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Section No. 3.3: Fisheries Resources Survey

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Section No. 3.3: Fisheries Resources Survey Section No. 3.3: Fisheries Resources Survey TERMPOL Surveys and Studies ENBRIDGE NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT FINAL - REV. 0 Prepared for: Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. January 20, 2010 Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Section No. 3.3: Fisheries Resources Survey Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Objectives ...................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Project Areas ................................................................................................... 1-1 2 Fish and Fish Habitat ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Marine and Anadromous Fish .......................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Key Species ................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Important Areas ............................................................................................. 2-6 2.2 Benthos .......................................................................................................... 2-15 2.2.1 Key Species ................................................................................................. 2-15 2.2.2 Important Areas ........................................................................................... 2-19 2.3 Marine Mammals and Turtles ......................................................................... 2-23 2.3.1 Key Species ................................................................................................. 2-23 2.3.2 Important Areas ........................................................................................... 2-28 2.4 Marine Birds ................................................................................................... 2-41 2.4.1 Key Species ................................................................................................. 2-41 2.4.2 Important Areas ........................................................................................... 2-44 3 Geographic Locations of Fishing Activities ...................................................... 3-1 3.1 Fishing Boundaries .......................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Areas of High Fishing Effort .............................................................................. 3-3 3.3 Major Fisheries and Important Fishing Grounds ............................................... 3-7 3.3.1 Groundfish ..................................................................................................... 3-7 3.3.2 Pelagic and Anadromous Fishes ................................................................. 3-17 3.3.3 Invertebrates ................................................................................................ 3-19 4 Seasonal Variations of Fishing Activities ......................................................... 4-1 4.1 Fishery Openings and Closures in the Study Area ........................................... 4-2 5 Customary Routes to Major Fishing Grounds .................................................. 5-1 January 20, 2010 FINAL - REV. 0 Page i Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Section No. 3.3: Fisheries Resources Survey Table of Contents Table Of Contents (continued) 6 References .....................................................................................................6-1 6.1 Literature Cited ................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Personal Communications ................................................................................ 6-5 6.3 Internet Sites .................................................................................................... 6-5 Appendix A Figure Layer Keys ................................................................. A-1 List of Tables Table 2-1 Biologically Important Areas for Ground, Pelagic and Anadromous Fishes in the Study Area ......................................................................... 2-9 Table 2-2 Invertebrate Species Associated with Marine Ecosections of the Study Area ............................................................................................ 2-20 Table 2-3 Summary of Marine Mammals and Turtles in the Study Area ............... 2-32 Table 2-4 Key Species of Marine Birds and Habitat Use in the Study Area .............. 52 Table 4-1 Fishery Openings and Closures in the Study Area .................................. 4-1 Table A-1 Figure 4: Marine and Anadromous Fish Summary Figure References ............................................................................................. A-1 Table A-2 Figure 5: Benthos Summary Figure References .................................... A-2 Table A-3 Figure 8: Marine Mammals and Turtles Summary Figure References ............................................................................................. A-3 Table A-4 Figure 9: Marine Birds Summary Figure References ............................. A-5 Table A-5 Figure 17: Commercial Fisheries Summary Figure References ............. A-6 Page ii FINAL - REV. 0 January 20, 2010 Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Section No. 3.3: Fisheries Resources Survey Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 1-1 Marine Ecosections of the North Central Coast ...................................... 1-2 Figure 2-1 Herring Spawn Locations in the CCAA ................................................... 2-7 Figure 2-2 Eulachon Estuary Locations in the CCAA ............................................... 2-8 Figure 2-3 Important Habitat Areas for Marine Fishes in the Study Area ............... 2-13 Figure 2-4 Summary of Important Areas for Marine Benthos in the Study Area .... 2-21 Figure 2-5 Marine Mammal Sightings in the CCAA (GEM 2005, 2006) ................. 2-29 Figure 2-6 BC Cetacean Sightings Network Sightings in the CCAA, 1989 to 2005 ......................................................................................... 2-30 Figure 2-7 Summary of Important Areas for Marine Mammals .............................. 2-39 Figure 2-8 Important Areas of Habitat Use in the CCAA ........................................ 2-45 Figure 2-9 Vessel Based Marine Bird Survey Route within the CCAA ................... 2-46 Figure 2-10 Abundance of All Marine Birds (Excluding Gulls) during Spring ........... 2-47 Figure 2-11 Abundance of All Marine Birds during Summer 2006 ........................... 2-48 Figure 2-12 Abundance of All Marine Birds during Winter 2006 .............................. 2-49 Figure 2-13 Important Areas of Bird Habitat Use in the NCC ................................... 2-73 Figure 3-1 Fisheries Management Area 6 and Associated Sub-Areas (Image © Copyright DFO) ....................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3-2 Fisheries Management Area 6 and Associated Sub-Areas (Image © Copyright DFO) ....................................................................... 3-3 Figure 3-3 Summary of High Commercial Fishing Effort Areas in the NCC ............. 3-5 Figure 3-4 Commercial Groundfish Trawl Effort Areas ............................................ 3-9 January 20, 2010 FINAL - REV. 0 Page iii Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Section No. 3.3: Fisheries Resources Survey Table of Contents List of Figures (continued) Figure 3-5 Commercial Groundfish Schedule II Hook and Line Effort Areas .......... 3-12 Figure 3-6 Cumulative Commercial Outside Groundfish (ZN) Hook and Line Effort Area ..................................................................................... 3-13 Figure 3-7 Cumulative Commercial Sablefish Longline Effort Areas ...................... 3-14 Figure 3-8 Cumulative Commercial Sablefish Trap Effort Areas ............................ 3-15 Figure 3-9 Cumulative Commercial Crab Trap Effort Areas ................................... 3-21 Figure 3-10 Cumulative Commercial Shrimp Trawl Effort Areas .............................. 3-24 Figure 3-11 Cumulative Commercial Prawn Trap Effort Areas ................................. 3-26 Figure 3-12 Commercial Geoduck Effort Areas ........................................................ 3-28 Figure 3-13 Cumulative Commercial Red and Green Sea Urchin Effort Areas ........ 3-30 Figure 3-14 Commercial Sea Cucumber Effort Areas .............................................. 3-32 Figure 5-1 Summer Fishing Industry Vessel Traffic 2003 (Image © Copyright DFO) ....................................................................... 5-2 Figure 5-2 Winter Fishing Industry Traffic 2003 (Image © Copyright DFO) .............. 5-3 Page iv FINAL - REV. 0 January 20, 2010 Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Section No. 3.3: Fisheries Resources Survey Section 1: Objectives 1 Objectives In accordance with the TERMPOL Code, TP473E 2001, Section 3.3 the Fishery Resources Survey has four primary objectives. These are to identify: fish and fish habitat, including any sensitive marine areas which may be affected by the project; geographical locations of regional fishing operations; seasonal variations of fishing activities; and customary routes to major fishing grounds from ports used by fishing vessels. For completeness all major categories of marine life that could be affected by the project have been included. This includes fish, benthos, marine mammals, and sea birds. 1.1 Project Areas The British Columbia coast and associated waters have been divided into two project-specific regions for the purposes of this study. The North
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