DOCSLIB.ORG

Addis Ababa University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Addis Ababa University ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES THE GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TERCHA COAL, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA: INDICATION FOR ENERGY VALUE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN EARTH SCIENCES (RESOURCE GEOLOGY, PETROLEUM AND COAL GEOLOGY). TAKELE MENGISTIE MIHRETIE Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia May 2018 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES THE GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TERCHA COAL, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA: INDICATION FOR ENERGY VALUE BY: TAKELE MENGISTIE MIHRETIE MAY 2018 ADVISOR: BALEMWAL ATNAFU (PhD) CO-ADVISOR: WORASH GETANEH (PhD) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN EARTH SCIENCES (RESOURCE GEOLOGY, PETROLEUM AND COAL GEOLOGY). May, 2018 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN EARTH SCIENCES (PETROLEUM AND COAL GEOLOGY). By: TAKELE MENGISTIE MIHRETIE College of Natural Sciences School of Earth Sciences Petroleum and Coal Geology stream Approved by board of Examiners Dr. Balemwal Atnafu _______________ _______________ (Chairman) signature Date Dr. Balemwal Atnafu _______________ _______________ (Advisor) signature Date Dr. Worash Getaneh _______________ _______________ (Co-advisor) signature Date Dr. Mulugeta Fessha _______________ _______________ (Examiner) signature Date Dr. Gilamichael Kidanemariam _______________ _______________ (Examiner) signature Date Declaration This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university and that all sources of material used for the thesis have been acknowledged duly. _________________________________ Takele Mengistie Mihretie College of Natural Sciences School of Earth Sciences Petroleum and Coal Geology stream Approved by; Dr. Balemwal Atenafu (Advisor) _____________________________ Dr. Worash Getaneh (Co-advisor) _____________________________ Abstract Energy is critical input for different purposes. Present study deals with characterizing the energy of Tercha coal and its use. In countries, like Ethiopia, which imports almost all of their energy source, hydrocarbon, further analysis of known deposits and investigation of new area, like this, should forward in detail to decrease exchange rates, expand energy related accessibilities, factories, agricultural sector and others. The coal, in which this research conducted, is found in Southwestern Ethiopia, Dawro Zone, Tercha town approximately 550 Km distant from Addis Ababa. The geology of the area comprises two rock groups of Oligocene age; Igneous (trachyte, welded ignimbrite and volcanic glass units) and Sedimentary (mudstone, shale and coal units) rocks. NW and SE part of the study area is covered by volcanic rock while the sedimentary units are exposed along NE and SW part. The units are formed in two different swamps or lagoons. Different stratigraphic sections recorded in SW part of the study area are correlated litho- stratigraphically. The main objective of this research is characterization of the physical and chemical properties of the coal in the perspective of its energy value for different economic scopes. The methods involved to achieve the objectives are desk studies about the area, fieldwork for mapping and sampling, laboratory analysis (Proximate, Ultimate, CV and TOC). Four stratigraphic sections and Geological map (1:10,000) have been developed. The coal thickness in S1 and S2 stratigraphic sections, are very thin and dominated by clastic materials. The integrated analysis results confirmed that the coal which is found NE of the study area, is higher than other studied coal, in its rank (High Volatile B bituminous coal), best energy (steel-grade I) and, vitrinite and liptinite in maceral type in addition to that of it has considerable thickness. The coal which is found south of the study area, is subbituminous – bituminous in rank and Washery Grade IV in its energy value. Seam 1 and seam 4 are lowest in grade, rank and its energy value. From all studied samples, in general, the coal found southern and NE part of the study area have better quality for different economic purposes like; steam, coking, power generation, fertilizer production, in cement industry and chemical production. Key Words: Tercha, Coal, Energy Value, Calorific Value III ACKNOWLEDGMENT Before and above all everything I am honored when I thank the almighty God, who helped me throughout my life. I thank my advisors Dr. Balemwal Atenafu and Dr. Worash Getaneh for their ensuing guidance, constructive inspect, constant inspiration, reviewing the thesis and providing useful comments throughout the research since the beginning. I am thankful to Addis Ababa University, Woldia University and Geological Survey of Ethiopia, for the assistance I have received during my studies and/or research of the Master’s Program. I am also greatly thankful to the Tercha town friendly people and Administration officers for their permission to do the fieldwork. I really appreciate and thanks Fantahun, who helped me during fieldwork, for his kind support throughout my stay in Tercha. I thank all my friends (Getnet Gezahegn, Bahru Zinaye, Samuel Getachew, Abate Assen, Amdemichael Zafu, Ermias Filfilu, Million Alemayehu, Tadele Tessema, Tenaw Mengistie, Tadele Dagne, Biniyam Fentie and Teklu Bangu) for their day to day pursuit to accomplish the research. Deepest gratitude to my family, my mother (Kerebesh Tesfay), my father (Mengistie Mihretie), siblings (Fantanesh Mengistie, Nebret Mengistie, Eyerus Mengistie, Yigermal Mengistie, Fiker Mengistie and Meron Mengistie), uncle (elderly Getachew Tesfay), sisters (Mesetewal Bitew, Alemtsehay Bitew, Birtukan Bitew and Hana Tesfahun), and Kins (Gizachew Belay, Tsegay Tamir, Misganaw Birhanu, Melkamu Sheferaw, Tsegaye Sheferaw, Yenework Limeneh and Fekadu Molalign). Great thanks are also for all other family and friends who constantly encouraged, helped and sustained me for my success. Great respect for all. IV Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ I Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................ II Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................III List of Tables and Figures............................................................................................................. IV Acronym ..................................................................................................................................... VIII CHAPTER ONE ..............................................................................................................................1 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ..............................................................................................................................1 1.2 General Information about the Study Area ..............................................................................2 1.2.1 Location and Accessibility ................................................................................................2 1.2.2 Physiography and Drainage Patteren ................................................................................4 1.2.3 Climatic Condition and Vegetation Coverage ..................................................................5 1.2.4 Population and Settlement ................................................................................................6 1.3 Statement of the Problem, Expected Outcome and Research Relevance ................................7 1.4 Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................................8 1.4.1 General Objective .............................................................................................................8 1.4.2 Specific Objectives ...........................................................................................................8 CHAPTER TWO ...........................................................................................................................9 2. LITRATURE REVIEW AND REGIONAL GEOLOGY ...........................................................9 2.1 Litrature Review ......................................................................................................................9 2.1.1 Coalification ......................................................................................................................9 2.1.2 Coal Petrography ............................................................................................................10 2.1.2.1 Macerals Group ........................................................................................................11 2.1.3 Geochemical Variability, Classification and Utilization of Coal ...................................12
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seasonal Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in Coal Mining Areas of Balochistan
    sustainability Article Seasonal Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in Coal Mining Areas of Balochistan Ayesha Ayub and Sheikh Saeed Ahmad * Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +923215167726 Received: 11 July 2020; Accepted: 18 August 2020; Published: 25 August 2020 Abstract: Balochistan is a semi-arid region. The assessment of water quality is very important, as the majority of people depend on groundwater for drinking purposes. The present study involves the quality assessment and mapping of drinking water in the five selected major coal mining sites in the four districts of Balochistan. A total of 50 samples were collected from these five coal mining sites in two seasons: i.e., summer and winter. A physicochemical analysis was carried out for groundwater - - 2+ samples: i.e., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), CO3, HCO3 , Cl , Ca , Mg2+, Na+,K+, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni, and Zn. Thematic maps were used to depict the spatial distribution of significant variables and were compared with WHO standards (2011) during both seasons. The majority of parameters crossed the safe permissible limit of WHO standards. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated for the whole monitoring data obtained from both seasons from the perspective of drinking water in each of the selected sites. Moreover, a principle component analysis (PCA) and correlation matrix was carried out for the data analysis in order to identify the source of pollution and correlation among the variables. The results suggested that the overall quality of water from the selected coal mining sites deteriorated due to the overexploitation of coal mines and mining activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Evaluation of Performance of a Bench Scale Gasifier for Sub-Bituminous Coal Stellamaris Nduku Nzove Master of Sc
    DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF A BENCH SCALE GASIFIER FOR SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL STELLAMARIS NDUKU NZOVE MASTER OF SCIENCE (Mechanical Engineering) JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021 Development and Evaluation of Performance of a Bench Scale Gasifier for Sub-Bituminous Coal Stellamaris Nduku Nzove A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 2021 DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. Signature: ........................................ Date .............................................. Stellamaris Nduku Nzove This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as the Univer- sity Supervisors: Signature: ...................................... Date ............................................. Dr. Eng. Hiram M. Ndiritu (Phd.) JKUAT, Kenya Signature: ......................................... Date ........................................... Dr. Benson Gathitu (Phd.) JKUAT, Kenya ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my loving family. A special feeling of gratitude to my dear husband Victor, our children Adrian and Talia. They have been a great source of inspiration throughout my entire research period. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to sincerely appreciate a number of individuals for their vital roles in the realization of this thesis. First and foremost is the Almighty God, the giver and sustainer of life, for giving me the opportunity to do this research. Special appreciation is due to Dr. Eng. Hiram Ndiritu and Dr. Benson Gath- itu, my two very able and highly knowledgeable project supervisors for guiding and supporting me throughout this research. My sincere gratitude also goes to Bernard Owiti, Obadiah Maswai and John Ng'ethe, for their positive criticism which helped to keep me going.
    [Show full text]
  • CSA), Session Law 2002-4 (Aka Senate Bill 1078), Was Passed and Signed Into Law in June 2002
    CO2 Emission Reduction Options For Coal-fired Electrical Utility Boilers and Other Stationary Sources September 1, 2004 Second Interim Report Pursuant to Clean Smokestacks Act Source: CCSP/Meehl North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Air Quality The Requirement: Excerpted from the Act [Title: An Act to Improve Air Quality in the State by Imposing Limits on the Emission of Certain Pollutants from Certain Facilities that Burn Coal to Generate Electricity and to Provide for Recovery by Electric Utilities of the Costs of Achieving Compliance with Those Limits] SECTION 13. The Division of Air Quality of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources shall study issues related to the development and implementation of standards and plans to implement programs to control emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from coal-fired generating units and other stationary sources of air pollution. The Division shall evaluate available control technologies and shall estimate the benefits and costs of alternative strategies to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). The Division shall annually report its interim findings and recommendations to the Environmental Management Commission and the Environmental Review Commission beginning 1 September 2003. The Division shall report its final findings and recommendations to the Environmental Management Commission and the Environmental Review Commission no later than 1 September 2005. The costs of implementing any air quality standards and plans to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from coal-fired generating units below the standards in effect on the date this act becomes effective, except to the extent that the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) is reduced as a result of the reductions in the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) required to achieve the emissions limitations set out in G.S.
    [Show full text]
  • CARBONIZATION STUDY of NON COKING COALS and CHARACTERISATION of THEIR PROPERTIES for APPLICATION in SPONGE IRON MAKING a Thesis Submitted By
    CARBONIZATION STUDY OF NON COKING COALS AND CHARACTERISATION OF THEIR PROPERTIES FOR APPLICATION IN SPONGE IRON MAKING A Thesis Submitted by RAKESH KUMAR A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS For the award of master of technology In Steel technology Roll No.-212MM2339 M. Tech. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela – 769008 i CARBONIZATION STUDY OF NON COKING COALS AND CHARACTERISATION OF THEIR PROPERTIES FOR APPLICATION IN SPONGE IRON MAKING A Thesis Submitted by RAKESH KUMAR A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS For the award of master of technology In Mechanical Engineering {Steel technology} Roll No.-212MM2339 M. Tech. Under Supervision of Prof. Dr. M. Kumar Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela – 769008 ii Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela CERTIFICATE The research titled “carbonization study of non-coking coals and characterization of their properties for application in sponge iron making”, submitted by Rakesh Kumar for the award of degree of Master of Technology in steel technology, has been carried out under my supervision at the department of Metallurgy and material science of National Institute of Technology, Rourkela. The work is comprehensive, complete and fit for evaluation. Prof. M. Kumar Metallurgical & Materials Engineering National Institute of technology Rourkela – 769008 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to wish my heartiest gratitude for inspirable and valuable guidance to prof. M. Kumar, Department of metallurgy and material engineering NIT Rourkela for the study of project work. With his valuable suggestion and supervision, I would able to present my project work.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Fundamental Difference Between Coal Rank and Coal Type
    International Journal of Coal Geology 118 (2013) 58–87 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Coal Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijcoalgeo Review article On the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type Jennifer M.K. O'Keefe a,⁎, Achim Bechtel b,KimonChristanisc, Shifeng Dai d, William A. DiMichele e, Cortland F. Eble f,JoanS.Esterleg, Maria Mastalerz h,AnneL.Raymondi, Bruno V. Valentim j,NicolaJ.Wagnerk, Colin R. Ward l, James C. Hower m a Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY 40351, USA b Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montan Universität, Leoben, Austria c Department of Geology, University of Patras, 265.04 Rio-Patras, Greece d State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China e Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA f Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA g School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia h Indiana Geological Survey, Indiana University, 611 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405-2208, USA i Department of Geology and Geophysics, College Station, TX 77843, USA j Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Geology Centre of the University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal k School Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, 2050, WITS, South Africa l School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia m University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA article info abstract Article history: This article addresses the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type.
    [Show full text]
  • Uk Coal Resources and New Exploitation Technologies
    CAN NEW TECHNOLOGIES BE USED TO EXPLOIT THE COAL RESOURCES IN THE YORKSHIRE-NOTTINGHAMSHIRE COALFIELD? S Holloway1, N S Jones1, D P Creedy2 and K Garner2 1British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG 2Wardell Armstrong, Lancaster Building High Street, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire SP1 1PQ ABSTRACT Coal mining in the Yorkshire-Nottinghamshire Coalfield has been one of the region's most important industries over the last 150 years. The number of working mines peaked at over 400 in the late 19th and early part of the 20th Century. However, many have closed over the last few years and now there are only 10 large working mines still open. Three of these, Ricall/Whitemoor, Stillingfleet and Wistow, in the Selby complex, are due to close in April 2004. Although there are significant untouched coal resources east of the current deep mines, the prospects for opening new mines in the Yorkshire-Nottinghamshire coalfield appear very poor. Consequently, there has been a revival of interest in the potential for releasing some of the energy value of the remaining coal resources via alternative technologies such as coalbed methane production and underground coal gasification. Methane is already being drained from the few remaining deep mines and, in some cases, utilised as fuel for boilers or for electricity generation. The production of methane from abandoned mines is also taking place, but recent low electricity and gas prices have adversely affected its economics. There has not been any exploratory drilling for coalbed methane in the Yorkshire-Nottinghamshire coalfield, perhaps because the average seam methane content is somewhat lower than in some of the major coalfields on the west side of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal Sludge and Their Mixtures As Prospective Energy Resources
    POLITYKA ENERGETYCZNA – ENERGY POLICY JOURNAL 2018 Volume 21 Issue 3 137–150 DOI: 10.24425/124499 Beata KLOJZY-KARCZMARCZYK1, Janusz MAZUREK1, Marek WIENCEK2 Coal sludge and their mixtures as prospective energy resources ABSTRACT: The new legislative provisions, regulating the solid fuel trade in Poland, and the resolutions of provincial assemblies assume, inter alia, a ban on the household use of lignite fuels and solid fuels produced with its use; this also applies to coal sludge, coal flotation concentrates, and mixtures produced with their use. These changes will force the producers of these materials to find new ways and methods of their development, including their modification (mixing with other products or waste) in order to increase their attractiveness for the commercial power industry. The presented paper focuses on the analysis of coal sludge, classified as waste (codes 01 04 12 and 01 04 81) or as a by-product in the production of coals of different types. A preliminary analysis aimed at presenting changes in quality parameters and based on the mixtures of hard coal sludge (PG SILE- SIA) with coal dusts from lignite (pulverized lignite) (LEAG) has been carried out. The analysis of quality parameters of the discussed mixtures included the determination of the calorific value, ash content, volatile matter content, moisture content, heavy metal content (Cd, Tl, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and W), and sulfur content. The preliminary analysis has shown that mixing coal sludge with coal dust from lignite and their granulation allows a product with the desired qu- ality and physical parameters to be obtained, which is attractive to the commercial power industry.
    [Show full text]
  • April 17, 2019 Andrew Wheeler, Administrator U.S. Environmental
    April 17, 2019 Andrew Wheeler, Administrator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 Attention: Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2018–0794 Re: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units—Reconsideration of Supplemental Finding and Residual Risk and Technology Review Dear Administrator Wheeler: The Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) offer the following comments on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Proposed Rule “National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units—Reconsideration of Supplemental Finding and Residual Risk and Technology Review” [84 Fed. Reg. 2670-2704 (February 7, 2019)] (hereinafter the “Reconsideration Proposal”). NESCAUM is the regional association of air pollution control agencies representing Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Overview The EPA’s Reconsideration Proposal to find that it is not “appropriate and necessary” to regulate hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions from coal- and oil-fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units (EGUs) is seriously flawed because it does not provide a full and fair accounting of the benefits associated with implementation of the original Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) rule. It also grossly overstates the rule’s actual costs, which are now of historical record. In the Reconsideration Proposal, EPA has employed a cost-benefit methodology that is incapable of fully considering the benefits of controlling HAPs from coal- and oil-fired EGUs. In applying this methodology, EPA implicitly and without foundation assigns a value of zero to difficult-to- monetize benefits from reductions in air toxics.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the South African Coal Value Chain
    SOUTH AFRICAN COAL ROADMAP OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAL VALUE CHAIN PREPARED AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAL ROADMAP OCTOBER 2011 Overview of the South African Coal Value Chain | I Disclaimer: The statements and views of the South African Coal Roadmap are a consensus view of the participants in the development of the roadmap and do not necessarily represent the views of the participating members in their individual capacity. An extensive as reasonably possible range of information was used in compiling the roadmap; all judgments and views expressed in the roadmap are based upon the information available at the time and remain subject to further review. The South African Coal Roadmap does not guarantee the correctness, reliability or completeness of any information, judgments or views included in the roadmap. All forecasts made in this document have been referenced where possible and the use and interpretation of these forecasts and any information, judgments or views contained in the roadmap is entirely the risk of the user. The participants in the compiling of this roadmap will not accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any information contained in the roadmap or any statements, judgments or views expressed as part of the South African Coal Roadmap. SYNTHESIS enables a wide range of stakeholders to discuss the future of the industry. The fact that at this stage in the process Phase The South African Coal Roadmap (SACRM) process I does not provide any clarity on the outlook for the South African coal industry is o"set by the constructive process The need for a Coal Roadmap for South Africa was identi!ed which has been initiated, which augurs well for the successful in 2007 by key role players in the industry, under the auspices development of a South African Coal Roadmap in Phase II.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochemistry, Petrology, and Palynology of the Princess No. 3 Coal, Greenup County, Kentucky
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Publications Center for Applied Energy Research 12-2020 Geochemistry, Petrology, and Palynology of the Princess No. 3 Coal, Greenup County, Kentucky Madison M. Hood University of Kentucky, [email protected] Cortland F. Eble University of Kentucky, [email protected] James C. Hower University of Kentucky, [email protected] Shifeng Dai China University of Mining and Technology, China Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/caer_facpub Part of the Geology Commons, and the Mining Engineering Commons Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Repository Citation Hood, Madison M.; Eble, Cortland F.; Hower, James C.; and Dai, Shifeng, "Geochemistry, Petrology, and Palynology of the Princess No. 3 Coal, Greenup County, Kentucky" (2020). Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Publications. 34. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/caer_facpub/34 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Applied Energy Research at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geochemistry, Petrology, and Palynology of the Princess No. 3 Coal, Greenup County, Kentucky Digital Object Identifier (DOI) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00298-0 Notes/Citation Information Published in International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, v. 7, issue 4. © The Author(s) 2020 This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
    [Show full text]
  • CLASSIFICATION of COAL Numerous System of Coal Classification Has Been Proposed by Different Authors Since the Later Part of the 19Th Century
    CLASSIFICATION OF COAL Numerous system of coal classification has been proposed by different authors since the later part of the 19th century. Most of the classifications are based on the physical, chemical and technical properties of the coals. Physical Properties The physical properties of the coals classify them into two major categories: humic and sapropelic. Humic coals are banded and made up mainly of microscopic plant debris. They consist of 4 lithotypes, which are megascopically recognized bands in coal – Vitrain, Clarain, Durain and Fusain. Sapropelic coals are non-banded, composed mainly of microscopic plant debris, spores, pollens, algae and most commonly shows conchoidal fracture. Sapropelic coals are further divided into cannel coal, boghead coal and transition between the two- cannel-boghead coal and boghead-cannel coal. Cannel coals are rich in spores while boghead coal are rich in algae. When algae is more in comparison with spores the coal is termed as cannel-boghead coal, whereas when spores are more than algae it is termed as boghead-cannel coal. Cannel and boghead coals, heavily contaminated with clay minerals, and silica, are called cannel shale and boghead shale. These shales are darker in colour, brighter in lustre and have higher density than coals. Cannel coals, often found to contain siderite, are called cannel coal ironstones. The humic and sapropelic coals which are contaminated with clay minerals, mica and quartz are called carbonaceous shale. These black in colour, dull, hard and compact, these are heavier than coal. In most cases, which consist of carboargillite (20-60% by volume of clay minerals, mica and quartz), may contain carbosilicate and carbopyrite.
    [Show full text]
  • Chamalang Coal Resources and Their Depositional Environments, Balochistan, Pakistan
    Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences Volume 47, No. 1, 2014, pp. 61-72 Chamalang coal resources and their depositional environments, Balochistan, Pakistan M. Sadiq Malkani1 and M. Raza Shah2 1Geological Survey of Pakistan, Sariab Road, Quetta, Pakistan 2Geological Survey of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract A good quality high calorific value coal has been found in and around Chamalang - Bala Dhaka, Lunda, Surghari, Nosham and Bahlol areas in Loralai, Barkhan and Kohlu districts of Balochistan. These deposits are parts of the eastern continuation of the Duki coal field deposits of Chamalang (Ghazij) group in the Sulaiman (Middle Indus) Basin and are another good addition to the coal fields of Balochistan. The rocks exposed in the coal bearing area are sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Jurassic to Pleistocene along with Subrecent and Recent surficial deposits. The oldest rocks exposed in the area are Spingwar and Loralai formations of Jurassic age and the youngest rocks are Dada and Sakhi Sarwar formations of Sakhi Sarwar group of Pleistocene-Holocene age and Subrecent and Recent surficial deposits. The coal bearing Chamalang Group of Early Eocene age is divided in to five units i.e. Shaheed Ghat formation (lower Chamalang/Ghazij), Toi formation (middle Chamalang/Ghazij), and Kingri, Drug and Baska formations (Upper Chamalang/Ghazij). The lower contact of Chamalang Group is conformable with the Dungan Formation of Paleocene age, while its upper contact is also conformable with the Habib Rahi Limestone of Kahan Group of Early-Middle Eocene age. The Chamalang group is generally comprised of thick sequence of shale/claystone, interbedded sandstone, limestone, marl, gypsum, with beds of coal.
    [Show full text]