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Treaty Academicians, 163–4, 196, 244N34 P Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84913-5 - Russia Since 1980: Wrestling with Westernization Steven Rosefielde and Stefan Hedlund Index More information Index Abalkin, Leonid, 67 apparatchik, 275 Abalkin reform program, 75 arenda (leasing), 38–9, 47, 189, 275–6 ABM. See Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Argentina, 110 Treaty Aristotle, 188n2 academicians, 163–4, 196, 244n34 arms control, 221–2 Putin and, 225–6 arms race, 59n7, 223. See also cold war; Academy of Sciences, 196 nuclear weapons adjusted factor costing, 275 structural militarization in, 63–4 administrative command planning, 275 arms reduction. See also treaties adverse selection agent, 275 production v., 52–3 Aganbegyan, Abel, 49 for Russia/America, 61, 223 agriculture, 257–8 Arrow, Kenneth, 16 aid, 125–6 Aslund, Aslund, 184n44 guarantees for, 126n33 asset grabbing, 40, 70–1, 134, 192, 194, USAID for, 250 276. See also equitable asset air pollution, 159 redistribution; military asset alcohol, 45, 157, 160 reallocation Alexander II, 13n11 asset stripping, 99, 125, 276 Allan, Duncan, 115n15 ASUP, 276 Allison, Graham, 125, 125n31 autarky, 217, 276 Amalrik, Andrei, 41 authoritarian consolidation, 139–53 America. See Russia/U.S.; United authoritarian laissez-faire, 276 States authoritarian martial police state. See American public culture. See western also Muscovite authoritarian public culture martial police state amnesty, 209 democratic free enterprise v., 259 for capital flight, 124n29 Putin for, 140, 150, 195 Amnesty International, 209 Soviet Russia as, 20 anarcho-populism, xxi authoritarian social modernization, 194 Andropov, Yuri, 32, 271n1 authoritarianism, 1, 102–5, 276 as leader, 42 inefficiency v., 185 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, 219 rule of law v., 4, 202–3 antiparisite laws, 275 straightjacket, 296 329 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84913-5 - Russia Since 1980: Wrestling with Westernization Steven Rosefielde and Stefan Hedlund Index More information 330 Index autocracy, 184, 276 Bolshevik coup d’etat, 277 Muscovite model as, 11 Bolshevik Party, 277 nobility against, 143n14 for proletarian democracy, 20 servitors for, 4 Bolshevik Revolution, 67, 277 systems building for, 104–5 Bolsheviks, 194 virtuous, 194–6 Gorbachev v., 47 autocrat(s). See also Gorbachev, Mikhail Bolshevism, xxi. See also market Sergeyevich; Putin, Vladimir Bolshevism; New Economic Policy rent-granting by, 12, 12n9 criticism of, xxii–xxiii rule of law v., 13 cynicism for, 20 Yeltsin as, 96, 102–5, 170–3 industrial growth and, 78 automatic system of planning and for justice, 5 management, 26 Muscovite model v., 21–2 brain drain, 164, 165, 243n31, 249 Balassa-Samuelson effect, 235n8 braking mechanism (mekhanism balloting, democracy v., 15–16 tormozheniya), 45–6 Baltic states, 215–17, 227 Brazil, 161n21 EU for, 224 Brezhnev, Leonid Gorbachev and, 70–1 constitution of, 202n13, 203n17 independence for, 71 inflation with, 111 power over, 223–4 Buchanan, James, 125 Yeltsinfor,71 bureaucracy, public, 240, 240n24, 241–2 banking reforms, 46–7, 112 Bush, George, 93 banks. See also specific banks speculation from, 48 capital deepening, 277, 285 barter, 123, 150 capital flight, 123–4, 124n28, 135, productivity and, 122 151–2 barterization, 122, 134, 135 amnesty for, 124n29 Becker, Abraham, 223 United Nations on, 123n27 benefits in-kind, money v., 130n41, capitalism, 213, 277. See also crony 150. See also pomestie capitalism; democracy; economics; Bentham, Jeremy, 6n18 westernization Berezovsky, Boris, 103, 140 catastroika (catastrophic reform), 49, 51, Bergson, Abram, 16 134, 277 on defense spending, 80–2 communism v., 53 on growth estimates, 83, 85 hyperdepression as, 55, 73 Bergson-Arrow-Samuelson welfare premature deaths from, 73, 109, 131 standard, 276 Catherine the Great, 4, 12, 13n11 Beslan terrorist attacks, 174 CBR. See Central Bank of Russia Bettleheim, Charles, 52 censorship, 206 Birman, Igor, 111 of media, 175–6 birthrates, 131, 132t, 165, 253 of statistics, 156–7 Blackwill, Robert, 125n31 Central Bank of Russia (CBR), 124n28, Blank, Stephen, 163–4 238–9, 239n18 blat, 39, 276 Central Committee Plenum, 35 Blockian project, 14n13 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Bolshevic socialism on consumption, 83t Lenin for, 16–17 on defense spending, 81–2 privateers v., 54–5 on Finland, 60n12 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84913-5 - Russia Since 1980: Wrestling with Westernization Steven Rosefielde and Stefan Hedlund Index More information Index 331 on growth estimates, 85, 89 cold peace, 142, 213, 227 per capita income from, 128–9 cold war, 211, 213, 226, 278. See also Putin v., 10 arms control wishful thinking of, 62, 63, 76, 91 Gorbachev and, 52 centralization, 277 living standards during, 18 de-, 280 of Putin, 142, 273 of power, 225n31 second wave of, 219, 222–3 CFE. See Conventional Armed Forces collectivism (sobornost), 189–90 in Europe Treaty collectivization, 278 Chechen, 174n9, 213, 214 population deficit from, 131 Chernenko, Konstantin, 23, 32 serfdom from, 257 Chernobyl, 158 color revolutions, 178, 181, 215n15 Chernyshevsky, Nikolai Gavrilovich, colored markets, 32 30n39 The Coming Soviet Crash (Shelton), Chief Administration of the 111 Introduction of Computer Command Communism, 32, 278 Technology to the National command economy, 278 Economy of the USSR, 25n24 by Peter the Great, 14n13 children, 174n9 commanding heights, 278 organizations for, 178, 186 Committee on State Security (KGB), China, 152, 161n21, 197, 214, 222, 224 205 democracy in, 197n11 FSB in, 100 exchange rate for, 261n2, 267n18 in media, 182n37 FDI for, 266–7 privateers and, 48 governance in, 264 Putin for, 137, 139, 152 Langean market socialism for, 262–3, Yeltsin for, 103 264 Commonwealth of Independent States per capita income in, 262n4, 263t (CIS), 214, 227. See also Baltic reforms in, 261n2 states Russia v., 261–70 communalism, xxii, 278–89 for technology transfer, 266–8 proletopia for, 189–90 Chrenomyrdin, Viktor, 48 communism, 279. See also Command Chto delat? (What is to be done?), Communism; Gorbachev, Mikhail xxii–xxiii, 30 Sergeyevich; Market Communism; Chubais, Anatoly, 134, 170 Marxism; Putin, Vladimir; Reform CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency Communism; Soviet communism; CIS. See Commonwealth of Yeltsin, Boris Independent States catastroika v., 53 citizen spying, 182n38 as Muscovy, 213 citizens. See also employment; health Shatalin plan against, 70 care; ownership; workers shock therapy v., 108 rights of, 197–202, 203–8 Communist Party, 279. See also Polish civil service, 240n22, 240n24 Communist Party class war, 20–1, 84, 278 Gorbachev and, 45n16 classes, 189. See also liquidation gray markets for, 29 Cleland, David, 139 westernization by, 1 Clinton, Bill, 94 competition. See also intellectual CMEA. See Council for Mutual property rights Economic Assistance in China, 264 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84913-5 - Russia Since 1980: Wrestling with Westernization Steven Rosefielde and Stefan Hedlund Index More information 332 Index competition (cont.) in Russia/China, 264 Herfindahl-Hirschman indexes on, state’s toleration of, 125–6, 151 246 of statistics, 84–5 Muscovy v., 148 whistleblowers for, 242 sustainable growth v., 231–2, 251 Council for Mutual Economic computopia, 279 Assistance (CMEA), 212 computopic (sci-fi), 27–8 Council of Economic Ministers, 280 Concept, for federal reform, 241–2 coup d’etat, 2, 53, 172–3, 181n36 Congress of People’s Deputies, 36 criminalization elections v., 66 of entrepreneurship, 22, 23–4, 64, 80, Yeltsin for, 67–8 280 constitution, 210 of private property, 280 of Brezhnev, 202n13, 203n17 crisis management, 108–35 current, 203–8 crony capitalism, 280. See also privateers Muscovy v., 206–8 Cuba, 212 Nicholas II and, 13n11 Cultural Revolution, 264 Putin v., 180–1, 205–6 culture, 280. See also western public of Stalin, 197n12, 198–202, 203 culture women and, 199, 201 cybernetics, 280 from Yeltsin, 171, 203–6 consumer choice, 256, 279 Dead Souls (Gogol), 264 consumer goods, 111 deaths, by causes, 253t. See also consumer prices, 113t mortality rate; premature deaths consumer sovereignty, 15, 15n16, 279 decentralization, 280 consumer utility standard, 279 decontrol. See Yeltsin, Boris consumption defense. See also military; Strategic CIA on, 83t Defense Initiative of energy resources, 246 corruption in, 126–7 control. See also arms control industry output for, 127t Market Communism v., 38–9 Yeltsin on, 126–8 petroleum for, 182n40 defense burden, 223 for Putin, 140–1, 152 Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 59, Conventional Armed Forces in Europe 223 Treaty (CFE), 221 defense spending, 212 convergence, 21n9, 279–80 CIA on, 81–2 cooperatives, 276, 280 estimates of, 80–3 Gorbachev for, 47 in GNP, 81t correlation of forces, 211n2, 228, 280 liberals against, 99 Gorbachev and, 62, 64 Putin for, 141, 182n40 against USSR, 30 dekulakization, 280–1 corruption, 135, 186. See also capital democide, 131 flight; exploitation; NKVD; democracy, 169–87, 225, 281. See also privateers; prostitution; secret Novgorod model; oligarchs; siloviki police; Shleifer, Andrei balloting v., 15–16 in defense, 126–7 change towards, 192–4 judicial, 183n41, 208 in China, 197n11 managers and, 125 economic growth v., 261 in military industrial complex, 99 of Lenin, 169 rule of law v., 124–5 managed, 178–9, 287 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84913-5 - Russia Since 1980: Wrestling with Westernization Steven Rosefielde
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