UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Professional Paper 180 THE MINERALS OF FRANKLIN AND STERLING HILL SUSSEX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY BY CHARLES PALACHE - : ~· : • • 0 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFI CE WASHINGTON: 1935 For salo by tbe Superintendent of Document&, Wasbiugtoo, D.C. ------ Prico 30 ceota Original from byGoogle UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Generated on 2012-04-01 03:40 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015031076071 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES 123 PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES Physical proptrlies.-Chlorophoenicite is light gray­ Occurrtnce.-Chlorophoenicite, discovered by Gage 123 ish green in natural light but is pink or light purplish in 1923, was described in a preliminary paper by Physical properties.—Chlorophoenicite is light gray- red in artificial light, hence its name, from Greek words Foshag and Gage (231) and more fully by Foshag, ish green in natural light but is pink or light purplish for those colors. It is optically biaxial and negative; Berman, and Gage in 1924. It was first found in red in artificial light, hence its name, from Greek words the plane of the optic axes is the plane of symmetry; pillars of ore between the 500- and 600-foot levels in for those colors. It is optically biaxial and negative; 2V = 83° ± 2°; r>v (strong); a= 1.682, ~ = 1.690, the mine at Franklin, where crystals of it were im­ the plane of the optic axes is the plane of symmetry; 'Y = 1.697. The cleavage is good parallel to the ortho­ planted on the surfaces of cracks and slickensides in 2V=83°±2°; r>v (strong); a =1.682, 0 = 1.690, pinacoid, the luster is vitreous to pearly, especially massive franklinite-willemite ore, associated with y = 1.697. The cleavage is good parallel to the ortho- on cleavage surfaces, and the hardness is 3 to 3.5. 1 crystals of leucophoenicite and calcite and more rarely pinacoid, the luster is vitreous to pearly, especially The specific gravity is 3.46. of tephroite. Its slender needles resemble rather on cleavage surfaces, and the hardness is 3 to 3.5. Composition.-Chlorophoenicite is a hydrous man­ closely crystals of transparent willemite. The specific gravity is 3.46. Composition.—Chlorophoenicite is a hydrous man- ganese-zinc arsenate containing some magnesium, Chlorophoenicite has also been found in radiate ganese-zinc arsenate containing some magnesium, calcium, and iron. aggregates of acicular crystals on the 900-foot level calcium, and iron. Analy8i3 of chlorophoenicite in the mine at Sterling Hill, associated with calcite %*v and barite. (W . F: Fosbag (231), analyst) Analysis of chlorophoenicite In 1928 Palache (257) described flattened prisms [W. F! Fosnag (231), analyst] Percent Molecular ratio ____.:.__ ___ ---·- that were doubtfully identified as clinozoisite, though . MnO. ____ ___________ _ _ 34. 46 their optical characters did not agree v~ry closely Percent ZnO ___________ ----- - - - 29.72 0.. 365486} FeO __ ____ ___ -- - ------ - . 48 with those of that mineral. Later study by Bauer Molecular ratio . 007 . 951=10X O. 095 MgO ______ - _---- - ---- . 1. 34 . 033 and Berman (273) has shown that the crystals are MnO CaO. _____ __. ___ ____ ___ 3. 36 . 060 undoubtedly chlorophoenicite, and that name should 34.46 As,o•. ________ . ____ ___ _ 19. 24 . 084 1 xo. 084 11. 60 . 644 7XO. 092 be substituted for clinozoisite in lists of Franklin 29. 72 u,o- ------- ----------- minerals. 48 100. 20 1.34 Another interesting occurrence of cblorophoenicite 3.36 was seen in a single specimen from Franklin. In a 19.24 cavity in a carbonate vein is an aggregate of needles 11.60 of chlorophoenicite, thin bundles of needles being 0 4861! grouped with great regularity as a six-rayed sttu-. 365 Although this may be a twin aggregate, it seems more 007 H). likely that the growth was controlled by a calcite 033 crystal that was partly replaced along definite crystal­ 060j lographic directions by chlorophoenicite and then 084 wholly removed, leaving this skeletal growth of fibers. 644 ZnO . - MAGNESIUM CHLOROPHOENICITE FeO (Mg,Mn)aASt0t.7(Mg,M n)(OH)t. Monoclinic 951 = 10X0.095 Habit.-Magnesium chlorophoenicite is found in MgO --- A fibers, grouped in radial aggregate.s implanted on the CaO surface of a narrow open vein composed of zincite and As2O2 carbonates. Some of the rosettes have a. diameter = 1X0.084 of two-fifths of an inch. = 7X0. 092 H2O . - - The only specimen was collected by the late George 100. 20 Stanton in the Franklin mine on the 750-foot level FIGURE 192.—Crystal ot chlorophoenicite showing the forms c(00I), a(100), »(106), at pillar 859. r(102), M(>!'. A(203), and /KIMI. Franklin. A, Plan; B, clinographlc projec- Physical propertits.-The fibers are white or color­ tion. less but are stained brown on some surfaces. They The analysis yields the empirical formula , show the same single excellent cleavage lengthwise 10(Mn,Zn)O.As2O8.7H2O, although the arsenic is rather Ftott RE 192.- Crystal ol cbloropboenlclte sbowlng tbe Corms c(OOI) , a(IOO), t(I06) , of the fibers that is characteristic of chlorophoenicite. low for that composition. The formula may be inter- r(I02), •(!04), h{li03), and p(lll). Franklin. A, Plan; B, clinographlc projec­ 1 The specific gravity is 3.37. preted as (Mn,Zn)3As2O8.7(Mn,Zn)(OH)2. Heated tion. Optical properties.-The mineral is optically biaxial in the closed tube the mineral gives off water at a The analysis yields the empirical formula and positive, with a small optic angle. The plane of low temperature and turns black with a brilliant 10(Mn,Zn)O.As206.7H20, although the arsenic is rather the optic axes is across the fibers-that is, parallel luster but does not fuse. Before the blowpipe it is low for that composition. The formula may be inter­ to the plane of crystal symmetry. The extinction fusible with difficulty, without decrepitation. preted as (Mn,Zn)3As208.7(Mn,Zn)(OH) . Heated angle could not be measured on the material available; M385—35 9 2 Occurrence.—Chlorophoenicite, discovered by Gage in the closed tube the mineral gives off water at a r<v (strong); a=l.669, tl=l.672, 'Y=l.677, all in 1923, was described in a preliminary paper by low temperature and turns black with a brilliant ± 0.003 (Berman). Foshag and Gage (231) and more fully by Foshag, luster but does not fuse. Before the blowpipe it is Composition.-Magnesium chlorophoenicite is sim­ Berman, and Gage in 1924. It was first found in fusible wit.h difficulty, without decrepitation. ilar in composition to chlorophoenicite but contains pillars of ore between the 500- and 600-foot levels in ~ the mine at Franklin, where crystals of it were im- planted on the surfaces of cracks and slickensides in Original from massive franklinite-willemite ore, associated with D1g ize b crystals of leucophoenicite and calcite and more rarely UNIVERSITYO F ICHIG N of tephroite. Its slender needles resemble rather closely crystals of transparent willemite. Generated on 2012-04-01 03:44 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015031076071 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google Chlorophoenicite has also been found in radiate aggregates of acicular crystals on the 900-foot level in the mine at Sterling Hill, associated with calcite and barite. In 1928 Palache (257) described flattened prisms that were doubtfully identified as clinozoisite, though their optical characters did not agree very closely with those of that mineral. Later study by Bauer and Berman (273) has shown that the crystals are undoubtedly chlorophoenicite, and that name should be substituted for clinozoisite in lists of Franklin minerals. Another interesting occurrence of chlorophoenicite was seen in a single specimen from Franklin. In a cavity in a carbonate vein is an aggregate of needles of chlorophoenicite, thin bundles of needles being grouped with great regularity as a six-rayed star. Although this may be a twin aggregate, it seems more likely that the growth was controlled by a calcite crystal that was partly replaced along definite crystal- lographic directions by chlorophoenicite and then wholly removed, leaving this skeletal growth of fibers. MAGNESIUM CHIXmOPHOENICITE (Mg,Mn)2AsjOi.7(Mg,Mn) (OH)2. Monoclinie Habit.—Magnesium chlorophoenicite is found in fibers, grouped in radial aggregates implanted on the surface of a narrow open vein composed of zincite and carbonates. Some of the rosettes have a diameter of two-fifths of an inch. The only specimen was collected by the late George Stanton in the Franklin mine on the 750-foot level at pillar 859. Physical properties.—The fibers are white or color- less but are stained brown on some surfaces. They show the same single excellent cleavage lengthwise of the fibers that is characteristic of chlorophoenicite. The specific gravity is 3.37. Optical properties.—The mineral is optically biaxial and positive, with a small optic angle. The plane of the optic axes is across the fibers—that is, parallel to the plane of crystal symmetry. The extinction angle could not be measured on the material available; r<v (strong); a = 1.669, 0= 1.672, y = 1.677, all ±0.003 (Berman). Composition.—Magnesium chlorophoenicite is sim- ilar in composition to chlorophoenicite but contains 124 THE MINERALS OF FRANKLIN AND STERl-ING HILL, NEW JERSEY magnesium in place of all the zinc and part of the I e(Oll) were each found well developed on but two 124 manganese of that mineral.