Dev. Matters Sep. 08
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Development December 2008 Matters Livelihoods Community in Action Livelihoods Demonstration of NREGA in Signature campaign to prohibit real Impact of Farm Pond Renovation selected village Panchayats 18 estate in tank ayacut lands 20 Project in Pudurnadu 22 Feature Housing the Urban Poor From the Editors’ Desk Development Matters Dear Readers! Vol. II Issue 12 December 2008 Thanks for your consistent support for the Development Matters by providing articles from various programmes. The December issue speaks about how JnNURM project could solve the housing problem of urban slums in Madurai. Our senior colleagues A. Gurunathan and N.Venkatesan have discussed about Multiple Water Conflicts and their Magnitude in Management of Irrigation Tanks in India. Janakiraman writes about DHAN model of demonstration of NREGA in selected village Panchayats. Jaganathan. K.P. gives a note on the signature campaign took place in Thiruvangau to prohibit real estate in tank ayacut lands. Satyanand shares the impact of farm pond in Pudurnadu, a tribal rainfed location of Vellore. N. Venkatesan shares about the Case of Pirandodi cascade and Vellinipatti village at Kottampatti block. We look forward to your continued support to make Development Matters a successful magazine in terms of content, reach and impact, for which your comments, critiques and contributions are very important for us. Slum dwellers lives are subject to Happy reading! threats because of insecurity of tenure and have become the victim of undesirable elements. Their vulnerability gets aggravated when disaster likes floods or epidemic diseases arise. The need for them is a place for legitimate stay without Contents hassles for their livelihood. 1. Housing the Urban Poor 1 2. Water Conflicts and their Management 10 3. Demonstration of NREGA in selected village Panchayats: DHAN’s model 18 4. Signature campaign to prohibit real estate in tank ayacut lands 20 5. Impact of Farm Pond Renovation Project in Pudurnadu 22 Centre for Development 6. Pirandodi cascade and Vellinipatti village at Communication Kottampatti block 24 DHAN Foundation 18, Pillaiyar Koil Street, S.S. Colony 7. Can we make a change? - Trying to build a Madurai - 625 016. Tamil Nadu, INDIA Knowledge Society 26 Tel.: +91-452-4353983, 2610794, 2610805 Email: [email protected] 8. Suham hospital 29 Website: http://www.dhan.org 1 Feature Housing the Urban Poor Madurai Urban Region 1. Background: Increasing more than 6.0 lakh members across and basic services on the other hand. urbanization in India has put India. It has promoted people The Basic Services for the Urban immense pressure on existing civic institutions through its thematic Poor (BSUP) seeks to provide a amenities, leading to the creation of programmes namely Kalanjiam garland of 7 entitlements/services – informal settlements and slums. Foundation, Vayalagam Foundation, security of tenure, affordable Slum dwellers live in inadequate Information technology, Rainfed housing, water, sanitation, health, conditions that are inimical to health, Farming and Panchayat education and social security – in low hygiene and education. India’s Programme. It has influenced income settlements in the 63 mission housing shortage is estimated to be national, state and regional policies cities. as high as 40 million units and of the country with its grassroots demand from the urban poor experiences and has created a niche The temple town of Madurai, situated on the bank of river Vaigai segment constitutes a large in the field of development sector and 500 km southwest of Chennai, proportion of this shortage. Other through its best practices. It has is the third largest city in Tamil Nadu studies indicate that more than 200 provided models to the sector and the district headquarters of million people are living in acutely because of work in rural, urban and Madurai District. The City poor housing conditions or on the tribal contexts. In the urban contexts, Development Plan (CDP) for streets. The housing and urban it is spearheading the microfinance Madurai Corporation has been poverty alleviation ministry’s data programme, civic initiatives in the approved by Govt of India, under shows that by 2012, the urban field of housing, health and education Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban housing requirement will be more through its collaboration with Renewal Mission (JnNURM). An than 25 million units, 97per cent for mainstream institutions. DHAN amount of Rs.4276 lakh has been the poor. Foundation with its experience in the sanctioned for slum up gradation Many rural households take urban context is the advisor in the and Rs.48,205 lakh for slum housing refuge in the existing slums or Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban improvement (under resettlement occupy low lying areas for their Renewal Mission for 63 mission programme) by the Ministry. livelihoods in their pursuit of cities across India. At present works are going on livelihoods in urban areas. Today, the 2. Status of BSUP in Madurai Mission at the slums listed in the phases I essential services provided by the City and II. Phase I has covered totally dwellers of urban slums have two zones, namely south and east. become the necessity for urbanities. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Phase II has covered totally four Slum dwellers lives are subject to Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) zones namely north, east, west and threats because of insecurity of supports 63 cities (7 mega cities, 28 south. The following inferences tenure and have become the victim metro cities and 28 capital cities and were drawn from the above table of undesirable elements. Their towns of historical religious namely: vulnerability gets aggravated when importance) across the country in disaster likes floods or epidemic terms of perspective plans called City a. Only 15 per cent of the diseases arise. The need for them is Development Plans (CDPs) for proposed houses are given a place for legitimate stay without specifying infrastructure gaps work order. hassles for their livelihood. relating to water, sanitation, b. Of the working orders given DHAN Foundation with its sewerage, drainage and roads on the 9per cent houses were thematic intervention has reached one hand and deficiencies in housing completed. * Madurai Urban Region, Kalanjiam Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. 2 Fig 1 : Status of ownership in III phase of BSUP f. 42 per cent of the households who have started construction S. No. of Particulars were granted loan at differential No. Households interest rates. 1 Total number of new houses proposed 22,766 The above analysis highlights the 2 Number of work order issued cases 3,522 need for coming out with innovative strategies to accelerate the pace of 3 Stages of cases of which work is issued implementation. The progress under a) Earth work 275 BSUP warrants to accelerate the b) Foundation 407 immediate action pace of implementation to achieve the mid c) Lintel level 267 term targets set by the state and d) roof laid 546 central government. e) Completed 342 3. Status of Urban Poor in Madurai: f) Work not yet to started 1,685 There are 208 slums in the Number of cases to which work order can not be 9,717 Madurai. These slums are classified 4 issued (%) (43%) into patta, pormabkku and objectionable areas by the a) Land of land record 2,436 corporation administration. Many of b) Odai Porambokku 117 the slums are in low lying area. Efforts by Tamilnadu Slum c) No valid document 5,576 Clearance Board and Corporation d) Financial reasons 1,639 administration through their e ) Others 49 programme have not addressed the urban poor problems of not having 5 Amount received so far (Rupees in lakhs) 5,959 legitimate tenure of stay. During the 6 Expenditure (Rupees in lakhs) 603 flood period in 2005 and 2006, dilapidated houses were worst 7 Number of cases loan tie up arranged through bank affected and their daily sustenance a) Total number of applications submitted 1,378 has become questionable. Urban poor livelihoods and their lives have b) Total number of cases loans sanctioned but not 783 become vulnerable due to disbursed exploitative credit rates and poor c) Total number of cases loan disbursed 581 quality of life had made their life d) Total number of cases rejected 14 more miserable. The socio economic survey carried out in 52 slums Source: Madurai Corporation as on 30.06.08 reveals the following status: c. Against the work order issued objectionable areas, due to lack High proportion of slum dwellers 47per cent of the households of proper document, rented 68 per cent are in rented house. have not started the work. households and lack of resources for own contribution. 29per cent of slum dwellers are in d. About 43 per cent of the e. 10 per cent is spent or shown their own houses. While merely 3 households proposed are in as expenditure. per cent are having lease ownership. 3 Table 2: Status of houses in Phase III after the construction of new house. Sl. No. Types of Houses No. of Households Percentage • The tenant is afraid of the rent increment after reconstruction. 1RCC House 5,453 26 • Houses which are RCC has a 2Tiled House 9,736 47 component of tiled / thatch in front of the house and they 3 Thatched House 4,188 20 demand to be treated as thatch 4Flat System 1,533 7 or tiled and strive to qualify as a beneficiary of the project. TOTAL 20,910 100 • Since there is no ceiling on the Source: Socio Economic Survey area to be constructed, there is a possibility of beneficiaries incurring more expenditure resulting in huge debts and at times land them in trouble for disposing their assets to settle their debts in a long run. • The households residing in Porambokku areas, objectionable areas either the rented or leased houses feel insecure about whether they will be allotted with a new Table 3: Status of Potential Non Objectionable Particulars Objectionable Total Slums Households in III phase of BSUP Slums • 59 per cent slum dwellers (both TILE 1,185 408 1,593 the house owners and tenants) PATTA THATCH 127 14 141 are not showing interest in new TOTAL 1312 422 1734 construction as well as TILE 492 472 964 resettlement.