DOCSLIB.ORG

Incorporation of Canavanine Into Protein of Vvalker Carcinosarcoma 256 Cells Cultured in Vitro

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Incorporation of Canavanine Into Protein of Vvalker Carcinosarcoma 256 Cells Cultured in Vitro Incorporation of Canavanine into Protein of VValker Carcinosarcoma 256 Cells Cultured in Vitro PAUL F. KRUSE, JR., PAT B. WHITE, HENRY A. CARTER, AND THOMAS A. McCoY (Biomedical Ds~ision, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc., Ardraore, Okla.) The inhibitory effect of canavanine on the exposure to the arginine-deficient medium for 4~) growth of Walker carcinosarcoma ~56 cells in minutes, sufficient L-canavanine .H2SO41 (~0.9 vitro was described in a previous report (9). Ap- mg. dissolved in Earle's balanced salt solution) parently, the inhibition rested in a competitive was added to produce a final concentration of 0.~0 interference of canavanine with the utilization of mM (10:1 ratio of canavanine to arginine). The arginine. inhibited cultures were incubated for ~4 hours and A number of recent reports have demonstrated allowed to stand at 4 ~ C. for ~ hours to free the that certain amino acid analogs--e.g., ethionine cells from the glass (1~); cell counts indicated a (6, 10, ~, ~6), p-fluorophenylalanine (2, 17, 9.~5), total of 104 X 106 cells. The contents of the flasks fl-~-thienylalanine (17), selenomethionine (4), 7- were combined and centrifuged in ~50-ml. bottles azatryptophan (18, 19), and tryptazan (3)--can for 6 minutes at 2750Xg. The cell buttons were be utilized in place of their respective metabolic transferred ~u a 15-ml. centrifuge tube and counterparts for protein synthesis. Accordingly, washed 3 times with 5-10-ml. portions of Earle's it was of interest to determine whether the tumor solution minus CaCl~. The cells were then ex- cells could utilize canavanine in this manner as a tracted successively with 80 per cent ethanol, substitute for arginine. If so, a contributing factor ethanol-ether (1:1), and cold 10 per cent tri- in the inhibition of growth could have been a sub- chloroacetic acid (TCA). The residue was sus- sequent malfunction of the resultant protein. pended in s ml. of 5 per cent TCA, heated for 15 Canavanine has not been shown to participate in minutes in an oil bath at 90 ~ C., allowed to cool, protein synthesis and has been reported (7) to and washed twice with water. It was next heated exist only in the free state in the Jack bean, its for 15 minutes in s ml. of 0.1 ~r NaOH in an oil principal source. bath at 60 ~ C., reprecipitated with 2 ml. of s per In the present investigation it was interesting, cent TCA, and washed with water. Next, the therefore, to find an appreciable incorporation of residue was washed with absolute ethanol, etha- canavanine in the tumor cell protein. nol-ether (1:~), ether, dried in vacuo for 7 hours (37.1 rag.), and hydrolyzed by being refluxed in MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.0 ml. of 6 N HC1 for 18 hours. The hydrolysate Tissue cultures.--Suspensions of freshly excised was taken to dryness twice in vacuo, and the Walker tumor cells were cultured in T-60 flasks. residue was dissolved in pH 3.1 citrate buffer (14) All operations were performed aseptically, solu- and clarified by centrifugation. Eighty per cent of tions were sterilized by passage through Selas the solution was chromatographed. filters, and growth was determined by cell counts. A "control" protein hydrolysate was obtained An initial inoculum of ~00,000 cells/ml was used, as follows: After 48 hours' incubation, cell counts and the cells were established in medium, 20 ml/ indicated a total of 157 X 106 cells in 16 T-60 flask culture, containing fourteen essential amino acids, cultures (minus canavanine). Two milliliters of a serine, glycine, vitamins, antibiotics, salts, glucose, solution of L-canavanine .H2SO4 in Earle's solu- and dialyzed human serum (11). tion, 1 mg/ml, were added to each culture. After Incorporation of canavanine.--After incubation standing at room temperature for 15 minutes, the at 87~ C. for $4 hours, the medium was withdrawn cells were separated from the medium and washed from nineteen T-60 flask cultures and replaced as described above. The cell button was suspended with an identical medium, except that the arginine in 1 ml. of the canavanine-Earle's solution, and content was reduced from 0.s to 0.0~ inM. After 1Purchased from California Foundation for Biochemical Received for publication August 28, 1958. Research. 12~ Downloaded from cancerres.aacrjournals.org on October 2, 2021. © 1959 American Association for Cancer Research. :KRUSE et al.--Canavanine Incorporation in Walker 256 Protein 1~3 6.7 ml. of 90 per cent ethanol was added. After The calculations were made from a standard thorough mixing, the cell residue was centrifuged curve of ninhydrin analysis of L-leucine;2 the color and treated with the series of extractions outlined yield of canavanine relative to leucine was found above. The amounts of extractants were increased to be 1.01. The quantities of histidine, canavanine, in proportion to the number of cells. The protein and arginine were corrected for the recoveries-- residue, 45.7 rag., was hydrolyzed by being re- 91.0, 82.5, and 98.8 per cent, respectively--which fluxed in 8.7 ml. of 6 N HC1 and treated as above. were obtained from chromatography of the "hy- Seventy per cent of the hydrolysate was chro- drolyzed" mixture of nineteen amino acids) matographed. The chromatographic conditions caused lysine Chromatography of canavine and protein hydroly- and ammonia to emerge together in the eluate, sates.--Ion exchange chromatography was per- permitting canavanine to emerge shortly there- formed as described by Moore and Stein (12, after as an isolated substance. Two coincident 13), with a 1.2 X 20-cm. column of 200-mesh 80-20 mixture of Dowex 50-x4,-x5. The column P.o was operated at room temperature, at a flow rate of 9-10 ml/hr, and 0.95 (control) and 0.91 1.5 i A (canavanine) ml. fractions were collected. Prior I.o to chromatography of the protein hydrolysates, a mixture of nineteen amino acids (including canavanine), which had been subjected to hydroly- >- sis conditions, was chromatographed. Location and o~-o.2t- quantities of amino acids in the effluent were determined by ninhydrin analysis (15); alternate t~ _j 0 ~L2:::2:2:~ fractions in the region of canavanine elution were <~.o also analyzed by the colorimetric procedure of ~_o Archibald (1). a. Z 0 1.5 0 RESULTS 3E In preliminary experiments with 1 : 1 and 2:1 1.0 4" w z exogenous canavanine-arginine ratios and 20-48 • z < r.~ 106 cells, the antimetabolite was not readily de- 0.5 tectable in the protein hydrolysates. It appeared likely, however, that interference with arginine i 0 --= incorporation had occurred, since the molar ar- I00 150 200 25O ginine/histidine ratio was always uniformly lower FRACTION NUMBER than that in protein from uninhibited cells. When CHART 1.--Chromatography of protein hydrolysates from the number of cells and the canavanine concen- Walker carcinosarcoma 256 cells cultured without (A) and tration were increased approximately two- and with (B) eanavanine. For culture and chromatographic condi- tenfold, respectively, and the cells were treated tions, see text. for a short time in arginine-deficient medium prior to introduction of the antimetabolite, canav- color peaks were obtained when alternate fractions anine was readily detectable in the protein hy- in the canavanine region of the eluate were ana- drolysate, as illustrated in Chart 1. Here the lyzed with ninhydrin (14) and alkaline nitroprus- histidine, canavanine, and arginine peaks were cal- side (1). None of the fractions in adjacent regions culated to represent 6.11, 1.60, and 13.42 gmoles, gave the nitroprusside test. respectively, in the total protein hydrolysate; in DISCUSSION the control hydrolysate (from Chart 1), the quan- tities of histidine and arginine were 7.82 and The most likely explanation of the above results 19.18 /zmoles in the total hydrolysate. Thus in is that canavanine participated in protein syn- the presence of canavanine the arginine/histidine thesis and became a part of the polypeptide chain. ratio was 2.20 in contrast to 2.45 for the con- The possibility that canavanine was merely ab- trol. However, the combined canavanine-arginine/ Purchased from H and M Chemical Co., AP grade. histidine ratio, 2.46, matched that of the con- s The assumption that these recoveries would be the same trol. The ratio of the amount of antimetabolite/ for amino acids released from peptide linkage during hy- drolysis may not be valid, but the figures do agree with the metabolite in the protein under these conditions report (8) that canavanine is more labile to acid hydrolysis was 0.12. conditions than is arginine. Downloaded from cancerres.aacrjournals.org on October 2, 2021. © 1959 American Association for Cancer Research. 1~4 Cancer Research Vol. 19, January, 1959 sorbed on the precipitated, amorphous protein nine permitted an approximate doubling of the pro- was virtually eliminated in the control experi- tein of a strain of E. coli, whereas canavanine ment. Additional evidence of incorporation was was incapable of substituting for arginine in that seen in the change in arginine content, as meas- respect. The degree of incorporation into protein ured by its relationship to histidine. In the pres- of the two analogs was not measured. Recently, ence of canavanine the ratio of these two amino Yoshida (26) found that one third of the methio- acids was always lowered. The combined arginine- nine in a-amylase produced during culture of B. canavanine content, however, was of the same 8ubtilis could be replaced with ethionine. Whether order of magnitude with respect to histidine as the different degrees of incorporation of analogs arginine alone in the protein of uninhibited cells.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NINDS Custom Collection II
    ACACETIN ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ACECLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ACEMETACIN ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAMINOSALOL ACETANILIDE ACETARSOL ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID ACETRIAZOIC ACID ACETYL TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER ACETYLCARNITINE ACETYLCHOLINE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE ACETYLGLUTAMIC ACID ACETYL-L-LEUCINE ACETYLPHENYLALANINE ACETYLSEROTONIN ACETYLTRYPTOPHAN ACEXAMIC ACID ACIVICIN ACLACINOMYCIN A1 ACONITINE ACRIFLAVINIUM HYDROCHLORIDE ACRISORCIN ACTINONIN ACYCLOVIR ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE ADENOSINE ADRENALINE BITARTRATE AESCULIN AJMALINE AKLAVINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALANYL-dl-LEUCINE ALANYL-dl-PHENYLALANINE ALAPROCLATE ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALLANTOIN ALLOPURINOL ALMOTRIPTAN ALOIN ALPRENOLOL ALTRETAMINE ALVERINE CITRATE AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AMCINONIDE AMIKACIN SULFATE AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-AMINOBENZAMIDE gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID AMINOCAPROIC ACID N- (2-AMINOETHYL)-4-CHLOROBENZAMIDE (RO-16-6491) AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOHIPPURIC ACID AMINOHYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOPHENAZONE 3-AMINOPROPANESULPHONIC ACID AMINOPYRIDINE 9-AMINO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOTHIAZOLE AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIPRILOSE AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AMODIAQUINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AMOXEPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPICILLIN SODIUM AMPROLIUM AMRINONE AMYGDALIN ANABASAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANABASINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANDROSTERONE SODIUM SULFATE ANIRACETAM ANISINDIONE ANISODAMINE ANISOMYCIN ANTAZOLINE PHOSPHATE ANTHRALIN ANTIMYCIN A (A1 shown) ANTIPYRINE APHYLLIC
    [Show full text]
  • NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed of Via Sanitary Sewer Or Solid Waste
    NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste (+)-A-TOCOPHEROL ACID SUCCINATE (+,-)-VERAPAMIL, HYDROCHLORIDE 1-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE 1-AMINO-1-CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID 1-BROMOOCTADECANE 1-CARBOXYNAPHTHALENE 1-DECENE 1-HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,5,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 1-NONENE 1-TETRADECENE 1-THIO-B-D-GLUCOSE 1-TRIDECENE 1-UNDECENE 2-ACETAMIDO-1-AZIDO-1,2-DIDEOXY-B-D-GLYCOPYRANOSE 2-ACETAMIDOACRYLIC ACID 2-AMINO-4-CHLOROBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINO-2-(HYDROXY METHYL)-1,3-PROPONEDIOL 2-AMINOBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINOIMIDAZOLE 2-AMINO-5-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID 2-AMINOPURINE 2-ANILINOETHANOL 2-BUTENE-1,4-DIOL 2-CHLOROBENZYLALCOHOL 2-DEOXYCYTIDINE 5-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE 2-DEOXY-D-RIBOSE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-HYDROETHYL ACETATE 2-HYDROXY-4-(METHYLTHIO)BUTYRIC ACID 2-METHYLFLUORENE 2-METHYL-2-THIOPSEUDOUREA SULFATE 2-MORPHOLINOETHANESULFONIC ACID 2-NAPHTHOIC ACID 2-OXYGLUTARIC ACID 2-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID 2-PYRIDINEALDOXIME METHIODIDE 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 1 PART D 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 2 PART A 2-THIOLHISTIDINE 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC ACID 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC HYDRAZIDE 3-ACETYLINDOLE 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZINE 3-AMINO-L-TYROSINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE 3-CARBETHOXY-2-PIPERIDONE 3-CHLOROCYCLOBUTANONE SOLUTION 3-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZOIC ACID 3-(DIETHYLAMINO)-7-[[P-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHENYL]AZO]-5-PHENAZINIUM CHLORIDE 3-HYDROXYTROSINE 1 9/26/2005 NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste 3-HYDROXYTYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-METHYL-1-PHENYL-2-PYRAZOLIN-5-ONE
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of L-Canavanine, an Inhibitor of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, on Myocardial Dysfunction During Septic Shock
    J Nippon Med Sch 2002; 69（1） 13 ―Original― Effect of L-canavanine, an Inhibitor of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, on Myocardial Dysfunction During Septic Shock Norihito Suzuki, Atsuhiro Sakamoto and Ryo Ogawa Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School Abstract Overproduction of nitric oxide（NO）by inducible NO synthase（iNOS）plays aroleinthe pathophysiology of septic shock. The depression of cardiac contractilityinsuchsituationsis mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β（IL-1β）, and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）. The effects of two NOS inhibitors with different isoform selectivity were compared in isolated working rat hearts. The depression of contractility by IL-1β and TNF-α was prevented by administration of a nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L- arginine methyl ester（L-NAME）or an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, L-canavanine. In contrast, when L-NAME was administered in the absence of IL-1β and TNF-α, it depressed contractility over the 2h perfusion period by significantly reducing coronary flow. These results support current thinking that the depression of myocardial functionbyIL-1β and TNF-α is mediated, at least in part, by an intracardiac increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase, and that in contrast to L-NAME, the decline in coronary conductance seen in cytokine-treated is not prevented by L-canavanine hearts. L-canavanine shows selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase unlike the vasopressor action of L-NAME in cytokine-treated hearts. （J Nippon Med Sch 2002; 69: 13―18） Key words: nitric oxide（NO）, nitric oxide（NO）synthase, working heart, L-canavanine, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester（L-NAME） We have previously demonstrated that admini- Introduction stration of L-canavanine or L-NAME attenuated the endotoxin-induced hypotension and vascular hypore- Nitric oxide（NO）may be produced within the activity to adrenaline, and the beneficial hemody- heart by either constitutive or inducible NO1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors As Antidepressants
    Pharmaceuticals 2010, 3, 273-299; doi:10.3390/ph3010273 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceuticals Review Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors as Antidepressants Gregers Wegener 1,* and Vallo Volke 2 1 Centre for Psychiatric Research, University of Aarhus, Skovagervej 2, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark 2 Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, EE-70111 Tartu, Estonia; E-Mail: [email protected] (V.V.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +4577893524; Fax: +4577893549. Received: 10 November 2009; in revised form: 7 January 2010 / Accepted: 19 January 2010 / Published: 20 January 2010 Abstract: Affective and anxiety disorders are widely distributed disorders with severe social and economic effects. Evidence is emphatic that effective treatment helps to restore function and quality of life. Due to the action of most modern antidepressant drugs, serotonergic mechanisms have traditionally been suggested to play major roles in the pathophysiology of mood and stress-related disorders. However, a few clinical and several pre-clinical studies, strongly suggest involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in these disorders. Moreover, several of the conventional neurotransmitters, including serotonin, glutamate and GABA, are intimately regulated by NO, and distinct classes of antidepressants have been found to modulate the hippocampal NO level in vivo. The NO system is therefore a potential target for antidepressant and anxiolytic drug action in acute therapy as well as in prophylaxis. This paper reviews the effect of drugs modulating NO synthesis in anxiety and depression. Keywords: nitric oxide; antidepressants; psychiatry; depression; anxiety 1. Introduction Recent data from Denmark and Europe [1,2], indicate that brain disorders account for 12% of all direct costs in the Danish health system and 9% of the total drug consumption was used for treatment of brain diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Maintenance of Renal Vascular Reactivity Contributes to Acute Renal Failure During Endotoxemic Shock
    Maintenance of Renal Vascular Reactivity Contributes to Acute Renal Failure during Endotoxemic Shock Jean-Jacques Boffa and William J. Arendshorst Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Septic shock is characterized by hypotension and decreased systemic vascular resistance and impaired vascular reactivity. Renal vasoconstriction markedly contrasts with sepsis-induced generalized systemic vasodilation, which is strongly depen- dent on nitric oxide. Whether maintained renal vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictors contributes to the decrease in renal blood flow (RBF) and GFR observed during LPS-induced sepsis was tested by assessment of the acute effects of pressor agents on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal hemodynamics in endotoxemic and control mice. LPS-injected mice displayed lower MAP, RBF, and GFR than controls (P < 0.001). Despite a lower MAP, basal renal vascular resistance (RVR) was higher during endotoxemia (P < 0.02). Angiotensin II infusion produced a weaker MAP response in septic mice (24 versus 37%; P < 0.005), suggesting impaired vasoconstriction and hyporeactivity. A similar MAP increase was observed between groups during G norepinephrine (NE) infusion. The MAP increase to nitric oxide synthase inhibition by N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester indicating a strong influence of nitric oxide in ,(0.01 ؍ L-NAME) was much greater in LPS-treated mice (41 versus 15%, P) sepsis. In contrast, the RBF and RVR responses to angiotensin II, NE, or L-NAME were similar in both groups. Moreover, vasopressin produced greater changes in MAP, RBF, and RVR in septic mice than in controls. Among the vasoconstrictor challenges, only NE ameliorated the decrease in GFR 14 h after LPS injection.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded 1018 Mrna Sequencing an Increasing Trend in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1(IDH1) and 301 Mrna Microarray Data from the CGGA Data- -Mutant Gliomas (Ohba Et Al
    Liu et al. Mol Med (2021) 27:52 https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-021-00316-0 Molecular Medicine RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Overexpressed XRCC2 as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in glioma patients Zhendong Liu1,3†, Wang Zhang2†, Xingbo Cheng2†, Hongbo Wang1, Lu Bian1, Jialin Wang1, Zhibin Han2, Yanbiao Wang1, Xiaoyu Lian1, Binfeng Liu1, Zhishuai Ren1, Bo Zhang1, Zhenfeng Jiang2, Zhiguo Lin2* and Yanzheng Gao1,3* Abstract Background: XRCC2, a homologous recombination-related gene, has been reported to be associated with a variety of cancers. However, its role in glioma has not been reported. This study aimed to fnd out the role of XRCC2 in glioma and reveal in which glioma-specifc biological processes is XRCC2 involved based on thousands of glioma samples, thereby, providing a new perspective in the treatment and prognostic evaluation of glioma. Methods: The expression characteristics of XRCC2 in thousands of glioma samples from CGGA and TCGA data- bases were comprehensively analyzed. Wilcox or Kruskal test was used to analyze the expression pattern of XRCC2 in gliomas with diferent clinical and molecular features. The efect of XRCC2 on the prognosis of glioma patients was explored by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the possible cellular mechanisms involved in XRCC2 in glioma. Connectivity map (CMap) was used to screen small molecule drugs target- ing XRCC2 and the expression levels of XRCC2 were verifed in glioma cells and tissues by RT-qPCR and immunohisto- chemical staining. Results: We found the overexpression of XRCC2 in glioma. Moreover, the overexpressed XRCC2 was associated with a variety of clinical features related to prognosis.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/0161543 A1 Yu Et Al
    US 2007 O161543A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/0161543 A1 Yu et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 12, 2007 (54) N-(PHOSPHONOALKYL)-AMINO ACIDS, (52) U.S. Cl. .............................. 514/7: 514/114: 530/331; DERVATIVES THEREOF AND 558/170 COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE (76) Inventors: Ruey J. Yu, Chalfont, PA (US); Eugene J. Van Scott, Abington, PA (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: AKN GUMPSTRAUSS HAUER & FELD The present invention relates to an N-(phosphonoalkyl)- 6. COMMERCE SQUARE amino acid, a related compound or a derivative thereof, the 2005 MARKET STREET, SUITE 2200 N-(phosphonoalkyl)-amino acid, related compound or PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 (US) derivative thereof being in a form as a free acid, salt, partial salt, lactone, amide or ester, or in Stereoisomeric or non (21) Appl. No.: 11/621,287 Stereoisomeric form, other than N-(phosphonomethyl)-gly (22) Filed: Jan. 9, 2007 cine or N.N-bis(phosphonomethyl)-glycine. Also included is a composition including an N-(phosphonoalkyl)-amino acid, Related U.S. Application Data a related compound or a derivative thereof in a form as a free (60) Provisional application No. 60/757,614, filed on Jan. acid, salt, partial salt, lactone, amide or ester, or in Stereoi 10, 2006. sy u. Is Someric or non-stereoisomeric form, and a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle for topical or systemic Publication Classification administration to a mammalian Subject, as well as a method of administering an effective amount of Such a composition (51) Int. Cl. A6 IK 38/05 (2006.01) for alleviating or improving a condition, disorder, symptom A6 IK 3/66 (2006.01) or syndrome associated with at least one of a nervous, C07K 5/10 (2006.01) vascular, musculoskeletal or cutaneous system.
    [Show full text]
  • Canavanine Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Roots
    plants Article Canavanine Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Roots Pawel Staszek 1,* , Urszula Krasuska 1, Magdalena Bederska-Błaszczyk 2 and Agnieszka Gniazdowska 1,* 1 Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; magdalena_bederska_bł[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (A.G.) Received: 2 November 2020; Accepted: 14 November 2020; Published: 17 November 2020 Abstract: Canavanine (CAN) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid, and its toxicity comes from its utilization instead of arginine in many cellular processes. As presented in previous experiments, supplementation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with CAN led to decreased nitric oxide (NO) level and induced secondary oxidative stress. CAN improved total antioxidant capacity in roots, with parallel inhibition of enzymatic antioxidants. The aim of this work was to determine how CAN-dependent limitation of NO emission and reactive oxygen species overproduction impact content, localization, and metabolism of phenolic compounds (PCs) in tomato roots. Tomato seedlings were fed with CAN (10 and 50 µM) for 24 or 72 h. Inhibition of root growth due to CAN supplementation correlated with increased concentration of total PCs; CAN (50 µM) led to the homogeneous accumulation of PCs all over the roots. CAN increased also flavonoids content in root tips. The activity of polyphenol oxidases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased only after prolonged treatment with 50 µM CAN, while expressions of genes encoding these enzymes were modified variously, irrespectively of CAN dosage and duration of the culture.
    [Show full text]
  • US5545625.Pdf
    ||||||||| US005545625A United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,545,625 Gross et al. (45. Date of Patent: Aug. 13, 1996 54). PREVENTING CONVERSION OF Schmidt, H. H. H. W., et al, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 154, CITRULLINE TO ARGINNOSUCCNATE TO 213–216 (1988). LIMIT PATHOLOGICAL NITRIC OXDE Sessa, W. C., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, OVERPRODUCTION 87.8607-8611 (Nov. 1990). Corbett, J. A., et al, Biochemistry 32, 13767-13770 (1993). 75 Inventors: Steven S. Gross, New York, N.Y.: Cross, A. H., et al., J. Clin. Invest. 93, 2684-2690 (1994). Owen W. Griffith, Milwaukee, Wis. McCartney-Francis, N., et al, J. Exp. Med. 178, 749–754 (1993). (73) Assignee: The Medical College of Wisconsin Misko, T. P., et al, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 233, 119-125 (1993). Research Foundation, Inc., Suarez-Pinzon, W. L., et al, Endocrinology, 134, 1006-1010 Milwaukee, Wis. (1994). Takada, S., et al., J. Biochem. 85, 1309-1314 (1979). 21 Appl. No.: 354,585 Freytag, S. O., Medline Abstract of J. Biol. Chem..., 259, 22 Filed: Dec. 12, 1994 3160-6 (1984). Grisolia, S., et al, The Urea Cycle, John Wiley & Sons, p. (51 Int. Cl." ......................... A61K 31/70; A61 K 31/195 191 (1976). 52 U.S. Cl. ............................ 514/33; 514/561; 514/564; Mitchell, J. A., et al, Eur, J. Pharmacol., 182, 573-576 514/930 (1990). 58 Field of Search .............................. 514/33, 561,564, Mulligan, M. S., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 514/930 6338-6342 (Jul 1991). Weinberg, J. B., et al., J. Exp. Med. 148, 651–660 (Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Hazardous Waste Management Guide
    Hazardous Waste Management Guide Touro University California The university community plays a vital role in the management of hazardous wastes on our campus. Proper waste management is dependent upon your day-to-day handling of these wastes in your lab or worksite. Please read the Guide carefully. Last Updated: May 11, 2010 1 CONTACT INFORMATION Campus Emergency/Fire/Police (from a campus phone) 9-911 Vallejo Fire Department (non-emergency) 707-638-4526 Vallejo Police Department (non-emergency) 707-638-4321 Ambulance 707-552-1193 Campus Security (from a campus phone) 8-5804 Campus Facilities (from a campus phone) 8-5800 Campus Facilities (pager- after business hour) 707-551-6034 Biosafety Officer (from a campus phone) 8-5239 2 TABLE OF CONTENT SECTIONS INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 4 HAZARDOUS WASTE........................................................................................... 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR CHEMICAL WASTE...................................................... 5 CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL WASTE....................................................... 7 GENERAL LABELING & PACKAGING …………………................................. 8 SPECIFIC LABELING & PACKAGING…………………................................... 9 DISPOSAL OF UNKNOWNS................................................................................. 15 BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE.................................................................................... 15 General Labeling, Packaging & Disposal
    [Show full text]
  • Thermochemistry of Amino Acids and Constrained Diamines
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2012 Thermochemistry of Amino Acids and Constrained Diamines Erica Jane Tullo College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons, Biochemistry Commons, and the Physical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Tullo, Erica Jane, "Thermochemistry of Amino Acids and Constrained Diamines" (2012). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623596. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-vp4j-1g27 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thermochemistry of Amino Acids and Constrained Diamines Erica Jane Tullo Oxford, Pennsylvania Master of Science, The College of William and Mary, 2006 Bachelor of Science, Washington College, 2000 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Applied Science The College of William and Mary January, 2012 APPROVAL PAGE This Dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Committee Chair Marga t Hamilton Professor John C. Poutsma, Chemistry The College of William and Mary Professor Mark K. Hinders, C~r. Applied Science The College of William and Mary 2JtlUJJ Z1C- Assistant Professor Hannes C. Schniepp, Applied Science The College of William and Mary a~ ~L/b/ Professor David E."k:ranbuehl, cfiemistry The College of William and Mary ABSTRACT PAGE The gas-phase proton affinities of several highly basic amino acids and diamines were determined using the extended kinetic method in an ESI-quadrupole ion trap instrument.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021.03.12.435067.Full.Pdf
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.12.435067; this version posted March 12, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 A Fragment-based approach to assess the ligandability of ArgB, ArgC, ArgD and ArgF in the 2 L-arginine biosynthetic pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 3 4 Pooja Gupta1, Sherine E. Thomas1, James Cory-Wright1, Víctor Sebastián-Pérez1,2, Ailidh Burgess1, 5 Emma Cattermole1, Clio Meghir1, Chris Abell3, Anthony G. Coyne3, William R. Jacobs Jr. 4 Tom L. 6 Blundell1, Sangeeta Tiwari5* and Vítor Mendes1#*. 7 8 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, 9 UK 10 2 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, 11 Spain. 12 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, 13 USA 14 3 Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 15 1EW, UK 16 4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, 17 USA. 18 5 Department of Biological Sciences & Border Biomedical Research Centre, University of Texas at El 19 Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA. 20 # Current affiliation: MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Molecular Immunity Unit, Francis Crick 21 Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. 22 23 * To whom correspondence should be addressed 24 Vitor Mendes: [email protected]; +44 1223267723 25 Sangeeta Tiwari: [email protected]; +1 9157476889 26 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.12.435067; this version posted March 12, 2021.
    [Show full text]