Earth's Atmosphere

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7 1 / 3 2 / Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. 88/23/17 3:51:41 AM Air pollution is harmful air pollution. Read the two statements below and decide the two statements below and decide Read If no humans lived on Earth, there would be If no humans lived on Earth, there would no air pollution. measured levels in the air are not Pollution or monitored.

7. 8. The contamination of air by harmful substances, including The contamination of air by harmful pollution Point-source sources. Air pollution comes from many pollution is pollution that comes from Nonpoint-source Before Statement After What do you think? in the Before or disagree with them. Place an A whether you agree After with the statement or a D if you disagree. column if you agree if you have reread the statements to see you’ve read this lesson, changed your mind. a widespread area. An example of nonpoint-source pollution is air pollution is air of nonpoint-source area. An example widespread a pollution This is called nonpoint-source pollution in a large city. Some source. one back to be traced because the pollution cannot of natural examples and marshes are in swamps bacteria that live pollution. of nonpoint-source sources to humans and other living things. Years of exposure to polluted polluted of exposure to humans and other Years living things. to Air pollution can cause immune system. a human’s air can weaken diseases such as asthma. respiratory is pollution that comes from a single, identifiable Examples source. and electric of large factories include smokestacks of point sources of They release tons energy. plants that burn fuels for fossil power of An example polluting gases and particles the air each day. into pollution is an erupting point-source volcano. natural gases and smoke, is called gases and smoke, Sources of Air Pollution Air Quality Earth’s Atmosphere Earth’s

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2 9 3 3 1 point-source 4 8 6 _ 4 L _ E R _ 2 1 Key Concept Check Key C _ Earth’s Atmosphere Atmosphere Earth’s Essentials Reading S LESSON 4 LESSON _ 7 How do humans impact How do humans air quality? monitor Why do humans air quality standards? CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER G _ and nonpoint-source pollution. 392

1. Compare Asking Questions Key Concepts Concepts Key • • each head and write down one question you have to find Try that topic. about answers to your questions as you read. S I M _ 6 9 3 _ 2 9 3392_396_MIS_G7_S_C12_RE_L4_68413392 392 3392_396_MIS_G7_S_C12_RE_L4_68413393 393 9 2 _ 3 9 6 _ M I S _ G 7 _ S Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. _ C 1 2 _ R E the air. for somepeopleto breathe andmakes itdifficult reduces visibility Ground-level ofsmog.Smoginurban ozoneisthemain part areas Ground-level ozonecandamage thetissuesof plants andanimals. stratosphere helpsprotect organismsfromtheSun’s rays. harmful other compounds smog.Recall thatform thatozonein the ofchemicalreactionsproducesozoneand with sunlight.Aseries when nitrogendioxide,released interaction between plant smoke. nitrogen oxidesareautomobile exhaustsandpower- andfactory marshes. However, themost commonsources ofsulfurdioxide and madeofstone. structures damages buildingsandother theorganismslivinginwater.can harm Acid precipitationalso thechemistry,affects ormakeup, ofwater inlakes andrivers. This precipitation includesacidrain, snow, andfog. Acid precipitation edn setas at’ topee Earth’s Atmosphere Reading Essentials Acid Precipitation Causes andEffectsofAirPollution Particulate Pollution Smog that ofnormalrainwater, itiscalled in theatmosphereandformprecipitationthathasapHlowerthan and damagepaint. Sulfur dioxide pollutioncanchangethecolorofstone, metal, rust plants. Airpollutioncanalsodamage human-madestructures. ozone,canharm health. Somepollutants,includingground-level things blurry, andreducevisibility. scattersunlight. Thiscancreate light,make haze.Hazeparticles matter. are most likely healthproblemsdueto to particulate experience attacks. bronchitis andcanleadto heart Children andolderadults inhaled andthenenter your lungs.Theycancauseasthma and health. acids, andotherchemicalsthatcanbehazardous tohuman matter. size ofasugarcube. cubiccentimeter ofair.are inevery Acubiccentimeter isaboutthe _ L 4 _ 6 Natural sources ofsulfurdioxide includevolcanoes and The harmful effects ofairpollutionarenot limited effects toThe harmful human Although you can’t see them, over 10,000 solid orliquidparticles Photochemical smog When sulfurdioxide andnitrogenoxides combinewithmoisture Particulate matter intheatmosphere absorbs andscatters 8 4 1 3 3 Thesmallest Theycanbe arethemost particles harmful. 9 Particulate 3

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(par TIHkyuhlut) This type of pollutant is called particulate ofpollutantiscalledparticulate This type chemicals intheairandsunlight. is air pollution that forms from the isairpollutionthatformsfromthe in gasoline-engineexhausts, reacts acid precipitation. matter isamixtureofdust, Acid Acid Smog forms air pollution. the formationandeffectsof record informationabout Make athree-tabbookto (Circle thecorrectanswer.) acid precipitationform? humans impactairquality? 2. Identify 3. Explain c. b. a. ozone rustsmetal whenground-level atmosphere moisture inthe whengasesmixwith sunlight atmosphere reactwith whenchemicalsinthe Reading Check Key ConceptChec How do How does 393 88/23/17 3:52:14 AM / 2 3 k / 1 7

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7 1 / 3 2 / Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. 88/23/17 3:52:21 AM The Clean Air Act gives the United States government the government States United the gives The Clean Air Act hundreds of by are continuously monitored levels Pollution Wind can influenceWind effects the Because moving of air pollution. can form during nights long winter inversions Temperature in pollution it contains, can be trapped along with the Cool air, Preserving requires atmosphere the quality of Earth’s forests. humans, protect The standards set air-quality to standards. power animals, plants, and buildings from the effects of air pollution. All harmful levels. not exceed sure pollutants do make must states include carbon Some of the pollutants that are monitored and sulfur ozone, monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, dioxide. are too If levels States. cities in the United instruments in all major high, authorities limit outdoor activities. might advise people to the cooperation of government officials, of government and the public. cooperation scientists, the can help fight government how of is an example The Clean Air Act have Since then, steps in 1970. passed air pollution. The act was Pollutant exhaust. reduce pollution from automobile to been taken Unfortunately, States. greatly decreased have in the United levels serious remain. The amount of ground-level problems still ozone is Also, acid precipitation large cities. high in many too still and form and harm streams, continues to organisms in lakes, when winds are weak and skies are clear. As land cools at night, As land cools are clear. and skies weak when winds are air cool prevent cools. Calm winds, however, it also the air above in the cool pollution Any it. the warmfrom mixing with air above problems. and can cause surface Earth’s close to air stays Cool air sinks the sides of surrounding down valleys. mountains from mixing. Pollution air layers preventing the valley into inversion. the temperature by becomes trapped air carries wind patterns with it, some pollution more cause prevents winds or no wind others. Weak problems than pollution During weak the surrounding from mixing with pollutants air. can grow pollution wind conditions, dangerous levels. to Air Quality Standards Monitoring Air Pollution Maintaining Healthful Air Quality Maintaining Healthful Movement of Air Pollution Air of Movement

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4 9 3 What is the 3 1 Check 4 8 6 _ 4 L _ E R _ 2 1 C Reading Check Reading Reading Reading _ Earth’s Atmosphere Atmosphere Earth’s Essentials Reading S _ 7 G _

5. Describe Clean Air Act? 394 4. Cause and Effect How is pollution trapped by a temperature inversion? S I M _ 6 9 3 _ 2 9 3392_396_MIS_G7_S_C12_RE_L4_68413394 394 3392_396_MIS_G7_S_C12_RE_L4_68413395 395 9 2 _ 3 9 6 _ M I S _ G 7 _ S Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. _ C 1 2 _ R E Air QualityTrends Indoor AirPollution edn setas at’ topee Earth’s Atmosphere Reading Essentials remaining high. number ofvehicles inuseresultsthelevel ozone ofground-level fromchemicalreactionsinvolvingcan form carexhaust. Thelarge matterand particulate have alsodecreased. air have decreasedthemost. Levels ofsulfurdioxide, nitrogenoxide, pollutants have decreased.Levels ofleadandcarbon monoxideinthe fossil fuelsandtraveling inautomobiles, levels air ofcertain pollution-producing processeshave increased,suchasburning decades, asshown Harmful effects ofradon effects come frombreathingitsparticles. Harmful levelsbuildings andsometimesbuildsupto harmful insidehomes. throughcracks inthefoundations leaks of Radon and rocks. pollutant isradon. isanodorless Radon gasgiven by somesoil off foam insulationalsoaddpollutantsto indoorair. Another indoorair sources upholstery, ofindoorairpollutants.Furniture and carpets, aresomecommon cleaning products,pesticides, andfireplaces outdoors. quality humanhealthmorethanair indoorscanaffect air! Airquality as50times buildings canbeasmuch _ L 4 _ 6 Air quality inU.S. citieshasimprovedAir quality over thelast several Not allairpollutionisoutdoors. Theairinsidehomesandother Ground-level ozonehasnot decreasedmuch.Recall thatozone Indoor airpollutioncomesfrommany sources. Tobacco smoke, 8 4 1 3 3 9 5

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correct answer.) a population between1970 the percentchangein Effect 6. Causeand c. b. a. 7. UseGraphs standards? monitor airquality 0% amountin1970. For All valuesarebasedonthe from 1970through2006. different pollutionfactors percent changeinfour Thegraphhereshowsthe decreased by30%. the amountofairpollution During thesameperiod, vehicle milesdoubled. 100%. Inotherwords,the miles drivenincreasedby 1990, thenumberofvehicle example, from1970to nd 2006? (Circle the nd 2006?(Circlethe Math Skills 100 percent 50 percent 75 percent Key Concept Why do humans Why dohumans What was What was Check 395 88/23/17 3:52:24 AM / 2 3 / 1 7

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7 1 / 3 2 / Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. 88/23/17 3:52:30 AM END OF LESSON a mixture a mixture air pollution that forms from air pollution that forms e the interaction between chemicals in the the interaction between atmosphere and sunlight of dust, acids, and other chemicals that can be that can be and other chemicals of dust, acids, to human health hazardous Log on to ConnectED.mcgraw-hill.com on to ConnectED.mcgraw-hill.com Log and access your textbook to find this resources. lesson’s particulate (par TIH kyuh lut) matter: (par TIH kyuh particulate photochemical smog: he material help you better understand air quality? understand better he material help you ir pollution can b A Indoor: Outdoor: 6 9 precipitation that results when when that results precipitation 3

6 9 3 3 1 4 the contamination of air by harmful of air by harmful the contamination 8 6 _ 4 L _ E R _ 2 1 C _ Earth’s Atmosphere Atmosphere Earth’s Essentials Reading substances, including gases and smoke substances, including sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine with combine with and nitrogen oxides sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere moisture S _ How did asking questions before you read t you before questions did asking How Complete the concept map to identify different sources of indoor and outdoor air pollution. of indoor identify different sources the concept map to Complete Review the terms and their definitions in the Mini Glossary. Explain in one sentence what sentence Explain in one the terms definitions and their Review Glossary. in the Mini smog is. photochemical agree. Did you change your mind? agree. Reread the statements at the beginning of the the statements Reread column with an A if you lesson. Fill in the After agree with the statement or a D if you dis- 7 What do you think What do you G _ 3. 396 2. acid precipitation: acid precipitation: air pollution: 1. Mini Glossary S I M _ 6 9 3 _ 2 9 3392_396_MIS_G7_S_C12_RE_L4_68413396 396 Lesson 4 Air Quality

Scan Lesson 4. Read the lesson titles and bold words. Look at the pictures. Identify three facts that you discover about Earth’s air quality. Write these facts in your Science Journal.

S ources of Air Pollution Identify the 2 general sources of air pollution, and give an example of each. 1.

Causes and Effects Analyze the causes and effects of air pollution. of Air Pollution I found this on page Cause Effect . Acid precipitation 1.

1. damages plant and animal tissue

Particulate Pollution De fine particulate matter. Then list three ways in which particulates I found this on page can harm humans. . P articulate matter :

Earth’s Atmosphere 397

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Movement Identify the problems of wind moving or not moving air pollution. of Air Pollution When the wind blows, it I found this on page . . When the wind does not blow,

Describe two aspects of the Clean Air Act. Maintaining Healthful 1. The Clean Air Act gives the U.S. government Air Quality I found this on page . . 2. The standards require states to

Complete the statement to explain how monitoring air I found this on page quality helps people. . If air pollution levels are too high . . . Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,Copyright a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

…then the public is notified of danger and

Air Quality Trends Identify four sources of indoor air pollution. I found this on page 1. 3. . 2. 4.

Suppose that a doctor has just diagnosed you with a respiratory problem. She has suggested that you remove sources of air pollution from your living space. What could you do?

398 Earth’s Atmosphere

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