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ANCHORS AWEIGH page J 4 F/ELD /N page 2C CONSERVATION VIEWPOINT by ROBERT J. BIBLO Executive Director GETTING INVOLVED

The word Conservation has become a much overworked term in the American vocabulary. It's the "in" thing today to get into the conservation act in some way or other. For many it's not really a matter of doing something, but more like getting on the popular bandwagon and going for a free ride. Less than a decade ago conservationists were afforded little more than lip service by elected officials, industry and the public in general. The problems of water pollution were readily by-passed as being unimportant or economically unsound for industry and municipal gov­ ernment alike. Air pollution control was considered one of those things state and Federal bureaucrats talked about to give the appearance their jobs were important and necessary. In fact almost any conservation measure—sound management of soil, forests, fish and wild­ life, water, air and minerals got the nod of agreement, but were usually forgotten or were dealt a light hand when it came time to provide funds for these programs. Prolonged drought, severe water shortages and raging floods have done much to activate Federal, state and local water management programs. The ugliness of water pollution in virtually every city of size and in some of our most beautiful recreational areas has brought forth cries for water clean-up programs. Foul air and choking smog have forced action to control air pollution before we smother ourselves in a blanket of noxious fumes. Thus, even though a few free riders are jumping on the bandwagon to clean up our air and water and to use our lands and forests and other resources wisely, we can be thank­ ful the bandwagon at last is truly moving. And we are making forward strides in overcom­ ing major air and water pollution problems through outstanding efforts by many industries and communities. However, lest it be forgotten how difficult it was to stir general public awareness and con­ cern for the environment, it should be noted many are still in dissent and are working hard to slowdown the clean-up program. As an example a leading official in a major Pennsylvania city has publicly opposed an in­ creased level of treatment of the sanitary wastes of that city. The added cost to each resi­ dential customer served by the city would annually amount to the cost of a ticket to a "pro" football game. While the evidence against DDT grows and many states have banned its use, there is continued industry denouncement of the massive evidence of the subtle long term damage DDT has caused in our environment. With the clear evidence that the internal combustion engines of hundreds of millions of autos are a major source of air pollution their manufacture continues. Corrective measures will only come with adverse publicity, legislative pressure and strong enforcement measures. Recently a U. S. Congressman, not a Pennsylvanian, in regard to atomic power plants dumping hot water into rivers commented that "if the public is going to have electricity it will have to shut up about ecological conditions." Thus, while the conservation bandwagon is moving, at least in second gear, now is no time to relax our efforts. EXECUTIVE OFFICE PENNSYLVANIA ANGLER Box 1673—Harrisburg, Pa. 17120 Published Monthly by the Executive Director ROBERT J. BIELO PENNSYLVANIA FISH COMMISSION Administrative Secretary COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA RALPH PUTT Assistant Director, Fisheries GORDON L. TREMBLEY Raymond P. Shafer, Governor Assistant Director, Waterways CAPT. C. E. LEISING • Assistant to Director WARREN W. SINGER Comptroller PENNSYLVANIA FISH COMMISSION K JOHN M. SMITH °IVISIQNS - CLARENCE DIETZ, President Bedford FRANK E. MASLAND, JR., Vice-President Carlisle Education and Training GERARD J. ADAMS Hawley DOUGLAS McWILLIAMS . Bear Gap Division Chief WILLARD T. JOHNS WALLACE C. DEAN Meadville ROBERT M. RANKIN Galeton Special Publications HOWARD R. HEINY . .. Williamsport R. STANLEY SMITH . . Waynesburg George Forrest CALVIN J. KERN Whitehall Audio-Visual Aids Jim Yoder Conservation Education PENNSYLVANIA'S OFFICIAL FISHING AND BOATING MAGAZINE Steve Ulsh "• R. Stackhouse Training School Paul Antolosky, Superintendent Engineering OCTOBER 1969 VOL. 38 NO. 10 Division Chief EDWARD R. MILLER, P.E. IN THIS ISSUE . . . Leader, Plans and Surveys Section Wilbert F. Hobbs 2 LEAKY BOOTS—Letters From Our Readers Leader, Design and Inspection Section Roy R. Frank, P.E. 5 FISHING OUTLOOK—Stan Paulakovich Leader, Construction Section I Eugene B. Smith 6 GLOW WORM BAITS—Don Shiner eader, Maintenance ir Operations Section Edward C. O'Hara 9 THE ACCIDENT REPORTS—Ed Jones Fisheries 10 NIGHTS ARE FOR . . .—Pat Eisenhart Division Chief KEEN BUSS 12 COMING— Assistant Chief, Research Section Arthur Bradford 13 THE PERCA—Bill Miller Assistant Chief, Trout Production A Kenneth Corl 14 ANCHORS AWEIGH—Dean Klinger distant Chief, Warmwater Production Q Shyrl Hood 16 THE KEYSTONE CRAWDAD—Thomas Fegely "operative Nursery Program Coordinator k Robert H. Brown 19 MODERN CAMPINGS—Del & Lois Kerr MTCHERY SUPERINTENDENTS {j^'efonte—George Magargel 20 AFIELD IN FALL—Carsten Ahrens filler Springs—Ray McCreary b tTY, Union City—LeRoy Sorenson j'^ntsdale—Ted Dingle Jr. (acting) 23 NOTES FROM THE STREAMS—Waterways Patrolmen ^lesville—T. L. Clark (acting) jj^ayo—D. Ray Merriman 26 MY HILLBILLY FRIEND—W. W. Singer j^asant Mount—Charles Sanderson ^oldsdale—Warren Hammer 27 FISH TALES—Pictures From Our Readers Law Enforcement 32 CASTING WITH THE CO-OPS—Bill Porter Division Chief HAROLD CORBIN b Regional Supervisors Cover Photo/TOM EGGLER pfSion One NORM SICKLES tL°?e: 814-755-8811 Tionesta 16353 pLgI°n Two JOHN I. BUCK D. THOMAS EGGLER, EDITOR ^°«e: 814-445-4913 Somerset 15501 j>, gion Three CLAIR FLEECER ^'°ne: 717-477-5717 .. Sweet Valley 18656 POSTMASTER: All 3579 forms to be returned to The Haddon Craftsmen, Inc., h, Sion Four MILES WITT 1001 Wyoming Ave., Scranton, Pennsylvania 18509. "°ne: 717-273-2601, Ex. 86, Annville 17003 The PENNSYLVANIA ANGLER is published monthly by the Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Marine Services South Office Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Subscription: One year—$2.00; three years—$5.00; Division Chief 25 cents per single copy. Send check or money order payable to Pennsylvania Fish Commission. PAUL MARTIN, JR. DO NOT SEND STAMPS. Individuals sending cash do so at their own risk. Change of address Technical Services should reach us promptly. Furnish both old and new addresses. Second Class Postage paid at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, or additional mailing offices. Neither Publisher nor Editor will assume Dean Klinger responsibility for unsolicited manuscripts or illustrations while in their possesion or in transit. Per­ mission to reprint will be given provided we receive marked copies and credit is given material or Real Estate illustrations. Communications pertaining to manuscripts, material or illustrations should be addressed Division Chief to the Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Box 1673, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. NOTICE: Subscriptions PAUL O'BRIEN received after the 10th of each month will begin with the second month following. EXCELLENT EDITORIAL Gentlemen: Excellent! That's the opinion of fellow Trout Unlimited member5 who read "Conservation Viewpoint" by director Rob^ J. Bielo in the July issue of the Pennsylvania Angler. c As President of the Allegheny Mountain Chapter ° r^MoNn/Ly m\f_ "_ j^g. Trout Unlimited I hope the article helps the Fish CoP1' mission as a whole to develop a more definite position ol1 matters of this type and importance throughout the entire BAIT STORIES, PLEASE state. 1 believe we owe this to our children, and thelf Gentlemen: children. I am a new subscriber to the Pennsylvania Angler. The My congratulations. Looking forward to many reason I became a subscriber is that I read the Angler at more different times at a relative's house. He told me what a stories of this caliber. good magazine it was and, that as a fisherman, I should Terry Carlson, Publisher get it every month. Sykesville Post-Dispatch Every issue I read from cover to back and I like it President Allegheny Mountain Chapter very much, but one thing bugs me. Surely there must be Trout Unlimited some other form of fishing than fly fishing. I have nothing Sykesville, Pa. 15865 against fly fishing. I think it's a wonderful way to fish, but what about all the spin and bait fishermen? I would venture RIDICULOUS LETTERS to say that there are far more spin and bait fishermen (I Gentlemen: stand to be corrected). Every story I read in the Angler on trout—or any other fish—nine times out of ten will be I have read many ridiculous letters in your "Lea"' about fly fishing. I like to fish with live bait and at times Boots" section. I would like to review these letters fr° I like to spin. I know there is an awful lot of money spent a "kid's" point of view. each year in Pennsylvania on bait and lures, so how about First, I agree wholeheartedly with Steve Valencic's lette some stories for us bait and spin fishermen? I will not be a in the July issue of the "Angler." I believe that if someoi,e subscriber very long if I must always read about fly fishing. has enough money to own a boat, he should also be able I want you to know I'm not knocking fly fishing, but by afford to subscribe to a separate boating magazine. the same token it seems to me that you do not approve of Second the idea of a trout stamp is absurd. This W0° anything but fly fishing as you have places where you can surely stop kids from a lot of fishing. What would a fa* fly fish only. How about some places for bait and spin boy do if he wanted to go fishing and the only stre^ fishermen only? Hoping to hear something on bait and spin around had only trout in it? Many times transportation . fishing soon. another body of water is not available. The ironic part Ernest Bonaddio, Pittsburgh this is that these same people who push this trout staJfj are the ones who are against "fish hogs." This makes '" hogs" of them. Another disturbing fact is the growing controversy °v, what is the best way to fish—fly rod or spinning rod. Cai1 these rivals get together? All tackle has its own specl. merits which makes each worthwhile. I caught a 13 i° , brookie last week on the very thing these aristocrats W* never think of using (a worm). f I also get sick of hearing about polluted Lake Enfi' agree that something should be done about the polluti" However, the lake still harbors the largest edible fish Pennsylvania. Although many refuse to face it, the »a holds the best big game fishing in Pennsylvania. There! I disagree entirely with Ronald E. Poust's letter in April, 1969 issue. , I enjoyed and completely agreed with Mr. Naught" letter in the April issue. in" And last but not least I would like to see the minim sizes for Citations appear more often and would like "School's Out" brought back. Steve Ebner, Tionesta

PENNSYLVANIA A N G L » mHERKID SPEAKS BAIT EXPEB1MENT D ear Sirs: Gentlemen: I'd like to comment about Mr. Jerome Grehl's letter to I have long felt that the best solution to increased fishing Leaky Boots" in the July issue—about the trout stamp to pressure is more fish-for-fun projects but at least some of §et rid of fish hogs and kids. Mr. Grehl is probably the nrs these projects should be extended to include bait fisher­ t one to growl when he sees the long-haired hippie. So men. If proper techniques are used the mortality rate of | Would like to ask Mr. Grehl if he would sooner see a kid released, bait-caught trout could be held at an acceptable e a bum or a fisherman? You can do bad being a bum but level. To prove my opinion I decided to conduct an experi­ ^hat are you hurting being a Rsheikid? Mr. Grehl would ment on the mortality rate of released trout caught by the Probably be cutting his own neck with the stamp. It is use of natural bait. People like Mr. Grehl that makes the young people turn bad. Last year I wrote to you for help and Mr. Delano R. A 12 year old kid. Graff of your Benner Springs Research Staff helped me. Jay E. Brenner, Conestoga Among the information he provided was a reprint of an experiment by Mason and Hunt. They found that 66 per­ KIDS FISHING cent of 200 deeply hooked trout released without the re­ Ge ntlemen: moval of a size 8 hook survived the four months until Must be your reader Jerome Grehl of Easton (July, the end of the experiment. Only 11.5 percent of 200 ^eaky Boots) never was a kid himself. No wonder the trout survived from which hooks were removed. The aver­ Was are delinquent if they never get anything but second age fish size was 5.7 inches. It was clear that deeply best I wonder if that man ever sired a kid? What a h— hooked trout should be released by cutting the leader at F a way to feel or attitude to take. He might better quit the jaw. This can easily be done by using a pair of finger­ *« bitching and take a couple of kids fishing. I personally nail clippers. 'hink after some 48 years of fishing that the trout fishing Could the use of smaller hooks also lower the mortality s * Way over-rated for what you get out of it. I do feel the rate? During the spring and summer of last year I con­ hm.it could be cut but you can always release a fish, 90% of ducted my experiment by catching, tagging, and releasing 16 J* time anyway. Still a big creel full of trout, small or trout into a private pond. The fish were then caught and bl g, seems to build the ego of some people. When you start released under fish-for-sport conditions. A fish caught hgUring on charging for every little fun the people have, again two weeks after it had been deeply hooked was 11 soon comes out that the affluent society enjoys it, while considered as surviving the first catch. Sick fish that could 5* working man, as they would say, "Let Them Eat Cake." be caught by hand and dead fish were removed and Hial Potter, Jamestown, N. Y. autopsied. Records were kept of all fish involved. Size 6 and 8 hooks were matched against size 12 and 14. Size | SALUTE— 10 hooks were used as the control group. The results were: Gentlemen: Deeply Hooked Superficially Hooked I should have done this long ago, for it is far overdue— Hook Size Number Mortality Number Mortality his letter is a public salute and a warm thanks to acting Large 6-8 29 6 27 0 Waterways Patrolman Joseph Kopena and his deputies of Small 12-14 25 1 33 0 °rest and Clarion Counties. Control 10 12 1 24 0 „ Joe and his men are tireless workers, and, as a fervent The average mortality size of fish was 11.9 inches. hsherwoman" I, and many fishing friends are grateful to I believe that with the proper regulations on fish hook '°e and his deputies for the superb job they are doing. size and method of release you could not only extend bait Their "war on litter" is certainly helping to keep this fishing to some fish-for-fun projects, but also they could be Slnall section of America beautiful and I sincerely thank used to create put, play, and take fishing projects. Bait "em for the fine job they do in fish stocking and in at- fishing on a fish-for-fun basis could be tested several hours empting to thwart stream pollution, to name just a few. to several weeks following a stocking, after which fishermen As a final word—Joe's constant attention to duty is one could catch and keep trout as usual. of his most admirable traits and I dare say that his friends Thomas R. Beninsky, Ringtown are legend and his only critics are those he's "caught." Mrs. Dolores R. Lyons, Clarion DEAD SNAKES—OR FISH Gentlemen: T 00 MUCH BOATING! In reply to Mr. Tom Fegley's letter in the June Leaky Boots section it is interesting to note he finds this magazine kear Sirs: such enjoyable reading as it contains pages of dead fish There is entirely too much boating in what used to be a ft pictures every month. It is rather difficult to understand ne fishing magazine, "The Pennsylvania Angler." I per- that these photos don't appear to bother him, yet he be­ 0tially believe that most fishermen are not interested in came highly upset and irritable at the sight of a picture of PoWer boating and water skiing. As I am very much in­ a dead copperhead snake I submitted. vested in the fish policies of the Commission, and the I personally don't kill fish but use barbless hooks in my lljiited fishing articles appearing in the "Angler" are still flies and bugs and return them to the water although I am *cellent, I will continue to subscribe under protest. John C. Redman, Gibsonia continued on next page

CTOB ER —1 969 3 BEYOND HOPES Gentlemen: I am a native of Hanover and feel that I must commend the Pennsylvania Fish Commission on opening an entirely new era and concept of fishing in our locale. Over the years I have not been an avid fisherman, but 1 have been active and very much interested in seeing other people enjoy this relaxing and wonderful sport. gHQltfHvi )ki\^ °~ J5^ In the last few years strides have been taken beyond my fond hopes, to provide fishing near our town. Suddenly within fifteen minutes of my home, we have Lawrence continued from previous page Baker, Sheppard Dam on the Long Arm Creek, Haldemans Pond and Codorus Park Lake, all well stocked with a tolerant of my fellow anglers who do kill their catch how­ balanced variety of fish. I am getting out the rods and reels ever. of my family again. Perhaps Mr. Fegley will ponder this, then decide to Very simply, I am trying to say "THANK YOU" for send letters to the angler scolding the fishermen who kill a well planned program. their catch—ha! Raymon J. Dubs, president Edwin F. Beistel, Sunbury Hanover Water Commission HELPFUL LADY— Hanover Gentlemen: NUMEROUS MUSKIES Last spring, I was fortunate enough to catch a nice Dear Sir: musky. It was most pleasurable to have my eleven-year-old I haven't been doing much musky fishing lately but I got son along and to see the look of awe on his face. It was a lucky a few weeks ago and would now like to join the nice fish, which you permitted me to brag about by print­ Husky Musky Club. This musky was 40M inches long and ing its picture. weighed 17% pounds. The fish was taken on a spoon in the But a part of the story has never been told, and I think Allegheny River near Clinton. I have caught larger muskies it should be. It's about the lady in a boat half-way across in the past, but not since the Husky Musky Club started. the lake who was watching the batde and hollered to ask This was my 175th musky taken in good old Pennsylvania if I'd like to use her large landing net. I had one, but not since 1955. Quite a few I have released. My best day °n large enough for that musky. I told her I sure could use her the Allegheny River produced 6 muskies and a coundess "Whopper" net. As I glanced over my shoulder, I noted number of days showed nothing but a lot of good exercise, that the man who was handling her boat was rowing as fast sunshine, rain, and plenty of fresh air. as he could and I hoped he wouldn't over-exert himself. I would like to add (without trying to sound boastful) They grabbed our boat and handed me the net. After that I caught over 200 this season (released many of them) we landed the fish, the lady told us that people had and think that fishing in Pennsylvania is mighty hard laughed when she bought the net, and her friends had to beat. laughed too, when she put it in the boat that morning. Steve Valencic, Natrona Heights It was certainly kind of her to loan it to us but the sequel came after we got our fish ashore and officially measured. We returned to the lake and then heard that the lady who loaned us the net had occasion to use it herself. She landed a 36 inch musky after we had left. I didn't get her name, but am sure she must read the ANGLER for she seemed to be an avid "fisherwoman." Let me say for her benefit that the fish she caught couldn't have happened to a nicer person. Donald R. Geiss, Mansfield INSTALLMENT FINE Gentlemen: "Wash Away Garbage" on page 20 of the July issue was a good one. The laws should be changed. The property owner who permits or dumps along streams should be penalized at $1,000.00 for each offense, payable in in­ stallments. This way he would long remember what he did. I know a camp in New York State that piles up it waste, downstream, so the high water when it runs will wash away the mess. To top it all, he's one of the town officials. What's more, anyone reporting such disposal methods should get a reward of one third of the fine. Valentine Botka, Jamestown, N. Y. GOT A MINUTE?"

4 PENNSYLVANIA ANGLE*1 FISHING OUTLOOK By.. Stan Paulakovich

along the Delaware River prefer lamprey eels as their top IDEAL OCTOBER choice, for trolling. Spinners like the C.P. Swing or the THE SUCCESS OR FAILURE of a fishing trip too often Mepps, with or without worms attached, have taken many ? measured by the amount of fish caught. A recent vaca- walleye wherever fished. '°n in which relatively few fish were caught provided one Probably the most deadly walleye lure is the "jig." °' the finest angling trips I've ever spent. The mosquitoes Bounced slowly along the bottom, these lead-heads in solid "at seemed to descend each evening just at dusk, the colors, white, yellow or black with the bucktail or marabou ^inds that blew continuously from the wrong direction, tail are killers. Fished in the deeper holes of the river es­ ^e periodic rains and the reluctance of the fish to hit pecially around old abutments or bridge piers and in lakes °°uldn't disrupt the warm friendship and companionship in 15 to 20 foot depths with rocky bottoms will put wall­ "at put having fun first and catching fish secondary. eyes on the stringer. Anglers statewide agree on one thing The month of October offers conditions most ideal of in walleye fishing and that is "work your lure slowly." atly month of the year for fishing. Clear cool days, crisp During October treat yourself to some walleye fishing. evenings and nights are slowly lowering water tempera- Select one of the many areas throughout the state and ^es throughout the state. Fishes as well as other species with a supply of jigs, spinners or bait enjoy some fine fall °f life are now preparing for the long winter ahead. fishing. The handiwork of mother nature is evident in every end of the river or around each point of land. From EXTENDED SEASON— e " stick-out greens of the Pines, Hemlocks and Firs to the Fishermen interested in knowing what streams are open ar ying shades of red, yellow, orange and brown of the to trout fishing under the "extended season" regulation may ec iduous trees, the view of the flaming foliage makes it a request a list of the streams (along with special regula­ P'easure just to be outdoors. tions) by writing: , The sight of a flock of Canadian geese overhead, honk- Extended Season '/*§ their way south and the sudden whoosh of a group of a Conservation/Education Division ' ck Ducks taking off from a hidden cove, add to the ex- cement of the day. The solemn flight of a Blue Heron, Pennsylvania Fish Commission ^e nervous get-away of a pair of Woodies and the noisy, Box 1673 taUcous call of the Little Green Heron you've disturbed Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120 eem to say "Stop Bothering Me." October offers a great variety of fishing throughout the °mmonwealth. Trout are still in season in approved lakes, P°nds, reservoirs and many streams; largemouth bass, small- "touth bass, and the fighting musky are feeding heavily. Probably the most sought after fish now is the walleye, nd for two good reasons. First, the walleye is a voracious eeder during October and will eat anything it can catch. econdly, when it comes to table quality the walleye is nked tops by most anglers. Although preferring cold, clear, moving water with sand ar>d gravel bottom, the walleye has done well in our larger ^Poundments throughout the state. Pymatuming Reser- ^oir and Kinzua Lake in western Pennsylvania, Raystown arn in central Pennsylvania, and Lake Wallenpaupack in e east have excellent walleye fishing accessible to anyone. Although "prime time" is still early morning and late v ening; fishing during the day is usually good. Live bait -3mg methods vary over different sections of the state. "e Allegheny River favorite is the sand pike, or log perch lrmow, with helgrammites second. Black sucker minnows "LET'S GET GOING LOOKS LIKE THEY'RE ^* number one in central Pennsylvania while easterners HITTING TODAY!"

°CTOBER — 1 969 5 IF YOU'RE AN AFTER- DARK FISHERMAN THEN PERHAPS YOU SHOULD TRY SOME OF THOSE . . . GLOW WORM BAITS

by DON SHINE**

EVER USE GLOW WORMS as b^ to catch trout, bass and maybe walley^ and panfish? I mean live worms that gl°^ like neon signs at night? There are insect* of this type in Pennsylvania, though the? are not so plentiful as, say, grasshoppefS; But they are there in moist grass a° AS TWILIGHT fades into darkness, glow worms become active. They are among the leaves, and often on damp banks best baits for night fishing. beside streams. Put one or several worms on your hook and it's like offering honey to bears. There's almost insta*1 action! But if you can't locate live gl°^ bugs, you can use several new lumineS cent plastic baits now on the market »n net about the same results. PENNSYLVANIA ANGL E» I encountered live glow worms numerous times along banks of several upstate trout streams. The first incident took place one evening on Big Fishing Creek located in Columbia County. After an afternoon shower dampened lhe landscape, I decided to have a go at trout. I caught several small ones. As the evening wore on and twilight 'aded, I spied two luminescent marks on the bank beside ^e as I knelt on shore to change fly patterns. On close lnspection, I found the marks to be worms, of some type that gave off visible light, much as fireflies do, only dif- 'erence being that the luminescence of these worms re­ gained at a constant intensity. I experimentally tossed t"em into the stream. They were promptly seized by trout. f«inking that I found a good bait, I searched the stream hank for more glow worms. There were no more to be had. On another occasion, while fishing a tributary stream, I '°und more glow worms. There were four of them in all, resting on small pieces of limbs partly imbedded in soft ^ud. This time I knew exactly what to do. I impaled all *°ur, one at a time, on my hook and drifted them through the deep riffle in front of me. I creeled four trout in less htne then it takes to pump a tankful of gas in the old falopyl I searched the bank for more glow worms, but LUMINESCENT BAITS are easily seen at night. again, I found no more. On a third occasion I found glow worms one evening to the skin. While the ocean appears rich in luminous beside the moist edges of a farm pond where we had gone forms, none appear in fresh water, though there are many t° catch frogs. Though we had no tackle along, I tossed luminous organisms on land, the more common being some Several of the worms into the pond. Bass, beneath nearby fungi, beetles, fireflies, "glow worms" and at times some h'y pads, tore into action! earthworms. Obviously glow worms are effective baits for a variety Another authoritative source mentioned a common and S» fish, if—and the if is a big one—you can find them in spectacular luminescent organism known as the "click sufficient quantity. But they are not plentiful. beetle," Pyrophorus (family Elaterideae) which is found One hears very little, if anything, about this bait. Men­ in some southern states and in both Central and South tion glow worms to most individuals, short of entomolo- America. The thorax of this insect emits a brilliant amber- S&ts, and they are at a loss to know what you mean. In continued on next page tact, even most reference books are sketchy on the topic °* luminous insects and bio-luminescence. FISHERMEN WHO HAVEN'T tried night fishing should give it a try. Often that's when the big ones feed. This field has not been vigorously pursued in the past "V scholars, though a professor at a nearby State College Elated to me that more biologists on the graduate level ^e giving their attention to bio-luminescence in nature, Particularly for their master and doctoral thesis. One source, among numerous references, gave an ac- c°unt on light-producing organisms. It mentioned that

Hile the sun and stars are ordinarily considered the sole s°urces of light, some plants and animals themselves radi- ate this energy. In fact, luminescence, or light production, 's quite an extensive phenomenon in nature. Many organ- 'srns produce chemical substances that in turn produce 'ight perceived by the human eye, and some light waves °o of such length as to be imperceptible to man. There are, for example, many luminous animals in the °cean. These include phyla such as protozoans, jellyfishes, °°rals, squids, starfishes and the like. Sharks are sometimes Utninous on the underside due to the presence of many Striall light-producing organisms which attach themselves

°CTOBER —1 969 continued to their soft plastic dew worms. When activated with lig"1 from from a flashlight or headlight of a car, the plastic worrns previous give off a soft, subdued light. These artificial "glow worms page are effective when trolling in deep water for walleyes. The luminous worms are apparently more visible and at greater distances in dark water than are ordinary plastic worm GLOW baits. They are also effective for trout at night when eft WORM into smaller sizes or portions. There are two other luminous plastic baits on the market that do a pretty good job of imitating the live glow wormS' BAITS One is the "firebug" manufactured by Phillips Fly & Tackle Co. of Alexandria, Pa. Another is a small two-inch long plastic worm made by Ernie Davis of Davis' Tackle Shop* R.D. 1, Bloomsburg, Pa. Both of these baits begin to ap' s LARGE PLASTIC proach the size and luminous color of the live glow worm dew worms, of the which I've encountered. Both are effective for trout and luminous variety, catch walleyes fallfish, including bass, at twilight, night and in dense at night and during shade during the day. the day in deep a waters. The Phillips' "firebug" is basically a streamer fly with glow-by-night plastic body and phosphorescent strip °' colored light on dark, damp nights. Another insect, found flexible plastic tied in among the long tail feathers. The in Paraguay, and called the Paraguay beetle, looks some­ small hard plastic body and long feather tail give a good thing like a railroad signal because it emits red light at representation of a minnow during the day. After dark' both anterior and posterior end, and green light in the when activated with light, the body gives a ghosdy glow w thorax in between—about as odd an insect as found any­ light not unlike that of a glow worm. where in the world. The glow-bait, made by Ernie Davis in his sport shop' The glow worms which I found on those numerous oc­ is a scaled-down model of the larger soft plastic dev^ casions in all probability are females of some specie of worm. It is about two-inches in length, molded over a long fireflies. They hatch from eggs and remain wingless, matur­ shank, gold plated hook. The yellow to cream colored ing as larvae in form and producing light primarily as a plastic worm appears in daylight to be a larvae that bores means of attracting mates. Several sources refer to these as into rotting trees and wood and matures into one of the "glow worms," and they perhaps form the basis of the song varieties of June bugs or "pinching" beetles. At nigl^' "The Glow Worm" that was popular quite a number of when activated with light, they glow much like real glo^ years ago. worms. The Davis glow-baits are effective day or night on The production of light in insects is not completely the trout stream. e understood, but it is currently being investigated by sev­ Doubtlessly there are other plastic baits that resembl eral noted scientists. It is thought to be associated with and glow like live glow worms. They're probably effective oxidation and brought about by enzymatic action on pro­ too for a variety of fresh and salt water fish. With severa' f tein substances in the presence of oxygen. of these tucked into a pocket box, the fisherman does nO 8 The whole point in mentioning this is to show that need to rely on the chance finding of a few glow worrfl luminous insects are not foreign to fish. When available, on the stream bank to experience exciting night fishing. they may form a part of the diet of those fish which re­ It is intriguing to fish at night as most who have tried * e main active at night—big browns, bass and perhaps wall­ will agree. As the blackness of night moves in to obscui r eyes too. the stream, the sense of hearing and feeling takes over f° s If glow worms were more plentiful, fishermen would be sight. It is then that fireflies flash their Morse-code in weed hard put to find better baits. But, alas, they are not, or so along shore, and glow worms put on their brightest gl0W< e my findings would indicate. Fishermen do well to find even And there are moments, such as when fish splash on th a few when climatic conditions are right. surface, that raise the hackles on your neck. Once the feve' But this is no drawback. I've found, during the past of night fishing takes hold, it's hard to shake it loose. year or two, that one does not need to rely on the chance Fishing with glow worms at night also give the fishe*' finding of a glow worm or two in order to use luminescent man the advantage of knowing where his cast splasheS baits. There are now numerous luminous baits on the down in the ink-blackness. And there are times when h market that do almost as well. There are, for example, the can observe the glowing lure as it progresses on its dri* soft plastic baits molded to imitate large dew worms. One downstream. It is exciting to have the glowing-light e*' firm, namely DeLong Lures Inc., 85 Compark Road, tinguished as it disappears between jaws of an arm-lon» Centerville, Ohio, currendy adds phosphorescent chemicals trout.

8 PENNSYLVANIA ANGLE WATERWAY SAFETY- THE ACCIDENT

REPORTS EACH YEAR collisions occur on Pennsylvania's waterways when operators fail to watch where they are headed. If that power boat doesn't hit the over- loaded canoe it may well swamp it. by ED JONES, Chief Marine Educational Specialist Pennsylvania Fish Commission overestimated their own abilities or of those of their boat. MOST PEOPLE FIND STATISTICS dry and boring, Many underestimated the state of the weather or the body but if you operate a boat in Pennsylvania it might pay of water in which they were boating. y°u to read these statistics and remember them. The greatest amount of fatalities occurred in the month In 1968 there were 72 boating accidents in the Com­ of March (37%). Many of these fatalities, I'm sure, were monwealth involving 89 boats. These accidents resulted caused by the low water temperature. An article in the n 30 deaths. There were also 47 serious injuries and April Angler of this year corners this fact pretty clearly Property damage amounting to $19,800. Unfortunately so I won't go into it here. But try to remember that the lt is very likely that the thirty people who died in boating time of year had a great deal to do with the overall Incidents last year need not have lost their lives if they fatalities in the state. ^ad followed the safety precautions preached year in and I feel that a great percentage of these fatalities oc­ ^ear out by the Coast Guard, Coast Guard Auxiliary, curred because of the resistance boaters have of wearing "°vver Squadrons, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, and life saving devices while boating. What their reasons are "6 other agencies and groups offering instruction and for this resistance no one really knows, but I think the advice to the boating public. biggest two reasons are that (1) the boaters feel that In Pennsylvania 86% of the fatalities occurred on non- by wearing a life jacket he might appear as a greenhorn ldal waters. Many occurred on quiet little bodies of or as a "sissy" or (2) he feels that "it just couldn't hap­ *ater of only a few acres in size, in very peaceful sur- pen to me!" r°Undings. Forty-three percent of the fatalities were be- The fact still remains that most of these people would ^een the ages of 25 years and 50 years—with from 100 be here today, with their families and friends if they had ~J°Urs to 500 hours experience in boating. This would in­ just taken a minute of their time to don a life jacket and dicate that most of the fatalities were not beginners but use more "BOATING SENSE." e P ople who had quite a lot of experience. Please follow the advice of the Pennsylvania Fish Com­ The type of boats most frequently involved were con­ mission—enroll in one of the many safe boating courses ducted of aluminum, 43%, 59% were of open construc- offered throughout the Commonwealth. These are given ion, 64% were less than 16-feet in length, and 66% were by the Coast Guard Auxiliary, The Power Squadrons and Powered by an outboard motor. In 33% of these fatalities the Pennsylvania Fish Commission. The Pennsylvania ^e power of the motor was less than 10 horsepower. Fish Commission offers a short six hour course that will „ There were many causes but the greatest two were not make a better sailor out of you, but will put you on °verloading and improper loading." These two actions the water legally and safer than you probably are now. C£*used 30% of boating fatalities. Many accidents occurred If you are interested in our Safe Boating course, contact l^en people stood up in small boats while fishing, or any of our Waterways Patrolmen or write to the Penn­ ^aned too far over the side while bringing in a catch. I sylvania Fish Commission in care of Watercraft Safety ^•nk it is safe to say that most of these people either Division.

WATERSKIERS probably travel thousands of miles each year while enjoying their sport and while they frequently fall they still aren't involved in as many fatalities as the people who use smaller boats like those shown on the right. IF ANYONE WOULD HAVE TOLD ME a few year* ago that someday I was going to enjoy night fishing, * would have replied "you really know how to hurt a ga'' Nothing is more inviting than my bed and midnight is the time to be in it, not fishing. My sense of touch, sight and hearing are not too acute after 9 P.M. and how I was ever talked into it I'll never understand. My first few experience* were in boats and I inevitably froze. I don't understand why as we are perpetual motion fishermen. We cast, re­ trieve and row to a new spot. It's a continual contest to NIGHTS see who will get the first strike or land the first fish. P°°r fishing doesn't bother me but I'm frequently reminded tha1 I could use the casting practice. That's what comes fron1 ARE FOR being married to a perfectionist. They say that opposite attract but in our case it's ridiculous. I'm an inferior, BJS troverted, paranoic, nonconformist and being female WW1 moods and mannerisms to match the sex, it spells if' perfectionist. To deviate slightiy from the original tale, let me tell y°u about our tackle box. It's beautiful! How many men can describe their's so eloquently? It shines so bright my re' by flection glistens and echoes back. When open it's a treasure PAT EISENHART chest. Each layer contains it's own special lures, spinners, go deepers, surface plugs, jigs, etc. Heaven help any°ne who disarrays them (usually me). Why put the plug bac* in the box and close the lid if I might use it again sometime on the next trip? Why is it so imperative that I close the tackle box? Anyone with two eyes could see that it's ope" so why should he get aggravated if he was dumb enough

10 PENNSYLVANIA ANGLE*1 0 step back and upset it. My ears burn and my face preciates a seven foot spinning rod for her birthday? I r edden when I ponder the things he said. (Jim can become find I can't make myself ecstatic over a fly reel with line Agitated over such minor things and then his vocabulary to match at Christmas especially when they happen to be peonies interspersed with words that wouldn't pass a the ones he has been eying for months. It's not that I don't Hollywood censor). I feel that even the best people make appreciate such gifts but I'd like them more on special "Mistakes. occasions, like the anniversary of the day Isaac Walton But back to night fishing. About two years ago, the first tied his first Royal Coachman. Back to night fishing. ni ght of bass season we went to a local hot spot in our One night we went fishing and the next day I was c °unty. Neither Jim nor I had been there since we were scolding Jim for leaving me alone to fish while he went off children and we had been hearing that the fishing was elsewhere. I asked him how he'd feel if someone came and re S at. About midnight I was fishing a Rebel lure with no walked off with me. I wasn't really frightened (I love the Su ccess and decided to switch to a Crazy Crawler. About quiet and solitude) but I felt he needed to be chastized for "ty second cast the fish struck and when I heard the size his negligence. The children were listening and one asked f*t splashed hard) I was overjoyed. Now all I had to do if I was scared by myself? Jim laughed loudly and replied as ^ land it in the dark, but land it I did—twenty-one "Why should she be? With the amount of clothes she ln ches of bass. A new sport was born for me. After that wears she looks like two men." I thought the remark was We Went night fishing ever opportunity we had. I never highly uncalled for. Granted I'm no beauty queen but a Ca Ught another one that size but I had been convinced true fisherman would understand. Warmth is more im­ "at night is when the big ones prowl. portant than appearance. Right, fellas? The only trouble with this kind of fishing is that we Then too, how can I look glamorous when I'm the litter °'ten wade the water. My boots reach only to my knees bag. Every candy wrapper or cupcake paper goes in my an d so with an encouraging "Come on Honey, the water pockets. I don't mean to get on a soap box but isn't ls n't deep" from Jim I usually find the water reaches my it a shame how, we, the fishermen keep our streams and w aist. This year he suggested that since I was making so lakes? Bet everyone is thinking "not me." Does anyone ttlUc h money writing lies (I think he was referring to my remember as many soda and beer bottles lying around ^gler contributions) I should invest in a pair of waders. when a deposit was required on them? Why leave your W hen I asked their price range and was told the cheap garbage lying on a shore line, the culprit certainly wouldn't ^nes cost about fifteen dollars, I figured the water won't deposit his trash in his living room. Enough complaints. Uf t me for awhile yet. A few weeks ago we decided to try Locust Lake. Jim It's like our fishing licenses. I always buy his for our thought I should scout the area as to twigs, depth, and e bruary wedding anniversary figuring he will retaliate stumps in the event we'd try it at night I wouldn't always Wh mine for Mother's Day. I realize that fishing for trout be hung up. I didn't take any boots but hopped from rock as already begun but it's too cold before May for me. to rock to get near the water. I'd taken my fishing rod n ^ Vhow I wait until the day before the opening of bass and on the second cast the fish struck my black jitterbug. a If son and then go buy my own. When I've told Jim that He began giving a good fight and I was twice as deter­ Ve I bought my license he will reply like a record, "Gee mined to land him after two guys remarked to each other **oney, why didn't you wait, I wanted to buy it for you." "She'll never land that fish. Look at all those stumps." I ^ °W I can never figure out if he's being cute or sly as this jumped from the rock I was standing on, forgetting about as been going on for years. the mire when suddenly I'm ankle deep in mud. But it was Then there's the matter of gifts. What woman truly ap­ worth it to land an eighteen inch bass between two men fishing. They smiled and said "atta girl" but I'll not forget their lack of confidence in my fishing ability. When I showed Jim my fish he beamed proudly but told me from now on I would have to dream up the material for my stories. He wasn't going to provide me with any other op­ portunity to show him up. I said "Come on now, don't be condescending. You still think you're the best fisherman around. Besides, I'm only trying to emulate you." Whereby he replied, "that's the trouble with you and those •#?&' ten dollar words, I never know if what you're saying is good or bad." I have a system for fishing at night. I cast my plug, reel in slack line, let the plug sit until I count to thirty-three (that's how old I am) reel twice (one turn for Jim and one for me) count to sixteen (that's one half of how old I am) hop the plug (the hop is extra) reel twice and count to thirty-three etc. Now, by the time I'm fifty, ac­ cording to my calculations, the fish better strike while the plug is sitting because it sure won't be moving much. If

continued on next page 0 CTOBER — 1 969 11 eagle to hatch eggs in. I tried unsnarling it in the dark continued from with no luck and decided to head for Jim who had the previous page light. Now I'm trailing my jitterbug behind me and walk­ ing along until I came to the light. As soon as I stopped a fish hit the plug. I quickly set the hook and began to NIGHTS reel while the fish kept coming at me until I brought him to the tip of my rod whereby it jumped and was promptly ARE gone. You should have heard Jim. "You call yourself a fisherman. Ha, ha. Don't ever say I taught you that. Bet FOR — that's one fish the readers of the Angler will never read about." You'll notice I rarely mention what Jim catches. If * told you, you wouldn't believe me anyhow. Whenever 1 show friends his fish they invariably remark "Come on Pat, this system doesn't get me any results I just politely switch we know who catches the big ones in your family." I deny plugs with Jim as he always seems to do better than me. this frequently but it's not my fault no one will take my The only trouble is he does just as well with my discarded word for it. Believe me, HE IS A GOOD FISHERMAN- plug. He has to be or I wouldn't go with him. A person is judged What I'm going to tell you now hurts but Jim bet I by the company she keeps. wouldn't have the courage to tell anyone about it. We were With that note I'll end the tale but advise you whole­ night fishing the breast of a dam and after making a long heartedly to try night fishing. You may not have any luc'c cast I discovered I had a bird's nest big enough for an but you'll sure have plenty of fun. COMING - - - Allegheny Muskies Fishermen who enjoy catching Pennsylvania's largest fish—the Muskel- lunge—should find a coming story about fishing for muskies on the Alle­ gheny River interesting. It's written by a highly respected muskie fisherman of northwestern Pennsylvania—Howard Levy of Titusville. It's featured in the coming November issue. Extended Season Trout fishermen still have October to pursue their sport on many streams and lakes throughout the Commonwealth. A list of streams still open is available (see page 5), but anglers should remember the season closes October 31. Fly Tying Feature Tighten your vises! Beginning with the November issue of the Angler fly tyers will find the first of another series of patterns prepared by Chauncy K. Lively whose fly tying series graced our pages last winter. Valuable Roots Wild ginseng was a big source of income for a lot of folks many years ago and, while you probably won't find much anymore, you may find a story about it interesting—it's called "Most Valuable Root," was written by Wilbert N. Savage, and it will appear in the November issue of the Angler!

12 PENNSYLVANIA ANGLE# the PERCA COHO FISHERMEN ON LAKE ERIE this fall may see plenty of this trim vessel as they pursue Pennsylvania's newest sportfish. It's the 49-foot Perca, largest boat operated by the Pennsylvania Fish Commis­ sion. Piloted by Howard Wilson, a former commercial fisherman at Erie, the Perca is assigned to research duties on the big lake with a special assignment at this time of year. Wilson and his crew will be trying to keep track of just where the coho are in the lake. Plans call for relaying information to news media so fishermen can be told where to head for the action. Wilson says the Perca, while not the largest research vessel on the lake, is among the most versatile and well equipped. It is outfitted for both trawling and gill netting and carries a host of electronic gear for research purposes including a highly sensitive Simrad depth recorder which it is hoped may help "show" the crew schools of coho.

HOWARD WILSON, captain ™ the Perca (above) checks j'urirad depth recorder aboard "e 200 horsepower diesel- Powered Perca (right). The y-toot vessel is being used in J* attempt to keep track of j°no in Lake Erie as well as I(* research work.

photos by BILL MILLER

EQUIPMENT shows at stern of Perca (above). Gill nets t*r forked from the port side along open cabin. Wilson's son Daniel ight) is a]s0 a Pennsylvania Fish Commission employee and serves ab°ard the boat.

°CTOBER —1969 THERE'S MORE TO ANCHORING YOUR BOAT THAN JUST TOSSING A PIECE OF SCRAP IRON TIED TO SOME EXTRA ANCHORS CLOTHESLINE OVERBOARD. HERE ARE SOME BASICS ABOUT . . . A WEIGH by DEAN KLINGER Chief Marine Services Specialist Pennsylvania Fish Commission

HEADLINES ARE MADE every time a motor boat is swept over the breast of a dam resulting in death, dis­ appearance or serious injury to any or all passengers. Simple information which could easily prevent all of these accidents never makes front page news and is almost never seen in print. The information I am talking about is how to select and properly use an anchor. Neither State nor Federal regulations list an anchor and sufficient line as required equipment on board any pleasure boat, however, if an accurate count could be made sta­ tistics would probably show that many lives are saved on our waters through the use of anchors each year. A stalled motor on a boat drifting toward any of our many dams will almost certainly mean tragedy unless the boat can be stopped from drifting or the motor restarted in a hurry. But like about everything else in the boating game there is quite a selection of different types of anchors with each one having certain advantages as well as disadvantages. A few of the most commonly used ones and the pros and cons are as follows: MUSHROOM—Very good for use on lakes with stump8 and debris on the bottom where there is no strong current- The weight-to-holding power ratio make this an unsuitable anchor for streams with strong currents. Large (50 pounds and up) mushroom anchors are excellent for many types of permanent moorings because their design permits them to bury themselves in a soft bottom. STOCKLESS (NAVY TYPE)—This is probably the most commonly used anchor on boats under 26 feet i| length. It has good holding power for all around use. The greatest disadvantage of this type anchor is its ability to get hung up permanently in tree stumps and rocks. DONFORTH—Because of its design this type anchor has a better ratio of weight-to-holding power than other anchors. A five to ten pound anchor of this type can very easily hold a boat under 26 feet in length under almost any condition. It is designed with a safety pin making it almost impossible to get hung up permanently. This pin will break when the direction of pull is reversed allowing the anchor to be pulled out backwards. Another advantage of this type anchor is the fact that when not in use it folds flat and takes up very little space. CEMENT BLOCKS AND RAILROAD TRACKS-- Although inexpensive to obtain this type anchor is not

SUSQUEHANNA BOATER Bill Gerhart, lowers a Stockles6 anchor from his small houseboat. This anchor has plenty of hoi"' ing power for the size boat on which it is being used.

PENNSYLVANIA ANGLE? suitable for small boats because of dieir weight-to-holding Power ratio. Not being designed to dig into the bottom of the stream this type must rely entirely on its weight for holding. This increased weight is dangerous when retriev- lng from a small boat because of its tendency to capsize the craft. No matter which type of anchor you choose it will not he satisfactorily efficient unless you have enough line at­ tached and in use. When boating on waters with current and dams it is necessary to carry and use an anchor line ^hich is at least seven times in length as the depth of the ^ater. To properly anchor in 10 feet of water you would r'eed at least 70 feeet of anchor line. By increasing the length of line used the holding power of the anchor is also 'icreased. Nylon line is extremely desirable for use in anchoring hecause of its working elasticity of 15% to 25% which is ^ to 4 times that of manila. The shock absorption capabi­ lities on nylon's inherent elasticity relieve the shock load- lr*g on both the boat and anchor. For the maximum shock Protection use the smallest size line with a sufficient break- 'ng strength factor. One fourth inch nylon line has a hfeaking strength of 1,800 pounds as compared to 650 P°unds breaking strength of manila line to same size in diameter. Dacron, Polypropolene, and other inelastic lines includ- lrig Manila should be avoided for anchor lines whenever Possible. MUSHROOM ANCHOR is fine for holding small craft in still body Nylon resists most rot and decay and often protects of water. Lael Eggler, wife of Pennsylvania Angler editor Tom 'tself from serious chafing by forming its own protective Eggler lowers one from small canoe (above). Care should always |ayer of fuzz. However, it should be protected whenever be taken to "lower" anchors overboard, not just toss them in the water. In picture below Gus Spagnolo, Commander of the 't goes through checks or across sharp edges. A short length Harrisburg River Rescue displays three popular anchors. He's hold­ (2 feet to 4 feet) of light chain at the anchor end of the ing Mushroom while Stockless is in foreground and Danforth behind.

line will protect against bottom chafe and at the same time increases the holding power. The price of nylon line is about four times that of Manila of the same diameter but the increased breaking strength of nylon allows a much smaller diameter line to be used. Considering also that the fact that nylon outlasts Manila in the long run nylon can actually save you money. If you do decide on nylon line there are also a few other items that must be kept in mind. Knots must be secure as this type of fine can slip easily. Usually an extra turn will prevent most knots from loosening themselves; thimbles should be lightly spliced so they do not drop out when the line is stretched; one more trick should be taken in splicing nylon than in Manila; small diameter lines should be stowed out of direct sunlight to prevent fiber damage by ultra violet rays.

BASIC HINTS FOR SAFE ANCHORING 1. Make sure one end of the anchor line is fastened to the anchor and the other end is fastened to the boat. 2. Always lower the anchor slowly—don't throw it over­ board. 3. Always anchor from the bow—the stern has a tendency to pull under in a storm or in strong current. 4. Be sure nobody is standing on top of the anchor line. A foot tangled in the line can be disaster. "•-?•-*.-* 5. Always anchor outside of a busy area or channel.

°CTOBER-—1 969 15 MOST BASS FISHERMEN ARE PROBABp FAMILIAR WITH THIS POPULAR BASi>' CATCHER, BUT IF YOU'RE NOT YOU SHOULD BE. THE KEYSTONE CRAWDAD

by Thomas Fegely

j oil ca e THE CRAWDAD'S eyes and antennae are l° ' ve). the end of short stalks for easy movement (*•" ngt- It swims by rapid downward movements of the ^ tened tail while the pincers and eight other tea" able it to walk along the stream bottom (W***"

PENNSYLVANIA ANGL EP li^AYPKuH ^FTE^ N BATTLE with each other _ , • r . ,„,„ .,ram. with onlyy a missing leg or eye since the winner often has h los e f °, - ^e loser is fortunate to «W£$ ^J tail. At fi, fime they are said to be "in berry." 4bout or dinner (above left). Females attach their crayfish to the underside 01 we Ut a week later the dark eyes of the young begin to appear (above, center and ngnu. The sexes can be recognized easily by the first pair of and FISHERMAN LIKES to sit back occasionally ecalJ abdominal appendages. In the male they are hooked, in bam^ the hot summer days of long ago when, with Oo the female they are not. Mating takes place from spring to y0(I Pole in one hand and a can of worms in the other, head fall. The male deposits a packet of sperm in a special S0 ed for your favorite hole down by the creek. tlmes pocket on the underside of the female. Several weeks later was ? though, they just weren't biting. Then, the pole e she thoroughly cleans her abdominal appendages, or (jf aned against a convenient tree, off came your shoes "swimmerets," and secretes a sticky substance over them. y0u nad WacJ any on) and into the cold, clear water you'd Into this the stored sperm and the eggs are released and itig 6,' g careful not to step on any sharp stones. Turn­ Ve here fertilization takes place. A single female may produce ing r a few flat rocks, you could always count on catch­ 3 0u le from a dozen to several hundred tiny eggs which all re­ er^ ^ P of crayfish. Perhaps you called them "crabs," main attached to her underside. When this occurs the •j^ sh" or "crawdads," depending on where you lived. female is said to be "in berry" since the eggs resemble f crayfish belongs to a group of invertebrate animals CaUed small berries. By rhythmic movements of the swimmerets decapod (ten-footed) crustaceans. His relatives in- the eggs are kept well aerated. In about two weeks they such delicacies as shrimp, crabs and lobsters. In the 1Ssi hatch into baby crayfish which leave after the second or Gre Ppi drainage system and in certain areas of the Lak third molt. In photographing a female crayfish with young iw es, the crayfish itself is eaten although they are attached, I've noticed that a few were disengaged when . larger than the type found in Pennsylvania waters. the female flipped her tail downward to escape my grasp and ^ antennae, large claws, eyes on the end of stalks a s as I reached into the small aquarium. Upon later examina­ pear Pined head give the crayfish a formidable ap- nce tion I noted that the young crayfish crawled back onto the cta^ ' When its watery world is calm and quiet, it female as she rested nearby. In open water, however, it is fl00r backward, forward or sideways across the stream dist unlikely that the small crawdads would return to the °Us 1 urbed, it swims backward rapidly by a vigor- female. They would either be washed away by the swift stone nStr°ke of the tafl- Hidin8 Patiently under flatfish es current or gobbled up by a small fish. aqu ' *he beady-eyed creature waits for a small fish or As the crayfish grows, its outer hard covering becomes too insect t0 ass bv Then with a quick thrust of the pinc ° p - ' small and it must be cast off. Before the "molting" a new laWS the victim is ^s\i% ° ' caught and squeezed to death, outer skeleton has already been formed, although it is much 'akefl' however, the crawdad scavenges the stream or softer than the old one. During this time the crayfish is 00r dec and pinches bits of food from dead animals or Vl especially vulnerable since it cannot pinch and does not feet "8 vegetation. Passing the morsel back to its smaller have the benefit of its hard covering. ia j 'he food is torn into litde pieces and crushed by the W Immediately after molting, the crayfish rarely ventures fore being stuffed int0 the mouth Cravfish are can iibal - - " ,Stic and from beneath its protective rock. At the basal section of 0pp often dine on other smaller relatives as the it JS0^"^ presents itself. They need not drink water since d>ffused directly into the blood. continued on next page

r 17 OBER_i969 tom, that's the best place to fish them. Care must be taken not to let the small crustacean crawl under a rock or tangle the line in bottom litter. Fishing with crawdads is best done with a fly rod al­ VSK^«S4IB ' continued front though a light spinning rig will also serve the purpose- Sinkers and bobbers are not recommended since the cray­ fish should only have enough line to reach the bottom. On a strike the bass must be allowed to run the bait, then hooked a few seconds after the line stops. The tails of large hard-shelled crayfish may be detached . JHW CRAW DAD and used for catfish or as bait for other bottom-feeding species. Collecting and Keeping

each front antenna is a small water-filled sac containing If sections of the crayfish are to be used as bait, tW sensory hairs, among which are fine sand grains placed portions desired can be easily stored in a freezer. On the there by the crayfish. Any movement causes the sand grains other hand, catching and keeping a live supply is not quite to roll over the hairs, thereby serving as an organ of as easy. a balance similar to the semi-circular canals of humans. Crayfish are most easily caught in the ripple area of After molting, these grains of sand are lost and the crayfish stream. Anchoring a minnow sieve across a riffle section also temporarily loses its sense of equilibrium. A college and then stirring up the rocks directly upstream may dis­ professor once substituted iron filings for sand in an lodge quite a few in a short time. The desirable sma" aquarium containing a crayfish that had recently molted. ones are washed into the sieve and the larger ones swim The crayfish picked up the iron filings and maneuvered backwards into the net. them into the sac. When a powerful electromagnet was Since crayfish are nocturnal, a night expedition to * held above the animal it turned over on its back, ap­ nearby stream may prove more beneficial. A flashlight, a parently due to the filings stimulating the sensory hairs small fish net similar to those used in capturing tropica1 which the magnet attracted to the upper portion of the sac. fish and a storage vessel is all that is needed. Upon turning The crayfish also possesses thousands of fine bristles all over rocks and flat stones, the eyes of the crayfish reflect over its antennae, body and appendages. Some are sensi­ light and it is a simple matter to net them. A tin can wit" lS tive to touch and others to chemicals, thereby enabling a one end removed and holes punched in the other end crayfish to detect its surroundings in the dark. Its nocturnal a satisfactory substitute if a net is not readily available. habits also may be due to its light sensitive eyes, especially fitted for darkness. Each eye is made up of thousands of Bring 'Em Back Alive individual lenses, as opposed to the single lens of our eye, Small quantities of crawdads may be kept alive in a con­ adapted to detect the slightest movement of prey or tainer with plenty of wet moss, leaves, grass or die 1*1 enemy. Images are probably viewed as a mosaic pattern. The top of the container should be covered with a heavy The life span of a crayfish is relatively long considering wet cloth or saturated newspaper to prevent evaporation its size and environment. Males generally die at the end and provide extra cooling. Every few days a little frest1 of the second summer while females succumb at the begin­ water should be added. Crayfish cannot be kept in water- ning of the third summer. Few, however, die a natural filled containers unless an aquarium pump is used to re' death since they are an important link in the aquatic food plenish the oxygen used by the crayfish. Crowding i0° chain being fed upon by raccoons, fish, wading birds and many into one bucket or tub results in cannibalism and the turtles. Others are used as bait for trout, bass, catfish and a valuable small ones will be lost. variety of panfish. Soft-shelled specimens should be used first since dier is no way to keep the shell from hardening. Refrigerating Tops as Bass Bait them, however, tends to retard the outer shell's develop­ ment for a short time. In its soft-shelled stage directly after molting, this small Bait buckets must be arranged the same as the storage crustacean is an excellent bait for smallmouth and large- vessel. A few ice cubes beneath the packing material serve mouth bass. During this stage however, the crayfish is vul­ to keep the bait cool and lively during hot summer days- nerable and knows it, seldom venturing from its rocky fortress. This makes the soft-shelled ones especially difficult No Belation to Fish to catch. An alternative is to catch smaller, hard-shelled ones, up The name crayfish originated from the Old French an° to two inches long. Bass will hit these smaller ones in then British "crevisse." The evolution of speech caused tn their hard-shelled phase but tend to pass up the bigger people of England to translate the word "visse" to mean ones. It should be hooked from underneath through one fish. Hence the modification to crayfish. Despite its mis' or two segments of the tail. A size 4 hook is best for small- leading name, this miniature lobster is a member of tJl mouths. Size 2 should be used for largemouths. same group of invertebrates as the spiders and insects an0 Since the natural habitat of the crawfish is on the bot­ is not even remotely related to any of its finny neighbors-

18 PENNSYLVANIA ANGLE MODERN , DEL & LOIS y CAMPING KERR

TENTS utility trailer, for towing ease, but quickly open at the campsite into a large tent with built-in "off-the-ground" CAMPING TODAY RUNS THE GAMUT from sieep- beds. Economy models have only one bed and an on-the- ^g out under the stars with only a simple plastic tarp ground tent on the other side. They retail for approxi­ rain-shield to an ultra-luxurious home on wheels retailing mately $500. for $125,000. There's a type of shelter to please any per­ From here you can go progressively more deluxe by the sonality or pocketbook. addition of built-in conveniences such as sinks, three- Tents, of course, were the earliest heralds of the camp- burner gas ranges, ice boxes and dinette tables which con­ ]ng craze sweeping the country. Inveterate tent campers, vert into additional sleeping space for the larger family. ljke ourselves, still feel this is the only way to really camp. Prices for the most expensive models run in the neighbor­ Styles and types of materials have been revolutionized hood of $1500 to $1700. °yer the last decade or so. Set-up time on most models Continually growing in popularity are the self-contained £as been decreased to ten minutes Or less with pop-up travel trailers which resemble a small motel on wheels. You "berglass or snap-together aluminum frames. can get these in sizes to 25 feet or so, and prices ranging A wide variety of style and shapes are now available. from approximately $1,200 to $10,000 or more depending SeWn-in floors and screened windows and doors with on your individual taste. Larger models, of course, have all ftorm flaps that zipper from the inside keep the tent dry the comforts of home. You will need a very heavy car to u tow the larger models, but a standard V-8 model will ° t Weii ventilated. pull the average size trailer. New blends of materials plus modern improvements jn dry chemicals used for water repellancy make the tents Truck owners can purchase, relatively inexpensively, a 'ghtweight and easy to handle. pick-up unit which can be installed in the truck bed. The por the back packer or boat camper, nylon tents pre- unit has greater mobility than the trailer and passengers par can ride in the rear while the vehicle is in motion. ed specifically for ultra-lightweight camping are an Ic3eal choice. A tent large enough for three adults or two Most models sleep four to six campers. Kitchen facilities |*dults and two children can be carried in a waterproof are usually installed. These units can be removed so that °ag or a backpack. Total weight including aluminum the truck can be used for other purposes when the owner p is not camping. Larger models can be permanently mount­ °le sections which slide together, is only about seven ed to a truck chassis. p°unds and the cost approximately $125. Similar models °r one and two persons are available also. The ultimate in luxury is the motor home, perhaps the fastest growing of all recreational vehicles. Sales have Probably still the most popular styles are the umbrella zoomed from a few thousand only a few years ago to atld the cabin. Both come in a variety of sizes with differ- 50,000 in 1969. ent features available from various manufacturers. Modern These have available just about any feature you would daV umbrella tents have eliminated the center pole, re- wish to have in a home on wheels. Such vehicles are con­ Placing it with an outside corner frame of aluminum. This sidered easier to drive than a car towing a trailer. They Provides much more floor space for arrangement of cots are particularly appealing to those who travel a great deal atld/or sleeping bags as well as additional headroom space. and require deluxe facilities similar to a motel. Prices Variations of the traditional umbrella style provide extra Witl range from a low of perhaps $7000 to a high of $125,000. gs on one, two or all three sides increasing space and Sizes vary from the size of a small trailer to bus length. pr°viding privacy. Motor homes have gained tremendous popularity in Cabin or wall style tents also have aluminum frames e the last few years, but this is not an entirely new concept. 'rminating the need for guy ropes so necessary in old-time Actually the first motor home was built in 1908. A wealthy Models. Rectangular floor space with a consistently high Canadian had a camper body, resembling an old Pullman filing permits easy arrangement of cots and use of the car built on a Packard truck bed. Motor homes never n e\v double and triple decker cots if the group is large. really caught on, however, until just recently. Increased Other popular models offer a molded fiberglass frame leisure time and higher incomes are likely the reason. tll at pops up into a round igloo-shaped tent or a length­ A visit to a sporting goods show or to any well-filled ened version which resembles an old Conestoga wagon. campground should serve to acquaint the beginning * good tent can be purchased for from $50 to $250 de­ camper with a wide variety of homes away from home. pending on individual tastes. Campers, the friendliest people in the world, will be only °r you can have the "outdoorsy" feel of a canvas shelter too happy to tell you why they feel their type of camping ar

c TOBE R —1 969 19 BURDOCK BURS are armed with sturdy hooks that thumb a ride on passing visitors to the fields.

by Carsten Ahrens AFIELD in fall

20 PENNSYLVANIA ANGLE*1 So many things go on in autumn, nature's wrap-up-time 0r the year, that you should get on your walking shoes. A stroll almost anywhere will bring your clothing in contact With certain seeds, and you'll be very conscious of seed Mspersal, that very efficient plan of nature to avoid the crowding together of any one species of plants. Tick trefoil, boot-jacks, cockleburs, stick-tights, and beggar ticks thumb r'aes on hair, fur, wool, or trousers of any mammals that Pass. A cow's tail can become so heavy and matted with a variety of these adhesive brownies that the fly-switching aPpendage cannot fulfill its ordinary function! Other plants equip their seeds with puffs (thistles, milk­ weeds ), or parachutes (dandelions) that silver the autumn arr- Some (lotuses) have their extremely hard shelled seeds M a tough container that can float. Many seeds (apple or "azelnut) are enclosed in tasty fruit or shells that animals "ftd so tempting that they carry these delicacies away to eat in private or to stash away for future meals. A few \touch-me-not, witch hazel) have mechanical devices to elect the seed suddenly away from the parent plant.

. . . that itch to travel . . .

While the seeds are flying, many birds are waiting some Mysterious summons to migrate to the ancestral wintering bounds off to the south. Each species has its Shangra La: chirnney swifts head for Peru; golden plovers to the pole­ ward reaches of South America. Unlike their long awaited THE WITCH HAZEL (above) is unique in that its blossoms ap­ s pear after frosts kill other flowers. A built-in device shoots the Pring returning, their fall migration sort of slips up on me. seeds away from the parent plant. *he bands of grackles, redwing blackbirds, mourning cloves, martins and the other swallows slowly increase in ^Umbers, dotting the lawn, filling the trees, or lining the continued on next page telly wires; then, one day they're gone. Quite as dramatic, if you can anticipate them, is the THE COMMON DRAGONFLY, first to appear in the spring and Passing through, the silent migration, of the black-and-red last to be seen in the fall, is one of the few insects that migrate. Monarch butterflies, and the big dragonflies known as the Sreen darners" or to science as Anax Junius. On Septem­ ber 23, 1967 and on September 26, 1968, I was at my °arnp when for several hours the sky as far as I could see, ^P and around me, was agleam with the glassy wings of Wese handsome "snakefeeders," "devil's darning needles," Mosquito hawks," or whatever you call them. They were 0ri their way from Canada to no one seems to know where. Wished for a helicopter, plenty of gasoline, and time, so Mat I could gypsy along with them and learn their desti- nation.

. . . the stay-at-homes work, too . . .

For animals that don't migrate, autumn is also a busy Mile. The ground hog eats himself into a waddling mass ^efore retiring for his marathon winter nap. One, last fall, discovering that paper was a good insulator, made many '*Ps to my trash barrel and dragged big balls of crumpled JM newspaper to his den. The strong wind gave the il- Usion that the "chuck" was semi-sailing. The fox squirrels are all business in the shagbarks. Up here, they pick the hickory nuts, remove and drop the °ur pieces of the shell, then carry the white nut to a tree c^vity or bury it shallowly near by. Muskrats are busy ^ashing and storing corms and bulbs of water plants and,

°CTOBE R—1 969 21 continued from previous page winterizing the buds for next year's new twigs, leaves, and blossoms (fruit). At least ninety percent of any healthy- mature tree is composed of dead cells. The hope of next AFIELD IN FALL year's growth is in these buds. Next time you pass a silver maple, stop and check on the neat packaging job thats been done on every bud. occasionally, corn-on-the-cob. Other rodents: mice, chip­ Down below, autumn's flower show glows. Pastures, munks, gophers, and beavers, find storage space in lodge or swamps, fence rows, and even last summer's harvested den while food is abundant. Those bats that do not migrate, fields have been taken over by the year's final bloomers^ suspend themselves, head downward, in some dry, shel­ There are dozens of species of asters (not always blue) tered place. and goldenrods (not always yellow), fireweeds, wild let' Coldblooded reptiles, amphibians, and some fish undergo tuce, evening primroses, Joe-Pye and iron weeds, boneset a hibernation so complete that only the proper tempera­ and blazing stars, and many otiiers, chiefly members of the ture of next year will restore them to an awareness of their composite family. After frosts have killed the flowers, the surroundings. Insects overwinter in the egg stage, or fronds of club mosses (ground pines) and the Christmas hibernate in the larval form as grubs or naiads, in the pupa fern will keep green until well into the new year. within cocoons or chrysalids, and as adults. The worker- Coming along in the cold, when only a few leaves are caste of hornets and yellowjackets search for applejack left clinging to their boughs, are the spidery, yello^ or other fermented juices to make their last days alive less flowers of the witch hazel. Though seemingly out of season, grim, but first they tuck away in a safe place the fertilized they are a delight for they glow in the gloom of fall. Its queens who will start new colonies when spring returns. too bad that a plant more native to our state than William Penn is recognized by so few Pennsylvanians. Last October ... in leaf-turning time . . . from a thicket of these sturdy shrubs on my lot, I took an armful of blossoming branches to a church dinner. Only Meanwhile the leaves of the deciduous trees and shrubs one person, a boy scout, knew what it was; the rest show up briefly in their true colors. In autumn, the green thought it an artificial ornament. chlorophyll drains from the leaves; bright pigments that have been underneath all the time but were masked by . . . fall fishin' . . . the green, now gleam, and surely in Pennsylvania we have what seem to be painted forests. Adjectives become futile More and more people are looking to autumn week-ends to give someone, say from Oregon, an adequate idea of the as other chances to use the tent and camper. It's really a riot of leaf coloration that autumn reveals in our state. In­ good time of the year: fish are usually hungry, the sun has cidentally, this is a good time to study leaves. You don't lost its burn, annoying insects are less numerous, and have to climb to get them; they are soon all about your campgrounds uncrowded. Try it; you'll pick up some stick' feet. tights, but you'll make some new wildlife acquaintances' But while this color festival is in progress, nature isn't You might even see and hear, overhead, a migrating flignt loafing. She is doing the neatest kind of a job wrapping and of wild geese.

CAN YOU IDENTIFY THESE LEAVES?

1. 7. 2. 8. 3. 9. 4. 10. 5. 11. 6. 12.

'SBiJBSSBg "l\ •ajdBjM pay -9 •aidBj^j jBgng -g 'TO u!d '01 •uadsy paipooj_ 3;g 'f - •ui[g uBauamy •£ •iCjjaq5|DBj4 6 •ajouiBaAg uBauauiy -j> •JBldOJ M.O[T3A '8 •pooMssBg uBouauiy -\ •uinj) laaMg •£

22 PENNSYLVANIA A N G L E p sJS* FROM THE ^TOIEAIVI^ n * A **

&OG FOOD— the neighbor. "I didn't know you raced fish. Let us know Through the efforts of the Dunlo Sportsmen's Coopera­ when you're finished so we can come and watch."—Water­ te Nursery, and the St. Clair-Tremont Sportsmen, Gray ways Patrolman G. W. FRANK KANN (Sullivan and Ly­ ^un was recently stocked with trout. This provided the coming Counties). area youngsters with some fine fishing. As I was walking UP along the stream, a boy about eight years old came TASTER'S CHOICE piking toward me. He had a Ashless fish chain around • I know that animals and birds can be quite selective in Is ^ Waist, his fishing rod in one hand and a dog on a leash choosing the materials they use for nest building. This 111 the other. I asked if he'd had any luck, and he quickly incident, however, proves just how selective they can be. Replied "Yes I caught six, but he ate 'em all." With that, Last spring while in the process of taking my patrol boat e gave the dog a very nasty look and continued on his out of winter storage to prepare it for the upcoming boat­ w ay.-_Waterways Patrolman ANTHONY MVRAWSKI ing season, I removed the canvas cover and much to my 'Cambria County). dismay found the boat a mess. Apparently red squirrels found that the flotation material in the life saving devices U MG ONE" was just the thing to line their nests. The funny part of the One of my deputies recendy tied into a "big one" while story is that out of six different life saving devices, manu­ "shing a local quarry. Upon arriving at the quarry, he factured by three different companies, they used only two °°ked over the area and all was calm with nobody in sight. of the devices—both from the same manufacturer. Perhaps H6 rigged up his spinning outfit with a spinner and began I should write the company and suggest that if the boaters Casting. Shortly thereafter, he felt a tug and began reeling are not buying their product, they might open a new mar­ 11 the line and much to his surprise, a scuba diver came ket with the red squirrels.—Waterways Patrolman JAMES 0 the surface with the lure sticking in the backside of his T. VALENTINE (Huntingdon and Fulton Counties). et suit. Needless to say, the diver wasn't overcome with r9 about the whole thing.—Waterways Patrolman R. A. WET WOODCHUCK 6 El>NARCHIK (Chester and Delaware Counties). • While on boating patrol on the Monongahela River, I noticed something that appeared to be floating about mid­ pSH RACES? way in the river. Upon closer investigation it was found to The Consolidated Sportsmen of Muncy Creek are build­ be a woodchuck swimming for the opposite shore. The river ing at this point is about 125 yards wide and with the heavy a raceway on Glen Faus's property at Hughesville, for boating traffic the woodchuck was having quite a struggle. Co-op nursery. Mrs. Faus told me this story. She was We escorted the woodchuck to the shore, where he seemed l °Pping in Hughesville one evening when a neighbor ac to be completely exhausted. Must be that old river was a *y said she saw a back-hoe working on the Faus's prop- er little wider than it looked.—Waterways Patrolman WIL­ ty. The neighbor wanted to know what they were build- LIAM MANTZELL (Washington and Greene Counties). ??• Mrs. Faus said "a fish raceway"—"no kidding" said

0 cTOB ER — 1 969 23 continued from previous page TRAVELING EEL • While showing a live fish exhibit at the Lancaster STREAM NOTES Sports and Hobby Show last spring, we had a problem with an eel. Upon putting the live fish in the exhibit tanks, MOMMAS LEARNING it immediately became apparent that the eel wanted out • Twice last winter while instructing the Fundamental of and was doing his best to get out. After securing the top we Basic Fishing Course prepared and given by the Pennsyl­ of the tank so he couldn't get out (so we thought), vania Fish Commission I had ladies in the classes who continued to finish erecting the display. That evening were learning how to fish, so they could instruct their chil­ before leaving we asked the night watchman if he would dren.— Waterways Patrolman HARLAND F. REYNOLDS keep an eye on the exhibit. Upon arriving the following (Wayne County). morning I received the following story: About an houf after we left, the night watchman checked the exhibit— STRINGER FULL at first everything seemed in order, but on second glance • I have witnessed just about every use that a person could he noticed the eel was missing. Calling on reinforcements use a stringer for, but on the 13th day of April I noticed a the hunt began for the eel which finally was found near man carrying something from the Stevenson Dam on a the door, hiding in a corner (as if he knew they were stringer. Deputy Swank and I stopped and waited for the searching for him). I might add the door he had headed man to make his way to the auto. Upon arriving I could see for was in the general direction of the Susquehanna River- that he had about 15 aluminum beverage cans on the To continue with the story, the eel was too dirty to retufl1 stringer. I was about to compliment him for picking up to the exhibit tank, so his captors decided to wash him °* his cans, when I noticed that the cans were old ones. I —everything worked fine until the dirt, sand, etc. ^aS asked him to see his fish but he had none. He was a little washed from his body and then no one could hold onto upset at the mess he had found at his favorite fishing spot him. Finally someone corraled him in a bucket and hnr' and spent some of his fishing time gathering and stringing ried him into a tank, secured the lid much better than the cans up. Wish more sportsmen had the same outlook. before and retired for the night.—Waterways Patrolm^ —Waterways Patrolman STANLEY HASTINGS (Cameron SAMUEL W. HALL (Lancaster and Lebanon Counties)' County). LOUD MOUTH JUST PRACTICE • During a lecture to the fourth grade at the Third War" • On a preseason patrol of Indian Creek just a couple of School in New Brighton, a largemouth bass appeared

HEAVY LINE NEEDED! ( • It was reported to me by a local sporting goods deale that a fisherman came into his store and requested to pu chase a line of 25 pound test, or even heavier if possible He stated that he had been fishing Brady's Lake in Monr° County and had lost several large fish. Could be that n had hold of some rather large muskies.—Waterways Patf° man WALTER J. BURKHART (Monroe County).

DISTRAUGHT DUCK r • Special Fish Warden James Hadley talked to an ang'e from the Blossburg area who had a surprise on Blockhouse Creek early in June. The angler was working his way to pool that he knew held a big trout, when he saw son1 small ducklings and a mother duck on the water. Tn 24 PENNSYLVANIA ANGLE Mother duck was acting in an odd sort of way and he 'nought it was just to take his attention away from her 'Oung. He sat on the bank and watched the show for s°rne time until finally the duck and her brood left. The Ucky angler was really in for a good day when he hooked atld landed a fine 18 inch brown trout from the pool. w"en he cleaned it he found what had been disturbing Mother duck. He found a small duckling in the stomach! "-Waterways Patrolman RAYMOND HOOVER (Tioga County). fWO SIDES— During the month of June many campers were utilizing he camping areas in my district. During one of my patrols * an access area on Keystone Lake where there is no camp- ln§ permitted, I observed a family and several young lads Camping on the access area. I then had to do one of the °ugh parts of my job in telling them that camping was not Permitted in this area. After I informed them of this I was fitting in my auto taking a few notes when three of the ads, ages about 9 and 10 walked by my auto. They didn't ealize I was the person who told them about camping. ^ne lad remarked "I am sure glad that guy came along, I 'dn't like it here anyway." So I guess I pleased somebody "OH, I'M JUST FISHING FOR EELS." at that.—Waterways Patrolman ALLEN G. STIFFLER Indiana County). problem of access for the angler and the boater. However, with the acquisition and development of six beautiful MAPPY TRIP" access sites by the Fish Commission, this problem has been Recently Special Waterways Patrolman Don Hoffman gready alleviated. One cannot help but feel very proud of atld I were patrolling the Monongahela River near Eliza- all the favorable comments received concerning this phase eth when we observed a boater in a 28 foot cruiser throw of the Fish Commission's overall program to serve the fish­ a beer bottle overboard. Don and I picked up the floating ermen and the boaters.—Waterways Patrolman RICHARD °ttle from the water and continued to go about the neces- OWENS (Mifflin and Juniata Counties). arV procedure in order to stop a moving vessel. As we J-arne alongside the unlucky boater, who was now also un- ROAD FISHING! *aPpy, he growled "What the #•!$«*!-? do you want?" • While on patrol of the East Branch of the Tunkhannock fficer Hoffman and myself never said a word; I just Creek, accompanied by Game Protector Altmiller, we came e'd up the empty bottle. The unhappy boater looked across a car with the trunk opened. The weather was very a°Wn over the side of his cruiser and said "GUILTY." I poor with rain coming down like cats and dogs. As we ^n boarded his boat and completed a boarding form and were passing the car which was parked by a bridge abut­ eturned to my patrol vessel. As we were about to pull ment, we saw rods sticking out of the trunk. Game Pro­ aPart, Deputy Hoffman said "Have a safe and happy trip tector Altmiller backed the car up so we could investigate. Priver." This is when the lady of the boat came into We found two men in the trunk fishing contentedly. We a cti0n. "I hope you get a cinder in your eye," she shouted checked their licenses, which were in fine order. As we ^s We shoved off.—Waterways Patrolman JAMES R. drove away Game Protector said he saw a lot of road WITH (Allegheny County). hunting in his days, but this is the first time he ever saw anybody ROAD FISHING!— Waterways Patrolman ^EEN STAMPS! ROBERT E. FASCHING (Lackawanna County). r During May I arrested a man for three short trout. After e HOUSEWIFE OR HUSRAND , Paid his fine on a Field Receipt to the amount of $30.00, • While on routine patrol on the Shenango River near e suggested that we give out green stamps with our Jamestown, I observed a family group fishing. As I ap­ ^eipts. He said for $30.00 at a grocery store he would proached, the wife hurriedly walked to the car. When I ave a nice lot of stamps. I told him I'd pass the suggestion checked the man's license it seemed to me that he had I0tlr g and would probably get a promotion for it—he left th quite an unusual occupation. When I asked him if he had e scene happy as a lark.—Waterways Patrolman KEN- this job long, he said, "For a number of years." When I ^TH ALEY (Potter County). showed him the license he realized that he had accidentally picked his wife's license and that the occupation was feCESS AREAS— "housewife." At this time his wife approached with his Being richly blessed in Mifflin and Juniata Counties with license and we all had quite a chuckle.—Waterways Patrol­ Ce'lent warm water fishing, there has always been the man WARREN L. BEAVER (West Crawford County).

C TOBER— 1 969 25 MY HILLBILLY FRIEND

I call a very close associate of mine . . . my hillbilly As the light swiftly dimmed the night sounds took over friend ... not to reveal his real name. He lives on a small, the world. The drone of insects, the croak of frogs, the sparsely settled hillside mountain farm. He has a few far-off hoot of an owl, the splash of a bass chasing minnows cattle, a horse, tractor and the equipment a small farm m the pond, the whisper of an evening breeze in the hem- demands. locks. All contributed to a great orchestra.

A man's body and mind can relax in the twilight zone' On the land is a small lake surrounded by woods that The cares of the day have been swallowed up in the night- has bass, bluegills, perch and catfish. My hillbilly friend's There was peace over all the land and the lake. When recreation, after a hard day's work, is fishing the lake. the night shift was in full charge, my friend lit the fire- After the evening chores are completed, he picks up his Its glow gave warmth to the water and the patches of his old casting rod, bait bucket, and lantern and walks down light sought out the dark nooks of the night. to his fishing spot. He baits his hook and casts out into the water, props his rod and, like all fishermen, settles down to relax and hope the fish will bite. Then, my friend began to talk softly explaining the many and varied problems of the farm and of his life. He told how the visits to the pond gave him relaxation and He gathers some wood for a fire, adjusts his lantern, inner peace with himself and his maker. Here, his many tests his balance on an old log, lights his pipe and settles faded dreams were revived to once more live, if only & down to complete relaxation in the twilight. One evening memory. I joined my hillbilly friend and sat down beside him and commenced a conversation. As the moon rose casting ghostly shadows of silver al1 talk faded away. The rich communion of silence between With a finger on his lips he signaled me to hush. As friends is unexplainable. Just being with a friend watching his guest I obeyed. We sat in silence as the sun began the scene shifters on an outdoor stage performance # to disappear behind a big hemlock and twilight stole in. reason enough to be alive.

I began to understand his request for silence as nature's A movement by my friend to bring in his line broke the day was coming to a close. Ducks came in to land on the spell and it was time to go. I could not be sure in the pond, birds found their nesting places, night insects started gloom, but I would swear there was no hook on the en" their humming din, and now and then a bullfrog grunted of his line. his familiar "jug-o-rum." Out of nowhere, a deer appeared in the magic hour to drink. Often my thoughts now drift back to that evening wit*1 my hillbilly friend. My life is much richer in the memories My hillbilly friend thoroughly enjoyed watching dame of those moments. For he understood that the forces oi nature's changing shifts. The day shift was going to bed, nature discriminate for no man. He is a much better citize" the night shift was reporting for duty. because of his love of the great outdoors.

by W. W. SINGER Assistant to the Executive DirectC Pennsylvania Fish Commission

26 PENNSYLVANIA ANGL% A PISH I MS FEATURE FOR FISHERMEN FROM PSWERMEVJ

BIG BROWNIE was landed by Gilbertsville angler George Rittenhouse while fishing Upper Woods Pond during June. It measured 28-in., weighed 9-lbs., and hit a flat fish.

SHENANGO RIVER in Mercer County produced this fine 50%-in., 18-lb. muskellunge for fisherman Albert H. Klingensmith Jr., Grove City. It hit a spoon.

NICE NORTHERN was taken by Juanita Friedline of East Berlin while fishing Pinchot Lake in York County. It measured 36%-in., and hit a spinning lure.

j^ftGEMOUTH BASS was taken by ANOTHER BIG largemouth bass was LARGE CARP was caught by Gary m wman R°na'c' Bondi of Duquesne landed by Alvin Hefty of Hollisterville. McDivitt of Camp Hill last spring. He j, .Westmoreland County. It measured It was caught at Lake Henry in Wayne was fishing the Conodoquinet with a ,""••, weighed nearly 8-lbs, and hit a County, measured 20M!-ins. and weighed nightcrawler when he landed the 31-in., P'ining lure. 5-lbs. Lure not listed. 15% pounder.

°CT-OBER —1 969 27 A PISHING FEATURE FOR FISHERMEM- FROM PISHERMEU

GEORGE ALTEMUS of Levittown hit.'1 lucky in Potter County when he landed 26-Bj' 7-lb., 2-oz. rainbow while fishing Kettle Creek-

KENNETH OTT of Farrell holds 45-in., ELEVEN-YEAR-OLD Chris Wallish of 26-lb. musky he landed while fishing Hummelstown holds 26%-in. 10-lb. cat­ Pymatuning Reservoir. Won him a Se­ fish he caught fishing Spring Creek in nior Citation in the Husky Musky Club. Dauphin County. It took a nightcrawler.

SMALLMOUTH BASS caught by Thomas Pheiffer of Easton (left) measured 22-in., BIG WALLEYE caught by Larry Enfa»«^| weighed 5-lbs. and hit a minnow when caught from the Delaware while 12-year-old of Greenbrook, N.J., is held by the Mrs. ' Steve Hartnell of Annville (center) took 15-in. 1%-lb. rainbow trout from Lions Lake measured 30-in., weighed 8%-lbs, took in Lebanon County. Fifteen-year-old David Tarnaski of New Middletown, Ohio nightcrawler and came from Lake Wall*"' (right) landed 18M>-in. largemouth bass from Beaver Meadows Lake, Forest County. paupack.

MR. AND MRS. John Boandl of Allen- MR. AND MRS. Samuel Nonnemacher of White­ FIFTEEN-YEAR-OLD Teddy Miller «• town hold a pair of big trout they caught hall hold pair of big brown trout they caught Sharpsville holds 31-in. 7-lb. northed, during annual fishing contest. Her's was while fishing Lake Wallenpaupack. The larger he took from the Shenango Reserve a 25%-in. rainbow; his a 19-in brown. measured 20-in.; the smaller 17%-in. in Mercer County.

28 PENNSYLVANIA A N G L E P ^SHERMAN ED CLARK of Sheakleyville holds 3iy2-in. 1Mb. CLAUDE SNOEBERGER of Boswell holds 38-in. 12-lb. 8-oz., aUeye he took on a Flatfish at Pymatuning Lake in May. musky he caught while fishing Lake Somerset. It took a minnow.

CHAMBERSBURG angler Terry Ward (left) landed 29-in. 10-lb. brown trout while fishing the Letort near Carlisle during the summer. It battled for 20 minutes after taking a black streamer fly.

PYMATUNING reservoir in Crawford County pro­ duced 47-in. 31-lb. musky for John E. Seser Jr. of Dravosburg (right).

HARRY W. AUSTIN of Monroeville landed big muskellunge—47-in. 25-lb. —while fishing Canadohta Lake. It hit a spoon.

(C*0' FISH Nick Russo Jr. age 8, of TONY FOGLIETTA of Luzerne holds LARGEMOUTH BASS was taken from Sc» fa ever cau8nt was tn's 14-in. 15%-in. perch, some smaller perch and Upper Woods Pond by Boyd Dommayer n some largemouth bass he caught in Sus­ of Palmyra. It measured 20-in., weighed \<* trout he landed while fishing 1 "a'o Creek in Butler County. quehanna County last winter. 4 /2-lbs. and took a nightcrawler.

°CTOBER- 1969 29 A FI3HIMG PEftTURE FOR PISWERMEM- PROM PISMERMEW

TOM KIEL of Mt. Pleasant holds 20-in. 8j£ lb. largemouth he caught at Bridgeport D3

WEST CHESTER fisherwoman Mrs. FIRST YEAR FISHERMAN Gary George Parr Sr. caught 25%-in. Citation Quirin of Altoona landed Citation win­ pickerel while fishing Whitney Lake ning 11%-in. rock bass while fishing the last winter. Juniata River at Point Access Area.

DICK DUNBOROW of Camp Hill (left) holds 16-in. 3-lb. smallmoiith he caught on MATTHEW CASEY of Tafton holds a nightcrawler near Mt. Laurel while Alan Mace of Philadelphia (center) holds 15%- walleye he took while fishing Lake in. 3-lb. 6-oz. brown trout from Neshaminy Creek, on a nightcrawler. Joe Sapochak paupack County. of Millville (right) holds 19%-in. 2-lb. 12-oz. brown caught in Little Fishing Creek. BVj-lbs.

DONALD HOHMES of Dubois holds three big WALTER PAWLIK of Honesdale h°£r SALLY RATHFAN of Harrisburg holds 1 20-in. smallmouth she landed fishing Big walleye he caught at Kann's Lake this summer. big trout he caught fishing Duck Ha ' 1 The fish measured 27-in., 23-in., 21-in., and Pond. It went 25-in., 6%-lbs. and ^ Buffalo Creek. It took a hellgrammite 1S and won the lady angler a Citation. weighed from 3 to 7-lbs. an 11-in. girth. Bait used not 1

30 PENNSYLVANIA ANGL t* £RANK LAINE, Aaron Josefson, and John Lainey, krie, hold perch from Walnut Creek Access Area °n Lake Erie. (Right) Waterways Patrolman J. ^isell and Security Officer B. White flank Ed. ^etrosky with his 23-lb. 39-in. musky.

JANE DIXON of Meadville CHARLES HOWER, Slate- JOHN MALOKIS of Pitts­ TERRY SENSING, 14, of 'anded 27-in. 6-lb. walleye ford won an Angler Citation burgh took this 48-in. 27-lb. Etters landed 18%-in. 2-lb. «shing Edinboro Lake, Erie with this 31-in. 12-lb. wall­ musky from Conneaut Lake. brown from Yelow Breeches. bounty. It hit a Creek Chub. eye caught in the Delaware. Now Musky Club member. It won him Junior Citation.

|C. RALSTON of Susquehanna landed SAM BEARD of Mann's Choice landed this 38-in. STEVEN BEARD, also of Mann's B« 18-in. 3V2-lb. brown trout fishing 14-lb. muskellunge early in May from Shawnee Choice won a Junior Fishing Citation yuaker Lake in Susquehanna County Lake. It took a minnow and won him an honorary for the 14%-in. crappie he caught on a ast summer. It took a red Abu lure. membership in the Husky Musky Club. worm while fishing at Shawnee.

f^ANK SEVENSKY JR. (left) of Scranton holds stringer of bass STEVE VALENCIC (left) of Natrona Heights holds 40y2-in. 17%. lauding an 18 and a 20 incher he caught at Lake Henry. Michael lb. musky he caught fishing the Allegheny River in Armstrong rumemitsky Jr., 8%, of Northampton (right) holds 19-in. 3%lb. County while James Thalman Jr., 13, of Trentum (right) holds 19%- r°ok trout caught from Lehigh River to become Citation winner. in. 4-lb. smallmouth he caught at Tionesta Reservoir, Forest County.

°CTOBER — 1 969 31 W CASTING THE COOPS A MONTHLY FEATURE ABOUT CO-OP NURSERY PROJECTS By BILL PORTER

TOBYHANNA Actually there is more to this membership situation tha11 meets the eye in the above couple of lines. Membership MOST OF THE SPORTSMEN'S CLUBS in the co­ requirements are modest, but much is expected by way °' operative nursery program have the same basic goals in individual effort. Regular membership is by invitation mind—some express these objectives in writing. The Toby- only and a man's reputation as a true sportsman is a sig" hanna Conservation Association, Monroe County, says the nificant criterion. Dues are $10.00 a year and he must work thing effectively for everyone. eight scheduled project days to retain his voting rights From the minutes of their first meeting three years ago: regarding association policy. An associate non-voting mem' "The association was organized on May 15, 1966, by bership is available at the same dues rate minus the work people who were sincerely interested in conservation stipulation. The organization got off the ground with only' measures designed to supplement the efforts of the Penn­ thirteen members. Evidence is obvious—the boys are a sylvania Game and Fish Commissions in the Tobyhanna bunch of hustlers for the cooperative nursery is only one area and improve the quality and quantity of local hunting of their several conservation projects. and fishing." And from the preamble to their constitution: "Believing that nature's bounty in providing man with fish and game is not inexhaustible, and that man through sincere efforts may aid in the propagation of fish and game species and their environment, the members have united to form an organization dedicated to the preservation of hunting, fish­ ing and the spirit of true sportsmanship through example." Now not only do the fellows at Tobyhanna have a way with words, but they also have a way with trout. Let's take a closer look at their operation. The establishment of a cooperative trout nursery was one of the conservation projects proposed at die organizational meeting. The Gloeggler brothers, Charles and George, of Tobyhanna n agreed to allow the association to construct a nursery on In operation of the nurseries, the association pays sn their lands adjoining the Tobyhanna Creek. By August, employees. Charles Gloeggler, retired, oversees the » 1966, two ponds were constructed and flooded. Fish Com­ during the day, feeding them in the morning. Brothe mission approval of the nursery came in November and George, the club's president, takes care of the evening trout fingerlings followed in June of the next year. Nursery feeding. Association members have designed, engineere Number 1 received 2,000 brown trout fingerlings and and executed all construction and also handle cleaning an Number 2 got an equal amount of brooks. stocking chores as needed. The group received consider Bob Brown, Cooperative Nursery Coordinator, suggested able help from John Barlieb, a local contractor, who loane the possibility of a third raceway on the property and no equipment to aid in the original construction. sooner said than done. On October 31, 1967, this three- Nursery activities, of course, include the raising an sectioned raceway received final inspection and approval. stocking of trout into the public waters of the Tobyhanna e Since then this portion of the nursery has been expanded Creek and its tributaries. In addition the site has becom into six sections. an area tourist attraction and visitors are encouraged. Are' The club was furnished with 8,000 brook trout finger­ schools, primarily biology, science and conservation classe > 0 lings in 1968 with this number being jumped to 14,000 for make regular use of the facilities. And to cover all event r 1969 as a result of the increased facilities and excellent alities, the association purchased a liability policy for nu growth. A switch to 100% venison diet in February of 1968 sery facilities (might be a good idea for other clubs is believed to be a factor in the phenomenal growth of the consider the same). fish. Clancy Dennis sort of wrapped up the whole story W How was all this accomplished in so short a time? inserting the word extraordinary to the word cooperatto > Simple—work and interest. The association, at the time of used so many times justifiably in this feature, in making our information, had only 22 members. Clancy Dennis, their project a success. The members of the Tobyhanna club secretary, put it this way in answer to a question Conservation Association, their friends in the area, tP about project leaders: "For a club with only 22 members local Waterways Patrolman, Walt Burkhart, and others are to accomplish so much in so short a time, each man must sure that Casting with the Co-ops is a good thing for tfr be a leader and a worker}" And there's no question about fishermen of the Tobyhanna Creek region—they have tb it, he's right. facts to prove it.

32 PENNSYLVANIA ANGLE ^Hsss^xTssinasmtBHH

THE SEA BAG Bob Miller

A column of news devoted to the activities of boat clubs, flotillas, power squadrons and items of interest to Pennsylvania's boaters. COLD WATER AWARENESS Death follows within one to three hours. This is that time of the year when the majority of the Properly fitted, a wet suit serves as an insulator to pre­ Warm weather pleasure boaters begin hauling out their serve body heat and thus allows die wearer to remain rigs and the waterfowl hunter takes over the waterways. conscious much longer in cold water. Coupled with the reminder of a triple tragedy on the USCG SUGGESTS FLOAT PLANS lower Susquehanna River a few years ago, this brings to mind some valuable cold water survival facts submitted by We've heard of flight plans but now the U.S. Coast the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary. Guard, and for good reason, recommends the use of float Naturally we know the warmer the water the longer one plans in case of an emergency. can survive but what happens when the water temperature A float plan is nothing more than a schedule of events drops below the 30 degree mark? planned by the boater. Planned for the benefit of others, According to the auxiliary report, the heavyweights will members of the family for example, it tells them where Probably last much longer in frigid waters, at least much he will be cruising or fishing and when and where he plans longer than us lightweights. to return. Based on U.S. Navy experiments conducted in the No doubt'the Coast Guard has in mind those boaters Arctic, "man can survive four or more days at temperatures who use coastal waters but this could come in mighty over 70 degrees but, after that, factors in addition to handy even on a brief fishing trip on one of Pennsylvania's chilling, such as fatigue contribute to collapse and drown­ waterways. ing. Even at 70 degrees, the time limit is approximately You can always shear a pin before a storm breaks and 40 hours due to the gradual fall in body temperature." have to take refuge on an island or the opposite shore or perhaps run out of fuel or get lost in heavy fog, even on the Susquehanna. It is no fun so even a brief penciled note on the kitchen table leaves you with the reassurance DURATION 0? SURVIVAL that help is on the way if you fail to turn up at the ap­ btsr MlBUt«B HOUTB pointed time. i 1 1 1 •*, u l.« A 28 E llll lodeflajtlv "- V COAST GUARD AUXILIARY SL HEARS CAPT. LEISING sE= Capt. Charles E. Leising, Assistant Executive Director, Office of Watercraft Safety, Pennsylvania Fish Commission, spoke at Change of Watch ceremonies held earlier this Protective clothing helps retain body heat by reducing year at Hanover. the water flow over the body but while most waterfowl Also on the speakers' platform was William B. Matthews hunters are heavily clothed, water soaked clothing adds Jr., Chief, Boating and Recreation Division, Department weight and makes it all the more difficult to stay afloat. of Chesapeake Bay Affairs, Maryland. Heavy clothing may be discarded in the water but it's Highlighting the dinner affair was the installation of 'he wise hunter who keeps his life saving devices readily a York man, Ward M. Donahue, of 127 N. Diamond St., accessible and wears a life jacket if necessary. as Captain of Division V, U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary. While on this subject a release from the U.S. Coast Installed as Division Vice Captain was Elwood L. Guard this year indicates that wet suits, such as those Manahan, of 5038 Erbs Bridge Rd., Mechanicsburg. worn by scuba divers, could prove invaluable to winter Staff officers taking the oath of office were: Melvin hoaters. Horning, Middletown, public education; John Markle, Referring to an incident in which three duck hunters Lancaster, materials; Leo L. Lawler Jr., Hanover, recorder; were thrown into the water and only one survived, the Earl H. Angel, Hanover, treasurer; Richard Filbey, York, Coast Guard reported the lone survivor was in good shape Courtesy Motorboat Examinations; Paul Henninger, Fred­ Possibly because he wore a wet suit under his clothing. erick, operations; Earl Snyder, Millersville, public rela­ According to life expectancy charts based on long ex­ tions; Richard Welsh, York, USCG Academy introduction; perience, the unprotected capsizing victim will become un­ Anthony J. Savicky, Lancaster, communications; and Don­ conscious in 30 to 60 minutes in 40 to 50 degree water. ald N. Black, Lancaster, U.S. Power Squadron liaison. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

By Capt. JACK ROSS, Pittsburgh Marine Consultant FROM L. E. N., MONONGAHELA: tion material, but wipe a light coat of rust-proofing oil on the rest of the brakes, and the whole trailer. A spray can "When laying up an inboard boat for the winter, is it works well for this. Finally, go over the wiring and lights, best to plug the exhaust or leave it open?" cleaning all contacts and spraying on a rust-preventive. —Various experts disagree on this point, and it doesn't You can also touch up the scratched spots on the paint really seem to make a whole lot of difference. Being at this time, to prevent future corrosion. Block the trailer naturally lazy, we would vote for leaving the pipe open, up so that the weight is off the tires over the winter. and have done so for many years with no ill effects. The engine is the important thing, and you should be FROM G. M. A., SL1GO: sure that the block, heads, water pump, oil heat ex­ "What precautions should be taken in storing an out­ changer and all other portions are drained completely, board motor for the winter?" to avoid freezing damage. Don't neglect the muffler, —Flush out the cooling system by running the motor in either. One very fine boatyard runs a half-pint of Wynn's clean water for about ten minutes, then stop it. Empty Friction Proofing oil through the carburetor with the the tank, and put in a half-pint of mixture with three or engine running just prior to draining the block, and this four times the normal proportion of oil. Restart, and turn appears to be very effective in preventing rust in the the carburetor control to full rich. The engine will stall cylinders, stuck valves and rings, and similar over-the- out, but by this time all internal parts will be well coated winter problems. If your boat is a cruiser, don't forget with oil. Either dry out the tank or store it full of fuel- to drain the head (toilet), too. Keep the engine in a heated basement or garage, and wipe down the exterior with a light coat of oil after clean­ FROM V. C. F., BEAVER: ing it thoroughly. "I plan to store my 23-foot cruiser outside over the winter, and I have been advised to use a tarpaulin rather FROM S. B. R., ROSCOE: than plastic to cover the boat. Wouldn't the plasic be "The planks on my John boat shrink so much over the more waterproof?" winter that you can see daylight through them, and I —It certainly would, and airproof as well. On warm would like to be able to use the boat on some of the warm winter days, the temperature and humidity under a plastic winter days. How can I keep it tight while laid up?" cover would be something awful, and just about perfect —Store the boat (in your heated garage as before) for the fungus that causes dry rot. Canvas allows for upside down on a pair of sawhorses, and cover it with old more air circulation, and the few leaks that may drip burlap bags. Wet the bags down twice a week, and the water on your boat are a much smaller problem. When moisture will keep the seams tight all winter long. covering a boat for outside winter storage, it pays to build some light framing to keep the canvas off the boat, not only for better ventilation, but because the winter winds OS \uc rippling the tarp will grind off paint wherever the cover touches. Framing the canvas up like a tent will also eliminate sags where snow and water collect. FROM C. H. R., PITTSBURGH: "Last fall I drained my 185-hp inboard carefully, and the block still cracked. What can I do to keep this from happening again?" —Unfortunately, a few of the very popular 283-cubic- inch blocks by Chevrolet that are used by nearly every boatbuilder have some internal passages that do not drain well. Your problem is rare, but does occur. Tipping the boat sternward as far as possible with all the drain plugs removed should insure that all the water runs out. FROM L. A. C, UNIONTOWN: "Can you give me some recommendations for laying up a boat trailer for the winter?" —First of all, pull the wheels and carefully clean and repack the bearings with grease. If the trailer has brakes, go over these carefully, removing all moisture and rust and "NOW THEN, DOWN TO REALITY. I THINK YOU COULD lubricating the moving parts. Keep lubricants off the fric­ AFFORD A WELL-BUILT DUGOUT CANOE . . ."