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Appendix 9A Hydrogeological Baseline Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report Appendix 9A: Hydrogeological Baseline Report Appendix 9A Hydrogeological Baseline Report Maxim Power Corp. Page 9A-1 January 2009 REPORT TO MAXIM POWER CORPORATION and ALBERTA ENVIRONMENT HYDROGEOLOGICAL BASELINE REPORT, HR MILNER GENERATING STATION, NEAR GRANDE CACHE, ALBERTA PROJECT NO.: PR08-04 Prepared By July 28, 2008 Executive Summary Maxim Power Corporation (MAXIM) is currently in the process of a major expansion of their existing HR Milner thermal power generating station located approximately 20km north east of Grande Cache, Alberta. The HR Milner Generating Station and facilities are located in the north half of Section 10 and the south half of Section 15, Township 58, Ranges 7 and 8, West of the 6th Meridian. The expansion will require a number of initiatives including the development of both a baseline environmental assessment and an environmental impact assessment. This section provides the hydrogeological information requested in Section 4.3.1 of Alberta Environment’s (AENV) April 8, 2008 Draft Terms of Reference. Impact assessment and monitoring/mitigation components are provided in Section 9 of the Impact Assessment Report. The HR Milner Generating Station is located on a flood plain terrace on the northwest bank of the Smoky River immediately down-gradient from the Grande Cache Coal Corporation’s Coal Processing Plant. The terrace that underlies the Station is approximately five metres above river elevation. Surface drainage is toward the Smoky River; however, most rainfall infiltrates vertically downward into the underlying groundwater unless collected in storm drains and ditches. Potential sources of impact to local groundwater at the existing and proposed Plant Site include: • holding tanks and water line leaks on the process system (including fire suppression system), waterworks or domestic wastewater systems, • discharge of process water blowdown to the settling ponds, • chemical/fuel spillage, and • treatment chemicals (water softening primarily) in process water discharged through the settling ponds. The uplands area surrounding the Station consist of front range mountains formed by the Cretaceous Luscar Group. Adjacent bedrock outcrops in the lower portion of Smoky River Valley consist of the underlying Torrens Member, Moosebar Formation and the Gladstone Formation. The limbs of southern Smoky River valley slope is partially covered by glacio-fluvial valley fill terrace up to an elevation of approximately 940masl. This post-glacial deposit consists of poorly graded and sorted silty gravel with sand that was deposited Hydrogeological Baseline Report, Maxim Power Corporation, near Grande Cache, Alberta; Westcan Watertech Report, July 28, 2008 Page 1 throughout much of the Smoky River valley during deglaciation. This formation has been locally incised and eroded by intermittent streams cascading down the slopes of uplands on both sides of the river. The Station is located on a point bar deposit laid down as a Quaternary alluvial deposit from the Smoky River which is a braided stream in a confined valley. Recent groundwater exploration at the GCC Plant Site has shown coarse gravel deposit is present immediately overlying the bedrock in this area and is interpreted to be pre- glacial in origin. The shallow alluvial sand and gravel aquifer underlying the Station contains coarse sand, gravel and cobbles. The shallow aquifer unconfined and is within ten metres of ground surface and is hydraulically linked with water levels in the Smoky River. The deep gravel aquifer intersected by groundwater supply boreholes at GCC is a limestone/dolomite coarse gravel/cobble deposit likely forming confined basal aquifer overlying bedrock at an average elevation of 865masl. Given the much higher content of limestone in the gravels, it is interpreted to be a pre-glacial alluvial valley deposit as the closest limestone deposits are over 20km upstream in the Smoky River Valley. The orientation of shallow groundwater movement in the river valley is seasonally variable. Typically, groundwater moves down gradient toward the Smoky River during most of the year when the Smoky River is at low or mean flow with reversed recharge from the river occurring within during brief high river flows in May or June. The deep gravel aquifer is recharged from the Smoky River at some point upgradient but can be no closer than 700m from the Station and possibly as much as five kilometres upstream. Hydraulic conductivity (K) testing carried out in 2001 found that the alluvial aquifer yielded mean K values in the order of 7 X 10-6 m/s (0.6m/day). Hydraulic gradient (ί) is variable depending upon groundwater and river water elevation. Monthly groundwater gradient from the GCC plant site to the Smoky River was calculated based on the relative water levels from monitor wells to the river from 2004 to 2007. Hydraulic gradients over the Plant Site and have been found to range from +0.011 (late winter to the river) and -0.022 (from the Smoky River to groundwater for a few weeks in early June 2006). Groundwater movement is generally parallel with the Smoky River throughout most of the year. Recharge of groundwater from the Smoky occurs for only a few weeks during the spring freshet and does not extend more than 50m from the river itself. Hydrogeological Baseline Report, Maxim Power Corporation, near Grande Cache, Alberta; Westcan Watertech Report, July 28, 2008 Page 2 Recent testing indicates this aquifer has a relatively high transmissivity in the range of 300 to 500m2 per day. With a maximum aquifer thickness of ten metres, this equates to a hydraulic conductivity in excess of 30m/day which is much higher than the shallow aquifer. Potential developable long term yields in excess of 1000m3/day may be possible. There is an excellent groundwater monitoring network and baseline database available which from the existing HR Milner and GCC monitoring networks. There are three groupings of water quality type based on source and location: • Smoky River Water typically of the calcium bicarbonate type (Upper Smoky River), • The shallow alluvial aquifer typically of the calcium bicarbonate type with increasing sodium content, and • The deeper preglacial gravel aquifer containing softer water with increased proportion of sodium and chloride. It is evident that water quality becomes increasing mineralized with depth and distance from the Smoky River. The cation exchange mechanism is evident and typical of increasing travel and residence time. With the common exception of manganese and TDS, all groundwater samples collected from the existing HR Milner Station groundwater monitoring wells in 2006 met the applicable guidelines (Canadian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines [CDWQG]). All trace elements, with the exception of manganese and occasionally dissolved iron, met the CDWQG. The existing Milner Generating Station does not utilize groundwater as domestic water is hauled by truck from Grande Cache. The nearby GCC plant site uses a licensed 35m industrial water supply well for potable water use. The nearest domestic users are located approximately four kilometres downstream at Wanyandie Flats where at least two water supply wells are used as a manual community supply. Hydrogeological Baseline Report, Maxim Power Corporation, near Grande Cache, Alberta; Westcan Watertech Report, July 28, 2008 Page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................1 TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................4 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE .......................................................................... 6 2.0 TOPOGRAPHY, DRAINAGE AND SITE OPERATIONS ....................................... 6 2.1 Topography ........................................................................................... 6 2.2 Surface Runoff and Storm Drainage ....................................................... 7 2.3 Wastewater Drainage and Control .......................................................... 7 2.4 Generating Station Operations ............................................................... 8 3.0 GEOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Bedrock Geology .................................................................................... 8 3.2 Surficial Geology .................................................................................... 9 4.0 HYDROGEOLOGY ........................................................................................... 9 4.1 Bedrock Aquifers ................................................................................. 10 4.2 Surficial Aquifers ................................................................................. 11 4.2.1 Shallow Gravel Aquifer ............................................................... 11 4.2.3 Deep Gravel Aquifer ................................................................... 11 4.3 Groundwater Movement ....................................................................... 12 4.3.1 Shallow Gravel Aquifer ............................................................... 12 4.3.2 Deep Gravel Aquifer ................................................................... 12 4.4 Groundwater Users .............................................................................. 12 4.5 Quantitative Hydrogeology ..................................................................
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