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Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Cynipidae) © Entomologica Fennica. 10 September 2019 Discovery of Xestophanopsis gen. n. from China and taxonomic revision of two species misplaced in Ceroptres Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Cynipidae) Juli Pujade-Villar, Yiping Wang*, Zhiwei Liu, Xuexin Chen, Junhua He & Mar Ferrer-Suay Pujade-Villar, J., Wang, Y.*, Liu, Z., Chen, X., He, J. & Ferrer-Suay, M. 2019: Discovery of Xestophanopsis gen. n. from China and taxonomic revision of two species misplaced in Ceroptres Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Cyni- pidae). — Entomol. Fennica 30: 126–137. https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.84149 In the present paper, we describe Xestophanopsis Pujade-Villar & Wang gen. n. to the tribe Diastrophini based on Ceroptres distinctus Wang, Liu & Chen, 2012 and transfer Ceroptres distinctus Wang, Liu & Chen, 2012 to Periclistus Foerster, 1869 as Periclistus setosus (Wang, Liu & Chen, 2012) comb. n. In addition, we report the first record of Periclistus capillatus Kovalev, 1968 from China, along with the first report and description of the male. Finally, we provide a taxonomic key to all Eastern Palaearctic species of the genus Periclistus. J. Pujade-Villar, Department of Animal Biology, Barcelona University, Barce- lona 08028, Catalunya; E-mail: [email protected] Y. Wang, College of Forest and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agricultural and For- estry University, Lin’an 311300, China; *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Z. Liu, Eastern Illinois University, Department of Life Sciences, Charleston, Illi- nois, USA 61920, and Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Col- lege of Life Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China, 412006; E-mail: [email protected] X. Chen & J. He, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotech- nology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; E-mail: xxchen@zju. edu.cn M. Ferrer-Suay, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; E-mail: [email protected] Received 6 March 2016, accepted 22 June 2018 1. Introduction few unusual species appear to be seed gallers (Weld 1957, 1959, 1960, Ronquist & Liljeblad Gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Cyni- 2001, Buffington & Morita 2009). Approxi- pidae) are endophytophagous herbivores whose mately 1,400 gall wasp species are currently larvae develop in galls on vegetative organs of the known (Ronquist et al. 2015). host plants, either as gall-inducers, or as inquiline The family Cynipidae is currently grouped in- inhabitants of galls induced by other cynipids to 12 tribes based on a recent comprehensive phy- (Liljeblad & Ronquist 1998, Csóka et al. 2005, logenetic analysis using both morphological and Pénzes et al. 2009, Ronquist et al. 2015), while a molecular data (Ronquist et al. 2015). Several ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 30 • Taxonomy of Cynipidae of China 127 new tribes, including Diastrophini, have been mongolicus Belizin, 1973 from Mongolia, P. ca- erected according to the updated classification pillatus Belizin, 1968 from Russia (Primorskij scheme. Diastrophini is apparently a monophyle- Kraj), P.natalis Taketani & Yasumatsu, 1973 and tic lineage currently consisting of two genera of P. quinlani Taketani & Yasumatsu, 1973 from Ja- gall makers, Diastrophus Hartig, 1840 and Xes- pan, and P. qinghainensis Pujade-Villar, Wang, tophanes Foerster, 1869, previously included in Guo & Chen, 2016 from Qinghai Province of the tribe Aylacini, and two inquiline genera, Pe- China. The genus Synophromorpha has a Nearc- riclistus Foerster, 1869 and Synophromorpha tic and Eastern Palaearctic distribution with six Ashmead, 1903, previously included in the tribe described species (Abe et al. 2007), including Synergini. As is understood currently, all mem- two species from the Eastern Palaearctic: S. tobi- bers of the Diastrophini are associated with Rosa- asi Belizin, 1973 (from Tajikistan and Kyrgyz- ceae host plants. stan, with status uncertain) and S. taketanii Abe, Compared to the other gall wasps that induce 1998 from Japan (Abe et al. 2007). Of the six galls on herbaceous or bush host plants, members known species of Synophromorpha,fiveare of Diastrophus (on Rubus)andXestophanes (on known to be associated with Diastrophus galls Potentilla) differ in having a basal lobe on tarsal (Ronquist & Liljeblad 2001) while the remaining claws. Diastrophus is widely distributed in the species needs to be confirmed, although it is ex- Holarctic (Palaearctic and Nearctic) (Schick et al. pected to have similar host gall association (Abe 2003, Melika 2006, Abe et al. 2007) and Neo- 1998, Abe et al. 2007). In total, six inquilinous tropical areas (Nieves-Aldrey et al. 2013). The 18 species in the tribe Diastrophini are known from currently known species of the genus all induce the Eastern Palaearctic. galls on host plants in the family Rosaceae The genus Ceroptres Hartig, 1840 is the sing- (Potentilla, Fragaria and Rubus), with one ex- le member of the tribe Ceroptresini established by ception, D. smilacis Ashmead, 1896, which in- Ronquist et al. (2015) and is diagnosed by two duces galls on the monocotyledonous Smilax morphological features: (i) presence of two raised (Smilaceae) (Ashmead 1896, Schick et al. 2003). vertical carinae on the lower face and (ii) metaso- The genus Xestophanes is endemic to Europe in mal tergite 2 free (not fused with metasomal tergi- the Western Palaearctic and consists of only two te 3) and small (ratio of median length of metaso- known species (Nieves-Aldrey 1994, 2001, mal tergite 2 to median length of metasomal tergi- Melika 2006). Both Xestophanes species are te 3 < 1.0). Ceroptres consists of about 24 known known to induce galls on Potentilla (Rosaceae), species and has a Holarctic distribution (Ronquist but were also reported to induce galls on et al. 2015). All Ceroptres species with a host re- Sibbaldia (Rosaceae) (Belizin 1959), although cord are associated with cryptic cynipid galls on the latter host record needs to be confirmed (Abe Quercus (Ronquist et al. 2015). In Eastern Palae- et al. 2007). arctic, a total of five species have been reported, The inquilinous members of Diastrophini, including Ceroptres setosus Wang, Liu & Chen, Periclistus and Synophromorpha,differfrom 2012 and Ceroptres distinctus Wang, Liu & other Palaearctic inquiline genera (except Cerop- Chen, 2012 (Wang et al. 2012). tres) in having the metasomal tergite I reduced to In a recent effort of systematic survey of the a dorsal crescent-shaped scale. Periclistus has a Eastern Palaearctic cynipid inquilines not be- Holarctic distribution with 15 known species longing to Synergini, especially from mainland (Penzés et al. 2012, Pujade-Villar et al. 2016). All China, we came to the conclusion that the re- known species of the genus Periclistus are associ- cently described Ceroptres setosus and C. dis- ated with galls induced by Diplolepis and Liebe- tinctus (Wang et al. 2012) were erroneously lia (Cynipidae: Diplolepidini) on rose hosts, ex- placed based on misinterpretation of key diagnos- cept one Nearctic species, P. smilacis Ashmead tic features, and that the former should be trans- 1896, which was reared from galls of Diastro- ferredtothePericlistus while the latter represents phus smilacis in Florida, USA. In the Eastern Pa- a new genus in the tribe Diastrophini. In the pres- laearctic, five species of the genus are known up ent paper, we report the discovery of the new ge- to date (Pujade-Villar et al. 2016), which are P. nus, make taxonomic corrections and provide full 128 Pujade-Villar et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 30 redescriptions of both Ceroptres setosus and Ce- Material examined. 3$, see Xestophanopsis roptres distinctus. In addition, we report the first distinctus (Wang, Liu & Chen, 2012) comb. n. record of Periclistus capillatus Kovalev, 1968 below. from China and describe the male of the species Diagnosis. Xestophanopsis gen. n. differs for the first time. Finally, we provide an updated from Diastrophus and Xestophanes in having 10 taxonomic key to all Periclistus species known very long flagellomeres (11 and shorter in Dia- from the Eastern Palaearctic region. strophus and Xestophanes), F1 shorter than F2 (equal or longer in Diastrophus and Xestopha- 2. Materials and methods nes), radial cell very long, at least 4.0 times as long as broad (at most 3.5 times as long as wide in We follow Liljeblad and Ronquist (1998) and Diastrophus and Xestophanes). It further differs Melika (2006) for morphological terminology, from Xestophanes in having a strong tarsal tooth Ronquist and Nordlander (1989) for abbrevia- (tarsal tooth weak in Xestophanes) and from Dia- tions of forewing venation, and Harris (1979) for strophus in having metasomal tergite II and III fu- cuticular surface terminology. The measurements sed (tergite II and III not fused in Diastrophus) and abbreviations used include: F1–F12, first and and radial cell partially closed along the margin subsequent flagellomeres; POL, post-ocellar dis- (opened in Diastrophus). Xestophanopsis gen. n. tance; OOL, the distance between the inner mar- differs from Synophromorha and Periclistus (in- gins of the posterior ocelli; ocellar-ocular dis- quilinous genera) in having a smooth scutum tance measured as the distance from the outer without piliferous punctures, with very short and edge of the posterior ocellus to the inner margin very superficial notauli (scutum, if smooth, with of the compound eye and LOL, the distance be- piliferous punctures in Periclistus and notauli tween lateral and frontal ocelli. The length of the complete and strong, forming deep grooves in Sy- radial cell is measured from the conjunction of R1 nophromorpha). In addition, the new genus also with 2r to the marginal end of Rs or its projection differs from Periclistus in having strong facial ca- when the vein does not reach wing margin. The rinae (with delicate facial carinae in Periclistus). width of the radial cell is measured from the ante- Finally, the new genus differs from all Diastro- rior margin of forewing to the conjunction of Rs phini genera by female F2 being slightly curved with 2r. and flagellomeres very long. All pictures were taken using a digital camera Despription.
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