DOCSLIB.ORG

The Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Professional Paper 180 THE MINERALS OF FRANKLIN AND STERLING HILL SUSSEX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY BY CHARLES PALACHE - : ~· : • • 0 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFI CE WASHINGTON: 1935 For salo by tbe Superintendent of Document&, Wasbiugtoo, D.C. ------ Prico 30 ceota Original from byGoogle UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Generated on 2012-04-01 03:40 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015031076071 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES 123 PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES Physical proptrlies.-Chlorophoenicite is light gray­ Occurrtnce.-Chlorophoenicite, discovered by Gage 123 ish green in natural light but is pink or light purplish in 1923, was described in a preliminary paper by Physical properties.—Chlorophoenicite is light gray- red in artificial light, hence its name, from Greek words Foshag and Gage (231) and more fully by Foshag, ish green in natural light but is pink or light purplish for those colors. It is optically biaxial and negative; Berman, and Gage in 1924. It was first found in red in artificial light, hence its name, from Greek words the plane of the optic axes is the plane of symmetry; pillars of ore between the 500- and 600-foot levels in for those colors. It is optically biaxial and negative; 2V = 83° ± 2°; r>v (strong); a= 1.682, ~ = 1.690, the mine at Franklin, where crystals of it were im­ the plane of the optic axes is the plane of symmetry; 'Y = 1.697. The cleavage is good parallel to the ortho­ planted on the surfaces of cracks and slickensides in 2V=83°±2°; r>v (strong); a =1.682, 0 = 1.690, pinacoid, the luster is vitreous to pearly, especially massive franklinite-willemite ore, associated with y = 1.697. The cleavage is good parallel to the ortho- on cleavage surfaces, and the hardness is 3 to 3.5. 1 crystals of leucophoenicite and calcite and more rarely pinacoid, the luster is vitreous to pearly, especially The specific gravity is 3.46. of tephroite. Its slender needles resemble rather on cleavage surfaces, and the hardness is 3 to 3.5. Composition.-Chlorophoenicite is a hydrous man­ closely crystals of transparent willemite. The specific gravity is 3.46. Composition.—Chlorophoenicite is a hydrous man- ganese-zinc arsenate containing some magnesium, Chlorophoenicite has also been found in radiate ganese-zinc arsenate containing some magnesium, calcium, and iron. aggregates of acicular crystals on the 900-foot level calcium, and iron. Analy8i3 of chlorophoenicite in the mine at Sterling Hill, associated with calcite %*v and barite. (W . F: Fosbag (231), analyst) Analysis of chlorophoenicite In 1928 Palache (257) described flattened prisms [W. F! Fosnag (231), analyst] Percent Molecular ratio ____.:.__ ___ ---·- that were doubtfully identified as clinozoisite, though . MnO. ____ ___________ _ _ 34. 46 their optical characters did not agree v~ry closely Percent ZnO ___________ ----- - - - 29.72 0.. 365486} FeO __ ____ ___ -- - ------ - . 48 with those of that mineral. Later study by Bauer Molecular ratio . 007 . 951=10X O. 095 MgO ______ - _---- - ---- . 1. 34 . 033 and Berman (273) has shown that the crystals are MnO CaO. _____ __. ___ ____ ___ 3. 36 . 060 undoubtedly chlorophoenicite, and that name should 34.46 As,o•. ________ . ____ ___ _ 19. 24 . 084 1 xo. 084 11. 60 . 644 7XO. 092 be substituted for clinozoisite in lists of Franklin 29. 72 u,o- ------- ----------- minerals. 48 100. 20 1.34 Another interesting occurrence of cblorophoenicite 3.36 was seen in a single specimen from Franklin. In a 19.24 cavity in a carbonate vein is an aggregate of needles 11.60 of chlorophoenicite, thin bundles of needles being 0 4861! grouped with great regularity as a six-rayed sttu-. 365 Although this may be a twin aggregate, it seems more 007 H). likely that the growth was controlled by a calcite 033 crystal that was partly replaced along definite crystal­ 060j lographic directions by chlorophoenicite and then 084 wholly removed, leaving this skeletal growth of fibers. 644 ZnO . - MAGNESIUM CHLOROPHOENICITE FeO (Mg,Mn)aASt0t.7(Mg,M n)(OH)t. Monoclinic 951 = 10X0.095 Habit.-Magnesium chlorophoenicite is found in MgO --- A fibers, grouped in radial aggregate.s implanted on the CaO surface of a narrow open vein composed of zincite and As2O2 carbonates. Some of the rosettes have a. diameter = 1X0.084 of two-fifths of an inch. = 7X0. 092 H2O . - - The only specimen was collected by the late George 100. 20 Stanton in the Franklin mine on the 750-foot level FIGURE 192.—Crystal ot chlorophoenicite showing the forms c(00I), a(100), »(106), at pillar 859. r(102), M(>!'. A(203), and /KIMI. Franklin. A, Plan; B, clinographlc projec- Physical propertits.-The fibers are white or color­ tion. less but are stained brown on some surfaces. They The analysis yields the empirical formula , show the same single excellent cleavage lengthwise 10(Mn,Zn)O.As2O8.7H2O, although the arsenic is rather Ftott RE 192.- Crystal ol cbloropboenlclte sbowlng tbe Corms c(OOI) , a(IOO), t(I06) , of the fibers that is characteristic of chlorophoenicite. low for that composition. The formula may be inter- r(I02), •(!04), h{li03), and p(lll). Franklin. A, Plan; B, clinographlc projec­ 1 The specific gravity is 3.37. preted as (Mn,Zn)3As2O8.7(Mn,Zn)(OH)2. Heated tion. Optical properties.-The mineral is optically biaxial in the closed tube the mineral gives off water at a The analysis yields the empirical formula and positive, with a small optic angle. The plane of low temperature and turns black with a brilliant 10(Mn,Zn)O.As206.7H20, although the arsenic is rather the optic axes is across the fibers-that is, parallel luster but does not fuse. Before the blowpipe it is low for that composition. The formula may be inter­ to the plane of crystal symmetry. The extinction fusible with difficulty, without decrepitation. preted as (Mn,Zn)3As208.7(Mn,Zn)(OH) . Heated angle could not be measured on the material available; M385—35 9 2 Occurrence.—Chlorophoenicite, discovered by Gage in the closed tube the mineral gives off water at a r<v (strong); a=l.669, tl=l.672, 'Y=l.677, all in 1923, was described in a preliminary paper by low temperature and turns black with a brilliant ± 0.003 (Berman). Foshag and Gage (231) and more fully by Foshag, luster but does not fuse. Before the blowpipe it is Composition.-Magnesium chlorophoenicite is sim­ Berman, and Gage in 1924. It was first found in fusible wit.h difficulty, without decrepitation. ilar in composition to chlorophoenicite but contains pillars of ore between the 500- and 600-foot levels in ~ the mine at Franklin, where crystals of it were im- planted on the surfaces of cracks and slickensides in Original from massive franklinite-willemite ore, associated with D1g ize b crystals of leucophoenicite and calcite and more rarely UNIVERSITYO F ICHIG N of tephroite. Its slender needles resemble rather closely crystals of transparent willemite. Generated on 2012-04-01 03:44 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015031076071 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google Chlorophoenicite has also been found in radiate aggregates of acicular crystals on the 900-foot level in the mine at Sterling Hill, associated with calcite and barite. In 1928 Palache (257) described flattened prisms that were doubtfully identified as clinozoisite, though their optical characters did not agree very closely with those of that mineral. Later study by Bauer and Berman (273) has shown that the crystals are undoubtedly chlorophoenicite, and that name should be substituted for clinozoisite in lists of Franklin minerals. Another interesting occurrence of chlorophoenicite was seen in a single specimen from Franklin. In a cavity in a carbonate vein is an aggregate of needles of chlorophoenicite, thin bundles of needles being grouped with great regularity as a six-rayed star. Although this may be a twin aggregate, it seems more likely that the growth was controlled by a calcite crystal that was partly replaced along definite crystal- lographic directions by chlorophoenicite and then wholly removed, leaving this skeletal growth of fibers. MAGNESIUM CHIXmOPHOENICITE (Mg,Mn)2AsjOi.7(Mg,Mn) (OH)2. Monoclinie Habit.—Magnesium chlorophoenicite is found in fibers, grouped in radial aggregates implanted on the surface of a narrow open vein composed of zincite and carbonates. Some of the rosettes have a diameter of two-fifths of an inch. The only specimen was collected by the late George Stanton in the Franklin mine on the 750-foot level at pillar 859. Physical properties.—The fibers are white or color- less but are stained brown on some surfaces. They show the same single excellent cleavage lengthwise of the fibers that is characteristic of chlorophoenicite. The specific gravity is 3.37. Optical properties.—The mineral is optically biaxial and positive, with a small optic angle. The plane of the optic axes is across the fibers—that is, parallel to the plane of crystal symmetry. The extinction angle could not be measured on the material available; r<v (strong); a = 1.669, 0= 1.672, y = 1.677, all ±0.003 (Berman). Composition.—Magnesium chlorophoenicite is sim- ilar in composition to chlorophoenicite but contains 124 THE MINERALS OF FRANKLIN AND STERl-ING HILL, NEW JERSEY magnesium in place of all the zinc and part of the I e(Oll) were each found well developed on but two 124 manganese of that mineral.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sussexite Mn2+BO2(OH)
    2+ Sussexite Mn BO2(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. As bladed acicular crystals, to 7 mm; cross-vein or radial fibrous, in felted or matted aggregates, nodular. Twinning: Submicroscopic twinning on {100} which cannot be resolved optically. Physical Properties: Tenacity: Inflexible. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = 3.30 D(calc.) = 3.335 Optical Properties: Semitransparent. Color: White to buff, straw-yellow, pale pink; colorless in transmitted light. Streak: White. Luster: Silky, dull, earthy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: Parallel extinction; X = elongation; Z ⊥ flattening. Dispersion: r> v. α= 1.670 β = 1.728 γ = 1.732 2V(meas.) = ∼25◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/a. a = 12.866(3) b = 10.718(2) c = 3.287(1) β =94.75(3)◦ Z=8 X-ray Powder Pattern: N’chwaning II mine, South Africa. 6.43 (10), 2.773 (7), 3.34 (6), 2.632 (6), 2.494 (6), 2.741 (5), 2.694 (5) Chemistry: (1) (3) B2O3 30.52 30.33 FeO 0.16 MnO 49.40 61.82 MgO 9.56 CaO 2.03 H2O 8.33 7.85 Total [100.00] 100.00 (1) Franklin, New Jersey, USA; recalculated to 100% after deduction of willemite 4.5%. (2) N’chwaning II mine, South Africa; by electron microprobe, analysis not given; stated to correspond to (Mn0.95Mg0.05)Σ=1.00BO2(OH). (3) MnBO2(OH). Polymorphism & Series: Forms a series with szaib´elyite. Occurrence: A rare hydrothermal mineral typically in veinlets in boron-bearing metamorphosed Mn–Fe–Zn deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Picking Table Volume 27, No. 1 – Spring 1986
    TABLE JOURNAL of the FRANKLIN-OGDENSBURG MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. SPRING. 1986 VOLUME 27, NO.l The contents of The Picking Table are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. F.QM.S. Notes prise a spectacular fluorescent display. For PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE years the Gerstmann Mineral Museum has displayed the collection for the delight and With the melting of the snow, the rocks of education of amateur and professional mineralo- the Buckwheat Dump emerge from their white gists alike. The Franklin Mineral Museum mantle, and the seismic tremors rumble through is most grateful to Arthur and Harriet Mitteldorf the souls of the collector community. Whatever for this most generous donation and to Ewald Spring may mean to the average mortal, to Gerstmann for its accumulation and for his FOMS members it brings a special appeal to sponsorship of the Franklin Mineral Museum dig in the dirt, not to plant, but to explore as the recipient. Transfer of the collection again the crystalline mysteries of Nature. will be effected as soon as suitable space is available to house it. Let us not lose sight of the fact that we are a community, however widespread, dedicated JLB to a great common interest and purpose: the expansion and preservation of knowledge about the world's most remarkable mineral location. ABOUT THE COVER SKETCH Like all great enterprises, this demands the efforts and participation of many. To the Located Sphalerite Occurrences—Franklin Mine extent that we share our knowledge, our time, and our interest with each other and the world, It is suggested that you refer to this hand Franklin lives.
    [Show full text]
  • MINERALS and MINERAL VARIETIES from METAMORPHOSED Mn DEPOSITS of BISTRITA MOUNTAINS, ROMANIA
    Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series 1, Szeged, 2003 MINERALS AND MINERAL VARIETIES FROM METAMORPHOSED Mn DEPOSITS OF BISTRITA MOUNTAINS, ROMANIA HÎRTOPANU, P.1 & SCOTT, P.2 1 Geological Institute of Romania, Caransebeş 1, RO-78344 Bucharest, Romania. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Camborne School of Mines, Redruth, Cornwall, United Kingdom. The Bistrita Mountains belong to the Crystalline Meso- mation of some amphiboles and some pyroxenes into other zoic Zone of the East Carpathians, which consists of super- phases, there are drastical transformations of pyroxenes into posed Variscan and Alpine Nappes, overthrusted eastwards pyroxenoids (johannsenite into rhodonite), pyroxenoids into over the Flysch Zone. The manganese ore is contained by pyroxenoids (pyroxmangite into rhodonite), pyroxmangite Tulghes Group (Tg2 level) of the Variscan Putna Nappe, into manganogrunerite, garnets into garnets (spessartine- situated over the Pietrosu Bistritei Nappe and supporting the calderite into spessartine, spessartine into anisotropic spes- thrusting of the Rebra Nappe. All these Variscan nappes sartine-andradite-grossular), calderite into pyroxmangite- constitute the Alpine Sub-Bucovinian Nappe localised be- magnetite, etc. are the best evidences of continuous variation tween Alpine Infrabucovinian Nappe in the East and the of formation conditions. Alpine Bucovinian Nappe in the West. The Mn ore have a predominant carbonate rather than The mineralogy of Mn metamorphosed deposits from silicate mineralogical composition, which means a great CO2 Bistrita Mts. includes 328 minerals and mineral varieties. fluid control in the carbonation and dehydration processes They may count among the mineralogically the most com- along the many stages of the whole history of the ore and the plex deposits of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE of CAHNITE, Cabaso4 (OH)4
    THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CAHNITE, CaBAsO4 (OH)4 by Charles T. Prewitt S.B., M.I.T.AAT.rc (1955) SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL YULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (1960) Signature of Author .,. ..... .. ... .... Department of>Geolgy nd Geophysics, May 20, 1960 Certified by . t -.. 4-w.Vi 4 ... .. ... , . Thesis Supervisor Accepted by . .* . .... ... Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CAHNITE, Ca2 BAs04 (OH)4 Charles T. Prewitt Submitted to the Department of Geology on May 20, 1960 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Cahnite is one of the few crystals which had been assigned to crystal class 4. A precession study showed that its diffraction sphol is 4/m I-/-, which contains space groups I4, I4E, and14/. Because of the known 4 morphology, it must be assigned to space group I4. The unit cell, whose dimensions are a = 7.11A, o = 6.201, contains two formula weights of Ca BAsO (OH)L. The structure was studied with the aid of in ensity medsurements made with a single-crystal diffractometer. Patterson s ntheses were first made for projections along the c, a, and 110 directions. The atomic numbers of the atoms are in the ratio As:Ca.0:B = 33:20:8:5, so that the Patterson peaks are dominated by the atom pairs containing arsenic as one member of the pair. Since there are only two arsenic atoms in a body-centered cell, one As can be arbitrarily assigned to the origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Zincite (Zn, Mn2+)O
    Zincite (Zn, Mn2+)O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 6mm. Crystals rare, typically pyramidal, hemimorphic, with large {0001}, to 2.5 cm, rarely curved; in broad cleavages, foliated, granular, compact, massive. Twinning: On {0001}, with composition plane {0001}. Physical Properties: Cleavage: {1010}, perfect; parting on {0001}, commonly distinct. Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 4 VHN = 205–221 (100 g load). D(meas.) = 5.66(2) D(calc.) = 5.6730 Rare pale yellow fluorescence under LW UV. Optical Properties: Translucent, transparent in thin fragments. Color: Yellow-orange to deep red, rarely yellow, green, colorless; deep red to yellow in transmitted light; light rose-brown in reflected light, with strong red to yellow internal reflections. Streak: Yellow-orange. Luster: Subadamantine to resinous. Optical Class: Uniaxial (+). ω = 2.013 = 2.029 R1–R2: (400) 13.0–13.6, (420) 12.8–13.2, (440) 12.6–12.8, (460) 12.3–12.6, (480) 12.1–12.4, (500) 12.0–12.2, (520) 11.8–12.1, (540) 11.8–12.0, (560) 11.7–11.9, (580) 11.6–11.8, (600) 11.4–11.7, (620) 11.3–11.6, (640) 11.2–11.5, (660) 11.1–11.4, (680) 11.0–11.2, (700) 11.0–11.2 Cell Data: Space Group: P 63mc (synthetic). a = 3.24992(5) c = 5.20658(8) Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. 2.476 (100), 2.816 (71), 2.602 (56), 1.626 (40), 1.477 (35), 1.911 (29), 1.379 (28) Chemistry: (1) (2) SiO2 0.08 FeO 0.01 0.23 MnO 0.27 0.29 ZnO 99.63 98.88 Total 99.99 [99.40] (1) Sterling Hill, New Jersey, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Leucophoenicite Mn (Sio4)3(OH)2
    2+ Leucophoenicite Mn7 (SiO4)3(OH)2 c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2=m: Crystals rare, typically slender, prismatic, elongated and striated [010], to 8 mm; in isolated grains or granular massive. Twinning: On k 001 , common, contact or interpenetrant twins, lamellar. f g Physical Properties: Cleavage: 001 , imperfect. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 5.5{6 f g D(meas.) = 3.848 D(calc.) = [4.01] Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Brown to light purple-red, raspberry-red, deep pink to light pink; rose-red to colorless in thin section. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial ({). Pleochroism: Faint; rose-red 001 ; colorless 001 . Orientation: k f g ? f g X 001 cleavage. Dispersion: r > v; slight. ® = 1.751(3) ¯ = 1.771(3) ° = 1.782(3) ? f g 2V(meas.) = 74(5)± Cell Data: Space Group: P 21=a: a = 10.842(19) b = 4.826(6) c = 11.324(9) ¯ = 103:93(9)± Z = [2] X-ray Powder Pattern: Franklin, New Jersey, USA. 1.8063 (10), 2.877 (9), 2.684 (8), 4.36 (5), 3.612 (5), 2.365 (5), 2.620 (4) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) SiO2 26.36 26.7 26.7 CaO 5.67 2.4 2.8 FeO trace 0.3 0.3 Na2O 0.39 MnO 60.63 62.8 64.7 K2O 0.24 ZnO 3.87 0.0 0.0 H2O 2.64 [2.3] [2.8] MgO 0.21 5.5 2.7 Total 100.01 [100.0] [100.0] (1) Franklin, New Jersey, USA; composite of two analyses, corresponding to (Mn5:89Ca0:70Zn0:32 Na0:04Mg0:03K0:01)§=6:99(Si1:01O4)3(OH)2: (2) Kombat mine, Namibia; by electron microprobe, H2O by di®erence; corresponding to (Mn5:98Mg0:92Ca0:29Fe0:02)§=7:21(SiO4)3(OH)1:72: (3) Valsesia-Valtournanche area, Italy; by electron microprobe, H2O by di®erence; corresponding to (Mn6:16Mg0:45Ca0:34Fe0:03)§=6:98(SiO4)3(OH)2:10: Mineral Group: Leucophoenicite group.
    [Show full text]
  • TEPHROITE from FRANKLIN, NEW JERSEY* Connbrrus S. Hunrsur
    THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST, VOL 46, MAY_JUNE, 1961 TEPHROITE FROM FRANKLIN, NEW JERSEY* ConNBrrus S. Hunrsur, Jn., Departmentof Mineralogy, Harvard, Uniaersity. Assrnlcr A study of tephroite specimens from Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey showed in all of them the presence of thin sheets of willemite believed to be a product of exsolution. .fhese sheets are oriented parallel to the {100} and [010] planes of tephroite with the o and r axes of tephroite and willemite parallel. It is believed that Iittle zinc remains in the tephroite structure and that much of it reported in chemical analyses has been con- tributed by intergrown u'illemite. This conclusion is supported by experiments syn- thesizing tephroite. The indices of refraction and d spacing of {130} vary as would be expected with changes in amounts of MgO, FeO and CaO. INrnooucrroN 'fephroite, Mn2SiO4,a member of the olivine group, was describedas a new mineral from SterlingHill by Breithaupt in 1823.A chemicalanal- ysis of the original material was published by Brush (1864) together with severaladditional chemical analysesof tephroite made by others. These analysesreport ZnO in varying amounts which Brush attributed to invariably associatedzincite. Palache (1937) did not agree with Brush and stated " . that the molecularratios in someanalyses more nearly satisfy the orthosilicateformula when zinc is regardedas essen- tially a part of the mineral rather than as a constituent of mechanical inclusions." The present study was undertaken for the purpose of in- vestigatingthe variations in the propertiesof tephroite with changesin chemical composition, particularly the effect of zinc. Relationships were not expectedto be simplefor analysesshow, in addition to ZnO, variable amounts of MgO, FeO, and CaO.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Optical Properties of Zinc Silicate Glass-Ceramics As a Host for Green Phosphor
    applied sciences Article A Study on Optical Properties of Zinc Silicate Glass-Ceramics as a Host for Green Phosphor Siti Aisyah Abdul Wahab 1, Khamirul Amin Matori 1,2,*, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid 1,2, Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik 2 , Sidek Hj Ab Aziz 2, Rosnita A. Talib 3, Aisyah Zakiah Khirel Azman 1, Rahayu Emilia Mohamed Khaidir 1, Mohammad Zulhasif Ahmad Khiri 1 and Nuraidayani Effendy 2 1 Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; [email protected] (S.A.A.W.); [email protected] (M.H.M.Z.); [email protected] (A.Z.K.A.); [email protected] (R.E.M.K.); [email protected] (M.Z.A.K.) 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; [email protected] (M.M.A.K.); [email protected] (S.H.A.A.); aidayanieff[email protected] (N.E.) 3 Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +6016-267-3321 Received: 13 April 2020; Accepted: 6 May 2020; Published: 18 July 2020 Abstract: For the very first time, a study on the crystallization growth of zinc silicate glass and glass-ceramics was done, in which white rice husk ash (WRHA) was used as the silicon source. In this study, zinc silicate glass was fabricated by using melt–quenching methods based on the composition (ZnO)0.55(WRHA)0.45, where zinc oxide (ZnO) and white rice husk ash were used as the raw materials.
    [Show full text]
  • H Positions in Leucophoenicite, Mn7si3o12(OH)2: a Close Relative of the Hydrous B Phases
    American Mineralogist, Volume 87, pages 154–159, 2002 H positions in leucophoenicite, Mn7Si3O12(OH)2: A close relative of the hydrous B phases MARK D. WELCH,1,* WILLIAM G. MARSHALL,2 NANCY L. ROSS,3 AND KEVIN S. KNIGHT2 1Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. 2ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K. 3Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The proton positions in leucophoenicite, ideally Mn7Si3O12(OH)2, have been determined by neu- tron powder diffraction under ambient conditions on a natural sample from Franklin, New Jersey. 2 Refinement in the P21/a space group gave Rp = 2.0% (wRp = 2.1%), χ = 4.04 for 110 refined param- eters. The two non-equivalent protons form a pair of hydroxyl groups and make hydrogen bonds to the same O7 atom of the Si1 tetrahedron at distances of 1.99(1) and 2.09(1) Å. The H····H distance in leucophoenicite is 2.16(1) Å, which is more than twice the Van der Waal’s radius of H (>2 Å) and so no proton positional disorder is expected in leucophoenicite. A comparison of the H environments is made between leucophoenicite and Phase B, Superhydrous B, and Phase A. INTRODUCTION tions of cation octahedra in leucophoenicite are like those of Understanding the behavior of hydrogenous components of the hydrous sheet of Phase B. The leucophoenicite structure mantle phases is important for interpreting the crystal chemis- consists of two polyhedral sheets which, in the centrosymmet- try and physical properties (elasticity and rheology) of these ric structure (see below), are related by inversion centers.
    [Show full text]
  • Coprecipitation of Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ with Mn(III/IV) Oxides Formed in Metal-Rich Mine Waters
    Article Coprecipitation of Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ with Mn(III/IV) Oxides Formed in Metal-Rich Mine Waters Javier Sánchez-España 1,* and Iñaki Yusta 2 1 Area of Geochemistry and Sustainable Mining, Department of Geological Resources Research, Spanish Geological Survey (IGME), Calera 1, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain 2 Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Science and Technology, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 February 2019; Accepted: 6 April 2019; Published: 10 April 2019 Abstract: Manganese oxides are widespread in soils and natural waters, and their capacity to adsorb different trace metals such as Co, Ni, or Zn is well known. In this study, we aimed to compare the extent of trace metal coprecipitation in different Mn oxides formed during Mn(II) oxidation in highly concentrated, metal-rich mine waters. For this purpose, mine water samples collected from the deepest part of several acidic pit lakes in Spain (pH 2.7–4.2), with very high concentration of manganese (358–892 mg/L Mn) and trace metals (e.g., 795–10,394 µg/L Ni, 678–11,081 µg/L Co, 259– 624 mg/L Zn), were neutralized to pH 8.0 in the laboratory and later used for Mn(II) oxidation experiments. These waters were subsequently allowed to oxidize at room temperature and pH = 8.5–9.0 over several weeks until Mn(II) was totally oxidized and a dense layer of manganese precipitates had been formed. These solids were characterized by different techniques for investigating the mineral phases formed and the amount of coprecipitated trace metals.
    [Show full text]
  • Jerrygibbsite Mn (Sio4)
    2+ Jerrygibbsite Mn9 (SiO4)4(OH)2 c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: mm2 (probable), or 2=m 2=m 2=m: As interlocking anhedral crystals, to 2 mm. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Imperfect on 001 . Hardness = 5.5 D(meas.) = 4.00(2) D(calc.) = 4.045 f g » Optical Properties: Transparent and translucent lamellae alternating 001 . Color: Violet-pink, with a brownish tinge; light pink in thin section. Strekakf: Light pink. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial ({). Orientation: X = b; Y = c; Z = a. Dispersion: r > v; moderate. ® = 1.772(4) ¯ = 1.783(4) ° = 1.789(4) 2V(meas.) = 72± Cell Data: Space Group: P bn21 (probable), or P bnm: a = 4.875(2) b = 10.709(6) c = 28.18(2) Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Franklin, New Jersey, USA. 2.557 (100), 1.806 (100), 2.869 (78), 2.752 (49), 2.702 (46), 2.362 (39), 2.661 (34) Chemistry: (1) SiO2 27.1 FeO 0.3 MnO 64.1 ZnO 3.9 MgO 1.4 CaO 0.4 F 0.0 H2O 2.13 Total 99.3 (1) Franklin, New Jersey, USA; by electron microprobe, H2O by the Pen¯eld method; corresponds to (Mn7:86Zn0:59Mg0:24Ca0:16Fe0:14)§=8:99(SiO4)4(OH)2: Polymorphism & Series: Dimorphous with sonolite. Mineral Group: Leucophoenicite group. Occurrence: In a metamorphosed stratiform Zn-Mn deposit. Association: Franklinite, willemite, zincite, sonolite, leucophoenicite, tephroite. Distribution: From Franklin, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA. Name: In honor of Professor Gerald V. Gibbs, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Hardystonite from the Desert View Mine, California
    Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Faculty Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship Spring 2014 Hardystonite From the Desert View Mine, California James A. Van Fleet Bucknell University, [email protected] Earl R. Verbeek Sterling Hill Mining Museum Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/fac_journ Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Van Fleet, James A. and Verbeek, Earl R.. "Hardystonite From the Desert View Mine, California." The Picking Table: Journal of the Franklin-Ogdensburg Mineralogical Society (2014) : 15-17. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hardystonite From the Desert View Mine, California EARL R. VERBEEK, PhD RESIDENT GEOLOGIST, STERLING HILL MINING MUSEUM 30 PLANT STREET, OGDENSBURG, NJ 07439 [email protected] JAMES VAN FLEET 222 MARKET STREET MIFFLINBURG, PA 17844 [email protected] INTRODUCTION View Mine and further strengthen its mineralogical similarities to Franklin. Although much of the original geology has been In late December of 2012, Kevin Brady, an accomplished obliterated by intrusion of the granodiorite, Leavens and Patton and knowledgeable field collector of minerals, sent to one of (2008) provided mineralogical and geochemical evidence that us (ERV) a specimen of an unknown mineral that he noted the Desert View deposit, like that at Franklin, is exhalative, fluoresced deep violet under shortwave (SW) ultraviolet light and that it is genetically intermediate between the Franklin- and thus resembled hardystonite.
    [Show full text]