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Archives of Russia Five Years After: 'Purveyors of Sensations' Or RESEARCH PAPERS Archives of Russia Five Years After: ‘Purveyors of Sensations’ or ‘Shadows Cast to the Past’? Patricia Kennedy Grimsted Cruquiusweg 31 1019 AT Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel. + 31 20 6685866 Fax + 31 20 6654181 IISH Research Papers 1. Tony Saich, Frank Pieke, The Chinese People's Movement Spring 1989: Some Initial Impressions. Amsterdam, 1989 2. Ursula Langkau-Alex, "Der Kampf für die Demokratie und den Frieden". Die Debatte in der Sozialistische Arbeiter- Internationale 1938/1939. Amsterdam, 1991. Zweite, um Literatur erweiterte Auflage 1992. 3. Jan Lucassen, Dutch Long Distance Migration. A Concise History 1600-1900. Amsterdam, 1991 4. Jan Lucassen (red.), Symposium Racisme en Arbeidsmarkt: IISG september 1991. Amsterdam 1992. 5. C.H. Wiedijk (in samenwerking met L.J. Altena, J.M. Peet, G.J. Schutte en H.E.S. Woldring, Kalendarium "Honderd jaar sociaal 1891–1991". Amsterdam, 1992. 6. Marcel van der Linden en Jan Willem Stutje, De Nederlandse vakbeweging, haar basis en de staat. Een lange- termijnperspectief. Amsterdam, 1992. 7. Tjebbe van Tijen, Je bevrijden van de drukpers. Jongeren en hun eigen pers in Nederland: 1945-1990. Met een bibliografisch aanhangsel over de tijdschriften van Provo, Kabouter, de culturele underground- en kraakbeweging, vrije stadskranten en punkfanzines. Amsterdam 1993. 8. Emile Schwidder, Selected Bibliography on "Labour and the Law in Historical Perspective". Amsterdam 1993. 9. Jan Gielkens, Books and articles on German labour law. Selected Bibliography. Amsterdam 1993. 10. Larry Peterson, The Free Labor Unions and Arbeiter-Unionen in Rhineland-Westphalia, 1920-1924: Statistical Sources. Amsterdam, 1993. 11. Gijs Kessler, Vakbonden in verandering. Een verkennende studie naar de vakbondsontwikkeling in Rusland na 1985. Amsterdam 1994. 12. Ursula Langkau-Alex, Asiel en ballingschap in Nederland. Amsterdam 1994. 13. Marcel van der Linden. Social Democracy and the Agrarian Issue, 1870-1914: Notes for discussion. Amsterdam 1994. 14. Reinier Deinum, ‘Verenigd door Vaart’. Gids van de bronnen betreffende watertransport en havenbedrijven in het IISG en NEHA. Amsterdam 1994. 15. Jacques van Gerwen and Jan Lucassen, Mutual Societies in the Netherlands from the Sixteenth Century to the Present. Amsterdam 1995. 16. Sander Vis, Survey of the Archival Sources Concerning Migration and Settlement Held at the IISH. Amsterdam 1995. 17. Gijs Kessler, Trade Unions in Transition. Moscow 1994, a case study. Amsterdam 1995. 18. Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, Displaced Archives on the Eastern Front: Restitution Problems from World War II and its Aftermath. Amsterdam 1995. 19. Kees Mandemakers, Negen classificaties voor 19e en 20e eeuwse beroepstitels. Amsterdam 1995. 20. Marcel van der Linden, Marx and Engels, Dutch Marxism and the “Model Capitalist Nation of the Seventeenth Century”. Amsterdam 1995. 21. Adam Conroy, Christiania: the Evolution of a Commune. Amsterdam 1996. 22. Flemming Mikkelsen, Working-class formation in Europe: In search of a synthesis. Amsterdam 1996 23. Gijs Kessler, The “schools of communism” under neo-liberal reform. Russia’s traditional trade union movement in the transition to a free market. Amsterdam, 1996. 24. Alfons Fransen, Verzekering tegen Seerovers en Godts weer. Een onderzoek naar de geschiedenis van de zeevarende beurzen, circa 1635-1815. Amsterdam 1996. 25. Port Reports prepared for the Conference Comparative International History of Dock Labour, c. 1790-1970, Amsterdam, 13–15 November 1997. 3 vols. Amsterdam, 1997. 26. Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, Archives of Russia Five Years After: ‘Purveyors of Sensations’ or ‘Shadows Cast to the Past’? Amsterdam, 1997. ISSN 0927-4618 © Copyright 1997, Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis and the author All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. IISG-Research Papers is a prepublication series inaugurated in 1989 by the International Institute of Social History (IISG) to highlight and promote socio-historical research and scholarship. Through distribution of these works the IISG hopes to encourage international discussion and exchange. This vehicle of publicizing works in progress or in a prepublication stage is open to all labour and social historians. In this context, research by scholars from outside the IISG can also be disseminated as a Research Paper. Those interested should write to Marcel van der Linden, IISG, Cruquiusweg 31, 1019 AT, The Netherlands. Telephone 31-20-6685866, Telefax 31-20-6654181, e-mail [email protected]. Archives of Russia Five Years After ‘Purveyors of Sensations’ or ‘Shadows Cast to the Past’? Patricia Kennedy Grimsted International Institute of Social History Amsterdam 1997 4 The following study is based on the experience involved in preparation and the data gathered for the collaborative reference volume, ARKHIVY ROSSII: MOSKVA–SANKT-PETERBURG: Spravochnik-obozrenie i biblio- graficheskii ukazatel'. Compiled by Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, Lada Vladimirovna Repulo, and Irina Vladimirovna Tunkina. Edited by Mikhail Dmitri'vich Afanas'ev, Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, Vladimir Petrovich Kozlov, and Vladimir Semenovich Sobolev. Sponsored by the State Archival Service of Russia (Rosarkhiv), the State Public Historical Library (GPIB), the Historico-Archival Institute at the Russian State University for the Humanities (IAI RGGU), and the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PFA RAN). (Moscow: “Arkheograficheskii tsentr”, 1997) – Tel.: (7-095) 245-83-55; Fax: (7-095) 245-30-98; E-mail: [email protected]. Moscow publication presentation date—11 April 1997. Available abroad through “Mezhdunarodnaia kniga”. – Distributed in the USA by Kamkin and Panorama. – Distributed in Europe by Kuban & Sagnor. Parallel English-language version: ARCHIVES OF RUSSIA: A Directory and Bibliographic Guide of Repositories in MOSCOW and St. PETERSBURG. English-language edition edited by Patricia Kennedy Grimsted; with a preface by the Russian Editor-in- Chief, Vladimir Petrovich Kozlov (Armonk, NY, and London: M.E. Sharpe Publishers, forthcoming, fall 1997)—Fax: (1-914) 273-2106, Tel.: (800) 541-6563, and E-Mail: [email protected]. Those publications represent output from the Russian archival directory database known as ArcheoBiblioBase, currently maintained under the jurisdication of Rosarkhiv in collaboration with the American editor, Patricia Kennedy Grimsted and the Russian programmer, Yuri A. Liamin. ArcheoBiblioBase On Line: Appendix 2 of the present study “Federal Archives under Rosarkhiv and Major Federal Agency Archives”, is now available electronically on the Internet at the IISH website (http://www.iisg.nl/~abb), and is relayed by several other servers. A somewhat variant Russian version is available from the OpenWeb server in Moscow, at the State Public Historical Library (GPIB) – http://www.openweb.ru/koi8/rusarch – or – http://www.openweb.ru/windows/rusarch. The Russian version requires a Cyrillic font for Windows or the KOI8 font (also available in a Macintosh version), which are downloadable from several Internet sites. Updates of basic data about the repositories, including changes in working hours and newly published guides, will be added regularly when available. Plans call for expansion of coverage to include other archives and libraries, information about recently declassified fonds, and other data, as staff and funding permit. (See more details below in the Bibliographic Note and Ch. 12.) Table of Contents Preface and Acknowledgments .............................................. 7 Technical Note ....................................................... 10 1. “Why Is Stalin’s Archive Still Locked Away?” ..................... 11 2. Archival Legal Reform ..................................... 19 3. The Archival Fond of the Russian Federation ...................... 26 4. Overall Archival Organization and Agency Control ................... 31 Federal Archives under Rosarkhiv ........................................ 33 Federal Agency Archives and Archival Control ................................ 34 5. The Role of Rosarkhiv ..................................... 43 6. Economic Problems and Preservation: “Closed for Remont” and Unpaid Vacation ...................................... 48 7. Archival Destruction and Retention Policies ....................... 55 8. “Trophy” Archives and Non-Restitution .......................... 60 Plunder, Counter-Plunder, and “Compensation” ............................... 61 The “Special Archive” Without a Guide ..................................... 65 Soviet versus Russian Restitution Politics .................................... 68 French and Belgian Archives ............................................ 70 The Law for Nationalization ............................................ 71 Overriding the Presidential Veto – Yeltsin’s Last Stand ........................... 76 The Liechtenstein “Exchange” ........................................... 79 Views from New York and Amsterdam ..................................... 81 The View from Moscow – Retrieval of Archival Rossica Abroad ..................... 86 9. Socio-Legal Inquiries ...................................... 89 10. Fees for Archival Services .................................. 93 11. “Commercialization”, Collaborative Projects, and Protecting the “National Legacy” 98 Archives as “Paper Gold” .............................................
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