Greenthread

*Mix recipes may vary slightly depending upon crop & availability

Looking for a custom mix? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com 63 Wildflowers & Forbs

Height Bloom Scientific Name Common Name Type Uses Moisture Color Sun (in.) Period Valuable reclamation and wildlife habitat restoration Full Achillea millefolium White Yarrow P Dry 12-36” MAY-JUL forb. Rhizomatous, can be Sun aggressive. Short lived, drought tolerant. Achillea millefolium Important reclamation and Full Western Yarrow P Dry 6-24” MAY-OCT occidentalis wildlife habitat restoration Sun forb. Rhizomatous.

Colorado Blue High elevation native Dry, Aquilegia coerulea P ornamental. Colorado state 24-36” Shade JUN-AUG Columbine flower. Moderate Widely distributed native Balsamorhiza Arrowleaf forb. Important reclamation Dry, Full P 16-36” MAY-JUL sagittata Balsamroot and wildlife habitat species. Moderate Sun Drought tolerant. Excellent disturbed site species, common along Full Cleome lutea Yellow Beeplant A roadsides and valley Dry 12-36” MAY-AUG bottoms. Very drought Sun tolerant. Valuable reclamation and Rocky Mountain wildlife habitat restoration Full Cleome serrulata A Dry 24-36” JUL-SEP Beeplant forb. Very drought tolerant. Sun Widely adapted. Widely adapted throughout Purple Prairie the US. Plant full sun, Full/ Echinacea purpurea P Dry 24-48” APR-SEP Coneflower moderate drought tolerance. Partial Common in mixes. Mid to sub-alpine flower, adapted to intermountain Full/ Erigeron speciosus Aspen Daisy P Moderate 12-24” JUN-SEP and northwest regions. Partial Blooms summer. Widely distributed drought Eriogonum tolerant forb. Excellent for Full/ Sulfur Buckwheat P Dry 6-18” JUN-SEP umbellatum wildlife habitat and insect Partial populations. Easy to establish, spreading forb. Drought tolerant, Eschscholzia Full California Poppy P prolific seed producer. Dry 12-36” FEB-OCT californica Widely adapted to Sun western US. Adapted to most of US states, widely used in Full Gaillardia aristata Blanketflower P Dry 12-48” JUL-SEP disturbed site mixes. Sun Establishes well, persistent. Easily established, Firewheel or grows in most soils and Full/ Gaillardia pulchella A ecotypes. Commonly Dry 12-36” MAY-AUG Indian Blanket used for wildflower mixes, Partial reclamation. Predominantly found at sub- Geranium Sticky Purple alpine elevations. Blooms P Moist 12-36” Any MAY-AUG viscosissimum Geranium late summer, leaves and stems produce sticky resin.

Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes Wildflowers, Very valuable nitrogen- Hedysarum boreale fixing forb for habitat Dry, Full/ Utah Sweetvetch P 12-24” APR-AUG utahensis improvement, disturbed sites Moderate Partial and reclamation. 64 Wildflowers & Forbs

Height Bloom Scientific Name Common Name Type Uses Moisture Color Sun (in.) Period Excellent pollinator. Valuable for wildlife habitat, especially Full Helianthus annuus Annual Sunflower A Dry 36-84” JUL-OCT birds. Widely adapted, Sun establishes well.

Mid to high elevation forb, Full will grow in dense stands. Dry, Heliomeris multiflora Showy Goldeneye P 12-48” Sun, JUL-OCT Establishes well, very showy. Moderate Good for reclamation. Partial

Common in the high plateau Full areas of the intermountain Scarlet Gilia P Dry 12-36” Sun, AUG-OCT Ipomopsis aggregata west. Very showy trumpet- like flowers Partial

Common to the mountains of Full Ligusticum porteri Licorice Root P the west. Likes loamy Moist 24-60” Sun, JUL-SEPT moist areas. Shade

Drought tolerant showy forb Full Linum grandiflorum adapted throughout US. Not Dry, Scarlet Flax A 12-36” Sun, MAY-AUG rubrum as commonly used as Lewis Moderate Blue Flax. Partial

Drought tolerant showy forb Full adapted throughout US. Lewis Blue Flax P Dry 12-20” Sun, MAR-SEP Linum lewisii Very palatable, valuable for reclamation and wildlife. Partial Drought tolerant but short lived. Used in beautification, Full Linum perenne Perennial Blue Flax P Dry 18-30” MAR-SEP reclamation and wildlife Sun habitat mixes. Occurs in most sub-alpine mountainous regions of the Dry, Lupinus alpestris Mountain Lupine P 18-24” Any JUN-SEP west. Poisonous to livestock Moderate if eaten exclusively.

Occurs at lower elevations Full than Lupinus alpestris. Dry, Lupinus argenteus Silvery Lupine P 36-60” Sun, MAY-OCT Important in reclamation and Moderate

wildflower mixes. Partial Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes

Small purple/pink flowers. Full Lupinus arizonicus Arizona Lupine P Adapted to the desert Dry 12-24” Sun, APR-MAY southwest. Drought tolerant. Partial

Yellow to blue flowers. Dry, Full Lupinus caudatus Tailcup Lupine P Adapted to mountain and 36-60” JUL-OCT foothills of the western USA Moderate Sun

Deep purple flower, grows Full Penstemon from foothills to sub-alpine. Wasatch Penstemon P Dry 18-30” Sun, APR-MAY cyananthus Used in wildflower and reclamation mixes. Partial

Occurs in sandy/poor soils Full Firecracker in most western states. Penstemon eatonii P Dry 24-36” Sun, MAY-AUG Penstemon Attractive wildflower. Short lived, prolific seed producer. Partial Common in the intermountain and Full Penstemon palmeri Palmers Penstemon P southwest. Low to mid Dry 36-60” MAY-JUN elevations, does well on Sun disturbed and fire sites.

65 Wildflowers & Forbs

Height Bloom Scientific Name Common Name Type Uses Moisture Color Sun (in.) Period

High elevation penstemon Full Penstemon rydbergii Rydbergs Penstemon P occurring in meadows and Dry 12-24” JUN-JUL open slopes. Ornamental. Sun Thrives in foothills and Rocky Mountain mid elevation mountains. Full/ Penstemon strictus P Dry 12-36” MAY-JUN Penstemon Ornamental, widely used in Partial wildlife & reclamation mixes. Common in the Prairie Coneflower, intermountain and Full Ratibida columnifera P southwest. Low to mid Dry, Moist 12-36” MAY-SEP Mexican Hat elevations, does well on Sun disturbed and fire sites. Rudbeckia Good for stabilization and Full Western Coneflower P Dry 24-48” JUN-NOV occidentalis wildflower mixes. No petals. Sun Prolific seed producer adapted to most of the US. Full Rudbeckia hirta Black Eyed Susan P Dry, Moist 12-36” JUN-OCT Blooms all summer. Common Sun in wildflower mixes. Good forage producer, establishes easy. Used in Full Sanguisorba minor Small Burnet P Dry 6-24” JUN-AUG pasture and reclamation Sun mixes. Good pollinator.

Blooms spring and occurs Full Sphaeralcea ambigua Desert Globemallow P predominantly in the desert Dry 24-60” FEB-NOV southwest. Drought tolerant. Sun Common in poor soils of the intermountain west. Very Full Sphaeralcea coccinea Scarlet Globemallow P Dry 6-12” APR-SEP short, rhizomatous. Valuable Sun for reclamation. Deeply lobed leaves. Sphaeralcea Gooseberryleaf Drought tolerant and cold- Full P Dry 18-40” MAY-JUL grossularifolia Globemallow hardy. Common in the low Sun elevation arid deserts. Widely distributed in the arid, poor soils of the Full Sphaeralcea Munro’s P desert intermountain and Dry 12-36” Sun, MAY-JUL munroana Globemallow southwest. Similar to Partial Small-Leaf. Widely distributed in Small-leaf the arid, poor soils of the Full Sphaeralcea parvifolia P desert intermountain and Dry 24-36” MAY-JUL Globemallow southwest. Similar Sun to Munro’s. Occurs mid to sub-alpine elevations. Useful for cover Dry, Full Wyethia mollis Mules Ear P 18-42” MAY-JUL and stabilization but low Moderate Sun in palatability. Wildflowers, Forbs and Wildflower Mixes Wildflowers,

66 Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com 67

Shrubs & Sub-shrubs

Shrub seeds hand-collected in the wide open spaces of the American West. We are one of the largest purveyors of native shrub seeds in the USA.

Our shrub seed expertise is one of the specialties that set us apart. Our knowledge of ecotypes, subspecies, collection sites, harvest methods and processing are specialized. We drive tens of thousands of miles annually locating suitable collection sites. The vast majority of our shrub seeds are still collected by hand.

Our work in shrubs began in the early 1970’s when the study of seed species for range improvement was in it’s infancy. We have grown steadily and expanded our capabilities to meet the rising demand for native shrub seed. We designed and fabricated much of our own collection and cleaning machinery as we learned the nuances specific to each species. As the decades and demands evolved a specialized industry materialized. We are proud to be a pioneering company in this important industry.

We offer source identified and source origin shrub seeds from most states in

the Intermountain West. Give us a call if Shrubs and Sub-shrubs you require seed for specific locations or require a custom collection effort.

69 Shrubs and Sub-shrubs

70 Shrubs & Sub-Shrubs

Scientific Min. Sowing Common Name Type Uses Sow Name Precip. Season Amelanchier Valuable shrub for wildlife habitat, disturbed site Saskatoon Serviceberry P 12” 1/4-1/2” Fall alnifolia restoration. Fruits used by birds and mammals. Amelanchier Similar to Saskatoon, provides excellent cover and food Utah Serviceberry P 10” 1/4-1/2” Fall utahensis for wildlife and birds. Artemisia Excels in poor soils and unproductive sites from 2,000- Low Sagebrush P 6” 1/8” Fall arbuscula 10,000 ft. Valued for wildlife habitat & disturbed sites. Frequently occurs in meadows, near streams and moist Artemisia cana Silver Sagebrush P soil at high elevations. Important for 9” 1/8” Fall sage grouse. Occurs in the desert southwest in sand soils, dunes, Sand Sagebrush P 7” 1/8” Fall Artemisia filifolia well drained soil from 2,000-7,000 feet.

Widely distributed in the western states. Mat-forming, Spring or Artemisia frigida Fringed Sagebrush P cold-tolerant sub-shrub. Tolerant of 7” 1/16” poor soils. Fall Widely distributed in western states, mostly in alpine Artemisia Prairie Sage (Louisiana Spring or P meadows. Rhizomatous, herbaceous 10” 1/16” ludoviciana Sage) sub-shrub. Fall

Evergreen shrub, occurs in rocky soils on exposed Spring or Artemisia nova Black Sagebrush P ridges and slopes. Good for deer, antelope, 6” 1/4” sage grouse. Fall

Artemisia Critical and widely distributed N. American shrub. Occurs mainly in drainage bottoms, low foothills and Fall or tridentata Basin Big Sagebrush P 9” 1/8” more fertile sites. Tallest A. tridentata species. Highly Winter tridentata valued for restoration and habitat improvement.

Artemisia Occurs on western US mountain slopes, high benches and parks from 3,000-9,500 ft. Valuable shrub for Fall or tridentata Mountain Big Sagebrush P 12” 1/4” habitat improvement, disturbed area restoration and Winter vaseyana sage grouse. Tolerates poor soils. Widely distributed in western US, critical to many Artemisia forms of wildlife. Most drought tolerant A. Tridentata. Fall or tridentata Wyoming Big Sagebrush P Extremely important wildlife species, especially Sage 7” 1/4” Winter wyomingensis Grouse. Very valuable for reclamation of disturbed sites. Thrives in washes, foothills, dunes and mesas. Excellent Atriplex alkali and salt tolerance. Abundant forage, key species Fourwing Saltbrush P 6” 1/4-1/2” Fall canescens for habitat improvement. Used for mine and disturbed site reclamation. Excellent alkali and salt tolerance, thrives on well Atriplex drained dry slopes, lowlands and ridges. Abundant, Shadscale Saltbrush P 5” 1/2” Fall confertifolia palatable forage for wildlife and livestock. Excellent winter feed. Important reclamation species.

Short alkali and salt tolerant sub-shrub. Common to Shrubs and Sub-shrubs Atriplex the Colorado Plateau and north eastern Utah where Mat Saltbrush P 5” 1/4” Fall corrugata it is used for mine reclamation. Naturally occurs in badlands, clay and poor soils. Found in abundance on WY clay badlands. Very salt Gardners Saltbrush P 6” 1/2” Fall Atriplex gardneri and alkali tolerant. Important for mine reclamation. Cercocarpus Curl-leaf Mountain Evergreen shrub, grows tree-like, often in stands/ P 12” 1/4-1/2” Fall ledifolius Mahogany forests. Nutritious browse. Valuable for reclamation. Cercocarpus More shrub-like, shorter and drought tolerant than C. Birchleaf Mahogany P 9” 1/4-1/2” Fall montanus var. ledifolius. Palatable, valuable for reclamation, wildlife. glaber

71 Shrubs & Sub-Shrubs

Scientific Min. Sowing Common Name Type Uses Sow Name Precip. Season Chrysothamnus Yellow or Douglas Valuable for reclamation and habitat improvement. P 6” 1/8” Fall viscidiflorus Rabbitbrush Deciduous, winter hardy. Ericameria Widely distributed in western US. Establishes well, Rubber Rabbitbrush P 9” 1/2” Fall nauseosa spreads aggressively. Excellent for soil stabilization. Ephedra Evergreen shrub, good alkali and salt tolerance. Good Nevada Ephedra P 5” 1/2” Fall nevadensis for winter browse, wildlife habitat improvement. Evergreen shrub. Good for winter cover/browse, Green Ephedra P 7” 1/2” Fall Ephedra viridis wildlife habitat improvement, reclamation. Kraschen- Highly nutritious for livestock and wildlife. Sub-shrub 1/16- Winterfat P 5” Fall innikovia lanata moderately tolerant of salt and alkali. 1/4” A dominant evergreen species in the Mojave and Sonora ecosystems. Very heat and drought tolerant, Spring or Larrea tridentata Creosote Bush P 4” 1/4” very long lived (up to 1500 years). Good cover for Fall wildlife, occurs in alluvial fans, plains and badlands.

Tolerant of high precip. Toxic for livestock, but Spring or Mahonia repens Creeping Oregon Grape P important for wildlife. Occurs from sea level 12” 1/4-1/2” to 10,000’ Fall

Large shrub/tree (thicket forming) common from Spring or Prunus virginiana Chokecherry P 12” 1/2-1” 1,000-9,000’. Grows in most soils, north slopes. Fall Found in the desert intersection of UT, NV, CA, AZ. Purshia Establishes and persists on harsh sites. Excellent Desert Bitterbrush P 6” 1/2-1” Fall glandulosa food and cover for wildlife. Used for disturbed areas, reclamation and habitat improvement. Purshia mexicana Long lived shrub/tree found on harsh intermountain Cliffrose P 7” 1/4-1/2” Fall stansburiana sites, rocky shallow soils. Very good wildlife cover. Valuable shrub in mountain west, occurs from sea level Purshia Antelope Bitterbrush P to 10,000’. Excellent winter feed for livestock and 8” 1/2-1” Fall tridentata wildlife. Important for range and habitat improvement. Used for revegetation and landscaping. Forms thickets, Smooth Sumac P 10” 1/4-1/2” Fall Rhus glabra spreads via aggressive roots. Widely distributed. Drought tolerant but commonly found along gullies Skunkbrush Sumac P 10” 1/4-1/2” Fall Rhus trilobata and seasonal stream beds. Used for restoration. Aggressive, early establishing in stream bottoms, ditch Woods Rose P 12” 1/2-3/4” Fall Rosa woodsii banks, fence lines. Valuable for birds. Sambucus nigra Found from sea level to 9,000’. Grows along streams, Blue Elderberry P 12” 1/4” Fall cerulea roadsides, moist areas. Berries valuable for wildlife. Sambucus Similar to Sambacus nigara but occurs at high elevation Red Elderberry P 18” 1/4” Fall racemosa mountainous terrain. Used for revegetation. Very similar to S. albus. Root spreading, moderate salt Symphoricarpos Mountain Snowberry P and alkali tolerance. Persists on harsh sites. 12” 1/4-1/2” Fall oreophilus Good cover.

Facing page: Rabbitbrush at the foot of Window Blind Butte, San Rafael Swell, UT. Jason Stevens Shrubs and Sub-shrubs

72 Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com 73

Cover Crops Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Scientific Name Adaptation, Plant Type Uses Common Name Soil Texture Fixing? per Acre Nitrogen Duration Height (in.) PLS Pounds PLS Pounds Seeding Rate: Planting Time

Brassica campestris Breaks soil compaction, nitrogen scavenger, Fall or Broadleaf A 12-24” 2-8 lbs. YES Grows best in pH 5.5-6.8 Purple Top Turnips forage, grazing Summer Spring, Brassica napus Breaks soil compaction, disease and pest Prefers soils with a pH 5.8-8.0 Broadleaf A Summer, 12-18” 4-8 lbs. NO Rapeseed control, biomass, grazing and moderate soil textures or Fall Brassica oleracea var. sabellica Forage, biomass, pest control, grazing, Summer Prefers moist warm soil, and Broadleaf B/A 12-36” 8-15 lbs. NO Forage Kale nitrogen scavenger or Fall fine to medium soil textures Adapted to a wide range of Crotalaria juncea Broadleaf Forage, cover crop, green manure, wildlife A Summer 36-108” 30-60 lbs. YES soils, and is well suited for Sunn Hemp sandy soils Nitrogen scavenger, forage, breaks soils Spring or Forage Cabbage Broadleaf A 24-40” 2-4 lbs. NO Widely adapted compaction, nutrient recycling Fall Spring, Winter grazing, forage, breaks soils Forage Collard Broadleaf A Summer 12-30” 5-12 lbs. NO Widely adapted compaction, nutrient recycling or Fall Phacelia tanacetifolia Nitrogen scavenger, grazing, hay, breaks soils Grows in soils with Broadleaf A Fall 24-48” 5-8 lbs. YES Phacelia compaction, pollinator pH 4.5 - 9.0 Raphanus sativus Soil compaction breaking, nitrogen fixing, Spring or Cool, moist seed beds with Broadleaf A 24-36” 6-10 lbs. NO Nematode Radish forage, pest and weed management Fall higher nitrogen content Raphanus sativus var. niger Breaks soil compaction, weed suppression, Summer Broadleaf A 12-48” 3-8 lbs, NO Widely adapted, moist soils Daikon Radish nitrogen fixation or Fall Sinapis alba Summer Broadleaf Green manure, grazing A 36-60” 6-10 lbs. NO Sandy loamy soils White Mustard or Fall Brassica juncea Biomass, suppresses disease and pests, Summer (AKA: Sinapis Alba) Broadleaf A 36-72” 6-15 lbs. NO Widely adapted erosion control or Fall Mighty Mustard Mix Quick soil cover, weed suppressor, nectar Fagopyrum esculentum Low-fertility, well drained, Grain for pollinators and beneficial insects, topsoil A Summer 12-24” 50-100 lbs. NO Buckwheat light to medium soils loosener, rejuvenator for low-fertility soils Pennisetum glaucum Disease resistance, weed suppression, Spring or Medium to coarse marginal Grain A 12-24” 20-30 lbs. NO Pearl Millet biomass production Summer soil types Secale cereale Grain crop, milled for flour, cover crop, green Spring Light loams or sandy soils, can Grain A 36-72” 50-200 lbs. NO Cereal Rye manure system or Fall do well in clay soils Rotational crop, cover crop, soil builder, Warm and moist fertile soils, Sorghum × drummondii Grain weed and nematode suppressor, A Summer 60-144” 35-50 lbs. NO will tolerate moderate acidity Sorghum Sudangrass subsoil loosener and high alkalinity Eragrostis Tef Erosion control, nitrogen scavenger, weed Warm, firm seedbed, Grass A Summer 24-48” 8-12 lbs. NO Teff Grass suppression, green chop widely adapted Prevent erosion, improve soil structure Lolium perenne multiflorum Spring Well-drained loam or sandy Grass and drainage, add organic matter, suppress A 12-48” 15-20 lbs. NO Annual Ryegrass or Fall loam soils weeds, scavenge nutrients Trifolium alexandrinum Weed suppression, winter cover, forage, Spring Legume A 12-36” 8-16 lbs. YES Salt tolerance, Frosty Berseem Clover nitrogen fixation, multiple harvest or Fall Fertile, loamy soils, adapted Trifolium incarnatum Green manure, forage, silage, hay, livestock Spring Legume A 12-36” 15-30 lbs. YES to sandy & clayey soils of Crimson Clover and wildlife, erosion control, nitrogen fixation or Fall moderate acidity Cool, moist sandy soils, Trifolium michelianum Spring Legume Nitrogen fixation, pastures, green manure A 36-84” 5-8 lbs. YES tolerates poorly drained soils Fixation Balansa Clover or Fall with moderate salinity Pisum sativum subsp. arvense Legume Green manures, nitrogen fixation, forage A Fall 24-48” 44-130 lbs. YES Cool, moist sandy soils Winter Peas Vicia villosa Summer Legume Nitrogen fixation, vegetation, green manures A 12-24” 30-80 lbs. YES Winter hardy, sandy soils Hairy Vetch or Fall

Legumes and Clovers Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Other Known Names Scientific Name Adaptation, Min. Common Name Type Soil Texture Precip. Season

(Cultivars/ Bloat or per Acre Native or Native Tolerance Non-Bloat Height (in.) Introduced PLS Pounds PLS Pounds Sun & Shade Seeds per lb.

Varieties) Seeding Rate: Planting Time

Astragalus cicer Full Sun, Strong alkali tolerance, (Lutana, Oxley II, Monarch) C NB I P 10” 12-36” 20-25 lbs. 145,000 S/F Cicer Milkvetch Partial widely adapted Purple Crownvetch, Winter hardy, watershed Coronilla varia Full Sun, Coronilla Crown Vetch C B I P 20” 24-48” 15-20 lbs. 110,000 F stabilization, tolerates Crownvetch Partial (Chemung, Emerald) acidic soils 76 Legumes and Clovers Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Other Known Names Scientific Name Adaptation, Min. Common Name Type Soil Texture Precip. Season

(Cultivars/ Bloat or per Acre Native or Native Tolerance Non-Bloat Height (in.) Introduced PLS Pounds PLS Pounds Sun & Shade Seeds per lb.

Varieties) Seeding Rate: Planting Time

Dalea purpureum purpurea Full Sun, Nitrogen fixing, widely adapted Thimbleweed W B N P 12” 12-36” 4-8 lbs. 210,000 S/F Purple Prairie Clover Partial to a range of soil textures Lotus corniculatus Full Sun, Can be grown on low pH (5.5) Viking, Empire W NB I P 20” 24-36” 4-6 lbs. 418,000 S Birdsfoot Trefoil Shade soils with low fertility Medicago sativa Full Sun, Over 30 varieties available C B I P 9”-18” 24-36” 8-15 lbs. 210,000 S/F Widely adapted Alfalfa Partial Medicago sativa falcata Nitrogen fixing, drought Sickle Medick, Falcata C B I P 10” 24-36” 6-8 lbs. 215,000 S/F Full Sun Yellow Alfalfa tolerant, widely adapted Melilotus officinalis Madrid C B I B 8” 24-36” 10-15 lbs. 190,000 S Full Sun Widely used, all soil textures Yellow Sweetclover Winter hardy, nitrogen fixing, Onobrychis viciifolia Eski, Melrose, Remont, C NB I P 8” 24-36” 35-45 lbs. 260,000 S/F Full Sun dryland legume, moderately Sainfoin Shoshone fine to moderately coarse soil Trifolium alexandrinum Prefers slightly alkaline loam C NB I A 12” 24-36” 25-30 lbs. 275,000 S/F Full Sun Frosty Berseem Clover and silty soils with a pH of 6+ Tolerant of salt and alkali soils, Trifolium fragiferum Full Sun, O’Conners, Palenstine C B I P 15” 6-12” 5-15 lbs. 300,000 S/F nitrogen fixing, adapted to Strawberry Clover Partial poor soils Trifolium hybridum Acid, alkali and salt tolerant, C B N B/P 18” 24-48” 6-8 lbs. 680,000 F Full Sun Alsike Clover short lived Trifolium incarnatum C B I A 25” 18-30” 8-10 lbs. 275,000 S/F Full Sun Cold hardy, widely adapted Crimson Clover Trifolium michelianum Nitrogen fixing, tolerant of C B I A 25” 24-48” S/F Full Sun Fixation Balansa Clover waterlogged soils Trifolium pratense Full Sun, Cold hardy, moderately fine to C B I B/P 25” 18-30” 8-10 lbs. 275,000 S/F Red Clover Shade moderately coarse soils Trifolium repens Full Sun, C B I P 18” 24-36” 2 lbs. 850,000 F Long lived, widely adapted White Dutch Clover Partial Trifolium repens latum Full Sun, C B I P 18” 24-48” 2-6 lbs. 850,000 F Widely adapted Ladino Clover Shade Vicia americana Full Sun, Widely adapted, drought C NB N P 12” 12-24” 25-35 lbs. 33,000 S/F American Vetch Partial tolerant Vicia sativ Moist to dry-mesic conditions, C NB I A 12” 12-40” 25-35 lbs. 39,600 S/F Full Sun Common Vetch in loam and clay-loam soils Vicia villosa Nitrogen fixing, widely adapted Winter Vetch, Fodder Vetch C NB I P 18” 24-60” 25-35 lbs. 20,000 S/F Full Sun Hairy Vetch to many soils

Small Grains Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Other Known Names Scientific Name Adaptation,

Common Name Hay Soil Texture

Grain

(Cultivars/ Grazing per Acre Tolerance Height (in.) PLS Pounds PLS Pounds Sun & Shade Seeds per lb.

Varieties) Seeding Rate: Planting Time

Avena sativa Derby, Monaco, Monida, Otana X X X 100 lbs. 16,200 S Full Sun Cool, moist soils Oats Avena sativa Tree Oats X X X 100 lbs. 16,000 S Full Sun Cool, moist soils Giant Oats Intimidator, Walken, Magnum Fagopyrum esculentum Full Sun, Fair acid and salt tolerance, wet X X 12-36” 100 lbs. 16,000 Sum Buckwheat Partial poorly drained soils Hordeum vulgare Adapted to high altitudes with Lavina Beardless, Goldeneye X X 48-60” 100 lbs. 18,000 S Full Sun Spring Barley cold & short growing seasons Hordeum vulgare Adapted to high altitudes with Baldwin Awnletted X X 48-60” 100 lbs. 18,000 F Full Sun Fall Barley cold & short growing seasons Widely adapted, nitrogen fixing, Annual Rye Grain Rymin X 60-72” 100 lbs. 18,200 S Full Sun cold hardy Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum Warm, well drained Honeysuckle, sudanese X X <15ft 40-65 lbs. 22,000 S/Sum Full Sun moderateley fine to moderately Honeysuckle DM Sorghum Sundangrass coarse soils Warm, well drained Triticum aestivum Twin X 36-48” 100 lbs. 18,500 S Full Sun moderateley fine to moderately Spring Wheat coarse soils

77 Small Grains Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Other Known Names Scientific Name Adaptation,

Common Name Hay Soil Texture

Grain

(Cultivars/ Grazing per Acre Tolerance Height (in.) PLS Pounds PLS Pounds Sun & Shade Seeds per lb.

Varieties) Seeding Rate: Planting Time

Triticum aestivum Moderateley fine to moderately Brundage, Willow Creek X 36-48” 100 lbs. 18,500 F Full Sun Fall Wheat coarse soils Triticum aestivum x Secale cereale Tyndall, Forerunner X X 50-60” 100 lbs. 18,000 S Full Sun Short term, moist soils Spring Triticale Triticum aestivum x Secale cereale Forerunner, FX 1001, Luoma X X 48-60” 100 lbs. 18,000 F Full Sun Short term, moist soils Fall Triticale

Grasses & Grasslike Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Scientific Name Adaptation, Cultivars/Varieties Min. Common Name Type Soil Texture Precip. Season per Acre Native or Native Tolerance Height (in.) Introduced PLS Pounds PLS Pounds Sun & Shade Seeds per lb. Seeding Rate: Planting Time

Achnatherum hymenoides Nezpar, Paloma, Rimrock, (AKA: Oryzopsis hymenoides) C N P 6” 8-30” 6-12 lbs. 162,000 S/F Full Sun Medium to coarse soils Star Lake, White River Indian Ricegrass Achnatherum lettermanii Full Sun, Moderatley fine to (AKA: Stipa lettermanii) C N P 14” 6-18” 8-12 lbs. 175,000 S/F Shade moderately coarse Letterman Needlegrass A. cristatum x desertorum Full Sun, C I P 7” 18-36” 5-10 lbs. 194,000 S/F Medium to coarse soils Hycrest Crested Wheatgrass Partial Andropogon gerardi Bison, Champ, Pawnee, Full Sun, Fertile, well drained prairie soils. W N P 14” 25- 48” 6-11 lbs. 130,000 Sum Big Bluestem Roundtree Partial fine to medium soil textures Agropyron cristatum Fairway, Douglas, Ephraim, Full Sun, C I P 9” 24-48” 3-7 lbs. 250,000 S/F Deep, well drained loamy soils Crested Wheatgrass Roadcrest, Kirk, Ruff Shade Agropyron desertorum Full Sun, Nordan, CD-II C I P 7” 18-36” 5-10 lbs. 194,000 S/F Medium to coarse soils Standard Crested Wheatgrass Partial Agropyron fragile sibiricum Full Sun, Well drained, loamy soils, (AKA: Agropyron sibiricum) P-27, Vavilov, Vavilov II C I P 5” 12-24” 6-11 lbs. 206,000 S/F Partial moderately fine to coarse. Siberian Wheatgrass Alopecurus arundinaceus Full Sun, Garrison C I P 20” 36-48” 1-3 lbs. 900,000 S/F Wetlands, wide range of soils Creeping Foxtail Partial Bouteloua curtipendula Full Sun, Butte, El Reno, Pierre W N P 15” 12-24” 5-9 lbs. 191,000 Sum Shallow well drained rocky sites Sideoats Grama Partial Bouteloua gracilis Lovington, Hachita, Bad Loams and sandy loams. Fine to W N P 8” 6-18” 2-3 lbs. 724,000 Sum Full Sun Blue Grama River, Alma coarse soils. Bromus biebersteinii Cache, Paddock, Regar, Full Sun, Moderately deep, well drained (AKA: Bromopsis biebersteinii) C I P 14” 24-72” 11-17 lbs. 40,000 S/F Fleet Partial soils.Moderately coarse to fine. Meadow Brome Bromus inermis Full Sun, Fine to moderately coarse well Lincoln, Manchar, Carlton C I P 11” 24-48” 6-8 lbs. 145,000 S/F Smooth Brome Partial drained soils. Bromus marginatus F/ Full Sun, Deep, well drained, fertile soils. Bromar, Garnet C N P 16” 18-36” 12-19 lbs. 90,000 Mountain Brome late S Shade Moderately fine to medium. Buchloe dactyloides Texoka, Comanche, Sharps W N P 12” 4-10” 4-8 lbs. 56,000 late S Full Sun Medium to clayey textured soils Buffalograss Improved Latar, Paiute, Potomac, Dactylis glomerata Quickdraw, Crown Royal, Full Sun, Well drained, medium textured, C N P 10-16” 24-48” 2-4 lbs. 540,000 S/F Orchardgrass Extend, Hallmark, Blizzard, Shade fertile soils Haymaster Distichlis spicata Highly saline/alkaline soils with Full Sun, (AKA: Distichlis stricta) W N P 8” 6-12” 4-10 lbs. 518,000 S/Sum poor drainage or high Partial Inland Saltgrass water table Elymus dahuricus Full Sun, Arthur C N P 12” 36-72” 10-15 lbs. 80,000 S/F Widely adapted Dahurian Wildrye Partial

78 Grasses & Grasslike Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Elymus elymoides Fish Creek, Toe Jam Creek, Widely adapted, well (AKA: Sitanion hystrix) C N P 5” 6-24” 7-12 lbs. 192,000 S/F Full Sun Tulsa, Pueblo, Sand Hallow drained soils Bottlebrush Squirreltail Elymus lanceolatus lanceolatus Bannock, Critana, Full Sun, Moderate shallow to deep, (AKA: Agropyron dasystachyum) C N P 5” 24-48” 6-11 lbs. 156,000 S/F Schwendimar Partial moderately coarse to fine Thickspike Wheatgrass Elymus lanceolatus psammophilus Full Sun, Moderately coarse to fine, (AKA: Agropyron riparium) Sodar C N P 7” 18-36” 6-11 lbs. 170,000 S/F Partial shallow to deep soils Streambank Wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus trachycaulus Pryor, Revenue, San Luis, Full Sun, (AKA: Agropyron trachycaulum) C N P 10” 24-36” 6-10 lbs. 159,000 S/F Best on medium to clayey soils First Strike, Highlander Partial Slender Wheatgrass Elymus wawawaiensis Full Sun, (AKA: Pseudoroegneria spicata spicata) Secar, Discovery C N P 8” 18-48” 12-15 lbs. 120,000 S/F Moderately fine to coarse soils Partial Snake River Wheatgrass Eragrostis Tef Well drained soils with Dessie W I A 30” 24-36” 8-10 lbs. 1,300,000 Sum Full Sun Teff Grass balanced fertility Festuca arundinacea Full Sun, Subhumid climates, poorly (AKA: Schedonorus Phoneix) Alta, Fawn C N P 16” 12-48” 15 lbs. 500,000 S/F Partial drained soils Tall Fescue Well drained soils to 12,000 ft. Festuca idahoensis Joseph, Nezpurs, Full Sun, C N P 16” 12-36” 3-6 lbs. 450,000 S/F Moderately fine to moderately Idah Fescue Winchester Partial course soils. Festuca ovina Covar, Bighorn, Elk Full Sun, Well drained, medium textured C N P 8” 6-12” 2-4 lbs. 600,000 S/F Sheep Fescue Brand, Azay Partial soils, drought tolerant Festuca rubra Partial, Used in turf blends, shade and Many varieties C I P 15” 6-12” 2-4 lbs. 590,000 S/F Creeping Red Fescue Shade acid tolerance Festuca trachyphylla Full Sun, (AKA: Festuca duriuscula) Durar, Serra, Slalom C N P 14” 12-14” 3-6 lbs. 600,000 S/F Well adapted, acid tolerance. Partial Hard Fescue Hesperostipa comata comata Moderately fine to course well (AKA: Stipa comata) C N P 8” 24-48” 10-14 lbs. 115,000 F Full Sun drained soils Needle & Thread Grass Juncus balticus Full Sun, Wetland plant, likes fine to C N P 7” 12-36” 1-2 lbs. 6,000,000 S/F Baltic Rush Shade medium textures Koeleria macrantha Medium textured soils, fairly C N P 12” 6-24” 1-2 lbs. 2,300,000 S/F Full Sun Prairie Junegrass drought tolerant Leymus cinereus Magnar, Trailhead, Full Sun, Well adapted to wide range (AKA: Elymus cinereus) C N P 10” 36-108” 6-11 lbs. 130,000 S/F Continental Partial of soils Basin Wildrye Lolium perenne multiflorum Full Sun, (AKA: Lolium multiflorum) C I A 11” 24-36” 8-16 lbs. 200,000 S/F Acidic soils, medium textures Shade Annual Ryegrass Lolium perenne multiflorum Full Sun, C I A 11” 24-36” 8-16 lbs. 200,000 S/F Acidic soils, medium textures Italian Ryegrass Shade Lolium perenne perenne Oro Verde, Albion, Elena, Medium to clayey soils in cool, C I P 12” 24-36” 4-8 lbs. 227,000 S/F Full Sun Perennial Ryegrass and many others moist regions Nassella viridula Full Sun, Fine to medium, clayey soils, (AKA: Stipa viridula) Lodorm, Cucharas C N P 12” 18-36” 5-10 lbs. 180,000 F Partial salt tolerance Green Needlegrass Pascopyrum smithii Rosana, Arriba, Barton, Full Sun, Fine to medium soil textures, (AKA: Agropyron smithii) C N P 8” 12-36” 8-16 lbs. 114,000 S/F Recover, Rodan Partial drought tolerant Western Wheatgrass Phalaris arundinacea Wetlands, tolerates alkali Palaton, Rise, Rival, Vantage C N P 16” 60-84” 2-4 lbs. 538,000 S/F Full Sun Reed Canarygrass and salt Phleum pratense Full Sun, Clair, Climax, Mohawk C N P 16” 18-36” 1-2 lbs. 1,300,000 S/F Cool moist climates, all soils Timothy Shade Pleuraphis jamesii Dryland, fine to moderately Viva W N P 5” 6-12” 6-12 lbs. 160,000 S/Sum Full Sun Galleta Grass coarse textures Poa fendleriana Full Sun, Fine to moderately coarse soils, C N P 10” 6-24” 2-3 lbs. 890,000 S/F Muttongrass Partial drought tolerant Poa pratensis Full Sun, Well drained, neutral soils, Many varieties C N/I P 18” 12-24” 2-3 lbs. 2,175,000 S/F Kentucky Blugrass Partial even fertility

79 Grasses & Grasslikes Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Poa secunda ampla Full Sun, Moderately fine to moderately (AKA: Poa ampla) Sherman C N P 9” 24-48” 2-4 lbs. 880,000 S/F Partial coarse soils Big Bluegrass Poa secunda sandbergii High Plains, Mt. Home, Full Sun, Wide range; drought, saline & C N P 7” 8-14” 2-4 lbs. 925,000 S/F Sandberg Bluegrass Hanford, Reliable Partial alkaline tolerant Psathyrostachys juncea Bozoisky, Bozoisky II, Drought tolerant, medium soil (AKA: Elymus junceus) W I P 7” 30- 40” 5-10 lbs. 162,000 S/Sum Full Sun Bozoisky Select, Swift, Vinall textures Russian Wildrye Pseudorogneria spicata x Elytriga repens AC Saltlander, Newhy, RS-H C I P 10” 24-36’ 4-8 lbs. 120,000 S/F Full Sun High salt tolerance Hybrid Wheatgrass Pseudoroegneria spicata spicata Full Sun, Drought tolerant; moderately (AKA: Agropyron spicatum) Goldar, P-7, Anatone C N P 7” 18-48” 10-14 lbs. 139,000 S/F Partial fine to moderetely coarse Bluebunch Wheatgrass Aldous, Badlands, Schizachyrium scoparium Full Sun, Medium textured soils of Cimarron, Pastura, Blaze, W N P 12” 18-36” 4-7 lbs. 260,000 S/Sum Little Bluestem Partial foothills and Great Plains Camper, Itsaca Schoenoplectus mantimus Full Sun, Wetlands, tolerant of salt and (AKA: Bolboschoenus martimus) W N P 30” 24-48” 8 lbs. 170,000 S/Sum Shade alkali soils Alkali Bulrush Sporabolus airoides Full Sun, Salado, Vegas, Saltalk W N P 7” 18-36” 2-3 lbs. 1,750,000 Sum Salty, clayey, bottomland sites Alkali Sacaton Partial Sporobolus cryptandrus Full Sun, Shallow, calcareous & sandy W N P 8” 24-36” 1-2 lbs. 5,300,000 Sum Sand Dropseed Partial sites. Drought tolerant. Thinopyrum intermedium intermedia Chief, Greenar, Oahe, Full Sun, Fire, cold, drought tolerant; fine (AKA: Agropyron intermedium) C I P 11” 36-48” 10-15 lbs. 85,000 S/F Reliant, Rush, Tegmar, Amur Partial to medium soils Intermediate Wheatgrass Thinopyrum intermedium trichophorum Luna, Mandan, Manska, Full Sun, Drought tolerant, widely C I P 11” 36-48” 9-14 lbs. 85,000 S/F Pubescent Wheatgrass Greenleaf, Topar Partial adapted Thinopyrum ponticum Fine to moderately coarse, Alkar, Jose, Orbit, Largo C I P 8” 36-108” 11-17 lbs. 120,000 S/F Full Sun Tall Wheatgrass saline and alkaline soils

Wildflowers and Forbs Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Other Known Names Scientific Name Adaptation, acre Min. Common Name Type Soil Texture Precip. (Cultivars/ Season Native or Native Blooming Tolerance Height (in.) Introduced Sun & Shade Seeds per lb. Bloom Color

Varieties) Seeding Rate: Planting Time PLS pounds per Achillea millefolium Medium to coarse white N P 8” 12-36” MAY-JUL Full Sun 2,800,000 1 lb S/F White Yarrow soil textures Achillea millefolium occidentalis (Yakima, Eagle, Medium to coarse white N P 8” 6-24” MAY-OCT Full Sun 2,800,000 1 lb S/F Western Yarrow Great Northern) soil textures Aquilegia coerulea Moderately fine to blue & white N P 12” 24-36” JUN-AUG Shade 365,000 3-6 lbs. F Colorado Blue Columbine moderately coarse Great basin, Rocky Balsamorhiza sagittata yellow N P 10” 18-30” MAY-JUL Full Sun 55,000 7-15 lbs. F Mtns, foothills to Arrowleaf Balsamroot aspen zones Castilleja applegatei Pine Indian red N P 12” 12-24” MAY-JUL Full Sun 4,500,000 1 lb F High elevations Wavyleaf Indian Paintbrush Paintbrush Drough tolerant, Cleome lutea Yellow Spiderflower yellow N A 10” 12-36” MAY-AUG Full Sun 75,000 8-15 lbs. S/F valley bottoms, Yellow Beeplant roadsides Cleome serrulata Drought tolerant, Bee Spiderflower pink & white N A 6” 24-48” JUL-SEP Full Sun 65,000 10-16 lbs. S/F Rocky Mountain Beeplant fine to medium soils Medium textured Echinacea purpurea Full Sun, purple-pink N P 10” 24-48” APR-SEP 117,000 7-12 lbs. S/F soils, dry soil Purple Prairie Coneflower Partial moisture Moderate soil Erigeron speciosus lavender/ Full Sun, N P 14” 12-24” JUN-SEP 1,600,000 1 lb S/F moisture, medium Aspen Daisy white Partial textured soil

80 Wildflowers and Forbs Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Varieties) Seeding Rate: Planting Time PLS pounds per Drought tolerant, Eriogonum umbellatum yellow & Full Sun, Sulfur Flower N P 8” 6-18” JUN-SEP 210,000 4-7 lbs. F dry soil moisture, Sulfur Buckwheat white Partial medium to coarse Eschscholzia californica yellow- N P 10” 6-18” FEB-OCT Full Sun 293,000 5-10 lbs. S/F Widely adapted California Poppy orange Gaillardia aristata yellow & red N P 10” 12-24” JUL-SEP Full Sun 132,000 7-10 lbs. S Widely adapted Blanketflower Widely adapted, Gaillardia pulchella Full Sun, Indian Blanket yellow & red N A 10” 12-36” MAY-AUG 238,000 6-10 lbs. S/F medium to coarse Firewheel Partial soil textures Sub-alpine Geranium viscosissimum Wild Sticky Geranium pink-purple N P 18” 12-36” MAY-AUG Any 50,000 6-12 lbs. S/F elevations, medium Sticky Purple Geranium soil textures Hedysarum boreale utahensis Northern Sweetvetch, Full Sun, Moderately fine to pink-purple N P 14” 12-24” APR-AUG 33,500 15-25 lbs. F Utah Sweetvetch (Timp) Partial coarse soils Helianthus annuus Common Sunflower yellow N A 10” 36-84” JUL-OCT Full Sun 58,000 10-20 lbs. S/F Widely adapted Annual Sunflower Heliomeris multiflora Mid to high Full Sun, (AKA: Viguiera multiflora) yellow N P 12” 12-48” JUL-OCT 1,050,000 1-2 lbs. S/F elevations, medium Partial Showy Goldeneye soil textures High plateaus of Ipomopsis aggregata Scarlet Intermountain Full Sun, (AKA: Gilia aggregata) Trumpetflower, red N P 12” 12-36” AUG-OCT 200,000 6-8 lbs. F West, widely Partial Scarlet Gilia Skyrocket adapted to many soil types Ligusticum porteri green, white, Full Sun, Licorice Root N P 16” 24-60” JUL-SEP 70,000 10-15 lbs. F Loamy moist soils Porter Ligusticum pink Shade Linum grandiflorum rubrum Full Sun, Drought tolerant, Red Flax red I P 12” 12-36” MAY-AUG 122,000 7-14 lbs. S Scarlet Flax Partial widely adapted Linum lewisii Full Sun, (Maple Grove) blue-purple N P 9” 12-20” MAR-SEP 250,000 3-6 lbs. S Widely adapted Lewis Blue Flax Partial Drought tolerant, Linum perenne (Appar) blue-purple I P 9” 18-30” MAR-SEP Full Sun 285,000 3-6 lbs. S short lived, Perennial Blue Flax widely adapted Lupinus alpestris Mountain regions of Western Sweetroot purple N P 12” 24-48” MAR-SEP Full Sun 30,000 20-30 lbs. F Sweet Anise western US Lupines are Lupinus alpestris Full Sun, poisonous to Alpine Lupine, Great (AKA: Lupinus argenteus rubricaulis) blue-purple N P 16” 12-24” MAR-JUN Shade, 12,000 20-30 lbs. F livestock, sub-alpine Basin Lupine Mountain Lupine Partial mountainous regions Lower elevations Full Sun, Lupinus argenteus than Mountain blue-purple N P 10” 12-38” JUN-JUL Shade, 15,000 20-30 lbs. F Silvery Lupine Lupine, widely Partial adapted Adapted to southwest desert, Lupinus arizonicus pink-purple N P 10” 12-36” MAR-JUN Full Sun 135,000 6-12 lbs. S medium to coarse Arizona Lupine soil types, drought tolerant Mountains and Lupinus caudatus foothills, medium to blue-purple N P 12” 12-24” MAY-AUG Full Sun 37,000 20-30 lbs. F Tailcup Lupine coarse well drained soil types Mountains, foothills, Lupinus sericeus Full Sun, blue-purple N P 10” 18-36” MAY-AUG 25,000 20-30 lbs. F moderately coarse Silky Lupine Partial soils Well drained, sandy Penstemon cyananthus Full Sun, blue-purple N P 12” 18-30” APR-MAY 290,000 2-4 lbs. F loams, foothills to Wasatch Penstemon Partial sub-alpine Great Basin, Rocky Scarlet Penstemon, Penstemon eatonii Full Sun, Mtns., southwest Eatons Penstemon, red N P 8” 24-36” MAY-AUG 325,000 1-3 lbs. F Firecracker Penstemon Partial deserts; medium to (Richfield) coarse soils Low to mid Penstemon palmeri (Cedar) pink-white N P 9” 36-60” MAY-JUN Full Sun 600,000 2-3 lbs. F elevations, well Palmers Penstemon adapted High elevations, Penstemon rydbergii Blue Mountain blue-purple N P 12” 12-24” JUN-JUL Full Sun 600,000 1-2 lbs. F meadows and open Rydbergs Penstemon Penstemon slopes, well drained 81 Wildflowers and Forbs Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Varieties) Seeding Rate: Planting Time PLS pounds per Penstemon strictus Full Sun, Foothills and mid (Bandera) blue-purple N P 11” 12-36” MAY-JUN 285,000 1-3 lbs. F Rocky Mountain Penstemon Partial elevation mountains Ratibida columnifera Intermountain and yellow- (AKA: Ratibia columnaris) Mexican Hat N P 10” 12-36” MAY-SEP Full Sun 1,230,000 1 lb S/F southwest, widely orange Prairie Coneflower adapted to soils Rudbeckia occidentalis yellow- Fine to medium N P 12” 24-48” JUN-NOV Full Sun 350,000 4-5 lbs. S/F Western Coneflower green soils, well drained Rudbeckia hirta Widely adapted, yellow N P 12” 12-36” JUN-OCT Full Sun 1,700,000 1 lb S/F Black Eyed Susan established easily Moderately fine to Sanguisorba minor Little Burnet, pink I P 12” 6-24” JUN-AUG Full Sun 55,000 15-20 lbs S/F moderately coarse Small Burnet (Delar) soil textures Desert southwest, Sphaeralcea ambigua orange N P 6” 24-60” FEB-NOV Full Sun 500,000 2-4 lbs. F medium to coarse Desert Globemallow soil textures Sphaeralcea coccinea Poor soils, red-orange N P 6” 6-12” APR-SEP Full Sun 400,000 2-4 lbs. F Scarlet Globemallow widely adapted Drought tolerant, Sphaeralcea grossularifolia red-orange N P 6” 18-40” MAY-JUL Full Sun 500,000 2-4 lbs. F deserts and Gooseberry Globemallow low elevations Arid, poor Sphaeralcea munroana Full Sun, soils in desert red-orange N P 6” 12-36” MAY-JUL 500,000 2-4 lbs. F Munro’s Globemallow Partial intermountain and southwest areas Arid, poor Sphaeralcea parvifolia soils in desert Nelson Globemallow red-orange N P 6” 24-36” MAY-JUL Full Sun 500,000 2-4 lbs. F Small-leaf Globemallow intermountain and southwest areas Mid to sub-alpine Wyethia mollis yellow N P 12” 18-42” MAY-JUL Full Sun 28,000 20-25 lbs. S/F elevations, Mules Ear widely adapted

Shrubs and Sub-shrubs Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Other Known Scientific Name Names Soil Adaptation, Min. Common Name Type PH Soil Texture Precip. per Acre Native or Native Tolerance

(Cultivars/Varieties) Height (in.) Introduced PLS Pounds PLS Pounds Sun & Shade Seeds per lb. Seeding Rate: Planting Time

North central region and Amelanchier alnifolia Full Sun, 4.8- N P 12” 36” 1 lb. 61,000 F Rocky Mountains, widely Saskatoon Serviceberry Partial 8.4 adapted to all soil types Amelanchier utahensis Full Sun, 5.6- Intermountain West, all soil N P 10” 3-15 ft 4-5 lbs. 65,000 F Utah Serviceberry Partial 8.4 textures, cold hardy Artemisia arbuscula 5.5- Excels in poor soils, 2,000- N P 6” 6-12” 1 lb. 1,000,000 F Full Sun Low Sagebrush 8.6 10,000 ft in elevation Artemisia cana 5.2- Fine to coarse soils, moist N P 9” 24-48” 1-3 lbs. 850,000 F Full Sun Silver Sagebrush 9.0 alkaline soils at high elevations Artemisia filifolia Full Sun, 7.0- N P 7” 36-60” 1-3 lbs. 1,750,000 F Sandy well drained desert soils Sand Sagebrush Partial 9.0 Artemisia frigida Full Sun, 6.0- Sandy or loamy soils, well- N P 7” 6-18” 1-3 lbs. 4,500,000 S/F Fringed Sagebrush Partial 9.0 drained, adapted to poor soils Louisiana Sage, Medium to coarse soil Artemisia ludoviciana 6.0- Wormwood, N P 10” 12-24” 1-3 lbs. 4,000,000 S/F Full Sun textures, cold desert area up to Prairie Sage 9.0 Cudweed Sageware alpine zones Artemisia nova 7.0- Foothills, cold desert areas, N P 6” 6-24” 1-3 lbs. 900,000 S/F Full Sun Black Sagebrush 8.5 shallow soils Artemisia tridentata tridentata 6.5- Western areas, river bottoms, N P 9” 3-12 ft. 1-3 lbs. 900,000 S/F Full Sun Basin Big Sagebrush 8.5 deep soils Artemisia tridentata vaseyana 6.0- N P 12” 30-60” 1-3 lbs. 1,750,000 F Full Sun Upper foothills, aspen zones Mountain Big Sagebrush 8.5

82 Shrubs and Sub-shrubs Species Characteristics and Adaptation Charts

Other Known Scientific Name Names Soil Adaptation, Min. Common Name Type PH Soil Texture Precip. per Acre Native or Native Tolerance

(Cultivars/Varieties) Height (in.) Introduced PLS Pounds PLS Pounds Sun & Shade Seeds per lb. Seeding Rate: Planting Time

Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis 6.0- N P 7” 12-48” 1-3 lbs. 1,750,000 F Full Sun Western areas, cold hardy Wyoming Big Sagebrush 8.5 Atriplex canescens 6.5- N P 6” 24-72” 1-3 lbs. 55,000 F Full Sun Southwest, most soils Fourwing Saltbrush 9.5 Intermountain West, Atriplex confertifolia 7.5- well drained slopes, lowlands N P 5” 12-30” 5-7 lbs. 65,000 F Full Sun Shadscale Saltbrush 9.0 and ridges, alkali and salt tolerance Atriplex corrugata 7.0- Alkali and salt tolerance, N P 5” 24-60” 3-4 lbs. 65,000 F Full Sun Mat Saltbrush 9.5 badlands, clay and poor soils Atriplex gardneri 7.0- Very salt and alkali tolerant, N P 6” 6-12” 7 lbs. 110,000 F Full Sun Gardners Saltbrush 10.0 Intermountain West Cercocarpus ledifolius 5.5- Tree like, medium to coarse Tree Mahogany N P 12” 8-25 ft. 10 lbs. 52,000 F Full Sun Curl-leaf Mountain Mahogany 8.7 soils textures True Mountain Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber 5.5- Drought tolerant, dry coarse Mahogany, Bush N P 9” 36-120” 10 lbs. 59,000 F Full Sun Birchleaf Mahogany 8.5 soil textures Mahogany Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus 7.0- Medium to coarse soils, N P 6” 12-30” 1-3 lbs. 600,000 F Full Sun Yellow or Douglas Rabbitbrush 8.5 winter hardy Ephedra nevadensis 7.0- N P 5” 30-60” 10 lbs. 20,000 F Full Sun Cold desert, dry rocky foothills Nevada Ephedra 8.5 Ephedra viridis Brigham Tea, 7.0- N P 7” 24-55” 10 lbs. 25,000 F Full Sun Sandy slopes, cold deserts Green Ephedra Mormon Tea 8.5 Ericameria nauseosa 7.0- North central to southwest, N P 9” 24-72” 1 lb. 400,000 F Full Sun Rubber Rabbitbrush 8.5 cold deserts Krascheninnikovia lanata 6.6- Western states, silty White Sage N P 5” 12-36” 2-4 lbs. 113,000 F Full Sun Winterfat 8.5 saline flats Larrea tridentata 6.8- N P 4” 3-12 ft. 5 lbs. 75,000 S/F Full Sun Southwest arid deserts Creosote Bush 8.5 Full Sun, Mahonia repens 5.5- Hills and slopes, medium soil Creeping Barberry N P 12” 6-12” 1-3 lbs. 45,000 S/F Partial, Creeping Oregon Grape 7.5 textures, dry soils Shade Rich moist soils, foothills Prunus virginiana 5.2- Black Chokecherry N P 12” 2-30 ft. 10-15 lbs. 4,800 S/F Full Sun and on borders of woods, Chokecherry 8.4 landscaping Purshia glandulosa 6.8- Cool deserts in Intermountain N P 6” 2-84” 1-3 lbs. 21,000 F Full Sun Desert Bitterbrush 8.0 West, persists on harsh sites Purshia mexicana stansburiana 7.0- Medium to coarse soils, low N P 7” 3-20 ft. 1 lb. 65,000 F Full Sun Cliffrose 8.5 fertility requirements Purshia tridentata 5.6- Mountain West, medium to N P 8” 2-15 ft. 1-3 lbs. 15,000 F Full Sun Antelope Bitterbrush 8.4 coarse soils Rhus glabra 5.3- Landscaping, N P 10” 3-15 ft. 1-3 lbs. 49,000 F Full Sun Smooth Sumac 7.5 widely distributed Along gullies and seasonal Rhus trilobata Oakbrush Sumac, Full Sun, 6.5- N P 10” 36-90” 1-3 lbs. 20,000 F streambeds, medium Skunkbrush Sumac Squawbush Partial 8.2 textured soils Rosa woodsii Full Sun, 5.0- Aggressive, stream bottoms, N P 12” 24-72” 1-3 lbs. 45,000 F Woods Rose Partial 8.0 ditch banks, fence lines Sambucus nigra cerulea Full Sun, 4.9- Grows along streams, N P 12” 6-20 ft. 1 lb. 217,000 F Blue Elderberry Partial 7.5 roadsides, moist soils Sambucus racemosa Full Sun, 5.2- High elevation mountainous N P 18” 36-72” 1 lb. 217,000 F Red Elderberry Partial 7.2 terrain, fine to medium soils Symphoricarpos oreophilus Full Sun, 5.2- Cold hardy, fine to medium N P 12” 24-60” 1-3 lbs. 75,000 F Mountain Snowberry Partial 7.5 soil textures

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A Aquilegia coerulea...... 64 Blanketflower...... 64 See also Colorado Blue Columbine See also Gaillardia aristata Arizona Fescue...... 11 Bluebunch Wheatgrass...... 11, 17, 55 Achillea millefolium...... 64 Arizona Lupine...... 65 See also Pseudoroegneria spicata spicata See also White Yarrow See also Lupinus arizonicus Blue Elderberry...... 72 Achillea millefolium occidentalis...... 64 Arrowleaf Balsamroot...... 64 See also Sambucus nigra cerulea See also Western Yarrow See also Balsamorhiza sagittata Blue Grama...... 11, 17, 52 Achnatherum hymenoides...... 53 Artemisia arbuscula...... 71 See also Bouteloua gracilis See also Indian Ricegrass See also Low Sagebrush Bottlebrush Squirreltail...... 53 Achnatherum lettermanii...... 53 Artemisia cana...... 71 See also Elymus elymoides See also Letterman Needlegrass See also Silver Sagebrush Bouteloua Curtipendula...... 52 A. cristatum x desertorum...... 53, 78 Artemisia filifolia...... 71, 82 See also Sideoats Grama See also Hycrest Crested Wheatgrass See also Sand Sagebrush Bouteloua gracilis...... 52 AC Saltlander...... 11 Artemisia frigida...... 71 See also Blue Grama AC Saltlander Green Wheatgrass...... 14 See also Fringed Sagebrush Brassica campestris...... 28 AC Saltlander Wheatgrass...... 17 Artemisia ludoviciana...... 71, 82 See Purple Top Turnips Agropyron cristatum...... 53, 78 See also Prairie Sage (Louisiana Sage) Brassica juncea, Sinapis Alba...... 28 See also Crested Wheatgrass Artemisia nova...... 71, 82 Brassica napus...... 28 Agropyron desertorum...... 53 See also Black Sagebrush See Rapeseed See also Standard Crested Wheatgrass Artemisia tridentata tridentata...... 71 Brassica oleracea var. sabellica Agropyron fragile sibiricum...... 53 See also Basin Big Sagebrush See Forage Kale See also Siberian Wheatgrass Artemisia tridentata vaseyana...... 71 Bromus biebersteinii...... 53, 78 Albion Tetraploid Perennial Rye...... 14 See also Mountain Big Sagebrush See also Meadow Brome Alfalfa 11, 31, 40 Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis.... 71, 82 Bromus inermis...... 53, 78 See also Medicago sativa See also Wyoming Big Sagebrush See also Smooth Brome 428RR Roundup Ready...... 36 Aspen Daisy...... 64 Bromus marginatus...... 53, 78 428RR Roundup Ready Alfalfa...... 33 See also Erigeron speciosus See also Mountain Brome Falcata Alfalfa...... 33, 36 FSG 408DP Alfalfa...... 33, 36 Astragalus cicer...... 40, 76 Brundage Wheat...... 49 Ladak II Alfalfa...... 33, 36 See also Cicer Milkvetch Buchloe dactyloides...... 52 Lahontan Alfalfa...... 33, 36 Atriplex canescens...... 71 See also Buffalograss Lander Alfalfa...... 33, 34 See also Fourwing Saltbrush Buckwheat...... 28, 40 Powell Alfalfa...... 33, 35 Atriplex confertifolia...... 71 See also Fagopyrum esculentum Rancher Special Alfalfa...... 33, 36 See also Shadscale Saltbrush Buffalograss...... 52 Ranger II Alfalfa...... 33 Atriplex corrugata...... 71 See also Buchloe dactyloides Salt Tolerant Alfalfa FSG 423ST...... 33 See also Mat Saltbrush Salt Tolerant Alfalfa FSG 639ST...... 33 C Salt Tolerant FSG 639ST Alfalfa...... 36 Atriplex gardneri

Vernal Alfalfa...... 33 See Gardners Saltbrush Cache Meadow Brome...... 14 Alkali Bulrush...... 52 B California Poppy...... 64 See also Schoenoplectus mantimus See also Eschscholzia californica Alkali Sacaton...... 17, 52 Baldwin Awnletted Barley...... 49 Cercocarpus ledifolius...... 71 See also Sporabolus airoides Balsamorhiza sagittata...... 64 See also Curl-leaf Mountain Mahogany Alopecurus arundinaceus...... 53, 78 See also Arrowleaf Balsamroot Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber...... 71 See also Creeping Foxtail Baltic Rush...... 54 See also Birchleaf Mahogany Alsike Clover...... 11, 40 See also Juncus balticus Cereal Rye...... 28 See also Trifolium hybridum Basin Big Sagebrush...... 71 See also Secale cereale Amelanchier alnifolia...... 71, 82 See also Artemisia tridentata tridentata Chokecherry...... 72 See also Saskatoon Serviceberry Basin Wildrye...... 11, 17, 54 See also Prunus virginiana Amelanchier utahensis...... 71 See also Leymus cinereus Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus...... 72 See also Utah Serviceberry Big Bluegrass...... 54 See also Yellow Rabbitbrush; See American Vetch...... 40 See also Poa secunda ampla also Douglas Rabbitbrush See also Vicia americana Big Bluestem...... 52 Cicer Milkvetch...... 11, 17, 40 Andropogon gerardi...... 52 See also Andropogon gerardi See also Astragalus cicer See also Big Bluestem Birchleaf Mahogany...... 71 Cleome lutea...... 64 Annual Rye Grain...... 11, 17, 49 See also Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber See also Yellow Beeplant Annual Ryegrass...... 11, 17, 54 Birdsfoot Trefoil...... 40 Cleome serrulata...... 64 See also Lolium perenne multiflorum See also Lotus corniculatus See also Rocky Mountain Beeplant Annual Sunflower...... 65 Black Eyed Susan...... 66 Cliffrose...... 72 See also Helianthus annuus See also Rudbeckia hirta See also Purshia mexicana stansburiana Antelope Bitterbrush...... 72 Black Sagebrush...... 71 Colorado Blue Columbine...... 64 See also Purshia tridentata See also Artemisia nova See also Achillea millefolium occidentalis

84 Index

Common Vetch...... 40 Elymus wawawaiensis...... 53 Gardners Saltbrush...... 71 See also Vicia sativ See also Snake River Wheatgrass See also Atriplex gardneri Conservation Reserve Program Ephedra nevadensis...... 72 Garrison Creeping Foxtail...... 14, 17 CRP 22 See also Nevada Ephedra Garrison Meadow Foxtail...... 11 Coronilla varia...... 40 Ephedra viridis...... 72 Geranium viscosissimum...... 64 See also Crownvetch See also Green Ephedra See also Sticky Purple Geranium Cover Crops...... 25 Eragrostis Tef...... 28, 52 Giant or “Tree” Oat...... 49 Creeping Foxtail...... 53 See also Teff Grass Goldeneye Barley...... 49 See also Alopecurus arundinaceus Ericameria nauseosa...... 72, 83 Gooseberryleaf Globemallow...... 66 Creeping Oregon Grape...... 72 See also Rubber Rabbitbrush See also Sphaeralcea grossularifolia See also Mahonia repens Erigeron speciosus...... 64 Grain Mixes...... 49 Creeping Red Fescue...... 54 See also Aspen Daisy Great Plains Pasture Mix...... 14 See also Festuca rubra Eriogonum umbellatum...... 64 Green Ephedra...... 72 Creosote Bush...... 72 See also Sulfur Buckwheat See also Ephedra viridis See also Larrea tridentata Eschscholzia californica...... 64 Green Needlegrass...... 54 Crested Wheatgrass...... 11, 13, 17, 53 See also California Poppy See also Nassella viridula See also Agropyron cristatum Crimson Clover...... 28, 40 F H See also Trifolium incarnatum Fagopyrum esculentum...... 28, 40 Hairy Vetch...... 28, 40 Crotalaria juncea...... 28 See also Buckwheat See also Vicia villosa See Sunn Hemp Fall Forage Blend...... 49 Hard Fescue...... 11, 54 Crownvetch...... 40 Fall Small Grains...... 49 See also Festuca trachyphylla See also Coronilla varia Festuca arundinacea...... 53 Hedysarum boreale utahensis...... 64, 81 Curl-leaf Mountain Mahogany...... 71 See also Tall Fescue See also Utah Sweetvetch See also Cercocarpus ledifolius Festuca idahoensis Helianthus annuus...... 65, 81 Custom seed mix...... 20 See Idaho Fescue See also Annual Sunflower D Festuca ovina...... 54 Heliomeris multiflora...... 65 See also Sheep Fescue See also Showy Goldeneye Dactylis glomerata...... 53, 78 Festuca rubra...... 54, 79 Hercules Tall Wheatgrass...... 14 See also Orchardgrass See also Creeping Red Fescue Hesperostipa comata comata...... 54 Dahurian Wildrye...... 11, 13, 14, 17, 53 Festuca trachyphylla...... 54, 79 See also Needle & Thread Grass See also Elymus dahuricus See also Hard Fescue Honesuckle Silage...... 48 Daikon Radish...... 28 Firecracker Penstemon...... 65 Honeysuckle BMR...... 48 See also Raphanus sativus var. niger See also Penstemon eatonii Honeysuckle DM...... 48 Dalea purpureum purpurea...... 40 Firewheel...... 64 Horse Pasture Mix...... 14 See also Purple Prairie Clover See also Gaillardia pulchella Hybrid Wheatgass...... 54 Desert Bitterbrush...... 72 Fixation Balansa Clover...... 11, 17, 28, 40 See also Pseudorogneria spicata x See also Purshia glandulosa See also Trifolium michelianum; See Elytriga repens Desert Globemallow...... 66 also Trifolium incarnatum Hycrest Crested Wheatgrass...... 14, 53 See also Sphaeralcea ambigua Forage Cabbage...... 28 See also A. cristatum x desertorum Distichlis spicata...... 52 Forage Collard...... 28 See also Inland Saltgrass Forage Kale I Douglas Rabbitbrush...... 72 See Brassica oleracea var. sabellica Idaho Fescue...... 11, 53 See also Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Forerunner Triticale...... 49 See also Festuca idahoensis Dryland Orchardgrass...... 13, 14 Fourwing Saltbrush...... 71 Indian Blanket...... 64 Dryland Pasture Mix...... 13, 14 See also Atriplex canescens See also Gaillardia pulchella Fringed Sagebrush...... 71 Indian Ricegrass...... 11, 53 E See also Artemisia frigida See also Achnatherum hymenoides Frosty Berseem Clover...... 11, 17, 40 Echinacea purpurea...... 64 Inland Saltgrass...... 52 See also Trifolium alexandrinum See also Purple Prairie Coneflower See also Distichlis spicata FSG 423ST Salt Tolerant Alfalfa...... 14 Elymus dahuricus...... 53 Intermediate Ryegrass...... 14 FX 1001 Triticale...... 49 See also Dahurian Wildrye Intermediate Wheatgrass...... 11, 13, 14, 55 Elymus elymoides...... 53 G See also Thinopyrum intermedium See also Bottlebrush Squirreltail intermedia Elymus lanceolatus lanceolatus...... 53 Gaillardia aristata...... 64 Ipomopsis aggregata...... 65 See also Thickspike Wheatgrass See also Blanketflower See also Scarlet Gilia Elymus lanceolatus psammophilus...... 53 Gaillardia pulchella...... 64 Irrigated Pasture Mix...... 12, 14 See also Steambank Wheatgrass See also Firewheel; See also Indian Blanket Italian Ryegrass...... 54 Elymus trachycaulus trachycaulus...... 53 Galleta Grass...... 52 See also Lolium perenne multiflorum See also Slender Wheatgrass See also Pleuraphis jamesii 85 Index

J M Pasture Mixes...... 9 Dryland Pasture Mix...... 14 Juncus balticus...... 54 Mahonia repens...... 72 Great Plains Pasture Mix...... 14 See also Baltic Rush See also Creeping Oregon Grape Horse Pasture Mix...... 14 Mat Saltbrush...... 71 Irrigated Pasture Mix...... 14 K See also Atriplex corrugata Mountain & Cabin Mix...... 14 Meadow Brome...... 53 Salt & Alkali Soils Pasture Mix...... 14 Kentucky Bluegrass...... 11, 14, 54 Pearl Millet...... 28 See also Bromus biebersteinii See also Poa pratensis Meadow Bromegrass...... 11, 12, 14, 17 See also Pennisetum glaucum Koeleria macrantha...... 54 Medicago sativa...... 40, 77 Pennisetum glaucum...... 28 See also Prairie Junegrass See also Pearl Millet Kraschen-innikovia lanata...... 72 See also Alfalfa Medicago sativa falcata...... 40 Penstemon cyananthus...... 65 See also Winterfat See also Wasatch Penstemon See also Yellow Alfalfa Penstemon eatonii...... 65, 81 L Melilotus officinalis...... 40 See also Firecracker Penstemon See also Yellow Sweetclover Ladak Alfalfa...... 11 Mexican Hat...... 66 Penstemon palmeri...... 65, 81 See also Palmers Penstemon Ladino Clover...... 11, 17, 40 See also Ratibida columnifera See also Trifolium repens latum Mid-Maturing Forage Orchardgrass...... 12 Penstemon rydbergii...... 66 Larrea tridentata...... 72, 83 Mid-Maturing Forage Orchardgrass,...... 14 See also Rydbergs Penstemon See also Creosote Bush Mighty Mustard Mix...... 28 Penstemon strictus...... 66, 81 Late-Maturing Forage Orchardgrass. 12, 14 Mountain Big Sagebrush...... 71 See also Rocky Mountain Penstemon Perennial Blue Flax...... 65, 81 Lavina Beardless Barley...... 49 See also Artemisia tridentata vaseyana Legumes & Clover...... 39 Mountain Brome...... 53 See also Linum perenne Perennial Ryegrass...... 11, 12, 14, 17, 54 Letterman Needlegrass...... 53, 78 See also Bromus inermis See also Achnatherum lettermanii Mountain & Cabin Mix...... 14 See also Lolium perenne perenne Lewis Blue Flax...... 65 Mountain Lupine...... 65 Phacelia...... 28 See Phacelia tanacetifolia See also Linum lewisii See also Lupinus alpestris Leymus cinereus...... 54 Mountain Snowberry...... 72 Phacelia tanacetifolia...... 28 See Phacelia See also Basin Wildrye See also Symphoricarpos oreophilus Licorice Root...... 65 Mules Ear...... 66 Phalaris arundinacea...... 54 See also Reed Canarygrass See also Ligusticum porteri See also Wyethia mollis Ligusticum porteri...... 65 Munro’s Globemallow...... 66 Phleum pratense...... 54, 79 See also Timothy See also Licorice Root See also Sphaeralcea munroana Linum grandiflorum rubrum...... 65 Muttongrass...... 54 Pisum sativum subsp. arvense...... 28 See also Winter Peas See also Scarlet Flax See also Poa fendleriana Linum lewisii...... 65 Pleuraphis jamesii...... 52, 79 See also Lewis Blue Flax N See also Galleta Grass Linum perenne...... 65 Poa fendleriana...... 54, 79 Nassella viridula...... 54, 79 See also Perennial Blue Flax See also Muttongrass

Little Bluestem...... 52 See also Green Needlegrass Poa pratensis...... 54 Needle & Thread Grass...... 54 See also Schizachyrium scoparium See also Kentucky Bluegrass

Lolium perenne multiflorum... 28, 54, 76, 79 See also Hesperostipa comata comata Poa secunda ampla...... 54 Nematode Radish See also Annual Ryegrass; See also Italian See also Big Bluegrass See Raphanus sativus Ryegrass Poa secunda sandbergii...... 54 Nevada Ephedra...... 72 Lolium perenne perenne...... 54, 79 See also Sandberg Bluegrass See also Ephedra nevadensis See also Perennial Ryegrass Prairie Coneflower...... 66 See also Ratibida columnifera Lotus corniculatus...... 40 O See also Birdsfoot Trefoil Prairie Junegrass...... 11, 17, 54 Low Sagebrush...... 71 Oats 49 See also Koeleria macrantha See also Artemisia arbuscula Onobrychis viciifolia...... 40 Prairie Sage (Louisiana Sage)...... 71 Luoma Triticale...... 49 See also Sainfoin See also Artemisia ludoviciana Lupinus alpestris...... 65, 81 Orchardgrass...... 11, 14, 53 Prosper™ 3 Grain Forage Mix...... 49 See also Mountain Lupine See also Dactylis glomerata Prosper™ Plus with Peas...... 49 Lupinus argenteus...... 65 Oro Verde Tetraploid Perennial Rye...... 14 Prosper™ with Giant Oats...... 49 See also Silvery Lupine Prunus virginiana...... 72 Lupinus arizonicus...... 65 P See also Chokecherry Psathyrostachys juncea...... 52, 80 See also Arizona Lupine Paiute Orchardgrass...... 11 Lupinus caudatus...... 65 See also Russian Wildrye Palmers Penstemon...... 65 See also Tailcup Lupine Pseudoroegneria spicata spicata...... 55 See also Penstemon palmeri See also Bluebunch Wheatgrass Pascopyrum smithii...... 54, 79 Pseudorogneria spicata x Elytriga repens...... See also Western Wheatgrass 54, 80 86 Index

Pseudorogneria spicata x repens S Prosper Forage Mix...... 46 See Hybrid Wheatgass Prosper Plus with Peas...... 46 Pubescent Wheatgrass...... 11, 14, 55 Sage Grouse...... 23 Small-leaf Globemallow...... 66 See also Thinopyrum intermedium Sage Grouse Initiative...... 23 See also Sphaeralcea parvifolia trichophorum Sainfoin...... 11, 40 Smooth Brome...... 14, 53 Purple Prairie Clover...... 40 See also Onobrychis viciifolia See also Bromus inermis See also Dalea purpureum purpurea Salt & Alkali Soils Pasture Mix...... 14 Smooth Bromegrass...... 11, 13, 14, 17 Purple Prairie Coneflower...... 64 Sambucus nigra cerulea...... 72 Smooth Sumac...... 72 See also Echinacea purpurea See also Blue Elderberry See also Rhus glabra Purple Top Turnips Sambucus racemosa...... 72 Snake River Wheatgrass...... 53 See Brassica campestris See also Red Elderberry See also Elymus wawawaiensis Purshia glandulosa...... 72 Sandberg Bluegrass...... 11, 54 Sorghum × drummondii...... 28 See also Desert Bitterbrush See also Poa secunda sandbergii See also Sorghum Sudangrass Purshia mexicana stansburiana...... 72 Sand Dropseed...... 11, 52 Sorghum Sudangrass...... 28, 49 See also Cliffrose See also Sporobolus cryptandrus See also Sorghum × drummondii Purshia tridentata...... 72 Sand Sagebrush...... 71 Sphaeralcea ambigua...... 66, 82 See also Antelope Bitterbrush See also Artemisia filifolia See also Desert Globemallow Sanguisorba minor...... 66 Sphaeralcea coccinea...... 66 Q See also Small Burnet See also Scarlet Globemallow Saskatoon Serviceberry...... 71 Sphaeralcea grossularifolia...... 66 Quickdraw Orchardgrass...... 14 See also Amelanchier alnifolia See also Gooseberryleaf Globemallow R Scarlet Flax...... 65 Sphaeralcea munroana...... 66 See also Linum grandiflorum rubrum See also Munro’s Globemallow Ranger Alfalfa...... 11 Scarlet Gilia...... 65, 81 Sphaeralcea parvifolia...... 66, 82 Rapeseed...... 28 See also Ipomopsis aggregata See also Small-leaf Globemallow See Brassica napus Scarlet Globemallow...... 66 Sporabolus airoides...... 52, 80 Raphanus sativus See also Sphaeralcea coccinea See also Alkali Bulrush See Nematode Radish Schizachyrium scoparium...... 52 Sporobolus cryptandrus...... 52 Raphanus sativus var. niger...... 28 See also Little Bluestem See also Sand Dropseed See also Daikon Radish Schoenoplectus mantimus...... 52 Spring Small Grains...... 49 Ratibia columnifera...... 66, 82 See also Alkali Bulrush Standard Crested Wheatgrass...... 53 Ratibida columnifera...... 66 Secale cereale...... 28 See also Agropyron desertorum See also Prairie Coneflower; See See also Cereal Rye Steambank Wheatgrass...... 53 also Mexican Hat Seed Mixes For Sage Grouse Habitat...... 23 See also Elymus lanceolatus psammophilus Red Clover...... 11, 14, 17, 40 See also Sage Grouse Sticky Purple Geranium...... 64 See also Trifolium pratense Shadscale Saltbrush...... 71 See also Geranium viscosissimum Red Elderberry...... 72 See also Atriplex confertifolia Strawberry Clover...... 11, 14, 17, 40 See also Sambucus racemosa Sheep Fescue...... 11, 54 See also Trifolium fragiferum Reed Canarygrass...... 11, 54 See also Festuca ovina Streambank Wheatgrass...... 11 See also Phalaris arundinacea Showy Goldeneye...... 65 Sulfur Buckwheat...... 64 Rhus glabra...... 72, 83 See also Heliomeris multiflora See also Eriogonum umbellatum See also Smooth Sumac Siberian Wheatgrass...... 11, 17, 53 Sunn Hemp...... 28 Rhus trilobata...... 72 See also Agropyron fragile sibiricum See Crotalaria juncea See also Skunkbrush Sumac Sideoats Grama...... 11, 52 Symphoricarpos oreophilus...... 72 Rocky Mountain Beeplant...... 64 See also Bouteloua Curtipendula See also Mountain Snowberry See also Cleome serrulata Silver Sagebrush...... 71 Rocky Mountain Penstemon...... 66 See also Artemisia cana T Silvery Lupine...... 65 See also Penstemon strictus Tailcup Lupine...... 65 See also Lupinus argenteus Rosa woodsii...... 72 Sinapis alba...... 28 See also Lupinus caudatus See also Woods Rose Tall Fescue...... 11, 12, 53 See also White Mustard Rubber Rabbitbrush...... 72 Skunkbrush Sumac...... 72 See also Festuca arundinacea See also Ericameria nauseosa Tall Fescue Forage Type...... 14 See also Rhus trilobata Rudbeckia hirta...... 66 Tall Wheatgrass...... 11, 14, 17, 55 Slender Wheatgrass...... 11, 13, 14, 17, 53 See also Black Eyed Susan See also Thinopyrum ponticum See also Elymus trachycaulus trachycaulus Rudbeckia occidentalis...... 66, 82 Teff Grass...... 52 Small Burnet...... 11, 17, 66 See also Western Coneflower See also Eragrostis Tef See also Sanguisorba minor Russian Wildrye...... 11, 17, 52 Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrass...... 14 Small Grain Mixes...... 45 See also Psathyrostachys juncea Thickspike Wheatgrass...... 11, 17, 53 Rustler Tall Fescue...... 14 Baldwin Fall Awnletted Barley...... 48 See also Elymus lanceolatus lanceolatus Rydbergs Penstemon...... 66 Fall Forage Blend...... 46 FX 1001 Beardless Fall Triticale...... 47 Thinopyrum intermedium intermedia...... 55 See also Penstemon rydbergii Honeysuckle Sorghum Sudangrass...... 48 See also Intermediate Wheatgrass 87 Index

Thinopyrum intermedium trichophorum. 55 Honey Bee Wildflower Mix...... 58 See also Pubescent Wheatgrass Midwest Wildflower Mix...... 62 Thinopyrum ponticum...... 55 Monarch Butterfly Flower Mix...... 62 Mountain Cabin & Contrator Mix...... 63 See also Tall Wheatgrass Mountain Wildflower Mix...... 60, 63 Timothy...... 11, 14, 54 Northwest Wildflower Mix...... 63 See also Phleum pratense Southwest Native Wildflower Mix...... 63 Trifolium alexandrinum...... 28, 40 Southwest Wildflower Mix...... 63 See also Frosty Berseem Clover Western Wildflower Mix...... 63 Trifolium fragiferum...... 40 Wildflowers & Forbs...... 57 See also Strawberry Clover Willow Creek Wheat...... 49 Trifolium hybridum...... 40 Winterfat...... 72 See also Alsike Clover See also Kraschen-innikovia lanata Trifolium incarnatum...... 28, 40 Winter Peas...... 28 See also Crimson Clover See also Pisum sativum subsp. arvense Trifolium michelianum...... 28, 40 Winter Rye Grain...... 14 See also Fixation Balansa Clover Woods Rose...... 72 Trifolium pratense...... 40, 77 See also Rosa woodsii See also Red Clover Wyethia mollis...... 66 Trifolium repens...... 40 See also Mules Ear See also White Dutch Clover Wyoming Big Sagebrush...... 71 Trifolium repens latum...... 40 See also Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis See also Ladino Clover Turf & Lawn...... 43 Y Patagonia Turf Tall Fescue...... 43 Premium Lawn and Turf Blend...... 43 Yellow Alfalfa...... 40 Sundancer Buffalograss...... 43 See also Medicago sativa falcata Tall Fescue Turf Blend...... 43 Yellow Beeplant...... 64 Twin Wheat...... 49 See also Balsamorhiza sagittata Tyndall Triticale...... 49 Yellow Rabbitbrush...... 72 See also Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus U Yellow Sweetclover...... 11, 17, 40 See also Melilotus officinalis Utah Serviceberry...... 71 See also Amelanchier utahensis Utah Sweetvetch...... 64 See also Hedysarum boreale utahensis V Vicia americana...... 40 See also American Vetch Vicia sativ...... 40 See also Common Vetch Vicia villosa...... 28, 40 See also Hairy Vetch W Wasatch Penstemon...... 65 See also Penstemon cyananthus Western Coneflower...... 66 See also Rudbeckia occidentalis Western Wheatgrass...... 11, 17, 54 See also Pascopyrum smithii Western Yarrow...... 64 See also Achillea millefolium occidentalis White Dutch Clover...... 11, 40 See also Trifolium repens White Mustard...... 28 See also Sinapis alba White Yarrow...... 64 See also Achillea millefolium Wildflower Mixes...... 57 Honeybee Flower Mix...... 62 88 Notes

Need help? Give us a call at 435.283.1411 | greatbasinseed.com 89 Notes

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95 What is the great basin?

The Great Basin is the geographic area between the Sierra Nevada mountains on the West, the Rocky Mountains on the East and the Snake River Basin on the North. 95% of the state of Nevada is in the Great Basin. About half of Utah lies within the Great Basin, as do parts of California, Oregon, Idaho and Wyoming.

The defining attribute of the Great Basin is that precipitation falling within it’s watershed never reaches an ocean – it drains to the salty interior basins and lakes of the Intermountain West where it eventually seeps into the ground or evaporates. All water drains internally. The Great Basin is a 210,000 square mile bathtub with no drain.

Great Basin Seed headquarters sits on the eastern edge of the Great Basin Province at the foot of the Wasatch Plateau with high mountains on our back doorstep, juxtaposed by the dramatic and seemingly barren and inhospitable landscapes to the west.

On the eastern waterline between the Great Basin and the rest of the country, a fallen snowflake or drop of rain might fall on one side of the line, travel eastward down the mountain to the Green River, join the mighty Colorado River and eventually make it’s way to the Gulf of Mexico. A drop of water falling just inches away might travel west into the Great Basin where it meanders between desert ranges. It will eventually drain into the ground or evaporate from the surface of a salty desert hardpan. A tiny gust of wind could land that snowflake or raindrop mere inches one way or the other and results in a very different fate. This process is not unique to the Great Basin by any means…the same process happens everywhere on the planet. But in the Great Basin the result of this micro-event, multiplied by every drop of water that ever falls, results in a fascinating dichotomy. Dramatic geography, wildlife and plant life, culture, industry, travel and ways of life are all shaped by the process and are uniquely different from adjacent landscapes.

The Great Basin is our home. Our ancestors were among the first European settlers to set roots here. The Great Basin is where the vast majority of our native seeds are grown, harvested and produced. We grow and buy very large volumes of seed outside the boundaries of the Great Basin, but this is home – the heart of it all, and it’s where our name was born.

Great Basin Seed

96 Parting Shot

Top: Company portrait 2008. L to R: Lloyd Stevens, Eric Stevens, Heidi Stevens, Jason Stevens. Silver gelatin print by Jason Stevens. Bottom: Company portrait 2019. L to R: Lloyd Stevens, Eric Stevens, Heidi Stevens, Jason Stevens. Photo by Emma Stevens.

97 Great Basin Seed

450 S 50 E Ephraim UT 84627 greatbasinseed.com 435.283.1411