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Parnassius Apollo Vinningensis) Und Anderer Insekten Im Moseltal Zwischen Koblenz Und Trier (Deutschland)

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Parnassius Apollo Vinningensis) Und Anderer Insekten Im Moseltal Zwischen Koblenz Und Trier (Deutschland) Lunarzyklische Populationsdynamik des Mosel-Apollo (Parnassius apollo vinningensis) und anderer Insekten im Moseltal zwischen Koblenz und Trier (Deutschland) Selenocyclical Population Dynamics of the Moselle Apollo (Parnassius apollo vinningensis) and Other Insects in the Moselle Valley Between Koblenz and Trier (Germany) DETLEF MADER Supplement 21 Nürnberg 2011 galathea, Supplement, 21 - Berichte des Kreises Nürnberger Entomologen - 2011 - 1 – 283 Lunarzyklische Populationsdynamik des Mosel-Apollo ( Parnassius apollo vinningensis ) und anderer Insekten im Moseltal zwischen Koblenz und Trier (Deutschland) Selenocyclical Population Dynamics of the Moselle Apollo ( Parnassius apollo vinningensis ) and Other Insects in the Moselle Valley Between Koblenz and Trier (Germany) DETLEF M ADER 1 Autor und Band-Herausgeber: Dr. Detlef Mader, Hebelstraße 12, D-69190 Walldorf, [email protected] Reihen-Herausgeber: Dr. Klaus von der Dunk, Ringstraße 62, D-91334 Hemhofen, [email protected] Abbildungs-Autoren (in alphabetischer Reihenfolge): Hermann Eberhard (Gevenich): Abb. 25 Hans-Joachim Klein (Idstein): Abb. 2, 4, 26, 31 – 32 Lothar Lenz (Dohr): Abb. 1, 3, 5 – 15, 17 – 24 Dr. Robert Lücke (Wuppertal): Abb. 27 – 28 Elisabeth und Wolfgang Postler (Kamen): Abb. 16 Herbert Stern (Thür): Abb. 29 – 30 Veröffentlicht in: Galathea, Berichte des Kreises Nürnberger Entomologen, Supplement, 21 (2011); Nürnberg ISSN 1430-1164 Veröffentlicht von und Reihen-Copyright: Kreis Nürnberger Entomologen e.V. (gegründet 1977), c/o Dr. Klaus von der Dunk, Ringstraße 62, D-91334 Hemhofen, www.galathea-nuernberg.de Band-Copyright: Dr. Detlef Mader, Hebelstraße 12, D-69190 Walldorf, [email protected] Wahrnehmungs-Vertrag 811791, VG Wort, Goethestraße 49, D-80336 München Alle Teile dieser Veröffentlichung sind durch Copyright geschützt. Jede Verwendung außer- halb der strengen Bestimmungen des Urheberrechts-Gesetzes ohne schriftliche Erlaubnis des Autors, des Herausgebers oder des Verlegers ist verboten und strafbar. Dies betrifft be- sonders Nachdruck, Vervielfältigung, Übersetzung, Mikroverfilmung, und Hochladen, Speicherung, Verarbeitung und Herunterladen in elektronischen Systemen des Zugangs, der Verbreitung und der Entnahme von Daten (unter anderen Datenbanken und Internet-Websei- ten). Vom Autor oder vom Herausgeber zur Verfügung gestellte elektronische Fassungen dieser Veröffentlichung dürfen, sofern keine andere schriftliche Weisung oder Genehmigung erfolgt ist, nur zum persönlichen Gebrauch des Empfängers verwendet werden. Die Schrift- form ist auch bei Verwendung von elektronischer Post (e-Mail) gewahrt. All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilization outside of the strict limits of the copyright law, without the written permission of the author, the editor or the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reprint, repro- duction, translation, microfilming, and upload, storage, processing and download in electro- nical systems of access, distribution and retrieval of data (among others data banks and internet websites). Electronical versions of this publication which have been supplied by the author or the editor may only be used personally by the receiver unless other order or per- mission has been given in writing. The written form is also fulfilled in case of utilization of electronical mail (e-mail). 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Zusammenfassung ….............................................................................................................. 7 Abstract ….............................................................................................................................. 8 Key Words …........................................................................................................................ 10 1 Biogeographie und Naturschutz des Apollofalters …................................................... 10 1.1 Bedeutung des Mosel-Apollo in der Insektenfauna im zentralen Mitteleuropa …........ 12 1.2 Stellung des Mosel-Apollo als herausragendes Exkursionsziel …................................. 13 1.3 Vorkommen des Mosel-Apollo an exzellenten Weinlagen …........................................ 14 1.4 Regionalrassen und endemische Verbreitung des Apollofalters …................................ 14 1.5 Rezession des Apollofalters in Deutschland und Europa …........................................... 16 1.6 Verbreitung des Mosel-Apollo im Moseltal …............................................................... 17 1.7 Nomenklatur und Synonyme des Mosel-Apollo …........................................................ 19 1.8 Frühere Vorkommen des Mosel-Apollo in Eifel und Hunsrück und ihre Besiedlung durch limitierte Wanderung aus dem Moseltal entlang von Seitentälern …................... 19 1.9 Schwaben-Apollo, Franken-Apollo und andere noch existierende Regionalrassen des Apollofalters …............................................................................................................... 21 1.10 Schwarzwald-Apollo, Hegau-Apollo, Saale-Apollo und andere bereits ausgestorbe- ne Regionalrassen des Apollofalters …........................................................................ 22 1.11 Roter und Schwarzer Apollo mit roten und schwarzen Flecken ….............................. 23 1.12 Naturschutz des Apollofalters und des Segelfalters ab 1935 …................................... 25 1.13 Naturschutz des Apollofalters bis 1935 ….................................................................... 26 1.14 Versuche der Wiederansiedlung des Apollofalters an bereits ausgestorbenen Vor- kommen ….................................................................................................................... 28 1.15 Repräsentanz des Apollofalters …................................................................................ 28 1.16 Voltinismus des Apollofalters und des Segelfalters ….............................................,... 29 1.17 Apollofalter und Segelfalter in der Philatelie …........................................................... 30 2 Lunarzyklische Populationsdynamik von Insekten und Pilzen ….............................. 31 2.1 Einfluß von Vollmond und Neumond auf Schwärmphasen von Insekten und Schub- phasen von Pilzen …....................................................................................................... 31 2.2 Der Hirschkäfer als Schlüssel zur selenozyklischen Populationsdynamik der Insek- ten …............................................................................................................................... 33 2.3 Mondbezogene Interpretation und Prognose von Schwärmphasen von Insekten und Schubphasen von Pilzen …............................................................................................. 35 2.4 Abfolge von fünf Schönwetterperioden in Frühling und Sommer 2010 ….................... 36 2.5 Länge des Tages von Sonnenaufgang bis Sonnenuntergang …...................................... 38 3 Mosel-Apollo (Parnassius apollo vinningensis ) …......................................................... 39 3.1 Lebensraum des Mosel-Apollo in der Weinbaulandschaft des Moseltales …................ 40 3.2 Einfluß von Weinbau und Flurbereinigung auf die Populationen des Mosel-Apollo .... 41 3.3 Sensibilisierung der Öffentlichkeit durch Apolloweg und Apollowein …..................... 44 3.4 Einfluß des Straßen- und Schienenverkehrs auf die Populationen des Mosel-Apollo ... 45 3.5 Entwicklungszyklus des Mosel-Apollo …...................................................................... 48 3.6 Überschlagsrechnung des Fortpflanzungserfolgs mit Risikoabschlägen …................... 53 3 3.7 Futterpflanzen der Raupen des Mosel-Apollo …........................................................... 54 3.8 Nektarpflanzen der Imagines des Mosel-Apollo …........................................................ 56 3.9 Populationsdynamik des Mosel-Apollo in 2010 …........................................................ 57 3.10 Populationsstärke des Mosel-Apollo in 2010 ….......................................................... 58 3.11 Suchstrategie und Konkurrenzkampf der Männchen des Mosel-Apollo …................. 58 3.12 Die zeitlich besten Beobachtungsmöglichkeiten des Mosel-Apollo in 2010 und 2011 ….......................................................................................................................... 59 3.13 Gestaffeltes Erscheinen innerhalb der relativ langen Flugzeit …................................. 61 3.14 Bedeutung von Eisheiligen, Schafskälte, Julikälte und Augustkälte für die Popula- tionsdynamik des Mosel-Apollo und anderer Insekten …............................................ 64 3.15 Heliophilie des Mosel-Apollo ….................................................................................. 65 3.16 Ethologische Temperaturregulation der Imagines und Larven des Mosel-Apollo durch Sonnen …............................................................................................................ 67 3.17 Populationsstärke des Mosel-Apollo in 2010 im Vergleich zu früheren Jahren …...... 68 3.18 Die räumlich besten Beobachtungsmöglichkeiten des Mosel-Apollo …..................... 71 3.19 Programmvorschlag für eine eintägige Beobachtungstour des Mosel-Apollo …........ 72 3.20 Aktuelle Flugplätze des Mosel-Apollo im Moseltal …................................................ 73 3.21 Frühere Flugplätze des Mosel-Apollo im Moseltal …................................................. 75 3.22
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