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The Analysis of Heathcliff Character in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte: a Sigmund Freud’S Theory

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The Analysis of Heathcliff Character in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte: a Sigmund Freud’S Theory THE ANALYSIS OF HEATHCLIFF CHARACTER IN WUTHERING HEIGHTS BY EMILY BRONTE: A SIGMUND FREUD’S THEORY Fabdriah. [email protected]. Student’s English depart at Putera Batam University Zakrimal. [email protected] Lecturer’s English depart at Putera Batan University Abstarct This thesis is to find out the id and ego of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, and qualitative methodology is applied in analysing the character of Heathcliff through Sigmund Freud approach. The writer collects the data through primary and secondary data and analyzing the data by using intrinsic and extrinsic approach, and in reporting, the writer applies a descriptive analysis. The result of this thesis found that Heathcliff is id personality which is rude, irrational, revenger, and disbelief in God. The last is this research is wished to be a useful, helpful and good reference to the literature students especially, and reading material to the readers generally to learn and obtain some good points behind the Wutherin Heights to leave us a better lives. Keywords: Id, Ego, Super Ego, Personality Introduction behavior, character which may be Literature is the art of written works observed through happiness, struggles, which is produced by researchers or sadness, failures or successfulness, and scholars in a given field as a vital record etcetera. Thus, it has a close relationship of where human feels, thinks, and with psychology. experiences of the activities and lives; in Psychology, a study which concerns religion, society, politic, culture, and about behavior of human is applied in education of ones, and the drama, novel, analyzing the personality of people. It poetry and prose are kinds of literature also could be applied in literary work which has a deep relationship with such as novel. It analyzed about the human’s life where it can be clearly seen personality of the characters involve in from all literatures which reflects the novel. In this research, the writer situation or condition of human’s life. analyzes the id, ego, superego Every literature has moral, psychology aspect of Heathcliff in psychological, or social backgrounds Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte which identifies the authors of literature, through Sigmund Freud’s theory. The and through them, gives the readers purpose of this research is to analyze some values to learn in life. Currently, Heathcliff character. When analyzing people who enjoy reading novels are Heathcliff, the very first time she meets increasing day by day. They choose him in the beginning of chapter one in various genres they like such as the novel is through Mr. Lockwood, romance, thriller, detective to enjoy the where the character is established in the pleasures from them. Analyzing a novel very first sentence of the novel. His is the task of literary as it is a reflection tenant has just returned from a visit, and of human life and relationship with their he describes him as a “solitary feeling and mind, appearance, attitude, neighbour that I shall be troubled with” 29 and hints about him being a novel, Wuthering Heights by Emily misanthropist. This is all fairly vague in Bronte as the primary datum in her comparison to the much stronger research. The secondary data in statement: “A capital fellow!” and the supporting the research, the writer also fact that the tenant’s heart warmed collects the data through library research towards him, leaving us with the and browsing internet by reading the impression of a strong, but just man books and article which has relationship although we sense that there are some to her topic research. In analyzing the hidden menace lurking in the data, the writer has several procedures background. such as intrinsic and extrinsic approach. 1.1. Statement of the Problems The Intrinsic approach in this research is The writer finds out several the elements of fiction such as character, problems while reading the story and setting, style and tone, point of view, they are interesting to be revealed such theme, plot. The extrinsic approach in as: 1). What personality is shown by this research is Sigmund Freud’s theory. Heathcliff, 2). What way does the It is Id, Ego, and superego personality. setting reflect the action and the In reporting, the writer uses descriptive personality of the character. 3). Why analysis to reveal Heathcliff character Heathcliff abandons Heights, 3). What is because the data are in the form of the Id in Heathcliff character, 4). What words, statement or paragraph. is the Ego in Heathcliff character and 5). What is the Superego in Heathcliff I. Review of Previous Research character. There are many interesting In completing this research, the points to be discussed in the novel writer finds out a previous research Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte as written by Shumei Gao entitled “Id Ego stated above, but the writer intends to Seperego Ana Analysis of Emily limit her research in revealing about: Bronte’s Wuthering Heights of The What is the Id in Heathcliff character? Angle Psychology” where the writer is and What is the Ego in Heathcliff helped to understand the Heathcliff character? character through her research. She 1.2. Significance of The Research focused on the analysis Heathcliff, The writer analyses and finds out Chaterine, and Edgar Linton as the the aim of her research through Id, Ego, symbol of Id, Ego, Superego. Superego Psychology by Sigmund In Gao’s research, the writer Freud, and this research is hoped to be a finds that Heathcliff is symbolized useful and helpful reference for those or as the id, students especially English literature “Heathclif does what he wants from who are analyzing Heathcliff from luring Isabella Linton to marry him to Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte. taking Wuthering Heights and Thrush 1.3. Methodology of the Research cross Grange as his own and succeeding The writer collects data in analyzing in his revenge eventually. When he this research is by quoting Heathcliff’s takes revenges, he ignores every moral utterances from the novel Wuthering factors and law and ethics where it is a Heights by Emily Bronte. Primary data realm of unconscious part of self is the main data that is used when perpetuated by libido.” conducting research. The writer reads a 30 She also adds that id is the rotten more than forty years Freud researched fruit of repression or suppression, from the consciousness and unconsciousness which Heathcliff suffers, and at the end using free association method, and she concludes that Heathcliff has unreal developed what is generally viewed as image which illustrates the bowling of personality comprehensively human nature. Controlled by human (Supratiknya 1993:60). unconsciousness that is hardly perceived b. The Structure of Personality psychological phenomenon but has great Humans are organisms directed role to influence Heathcliff mind and towards the goals of survival and behavior. reproduction. In fulfilling these goals, This previous research is really they are guided by their needs revealed helpful for the writer as one of in the experiences of ‘hunger, thirst, the supporting reference in completing her avoidance of pain and sex.’ According research. Theoretical background to Freud there are three structures in discusses any theory which has personality; id, ego, and superego. Each relationship to the writer’s topic of them has function, trait, component, research. The writer applies id, ego, system, dynamism, and its own superego psychology aspect in revealing mechanism, but they interact tightly Heathcliff’s character. each other, so it is impossible to mark a. Definition of Personality their effect off and give value the To understand such kind of human relative contribution to the behave of motives in the way the act, think, and so humans. Behavior is almost a product of is clearly be seen through his interaction between the three systems personality. So what is personality then? (Supratiknya 1993:64). How do we respond when people say, 1. Id “Improve your personality!”. A term The definition of id as the writer ‘personality’ indicates a more general got from http://encyclopedia2. kind of skill in representing ourselves to thefreedictionary.com/id (21 October others. Personality is person’s character 2011) is the source of instinctual (Oxford2000:307). In the way we think, impulses such as sex and aggression as act, and do in our daily activity or well as primitive needs that exist at responds a think, it could be done birth. It is entirely non-rational and consciously or unconsciously. Character functions according to the pleasure-pain is a set of behavior traits that define principle, seeking immediate fulfillment what sort of person an individual is. It of its impulses whenever possible. Its determines whether a person will working processes are completely effectively achieve goals, be forthright unconscious in the adult, but it supplies in dealing with others and will obey the the energy for conscious mental life, and laws and rules of the group. Although it plays an especially important role in character is related to personality, it is modes of expression that have a non- not the same thing. Personality is rational element, such as the making of primarily inborn traits, while character art. The simple about id as the writer got consists of learned behavior. Character from http:// relates to attitudes and values where it khielybernadetta.blogspot. can vary or change with situations and com/2011/12/your-id-ego- experience. (Ron, 2010). To answer it, superego.html (3 December 2011) are 31 related to man’s animalistic instinctive got from http:// khielybernadetta. and attitude, does not understand of blogspot.com/2011/12/your-id-ego- rationality or human rights, and seeks superego.html (3 December 2011) are pleasure in pain and roughness of life. manifests the qualities of sophistication, 2.
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