SOCIETY FOR CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGY l • WEWSLETTER VOLUME 5 NUMBER 3,4

AB 1788 TO SENATE

KNOX BILL TO SENATE FLOOR NEW LAW WILL PROTECT SITES ON NATIONAL REGISTER AB 1788, Assemblyman John Knox's California SB 78, signed into law on May 13 by Governor Reagan, Archaeological Survey Bill, cleared the State Assembly in amends Section 1241. 7 of the Code of Civil Procedure, late July by a bipartisan vote of 62-1. The bill had stating that 'appropriation for :;iuhlic use" of a variety of previously been given a "Do Pass" by the Assembly kinds of property including sites included in the National Committee on Planning and Land Use headed by Paul Register of Historic Places and state-registere'.i landmarks, Priolo {R-Santa Monica) and the Assembly Ways and "establishes a rebuttable presumption of its having been Means Committee headed by Willie Brown (D-San appropriated for the best and most necessary public use." Francisco.\ The bill has passeo through both the Senate This will make it slightly more difficult for such property Committee on Governmental Organization and the Senate to be appropriated for highway and public utility construct­ Finance Committee •. If it receives a 2/3 majority vote ion purposes. from the Senate, it will proceed to the Governor for The new law also adds Section 762. 5 and amends signature into law. Section 1001 of the Public utilities Code to require the The bill has steadily picked up support in recent Public Utilities Commission to consider "historical values" weeks, and now numbers among its backers the US among other things, in µiaking orders relating to locations Forest Service, the Irvine Corporation of Orange County, of structures and in granting certificates permitting and the Sierra Club. construction of railroads, telegraph and telephone lines, By the time you receive this New setter, the bill may and water systems. already have passed the Senate. NOW IS THE TIME to TOM KING • write Governor Reagan about this bill. SCA NOMINATIONS OPEN SB 215 SIGNED President Margaret Weide has requested Paul J. F. Schumacher to chair the Nominations and Elections Commit­ tee for the 197 2 Slate of SCA officers. Schumacher would very much appreciate receiving nominations from the entire INTO LAW membership for officers they believe \Vill fonn a hard-working Executive group and lead our Society towards an even strong­ SB 215, Senator John riarmer and Senator James Mills' er organization. Any nominations sent in should have the bill providing for a task force to draft a California State endorsement of the nominee and be sure that the nominee is archaeological program, has passed both the Senate and a full fledged "paid up" member of the Society. Assembly and has been signed into law. Also, a short biography and current address and SB 215 provides for a group of archaeologists, telephone numbers (office and residence) would be of a great Tndians and other interested parties that can assist in deal of assistance to the Nominations Committee. The slate the organization of the California Archaeological Survey, will include President, President-elect, Vice President of or, if AB 17 88 fails, draft new comprehensive state arch­ Northern California, Vice President of Southern California, aeological legislation. DARRELL JOHNS Treasurer, and Secretary. October, 1971 Please address all correspondence to Paul J. F. Schumacher, 200 Pinehill Road, Hillsborough, CA 94010. Nominations should be in his hands not later than November 2 2, 1971. Please send in your nominations early. PAUL F. SCHUMACHER • LETTERS

FEDERAL TO THE EDITOR: I would like to share with SCA members the chronology of a current piece of site-disturbance. LEGISLATION December, 1970: The National Park Service asked Archaeological Research, Inc., to. conduct a volunteer, • unpaid survey of a flood-control project proposed for Chino NEWS Canyon, north of Palm Springs in Riverside County. January 6, 1971: ARI completed the survey and submitted an eleven-page report to the NPS, reporting the presence of The Moss Bennett Bill's Senate version, S. 2893, has two sites within the area to be affected by the Corps of has passed the US Senate according to recent word from Engineers project, and requesting $1372. SO for a brief Dr. Charles McGimsey of the Arkansas Archaeological salvage investigation of both. Survey. The House version of this epoch-making salvage February 1, 1971: Paul Schumacher of the NPS informed and planning legislation has not yet been scheduled in ARI by letter that " ..• with our funding situation, it is committee. Letters urging early passage of the bill are unlikely that further archaeological work here can be needed for its success. See Vol. 3, No. 4 of the undertaken." NEWSLETTER for details on this important legislation. June 13, 1971: Chris Chaloupka, a student at UC H.R. 9463 is a bill to prohibit the importation into the Riverside, informed me that the Corps of Engineers was well United States of antiquities acquired in violation of the advanced on channel modification in Chino Canyon. I talked principles of the UNESCO Convention on the Means of the situation over with ARI and, because I was leaving for Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and the field, referred it to Phil Wilke, acting District Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Properties. This Conven­ Archaeologist for SCA District 8. tion has been supported by resolution by the Society for Late June: Wilke visited Chino Canyon and took the American Archaeology and the Archaeological Institute of Corps of Engineers supervising engineer to visit the sites. America. For an outline of the Convention see AMERICAN They were unable to locate the smaller of ARI' s two sites, ANTIQUITY 3 6· 3, July 1971. but did go over the larger. The Corps representative indica­ ted that it would be possible to avoid the site to a large H.R. 9661, introduced in the House of Representa­ extent, minimizing damage. tives on August 2, provides for the establishment of the September 4: I visited the site, and found that though National Conservation Area of the California Desert and the contractor has very carefully avoided it to the maximum funding of the California Desert Study proposed by the extent possible, an uncertain portion of the site has been Bureau of Land Management. This study contains a cut off by channel modification. A possible structure is • significant archaeological element largely prepared by exposed in profile in the bulldozer cut, out of which are Archaeological Research Inc. and the SCA' s California tumbling potsherds, fire-fractured rock, and a clay pipe Desert Committee. Letters of support are needed for this fragment. Construction is obviously not complete, and bill, which should bring a stop to the uncontrolled des­ further work will effectively destroy the apparent structure. truction of the desert and provide for its systematic study All right, you say, so what? Just another unfortunate and protection. situation where archaeologists have gotten caught with their funds down. The site is valuable to our Lake Cahuilla Study Senator Alan Bible's Interior Subcommittee on Parks here at UCR, so we will attempt an emergency salvage and Recreation is continuing its study of the effects of project. We resent it, frankly; we have ways to spend our off-road vehicles on public langs, with an eye toward time and very limited funds other than doing for free what control legislation. Senator Bible requests that all the National Park Service is mandated to fund. BUT, let's persons having information on the effects of s.uch vehicles question for a moment WHY the Chino Canyon salvage program on archaeolgocal sites or other resources s,end such couldn't be funded: information to his committee. April 10, 1971: In a letter addressed to a large number of archaeologists across the nation, Hester Davis of the ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Arkansas Archaeological Survey revealed that the federal Despite a last-ditch attempt by archaeologists budget for salvage archaeology then being considered by the across the nation, the budget provided the Natio.nal Park u's Congress amounted to $1,189, 000, a scant bit more than Service's salvage archaeology program for fiscal year HALF what the NPS Division of Archaeology estimated was 1971 is approximately 1/3 the amount needed to meet nece'ssary. This budget was subsequently raised to committments and needs. $1,309,000 by the House and $1, 236,000 by the Senate, according to Senator Tunney on July 21. The budget for the Division of Archaeology is included in that prepared by EMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT ACT and for the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. The Emergency Employment Act of 1971 provides federal It appears, therefore, that in the Chino Canyon case- which funds for the employment of displaced aerospace workers, presumably can be duplicated in roughly a million dollars engineers, etc. These workers are to be employed in local worth of other archaeology across the nation- the and state governmental agencies, academic institutions, archaeologists concerned did everything they could, the etc.; presumably most community colleges, state colleges, Corps of Engineers and their contractor were entirely cooper­ universities and museums would qualify. Presumably among ative and helpful, but the agency that is ultimately those available for employment will be persons with techni­ responsible for salvage funding, the National Park Service cal abilities applicable to archaeology, so this may be a Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, with full good chance to improve technical operations at minimal understanding and foreknowledge, simply ne lected to reauest cost. Guidelines are a bit vague at present, but the best a sufficient appropriation. bet seems to be to contact your personnel office or local I suggest that this neglect demands explanation by the office of the Department of Human Re sources Development. parties responsible, and I believe that concerned members of this Society should seek it. TOM KING 2 September 4, 1971 !ANNOUNCEMENTS

SCA Constitutional Amendment ., EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETI~G A petition to change the SCA Constitution has been ~ October 30, 1971 made in order that the SCA have a president-elect as the San ~rancisco State College I I sixth member of the Executive Board. *' The ~xecutive Committee of the Society for i It is felt that having a president-elect would give the California Archaeol?gy will hold an open Execu- future president broader experience and proved a greater . tive Committee meeting at 1:00 PM, Saturday, • continuity. Both the Society for American Archaeology and October 30 in HLL-106. The building is situa- *' the Society for Historical Archaeology have this office in I ted at the'corner of 19th and Holloway. Take the their Constitutions. .central entrance on the south side of the build- ing. This amendment to Article V should be adopted, as it would give the future President additional experience and All members are encouraged to attend. provide greater continuity in the D.irectorate. We need a i• full membership vote on this amendment to make it consti­ ••••••••••••••••••••••• tutional, so we beseech your fullest cooperation by returning the ballot immediately. WE'RE DEDUCTABLE : PAUL F. SCHUMACHER Happy news! The Internal Revenue Service has deter­ mined that SCA is exempt from Federal income taxes under SCA Annual section 501 (c) (3) of the IRS Code. This means that Meeting contributions to SCA are deductible by donors; and Cal State Long Beach will host the 197 2 SCA Annual bequests, legacies, transfers, or gifts for our use are Meeting March 30-April l, 197 2. The meeting will be held deductible for Federal estate and gift tax purposes. jointly with the Southwestern Anthropological Association. BOBBIE GREENWOOD Deadline for papers will be January 15, 197 2. Please SCA Treasurer send title, abstract of 100 words or less, and request for audiovisual needs to the program chairman. COMPUTERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY SCA program chairman will be Keith Dixon; Douglas Osborne will be local arrangements chairman for both SCA Ken Colson, West Valley College, would like to hear and SWAA, and Dorothy Libby will be SWAA program chair­ from anyone using the computer in their research. If man. All can be contacted at: there is enough interest, an attempt will be made to have Department of Anthropology a session on computer use in Archaeology at the SCA California State College meetings this Fall. Long Beach, CA 90801 Write to' Ken Colson INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIPTIONS Department of Anthropology Does your college or university library subscribe to the • West Valley College SCA NEWSLETTER? Why not help spread the word about Saratoga, CA 95070 archaeology by requesting an institutional subscription. See the back of this issue for ordering information. $50 STUDENT PRIZE AWARDED President Margaret Weide has announced Eric Ritter and R.G. Matson's paper, "Numerical Taxonomy and Form Categories: A Case Study of Projectile Points from the Spring Garden Ravine Site (4-Pla-101)" as the best student paper submitted to the Student Prize competition at the SCA Spring, 1971 SCA Annual Meeting. STUDENT PRIZE REORGANIZATION. . PAPER The SCA Newsletter is undergoing some organizational The Society for California Archaeology offers a prize of re-shuffling as I have moved from Davis to San Jose to $50.00 for the best paper on archaeology submitted for teach anthropology at West Valley Junior College. Please presentation at the Annual Meeting by a student. To be note the address change for Newsletter business: ·considered for the prize, submit the paper to the Program Linda King, Edi tor-in-Chief Chairman by Januanr 15, 1972. Submit title, abstract and a 1089 Broadway Ave. double-spaced text, and indicate clearly that you wish to San Jose, CA 95125 . have the paper considered for the student prize. The ,written paper should be of suitable length to be presented A belated welcome to our staff is due to Tom King, who in 20 minutes. P.resenta ti on of the paper wUl be scheduled has functioned as Southern California Editor for several ·in the session appropriate to its subject matter. Winner of' months. New,s from the southern part of the state can now the prize will be announced at the Annual Meeting. be submitted through Tom. Program Chairman· Dr. Keith Dixon Many thanks to Dean Gaumer for his several years of Dept. of Anthropology service as Distribution Editor. With the relocation of the Newsletter to San Jose, Beth van Dyke and I will have to California State College, Long Beach handle distribution without his much appreciated aid. Long Beach, CA 90801 LINDA KING • Editor-in-Chief NEWS OF THE PROFESSION

LAKE CAHUILLZ\ "FISH TRAPS" MAY BECOME such, we hope that all persons interested in the project will ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK make known their thoughts to the Department of Parks and Phillip Wilke of U. C. Riverside, currently serving as Recreation. consulting archaeologist with the Riverside County Parks Those interested in information about the program may Department, has submitted to the Department detailed contact the California History Plan, State Department of • recommendations for the acquisition and protection of the Parks and Recreation, P.O. Box 2390, Sacramento, CA 95811. Lake Cahuilla Fish Traps as a County Park. These Telephone (916) 445-4441. DICK HASTINGS circular stone structures lining terraces of extinct Lake August 27, 1971 Cahuilla southwest of Indio have generally been popularly regarded as traps for the taking of lacustrine fish. A. E. Treganza, however, in 1948, suggested that there were some holes in the fish-trap hypothesis, and regarded the CAN YOU DIG MIAMI? structures as places of concealment for hunters of antelope. C. Chaloupka, a student at U. C. Riverside, SCA members are considering the possibility of chart­ has recently suggested in unpublished research that ering a plane or bus to provide low-cost transportation to Treganza was blind to certain architectural elements of the Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting, the structures that indicate that they actually were used scheduled for this spring in Miami, Florida. If you are for fishing. Though some feel that Chaloupka may have interested in taking part in such a charter, please contact trapped himself into an overinterpretation of the rather Robert Bettinger, Archaeological Research Unit, Dept. of uncertain data, Wilke has tentatively accepted his Anthropology, U. C. Riverside, and provide the following findings in his report to the Parks Department. Whatever information: 1) would you prefer a plane or a bus they are, the "Fish Traps" are impressive monuments to (consider costs)? 2) if a bus is chosen, would you like Cahuilla prehistory, and the Parks Department is to be to have stops at sites, museums, or other archaeological complimented for considering them for inclusion in it's loci en route? 3) if so, are there any you're especially scaled-up program of archaeological preservation and interested in? Assuming there is sufficient interest interpretation. TOM KING expressed, negotiations will be undertaken with a charter August 24, 1971 firm, and you will be kept informed of progress. Robert Bettinger September 4 , 19 71

NPS NEWS A reorganization of archaeological programs in the History Lives! National Park Service Western Service Center, Division of • Archaeology, was implemented Tuly l, 1971. Paul T. F. Schumacher assumed complete responsibility for the Inhouse INPUT NEEDED: THE CALIFORNIA STATE HISTORY PLAN Archeological Program (Parks' for the Western Service The State Department of Parks and Recreation is now Center which includes all the Park areas from the preparing the California History Plan, and is inviting Mississippi River westward, and Charles F. Bohannon the contributions to the plan by local governments, historical !nter-Agency Archaeological Salvage Program for the societies, or individuals. We stem and Pacific Northwest Regions. Fred Bohannon In accordance with the National Historic Preservation has been assigned to the Division of Archeology, Act of 1966, the plan will be submitted to the National Park Washington, D.C., but will remain in his present location Service in Washington DC for acceptance and subsequent in San Francisco Messrs. Schumacher and Bohannon will funding of state and focal historical preservation projects. cover each other's work when one is out of the office, as Approximately$ 6 million in federal grants will be has been the practice in the past. available nationally for these projects. §alvag~ When completed, the plan will include a survey and a Tn Tuly, Eric Ritter, UC Davis, submitted his report, classification system for historical and archaeological sites "Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Folsom South Canal, in California, and will recommend priorities and standards Central Valley, California," completing Phase V of the for the preservation of these resources. Auburn-Folsom Archaeological Project made possible through The California State History Plan will need input from Bureau of Reclamation funds. In the survey of Reaches 2, all archaeologists and members of the SCA. As developments 3, 4, and 5, four sites were located in the path of the are made in the History Plan, they will be made known to canal, and it is hoped the Bureau will reroute to avoid them. the membership. We will request comments from all persons We received and accepted Dr. William Wallace's concerned with the preservation of archaeological sites in report, "Archaeological Investigation at the Buttonwillow California and hope to have an active discourse with the Water Management Project, Kern County, California", in membership at large. This History Plan is an on-going fulfillment of a NPS contract. Twenty-two sites were project in conjunction with the National Register of located, but none appear to be endangered by the construct­ Historical Places. Submittals for the National Register are tion project. still being processed but at a much slower pace in that the As reported in Larry Spanne' s "An Archaeological Survey persons handling the historical and archaeological program of Vandenberg Air Force Base, April 1970-May 1971," 40% have been transferred to the History Plan and, as such, of the Air Force Base's lands have been surveyed, other personnel have had to take over this portion of the completing Phase I of the Vandenberg archaeological project. work in addition to their regular duties. A new contract for Phase II was issued in June to UC Santa The California State History Plan can be an important Barbara for the completion of the archaeological surveys on • instrument in preservation of the State's antiquities, and as the base.

4 NOTES AND QUERIES •

HUNTING BilNDS? Help! Are There Any More Like These? A stone wall at 4-Riv-331, the Oleander site in Perris In the course of some extensive survey w ork I have Reservoir, is of a kind locally reputed to be "hunting undertaken on the south central California coast I have blinds". This hypothetical function ls being tes ted by the been shown a petroglyph t hat, so far as I know, does not UC Riverside Archaeological Research Unit, and informa­ resemble anything else in the area. Briefly , th e design tion is solicited. Scale in photo is one meter. element is pecked into the rock, then sometimes rubbed or polished. It consists of circles, such as the impressions doughnuts would leave if pressed into a soft surface. These .(Continued,) designs appear on two adjacent rocks situated in a gully Bob Orlins of the Foundation for Archaeological Research, on a steep hillside at about the 900 fo·Jt elevation and UC Davis, has submitted for acceptance the final report overlooking the ocean. for his reconnaissance and tes ting of sites in Indian Pending more complete identification I believe the Valley in eastern Lake County, California, prior to the con­ rocks to be highly alte red serpentine of grayish-green skin, struction of a dam in 1973 on the North Fork of Cache with a reddish iron oxide undersurface exposed in some of Creek. Eighty-six sites were located besides the four the pecking . The two boulders ate of similar size and previously recorded. Fred Bohannon visited the area shape, the highest perpendicular face measuring 14 feet August 3-4. Bob recommends the intensive excavation of from the ground, the top surface about 16 feet by 12 feet, two habitation ·sites and limite'ct sampling of other midden and the general outline parabolic. · The circles are • sites, collections from surface s ites, and integrated accompanied by various other peck marks, grooves and multi-disciplinary environmental studies be made in the scratches of a random nature. area. If anyone knowing of similar petroglyphs would notify Last May Robert W. Summers of Fresno State College me at P.O. Box 72 , San Simeon, CA 93452, I would be submitted his report, "Archaeology of the Kern National most grateful. Wildlife Refuge '. Site FSC-59," made possible by funds MARY AilCE BALDWIN provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He August 29, 1971 completed the excavation of two burials which had been exposed during leveling operations. This spring a contract was issued to Tom King, UC Riverside , for the archaeological reconnaissance of In the spring. two contracts were issued to Dr. William Morongo-Yucca-Upper Coachella Valley, San Bernardino J. Wallace to excavate the Harmony and Eagle Borax Works County, California, with funds provided by the Bureau in Death Valley National Monument, California. In July we of Reclamation. Tom transmitted his preliminary report received his report, "The Wildrose Charcoal Kilns: The stating that two sites had been located in the right-of-way Archaeological Record," completing the excavation of the and proposes these be tested. kilns an.ct general survey of the vicinity. Mike Moratto of San Franc isco State College has A contract was issued in August to Prof. Jerry John son reported that the field work and laboratory work for Phase of Sacramento State College for the archaeological s urvey III of the New Don Pedro Project have been completed and and salvage of Route l a nd the vicinity of the Park Road in we a re awaiting his final report. Lassen Volcanic National Park. Graduate student Alfred Parks: Journey submitted a preliminary report for the survey he In April a contract was issued to Mike Moratto of San accomplished thus far which located four sites. Francisco State College for the archaeological ANN L. HOWARD reconnaissance of Redwood National Park, California. By NPS June, Moratto reported the distressing news that fourteen September 14 , 1971 of the most importa nt Yurok and Tolowa village s ites which had b een doc ume nted by early his torians and ethnographers KEEP1NG TRACK . .. have been tragically destroyed or damaged in recent years . He comple te d the survey of the Park by the end of August. Archaeologists who have accepted new teaching A contract was issued to Dr. Keith Johnson of Chico positions in California include Rob Edwards of UC Davis State College for the archaeological salvage of Site 177 who is now teaching at Cabrillo College in Santa Cruz: in Whiskeytown National Recreation Area at the junction Rick Hanks of SFVSC who is now at Ventura TC: and • o f Paige Boulder Creeks and Clear Creek. Park building s Chester King who is t eaching a general anthropology are to be relocated on the site. course at Cal State Hayward.

5 SF STATE ACTIVITIES Early in 1971, reconnaissance work and excavations portion of the San Fernando Vo.Hey in Chatsworth. After two were conrpleted in the New Don Pedro Reservoir locality of years of work by the members of the survey, particularly by the Tuolumne PJver. Under the direction of Mike Moratto, L. Allard, M. Murray, and M. Garett, the owners of the field crews from San Fransisco State College and Merced property have decided to "develop" the area on which • College documented 28 historic and 41 prehistoric sites or excavation work has been taking place. A preliminary features. Among the evidences from the historic period report is soon forthcoming. were house and cabin foundations, stone walls and corrals, The second activity this summer and one of the most mines, water diversion projects, wells, and kilns--most of important to the Survey was the preliminary ground survey which date to the la.st half of the nineteenth century. In of the extensive property owned or leased by Getty Oil contra st, small middens, bedrock milling places, occasion­ Company, Standard Oil Company / and Porter-Sesnon, al cupule petroglyphs and a rock shelter constitute the located in the north portion of the San Fernando Valley. prehistoric remains. Most of the locations had been According to the UCLA Archaeological Survey, no adequate damaged by earth-moving operations; it is estimated that at survey had been mcde of this area. K.L. CHRAFT, fR. least twice as many sites existed previously. RH SAS Elements of midden remained at only 24 sites, and bulldozers had nearly eradicated nine of these. Of the remaining sample, seven sites were tested or extensively EXPLORATORY EXCAVATIONS AT MISSION SAN LUIS OBISPO excavated. The recovery of temporally sensitive artifacts and four radiocarbon dates allow for precise chronologic For their project in my California Indians class at Cal control. The sampled middens appear to reflect occupations Poly, five students under the leadership of Gary Atkinson from ca. 500 AD until the gold rush of the 1850' s. None of are excavating three trial pits in a vacant lot near Mission the large, presumably old, village sites which must have San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. Their first three levels existed along the Tuolumne could be found; all were (12" each) penetrated through a two hundred year-old destroyed by mining, road building, dam construction and refuse heap, reflecting sfoc interacting cultures. Amidst a related activities. profusion of mission tile fragments (post 1786 A. D.) From the small sites which had escaped destruction, appeared the first potsherds known in San Luis Obispo many data were gathered concerning prehistoric subsistence, County archaeology. One of the two types represented is lithic resource exploitation, construction of houses, and a Digueno maze design. The second is of two varieties mortuary practices. As an ancillary study, Tom Jackson of Owens Valley Brown Ware: sun dried and oven fired, applied X-ray flourescence analysis of obsidian to the undoubtedly importations of the Western Yokuts (Tachi). problem of trade and learned that the Central Miwok of The fourth culture represented at this internationalized the Tuolumne were obtaining their obsidian from the site is in a collection of trade beads, a further infusion of Bodie Hills in Washo territory, not from the Casa Diablo Western civilization. Other pioneer objects include hand source in Mono envir::ms as had been reported by ethnogra­ forged nails, a round lead pistol ball, and a variety of phers. These and other findings of the New Don Pedro early porcelain wares. The Chumash were represented by project are reported fully in Treganza Anthropology Mus- broken stone bowls, chert scrapers, and two bone awls. • eum Papers, No. 9, now available. The Mexian culture is identified from a miniature clay Win Henn has directed crews of students from UC and saddle, unfired, showing the distinct pommel and high SFSC in the excavations of two Marin County sites. back characteristic of early horsemen in Mexican California. The students are still digging in a historic Although the analysis of the data is in its earliest stages, layer, but an uninterupted layer of shell has appeared it is expected that the Ignacio site will yield a great deal of information about bay shore subsistence specialization that the prehistoric period is also represented.at SLOCAS- 613. from the earliest centuries of the Christian era until the fAY VON WERLHOF late prehistoric period. In contrast, the Nicasio site September, 1971 {probably the ethnographic Coast Miwok settlement of FORT ROSS Echa Tamal) promises to clarify the relationship of native culture with the intensifying Hispano-Mexican contacts For the past two years, the California Department of of the early nineteenth century. This site has already Parks and Recreation and Sonoma State College have been produced large numbers of aboriginal and historic contact jointly sponsoring a summer archaeology class at Fort artifacts in associative patterns suggestive of mission Ross State Historic Park. influence and possibly post-secularization settlement by Under the direction of Department Archaeologist Fritz partly acculturated neophytes. Riddell and Sonoma State College instructor Bill Pritchard, Lastly, SFSC students have conducted a reconnaissance students have uncovered the original foundation footings and five excavations in San Mdteo County during the past of the Fort Ross Chapel, which was built by the Russian several years. Their findings have now been compiled colony in 1825. They have also found evidence of the and published as Treganza Anthropology Museum Papers, officials' barracks, built bythe Russians in 1820. No. 8 . Reported therein are a survey of the Half Moon Students have already uncovered 11 of the original 20 Bay area, excavations of two sites near Half Moon Bay, Chapel footings, which are of redwood. Evidence of the excavations of two sites near San Bruno, an analysis of barracks includes portions of the original flagstone walk­ obsidian from the Central California coast, and other way, three postholes, and a privy pit. The barracks was studies. MICHAEL J. MORATTO remodeled into a saloon in the 1870' s and was used as such September 23, 19 71 until around 1900. Fort Ross State Historic Park was the scene recently RESEDA HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM of two serious fires' one last October in which the Chapel Summer activities for the Reseda High School Archaeology was destroyed, and an arson fire July 11 that burned part of Survey centered on two activities. First was the completion the stockade wall, one of the blockhouses and the roof of of the excavation work at LAn-25 7, located in the northwest the Commandant's House. FRANCIS RIDDELL • August 6, 1971 6 education AND ARCHAEOLOGY- Preliminary Report MARK RAYMOND HARRINGTON 1882-1971 On August 6, the University of Nevada at Las Vegas and the UCLA Archaeological Survey completed the field The death of Dr. Mark Raymond H .. rrington on June 30 element of EDUCATION AND ARCHAEOLOGY, a program in just a few days before his 89th birthday, marked the passing archaeology and community education sponsored by the of one of the last pioneers in American archaeology. With National Endowment for the Humanities. The basic pur­ him goes a link with the past which provides interesting pose of the program was to bring teachers of anthropology perspective on present work and a better understanding of • in community colleges and small 4-year colleges together past accomplishments. with college and university students interested in commun­ "M. R .• " as he was affectionately known, began his ity technique and method. E & A conducted excavations at career in 1899 as an Assistant in Archaeology for the American 4-SBa-71, at the mouth of Winnhester Canyon on the Santa Museum of Natural History in New York City. He began when Barbara coast. Dr. Claude Warren directed the project, not yet out of high school working for Professor F. w. Putnam with Tom King in charge of field excavation, Gary Coombs of the American Museum excavating sites in New York and in charge of archival research at the Santa Barbara Mission, New Jersey and learning the techniques of field work. In Mrs. Julie Edwards in charge of educational organization, 1903 he obtained a scholarship at the University of and Rob Edwards, David Dietrick, and Ward Upson serving Michigan and then transferred.to Columbia where he as specialists and general instructional assistants. received his MA in 1907. When an anticipated permanent Twenty-two students participated in the program; the position with the American Museum was not immediately group included an age range from 17 to SS and an education­ forthcoming, he became employed by Covert' s Indian Store al range from beginning college students to PhD' s. on Fifth Avenue and was assigned to make a collection of Students and staff members participated in the materials from the Iroquois. His success in getting ethnolo­ development of a research design concerned with the gical ite:ns from the Indians so impres sect George G. Heye reasons for large-village nucleation among the late­ that he hired M. R. to go on a collecting trip for him prehistoric Chumpsh; SBa-71 was investigated as a site starting a long association with Mr. Heye and the Mu;eum that presumably was abandoned in the course of this of the American Indian (Heye Foundation) which he founded nucleation, in the hope of determining the reason for its a short time later. abandonment. A . 6% dispersed random sample of the While with the Heye Founoation, M.R. not only added extensive midden area was supplemented by backhoe to the ethnological collections, but also engaged in cuts and small area exposures (the former justified by the archaeological work, his main interest. He excavated in fact that the site will be destroyed by residential construct~ the Eastern Woodland region, Midwest and even in Cuba. ion. Initial impressions suggest that the site was largely Among his most important activities in prehistory while at the occupied during the period ca. 2000-1000 B. P., though New York institution was his discovery of the Ozark Bluff a heavily calcified lower horizon was encountered that may Dweller culture of Arkansas .and Missouri. be substantially older, and some evidence of quite late He left the Heye foundation in 1928 and joined the (ca. 14-1500 A.D.) occupation was noted. Non-random staff of the Southwest Museum where he remained as distributions of artifacts, ecofacts and manuports indicated curator until his retirement in 1964. During his association the locations of a cooking area, a probable milling area, with the Southwest Museum he did much field work in residential loci and garbage heaps; a small cemetery, archaeology, especially on sites pertaining to Early Man. partly excavated in 1926 by D.B. Rogers, and a very small His search for evidence of man's earliest presence in the • structure (2 meters across, with .5 ca. 15 cm. centerpost) N cw World led him to do major excavations at Gypsum were located and exposed. Data are now undergoing Cave, Nevada, Borax Lake and Little L..Jke in California, analysis at UNLV, UCSB, and Long Beach City College. and Tule Springs in Nevada. Mission record research focused on patterns of post­ Apart from his anthropological research, M. R. marital residence among the Chumash, utilizing baptismal, came to be interested in California history, especially marriage, and other records. Genealogies spanning up to of the Spanish and Mexican periods. From the early five generations were constructed from these data, which 1930-s onward he has played a part in the restoration of will be used to test the alternative hypotheses of matri­ missions and old' adobes. He was active in the work local and avunculocal residence, trace intervillage ties, done on missions La Purisima and San Fernando and in the and shed some light on the processes involved in Chumash Hugo Reid Adobe in Arcadia and the General Andres Pico missionization. Adobe in Mission Hills. The latter he purchased and Semi-nightly seminars cum-rap sessions concerning rebuilt as nearly as possible to its old form. He then archaeology and education were a vital element of the built his own adobe home a few blocks away and just program; during these and other spontaneous meetings across the street from the San Fernando Mission. there was a fertile exchange of ideas among teachers, With M.R. 's death much knowledge has been lost, students, and staff. It is difficult at present to assess but we are fortunate that he was so prolific in his writing, the effect of this experience; an evaluation period having published reports on all of his field work before scheduled for January will come closer to telling the tale. his death. Regrettably, the background of information for Some of the spin-offs from the program are significant, identifications of North American ethnological and however; they include a proposal for a multi-institutional archaeological items will not be available, nor his educational archaeology program in the Costanoan area, a counseling of students interested in archaeological coordinated bi-institutional program in Ventura County, careers and expertise in advising historical as well as several introducgory archaeology curricula, the idea of a archaeological organizations. Perhaps what will be summer program in analytic method and theory for small­ missed most of all is M.R. the pers_on with his sensitivity college instructors, and a new anthropological research to the feelings of others, his love of nature, his great unit at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas. sense of humor, his fondness for the pun, and his many TOM KING and amusing anecdotes which he could relate to any occasion . CHARLES ROZAIRE • September, 1971 1 ( Positions Open ). \~~~~~~~~~~~-· (~_P_o_s_i_t_io_n_s_W_a_n_t_e~d_)

JOB OPENING AT BOWERS MUSEUM Archaeologist, specialties in reconstruction of social There is an opening for an anthropologist as Museum organization among hunter-gatherers, research design, Technician at Bowers Museum. The salary range is from inference, method, and theory, archaeopolitical strategics, $803-978 per month. Write Bowers Museum, 2002 N. desires position somewhere in California. Should have PhD Main Street, Santa Ana, California. The deadline is and be available Fall 19 7 2, currently have completed all but November l. • dissertation. Prefer position that pennits maximum leeway for community organization, participation in statewid.e and ARTIST AVAILABLE nationwide archaeolgocial programs. Experience in research administration, grantsmanship, etc., ca.· 15 publications. Georgia Lee Fleshman, a professional arti'. Contact Tom King, Dept. of Anthropology, University of illustrator of Joe Tainter' s "Salvage Excavatior.~ d the California at Riverside 92502. Fowler Slte," is interested in pursuing archaeological illustration and would like to get in touch with archaeo­ logists who are in need of an artist. GEORGIA LEE FLESHMAN 66 Choro Street San Luis Obispo, CA 0 ~401

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