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Traditional Medicine of Baja California Sur (Mexico) Ii

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Traditional Medicine of Baja California Sur (Mexico) Ii Joumal of Ethnopharmacology, 20 (1987) 209- 222 209 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE OF BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR (MEXICO) II ROSALBA ENCARNACION DIMAYUGA, REBECA FORT MURILLO and MARITZA LUIS PANTOJA Department0 de Biologia Mar&q Universidad Aut6noma de Baja California SW, Apdo. Postal No. 219-B, La Paz, 3. C.S. 23080 lMexico) (Accepted April 27, 1987) Summary Continuing our studies of traditional medicine, as used in rural areas of Baja California Sur, now we wish to report on the medicinal uses of 49 more plants. Some of the more complex recipes of these medicinal plants, are discussed in the present paper. The information presented here was col- lected in the Municipio of Los Cabos and part of the Municipio of La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico. Introduction The study of traditional medicine of Baja California Sur, was initiated in 1984. The main objective of this project is to recapture the information concerning the use of natural resources with a medicinal purpose, reported in the state of Baja California Sur. This state has four mu~~ip~ties: The Municipality of Los Cabos, the Municipality of La Paz, the Municipality of Comondu and the Municipality of Mulege. We intend to collect this informa- tion in almost all the different localities and communities corresponding to each municipality. At this time, the information obtained by means of inter- views and questionnaires, indicates that the remnants of traditional medi- cine are almost exclusively practiced as home remedies. Some of the elder informants stated that their knowledge of traditional medicine was passed on to them by their forebearers who were Pericues Encarnacibn and Aandez, 1986). The information was obtained by interviewing 92 informants. All of them were over 70 years old, except for 3 people who were about 40 years old. In an effort to obtain information concerning the local name, preparation, use, 0378-87~1/8?/~05.35 0 1987 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd. Pubfished and Printed in Ireland 210 administration and effectiveness of medicinal plants, the informants were asked the following questions: Do you use medicinal plants or home reme- dies to cure your sicknesses? Which kinds of plants do you use? Do they effectively cure your sicknesses? How do you prepare them? How long do you take the remedy? How many times a day do you take it? What dosage do you use? Most of the time the informants showed us the plants they used, allowed us to keep a sample of them and helped us with the collecting. Each speci- men was collected and labeled indicating number, date of collection, locality and medicinal use. Duplicate herbarium specimens were retained at the Marine Biological Department of the Universidad Autonoma of Baja California Sur (Mexico) for identification. Voucher specimens were deposited at the herbarium of the Biological Institute of the Universidad National Autonoma of Mexico. Results and discussion The information presented here was collected in different localities and communities of the Municipality of Los Cabos and part of the Municipality of La Paz as indicated in part I (Encarnacibn and Agundes, 1986). La Paz is the capital of the State of Baja California Sur and was excluded because of the recognizable influence from mainland Mexico. We have now registered 252 local names of traditional medicinal resources in this area. One hundred twenty medicinal plants have been collected. From these 120 species, 80 have been botanically identified and 49 are reported here. Common medicinal use of the plants, as agreed by several independent informants from different geographical localities of the Municipality of Los Cabos and part of the Municipality of La Paz, are recorded in Table 1. Information on the dosages administered was difficult to obtain because the quantity used was repeatedly described unspecifically as “a small amount” and so on. Owing to this uncertainty the amounts of plant matter used in a preparation is not included. The diagnosis presented under the heading “medicinal use” is based on the descriptions of symptoms as related by the informants and are therefore, in several cases, inexact. In Table 1, the number of informants recommending the use of a certain plant against a specific ailment, divided by the total number of informants mentioning the use of the plant has been included. This data allows an assessment of the distribution of a certain remedy in the area. Although this cannot be taken as “proof” of medical activity or the lack of it, we feel that a widely distributed remedy may be more likely to show activity since so many people rely on it and since the effectiveness must have been tested in many cases. This does not mean that a cure recommended by only a few informants is without validity but may simply reflect the disappearance of this knowledge (Encamacion and Agrmdez, 1986). A tabulation of the main medicinal use of the 49 plants treated in the TABLE 1 TRADITIONAL MEDICINE OF BAJA CALIFORNlA SUR (MEXICO) II coi. Local name Botanical name Plant Medicinal use No. of Preparation Administration DO. Part informanta ACANTHACEAE 40 Cordonciho Elytmria imbricata Whole Fever 3/17 Deco&ion As tea until the (Vahl) Pers. plant Kidney ache 3117 person feels Cystitis/urethritis 10117 better Menstrual colic 1117 Parturient’s colic l/17 51 Nicle Jacobinia spicigera Branches Diarrhoea and @chlecht.) stomachache 18/25 Bailey Kidney ache 1125 Deco&ion As tea until Fever l/25 recovery Constipation 3125 ANACARDIACEAE 35 Lentisco Rhus laudna Nutt. Leaves Wounds 113 Deco&ion Used for bathing Rheumatism 113 followed by Paralysis l/3 application of the boiled leaves on the area in pain ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 36 Hierba de1 Indio Aristolochia Root Amoebas 2164 brevipes Warm 3164 As tea until Benth. Diarrhoea 7164 Deco&ion revovery Stomachache 49164 as poultice for Diabetes 6164 7 days Fever 3164 Malaria 2164 BURSERACEAE 58 Torote blanco Bur.sera o&rata Gum Poisoning dogs 417 Mix with meat Brandegee Scorpion stings 117 or rubbed the gum on the stings TABLE 1 (continued) Cal. Local name Botanical name Plant MedicinaI use No. of Preparation Administration z IlO. Psi-t informants 67 Torote Colorado Bursera miwophylla Branches Stomachache and A. Gray Gum constipation 114 Wounds and 214 Decoction As tea, washing bruises the wounds, applied Piiple l/4 the gum on the pimple CAPPARIDACEAE 61 Jubaibena A tamisquea Branches Rheumatism 214 Roasted and Applied to the emarginata Miers Toothache 114 ground aching area, used Cough 114 for bathing Deco&ion CAESALPINIOIDEAE 56 Junco Parkinson Branches Cystitis aculeata L. Urethritis 7/E? Deco&ion As tea untit Kidney infection l/8 recovery, instead of water for 9 days CAPRIFOLIACEAE 86 Sauce, same Sambucus Branches Cold 7/15 mexicana and Fever 2115 Presl ex DC. flower Cough 4115 Deco&ion As tea untit the or root Bronchitis l/l5 symptoms disappear Rabies 2115 Wounds l/15 COMPOSITAE 111 Chicura Ambrosia Root or Abortive 3166 ambrosioicles leaves To fortify (Cav.) Payne the uterus 44166 Deco&ion of As tea of instead of Rheumatism 8/66 root water for 9 days Stomachache 3166 after child birth Headache 8166 Roasted leaves Applied to the area Cold 1166 inpain Varicose vein l/66 68 Zarzaparrilla Eclipta alba Branches Kidney pain l/l Decoction Instead of water (L.) Hassk. until recovery 46 Hierba de1 Pasmo Haplopappus Skin ulcer l/29 sonon’ensis Branches Toothache 8129 (A. Gray) Cough 1129 S.F. Blake Tetanus 3129 Decoction Washing the skin Bad smelling feet 2129 ulcer, to gargle, Wounds 2129 as tea 47 Romerillo Hymenocka monogyra Ton-. & Branches Paralysis 113 Decoction Bathing, as tea Gray Tetanus l/3 66 Manzanilla Perityk de1 monte micmgkssa Benth. Venereal diseases l/l Deco&ion Instead of water during 9 days 92 Envidia Sonchus Whole Kidney l/l Decoction As tea oleraceus L. plant EUPHORBIACEAE 38, Golondrina Euphorbia nutans Leaves Pimple l/37 82.89 Lag. or Bites of poisonous Euphorbia aff. branches snake and scorpion 5137 Deco&ion Washing the polycarpa Benth. or whole Skin ulcers 8137 infected area Euphorbia spp. plant Conjuntivitis 5137 Wounds 5137 Urethritis, cystitis Kidney ache l/37 As tea until Stomachache 3137 recovery Cold LABIATAE 65 Chicura de la Lepechinia hastuta Root Uterine infections l/l Decoction After the 2nd Sierra (A. Gray1 Epling day of finishing the menstruation, during 5 days the tea is taken E TABLE 1 fco~ti~ue~l 2 Coi. Local name Botanical name PIam, Medicinal use No. of Preparation Administration IlO. Part informants before breakfast and before going to sleep 50 Pole0 Mentha sp. Branches Cold 2120 different from Sinusitis 6120 Fried in oil 2-3 drops applied Mentha spicata L. Stomachache 6120 or hen’s fat in the nostrils Headache 2120 with tezo: As tea Diarrhoea l/20 Acacia sp. Cough 5i20 Bronchitis 1120 Deco&ion 100 Albahaca Ocimum Leaves Earache 8119 blauca, basilicum L. or Stomache T/19 seeds stop vomit 2119 Sap of leaves Put in the ear 101 Albahaca Insomnia 1119 and rubbing the morada Newborn colic l/19 Deco&ion ear, Washing the eyes 2119 as tea LEGUMINOSAE 55 Guinole Acacia cochlia- Branches Kidney ache 213 cantha Humb & cystitis and Deco&ion As tea Bonpl. urethritis 113 59 Tezo Acacia sp. Bark Earache 214 Fried in oil Applied in the Sinusitis 114 ear 94 Tabardillo Caliiandra Root, Kidney ache 14132 Maceration in As tea or instead califomica flower, Cystitis 18132 water or of water until Benth. together Urethritis deco&ion recovery or calculus in l/32 separate liver 127 Calliandra Leg cramp l/32 peninsu~~‘s Rose Toothache 1132 29 Hoja sen Cassia confinis Leaves Purgative 418 Deco&ion As tea Greene Stomach troubles 318 107 chilieote or Erythrina Colcho flubelliforrnis Branches Kidney ache l/2 Roasted Applied to the Kearney Vaginitis area in pain 104 Palo fierro ~thece~~bium Fruit or Poisonous animal 157 Ejotin confine bark stings (snake, bee, 10/13 StandIey scorpion) Deco&ion with As tea or instead of Bruises 1113 Euphorbia spp.
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