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Light at Night Send any corrections, additions to: Light at Night - Environmental Impacts Robert Wagner - [email protected] Many of these papers were cited in the following summary report: Book: Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting Editors: Catherine Rich, Travis Longcore Publisher: Island Press, 2006 ISBN: 1-55963-129-5 http://www.urbanwildlands.org/ecanlbook.html Authors Able K.P. Year 1982 Able KP Report Name The effects of overcast skies on the orientation of free-flying nocturnal migrations, in Avian navigation (Papi and Wallraff eds.) Publication in: Avian navigation: International Symposium on Avian Navigation (ISAN) (Papi and Wallraff eds.) Issue-page numbers Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Heidelberg , 40-49 URL http://books.google.com/books?ei=TuOWTrbrMfSNsALCzoXkBA&ct=result&id=tXAXAQAAIAAJ&dq=Avian+navigation+1982+wallraff&q=Avian+navigation+1982+wallraff+%22o Abstract N/A Keywords Thursday, September 13, 2012 http://www.trianglealumni.org/mcrol/LAN-Environmental-References.pdf Page 1 of 229 Authors Adamany, S.L.; Salmon, M.; Witherington, B.E. Year 1997 Adamany SL, Salmon M, Witherington, BE Report Name Behavior of sea turtles at an urban beach. III. Costs and benefits of nest caging as a management strategy Publication Fla. Sci. Issue-page numbers 60(4): 239-253 URL http://research.myfwc.com/publications/publication_info.asp?id=23814 Abstract At a sea turtle nesting beach in Boca Raton, Florida, all nests are covered with a wire cage to protect the eggs from beach traffic and predators. The front panel of the cage (facing the ocean) is of larger mesh that allows hatchlings to escape. In this study we determined if cages impede hatchling migration. No effect was apparent at dark beach sites but at illuminated beach areas, hatchlings crawled toward lights behind the beach rather than toward the ocean, and were trapped within the cage. Trapped turtles eventually escaped, either later that evening (as lighting was reduced toward midnight) or at dawn (as natural levels of background illumination increased). However at night, enough lighting remained to attract turtles after they left the cage. At dawn, escaped hatchlings crawled to the sea but were probably vulnerable to visual predators. We conclude that at urban sites exposed to luminaires, cage use compromises hatchling survival. Thus at urban rookeries, caging is only effective if coupled with efforts to eliminate beach-front lighting. Keywords Authors D G Ainley, R Podolsky, L DeForest, G Spencer Year 1997 Ainley DG, Podolsky R, DeForest L, Spencer G Report Name New insights into the status of the Hawaiian Petrel on Kauai Publication Colonial Waterbirds Issue-page numbers Volume: 20, Issue: 1, Pages: 24-30 URL http://www.mendeley.com/research/new-insights-status-hawaiian-petrel-kauai/ Abstract We present new information, on the basis of observations and an analysis of existing but unpublished data, regarding the present status of the Hawaiian Petrel on Kauai. A consistently used rafting area just offshore of Hanalei, on the north shore of Kauai, is described for the first time. Observations made there in June and July 1993 and 1994, indicate that the population frequenting breeding colonies, on the order of >1000 birds per night during the peak of the visitation cycle, is much larger than previously thought. In contrast, few sigh tings of this species were made elsewhere around the island. Corroborating these observations were records collected by state and federal biologists on fledglings attracted to lights during their initial flight, 1980-1993, indicating a virtual confinement of the population to the north shore. Data presented also indicate that the nesting season on Kauai may be a few weeks later than on Maui, the only locale where extensive research has been conducted on this species. On Kauai, increasing numbers of Hawaiian Petrel fledglings are being found each year. We propose that this is a result of the increasing numbers of coastal lights, and not an increase in the petrel's population. The increasing numbers found have implications for conservation of this species' population on Kauai. Keywords Thursday, September 13, 2012 http://www.trianglealumni.org/mcrol/LAN-Environmental-References.pdf Page 2 of 229 Authors Albarran, M.T., Dolsa A.G. Year 1998 Albarran MT, Dolsa AG Report Name La problemática de la Contaminación lumínica en la conservación de la Biodiversidad (in catalan) Publication I Sessiò de traball sobre la Contaminaciò luminica Issue-page numbers Dept. del Medi Ambient, Generalitat de Catalunya, 29 July 1998. URL http://www.um.es/eubacteria/Biodiversidad.pdf Abstract The night world, night life, is specially adapted to darkness. about bodies are hidden in it to avoid detection by predators and these latter the advantage for predators can not see their attacks. Many animals have evolved complex systems to adapt to night. others organisms have adapted their lives to take advantage of as many animals and plants that have the highest activity, often only at this time, from the moment the sun sets over the horizon. Many species have evolved exclusively in a world of shadows, overspecialized of animals and plants in the dark for millions of years. the dark was the main factor of its habitat. Now, within a few years this habitat disappears. In many places there is no night. Nocturnal animals do not find their space and reduce their densities. Some species of small area populations to become extinct. Keywords Authors O.T. Albert, A. B Salberg, M. Zaferman, G.P. Tarsova Year 2003 Albert OT, Salberg AB, Zaferman M, Tarsova GP Report Name Effects of artificial light on trawl catch and behavior of Greenland halibut in front of trawls Publication In: Deep Sea 2003: conference on the governance and management of deep-sea fisheries, Volume 2 Issue-page numbers P 142 URL http://books.google.com/books?id=izASW0ydfVAC&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=Artificial+light+influences+on+Halibut+Fishes&source=bl&ots=6uFTROFZXn&sig=_evxADhKUx Abstract Development of methods for visual surveying in deepwater often rely on the use of constant artificial light. Conclusions relating to vulnerability and other aspects of fish behavior if front of trawls during normal fishing operations may be biased due to the fish reacting in response to the light…. Keywords Thursday, September 13, 2012 http://www.trianglealumni.org/mcrol/LAN-Environmental-References.pdf Page 3 of 229 Authors Peter Aldhous Year 2010 Aldhous P Report Name Time to reclaim the night for wildlife Publication The New Scientist Issue-page numbers Volume 207, Issue 2769, 17 July 2010, Pages 8-9 URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0262407910617071 Abstract It is rapidly becoming clear that clear that light pollution subtly interferes with the growth, behaviour and survival of many nocturnal species – not just those that hit the headlines Keywords Authors A. B. Allema, W. A. H. Rossing, W. van der Werf, B. G. Heusinkveld, T. Bukovinszky, E. Steingröver, Year 2012 Allema AB, Rossing WAH, van der Werf W, et al. Report Name Effect of light quality on movement of Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Publication Journal of Applied Entomology Issue-page numbers Early View (Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue) URL http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2012.01728.x/abstract;jsessionid=04518666AFBD9557D8AD6732558F6135.d04t04?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Librar Abstract Behaviour of nocturnal insects is routinely observed under red light, but it is unclear how the behaviour under red light compares to behaviour in complete darkness, or under a source of white light. Here, we measure movement behaviour of the nocturnal carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius Illiger (Coleoptera: Carabidae) using camera recording under a near-infrared (nir), red or white radiation source. Red light significantly reduced movement speed in females similar to the effect of white light and different from nir. Also movement activity and pause length were affected by radiation source, with a significant difference between nir and white light, and with intermediate values in red light. The results presented here indicate that P. melanarius has different movement behaviour under the three radiation sources and suggest that nir rather than red radiation is most appropriate for measuring behaviour in total darkness. However, in the field total darkness is rare both because of natural light sources such as the moon and stars but increasingly also because of ecological light pollution, and therefore red light may still be of use for observing ecologically and practically relevant natural night-time behaviour. Keywords insects; Thursday, September 13, 2012 http://www.trianglealumni.org/mcrol/LAN-Environmental-References.pdf Page 4 of 229 Authors A L Alonso-Gómez, N De Pedro, B Gancedo, M Alonso-Bedate, A I Valenciano, M J Delgado Year 1994 Alonso-Gómez AL, De Pedro N, Gancedo B, et al. Report Name Ontogeny of ocular serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity daily rhythm in four anuran species Publication General and Comparative Endocrinology Issue-page numbers Volume: 94, Issue: 3, Pages: 357-365 URL http://www.mendeley.com/research/ontogeny-of-ocular-serotonin-nacetyltransferase-activity-daily-rhythm-in-four-anuran-species/ Abstract The profile of daily ocular serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) rhythm has been examined during the development of four anuran amphibians in different environments and of varying phylogenetic origins: Xenopus laevis, Discoglossus pictus, Rana perezi, and Bufo calamita. A significant day/night rhythm of ocular NAT with the acrophase at midnight was first detected at stages 43/44 and 25 in X. laevis and R. perezi, respectively. Total enzymatic activity increased with body weight throughout development, although both mean levels and amplitudes of NAT activity per milligram of protein significantly decreased; this attentuation of rhythm was more significant in postmetamorphic froglets, and the acrophase was delayed about 1 hr. There were no significant differences in daily NAT profiles before and after metamorphosis in D. pictus and B.
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