A Survey for Endangered and Threatened Species on the .Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant, Johnson County, Kansas

Craig C. Freeman and William H. Busby

No. 54 November 15, 1993 A SURVEY FOR ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES ON THE SUNFLOWER ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT, JOHNSON COUNTY, KANSAS

November 15, 1993

FINAL REPORT

Craig C. Freeman and William H. Busby Kansas_ Natural Heritage Inventory Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66047-2906

Kansas Biological Survey Report No. 54 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. List of Figures...... iii

II. List of Tables...... iii

Ill. Abstract...... iv

IV. Introduction...... 1

V. Methods...... 3

VI. Results...... 7

A. Natural Communities Terrestrial...... 7 Palustrine...... 8 Riverine...... 9 Successional and other disturbed sites...... 9

8. Plants Mead's milkweed, Running buffalo clover, and Western prairie fringed orchid...... 1 0 Earleaf foxglove, Hairy false mallow, and Ozark dropseed...... 11 Other rare species...... 1 2 Floristic survey ...... ~...... 1 2

C. Animals American burying beetle...... 18 Bald eagle...... 18 Eskimo curlew...... 19 Least tern...... 1 9 Peregrine falcon...... 19 Piping plover...... 1 9 Whooping crane...... 20 Hornyhead chub...... 20 Common map turtle...... 21 Plains spotted skunk...... 21 Red belly snake...... 21 Snowy plover...... 22 Smooth earth snake...... 22 White-faced ibis...... 22 Cerulean warbler...... 23 Clanton's cave amphipod...... 23 Crawfish frog...... 24 Eastern hog nose snake...... 24 Henslow's sparrow...... 25 Loggerhead shrike...... 25 Prairie mole cricket...... 27 Regal fritillary...... 27 Faunistic survey...... 27

VII. Conclusions...... 27

VIII. Acknowledgements...... 29

IX. Literature Cited...... 29

X. Appendix A. Checklist of vascular plants of Johnson County and the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant...... 32

XI. Appendix B. List of vertebrates known and possibly occurring at Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant...... 49

XII. Appendix C. American burying beetle surveys for 1992

XIII. Appendix D. American burying beetle surveys for 1993

XIV. Appendix E. Managed area basic record and element occurrence records for Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant

ii LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Map of Johnson County, Kansas ...... 4

Figure 2. Map of areas surveyed for protected and rare plants on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant ...... 14

Figure 3. Map of areas surveyed for protected and rare animals on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant ...... 16

Figure 4. Map of element occurrences on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant ...... 1 7

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Species protected by federal and/or state laws and potentially occurring on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant ...... 5

Table 2. Summary of areas surveyed for protected and rare plants on the Sunflower Army Ammuniton Plant ...... 13

Table 3. Summary of areas surveyed for protected and rare animals on the Sunflower Army Ammuniton Plant ...... 1 5

Table 4. Summary of loggerhead shrike sightings on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant ...... 26

iii ABSTRACT

Field surveys were conducted in 1993 to determine the status and locations of threatened and endangered species on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant (SFAAP) in Johnson County, Kansas. Preliminary field assessments were conducted during March to determine the suitability of various habitats for threatened and endangered species. Habitat potentially suitable for three plant species (Asclepias meadii - Mead's milkweed, Platanthera praeclara - Western prairie fringed orchid, and Trifolium stoloniferum - Running buffalo clover) and four animal species (Nicrophorus americanus - American burying beetle, Lanius /udovicianus - Loggerhead shrike, Storeria occipitomacu/ata - Redbelly snake, and Virginia valeriae - Smooth earth snake) was identified. Life history information was used to develop a survey schedule that maximized the likelihood of finding these species if they existed on the installation. Survey techniques appropriate for target species were employed during searches. Except for the loggerhead shrike, no populations of target species were found. Shrikes were observed throughout the installation, which provides abundant nesting and foraging habitat for the species. These results do not preclude the possibility of small, isolated populations of threatened and endangered species occurring on SFAAP, but the limited amount of habitat for most of these species makes the likelihood of their presence remote. During the study, data were gathered about other rare plants and animals, natural communities, and the biota of the installation. Occurrences of two state-rare plants, Hydrophy/lum appendicu/atum and Wolffia brasiliensis, were discovered. An exemplary occurrence of eastern floodplain forest known since the 1960s was surveyed and characterized. A checklist of vertebrates known to occur or possibly occurring on SFAAP was assembled from information in the Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory databases. Also·, a checklist of vascular plants for Johnson County and SFAAP was compiled from field surveys and data in the R.L. McGregor Herbarium/Kansas Biological Survey Plant Database. Over 400 species of vascular plants were confirmed on SFAAP from floristic surveys. Despite very few occurrences of protected· and rare species, the wide variety of habitats on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant supports a biotic assemblage typical for similar sites. in northeastern Kansas. Further work on private land adjacent to the installation is needed to ascertain the full significance of many of the natural features of the plant.

iv INTRODUCTION

The Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant (SFAAP) is located in extreme eastern Kansas in northwest Johnson County (Figure 1 ). The site is approximately 10 miles northwest of downtown Olathe, Kansas. The military installation is government-owned and contractor­ operated and under the command of the U.S. Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command (Department of the Army 1978).

The Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant covers more than 9,000 acres and is roughly rectangular in shape. It is situated on a broad, north-south trending ridge south of the Kansas River between Kill Creek and Captain Creek. Uplands are mostly gently rolling, with gentle to moderately steep slopes along larger creeks. Floodplains are level to undulating. Elevations on the installation generally range from 800-950 feet msl. Maximum elevation is slightly more than 960 feet msl. Minimum elevation is 760 feet msl at the Kansas River.

Most of SFAAP is drained by three north-flowing creeks. Kill Creek and Spoon Creek drain the eastern half of the installation. Spoon Creek, with its headwaters roughly four miles due south of SFAAP, joins Kill Creek near the east-central perimeter of the plant. From there, Kill Creek flows to the Kansas River, roughly four miles to the north. Captain Creek drains the western half of the installation. Kill Creek and Captain Creek both have floodplains that are 0.2-0.5 miles wide in the vicinity of SFAAP.

The Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant lies on the border between the Osage Plains and Dissected Till Plains physiographic divisions (Schoewe 1949). The oldest exposed bedrock on the installation comprises Pennsylvanian limestones and shales of the Kansas City Group (Ross 1991, Zeller 1968). These strata crop out along the lower reaches of Spoon and Kill Creek. Younger limestones and shales of the Lansing Group are exposed along the upper reaches of the major creeks (Ross 1991, Zeller 1968). Uplands, particularly in the central part of the installation, bear a mantle of Kansan age till and fluvial deposits.

Five major soil associations occur on SFAAP; three cover very limited areas. Soils of the Woodson-Pawnee association cover most of the installation. These upland soils are deep, moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained, and have a loamy or clayey subsoil. They occur on gentle to moderate slopes and formed in loess, old alluvium, or glacial till. Floodplains and terraces of Captain Creek, Kill Creek, and the lower reaches of Spoon Creek have soils of the Kennebec-Chase association. These are deep, moderately well drained to somewhat poorly drained, nearly level, and have a loamy to clayey subsoil. They formed in alluvium. Soils with limited distribution are the Sibleyville-Martin association on uplands in the extreme southeast, the Eudora-Kima association on the floodplain of the Kansas River, and the Sharpsburg-Oska association along bluffs of the river.

Kuchler (1974) mapped the potential natural vegetation of northern and eastern Johnson County as a mosaic of bluestem prairie and northeastern oak-hickory forest. Historically, upland sites were dominated by tall and medium-tall grasses and supported a rich variety of graminoids and herbaceous plants. Woody species were scattered or absent. Broadleaf deciduous forests dominated by oaks and hickories occupied the slopes of creek and river valleys, occasionally extending onto the uplands. Floodplains comprised a mix of floodplain forests, low prairies, and freshwater marshes.

1 Since the 1850s, the natural vegetation of the area has undergone dramatic change. Most of the county was plowed by the turn of the century. In recent decades, economic growth in the Kansas City metropolitan area has created a tremendous demand for land. Johnson County includes several of the fastest growing communities in Kansas (Johnson County Planning Office 1991 ). These two factors figure prominently in transformation of the Johnson County landscape. Today, natural areas - tracts of land unaltered or minimally altered by human activities - persist largely in scattered sites surrounded by cropland, urban areas, and roads.

A comprehensive survey of the natural areas of Johnson County has not been completed by the Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory (KSNHI), but available data suggest that high quality prairies, forests, and wetlands are uncommon. Lauver (1989) developed a preliminary natural community classification of Kansas. His work is ongoing, but an estimated 100 natural community types may exist in the state. Seventeen of these occur or may occur in Johnson County. Terrestrial (upland) natural communities include limestone glade, sandstone glade, northeastern tallgrass prairie, southeastern tallgrass prairie, northeastern woodland, cross timbers woodland, and eastern upland forest. Palustrine (wetland) communities are freshwater marsh, neutral seep, eastern low prairie, shrub swamp, floodplain woodland, and eastern floodplain forest. Riverine (aquatic) natural communities include spring and spring run, intermittent stream, perennial stream, and perennial river.

The vegetation of the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant is mainly cool-season pasture dominated by introduced grasses and other weedy species. Most of these pastures are grazed by domestic livestock. Approximately 8% of the installation is timbered (Department of the Army 1 980), primarily along creeks on the east and west edges. These woodlands are managed under a plan developed in cooperation with State and Extension Forestry at Kansas State University in the mid-1 960s (Department of the Army 1 978, Kansas State University 1993). The plan addresses forest mapping and classification, administration, monitoring and management of forest resources, and tree planting and plantation management (Kansas State University 1993).

In the late 1970s, the U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency conducted a baseline study of surface waters of SFAAP as a guide to assessing future impacts from discharge of the facility's nitroguanidine production wastewater (Department of the Army 1978). In addition to water chemistry data, biological information about bacteria, diatoms, macroinvertebrates, and fishes was compiled. Additional biological data were summarized in an installation assessment report in 1980, which reported lists of fish and wildlife, plants with food or cover for values for wildlife, and rare and endangered animals on or near the site (Department of the Army 1980).

Scientists from the Kansas Biological Survey (KBS) have gathered extensive information about the flora and fauna of eastern Kansas during the past several decades. Most voucher collections have been deposited at the University of Kansas in the R.L. McGregor Herbarium, Museum of Natural History, and Invertebrate Collection of the Kansas Biological Survey. However, prior to this study, KBS staff had spent almost no time on SFAAP.

Species of federal and state concern that occur or may occur in the vicinity of the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant are listed in Table 1. Species of federal concern are listed species

2 (endangered or threatened) and candidates for listing. Species of state concern include listed species and Species In Need Of Conservation (SINC = watchlist species). Federal candidate species have no formal protection under the Endangered Species Act. Species in Need of Conservation receive no legal protection from habitat impacts under the Kansas Nongame and Endangered Species Conservation Act, but the Kansas Dept. of Wildlife and Parks may suggest how projects can proceed while minimizing impacts to such species.

METHODS

During March of 1993, field assessments were conducted at SFAAP to evaluate habitats for their potential to support the species listed in Table 1. Life history information was used to develop a survey schedule that maximized the likelihood of finding target species if they existed on the installation. The schedule considered the behavior of target species and land use practices employed on SFAAP. During field surveys, general observations of the flora and fauna of the site also were made.

A. Natural Communities

Field surveys conducted throughout 1993 provided information about the kinds, distribution, and condition of natural communities on SFAAP. Interdependent organisms living together in the same environment form a natural community, such as a tallgrass prairie or an oak­ hickory forest. Natural communities unaltered or minimally altered by human activities generally support the greatest variety of organisms and are of particular interest to KSNHI.

A grade is assigned to each natural community occurrence (and species occurrence) to summarize its quality, condition, viability, and defensibility. Four grades ranging from A-Dare used. An A-grade occurrence is pristine or relatively undisturbed, while a D-grade site is severely disturbed, but, in the case of a natural community, still retains some semblance of its pre-European settlement character. Typically, KSNHI gathers detailed information only about A- and B-grade community occurrences. Limited information is gathered for most C­ grade occurrences, and D-grade sites receive no more attention than is necessary to assign a grade. Information about lower quality sites may be useful (e.g. as buffers for high quality core areas, links between high quality sites, restoration projects, and public use areas). These areas sometimes are identified and characterized if the information is deemed potentially useful, but normally they are not added to the Heritage database. Minimum size requirements also have been established by KSNHI for natural community occurrences. Currently, upland and floodplain forests must be 15 acres or larger for inclusion in the Heritage database. Generally, prairies must be 5 acres or larger. Occurrences smaller than these minimums occasionally are permitted when they are known to support globally rare species.

B. Plants

Early field assessments revealed exceedingly limited habitat on SFAAP that was potentially suitable for target plant species. Nevertheless, detailed surveys were conducted for Mead's milkweed and Western prairie fringed orchid in the small patches of tallgrass prairie that are

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FIGURE 1. Map of Johnson County, Kansas. Sunflower Army Ammunition is cross-hatched.

4 TABLE 1. Species protected by federal and/or state laws and potentially occurring on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. An asterisk follows the common name of species for which surveys were conducted.

Common Name Scientific Name Status'

Mead's Milkweed* Asc/epias meadii Torrey LT,­ Running Buffalo-clover• Trifolium stoloniferum Muhlenb. ex A. Eat. LE,­ Western Prairie Fringed Orchid• Platanthera praeclara Shev. & M. Bowles LT,-

Animals

American Burying Beetle* Nicrophorus americanus Oliv. LE,E Bald Eagle* Haliaeetus /eucocephalus (Linnaeus) LE,E Cerulean Warbler• Dendroica ceru/ea {Wilson) C2,SINC Clanton's Cave Amphipod* Stygobromus c/antoni (Creaser) C2,- Common Map Turtle Graptemys geographica {Lesueur) - ,T Crawfish Frog• Rana areo/ata Baird and Girard - ,SINC Eastern Hog nose Snake• Heterodon platirhinos Latreille - ,SINC Eskimo Curlew Numenius borealis (Forster) LE,E Henslow's Sparrow• Ammodramus henslowii {Audubon) C2,SINC Hornyhead Chub Nocomis biguttatus (Kirtland) - ,T Least Tern Sterna antillarum {Lesson) LE,E Loggerhead Shrike• Lanius /udovicianus Linnaeus C2,­ Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Tunstall LE,E Piping Plover Charadrius melodus Ord LT,T Plains Spotted Skunk Spilogale putorius putorius {Raf.) C2,T Prairie Mole Cricket• Gry!lotalpa major Saussure C2,SINC Red belly Snake• Storeria occipitomaculata {Storer) - ,T Regal Fritillary • Speyeria ida/ia {Drury) C2,- Smooth Earth Snake* Virginia valeriae Baird and Girard - ,T Snowy Plover Charadrius alexandrinus Linneaus C2,T White-faced Ibis P/egadis chihi {Viellot) C2,T Whooping Crane Grus americana {Linneaus) LE,E

'Status abbreviations are as follows: LE = listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. LT = listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. C2 = candidate for listing; information being gathered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. E = listed as endangered by the Kansas Dept. of Wildlife & Parks. T = listed as threatened by the Kansas Dept. of Wildlife & Parks. SINC = listed as a Species In Need Of Conservation by Kansas Dept. of Wildlife & Parks.

5 scattered across the installation. Surveys for both species were initiated when blooming plants were seen at other sites in the state. Apparently because of abnormally cool and wet weather early in the growing season, blooming occurred three to four weeks later than is typical in both species. Flowering individuals of Mead's milkweed and Western prairie fringed orchid were observed at a number of sites in Kansas from early to late June.

Surveys for target plant species were conducted throughout the growing season. Potential habitat was searched by walking through areas believed to be most suitable for the species. For Mead's milkweed, attention was given to dry-mesic to mesic sites with well drained soils. Mesic to wet-mesic draws, swales, depressions, and seeps on slopes in prairies were checked for Western prairie fringed orchid. Surveys of large areas often lasted several hours. Within these areas, surveys of potential habitat for target species typically lasted 10-30 minutes, depending on the quality and quantity of the habitat.

Surveys also were made for federal candidate species and other rare plants tracked by the Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory. Three federal candidate plant species are known from extant or historical populations in Johnson county: Earleaf foxglove [Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf.], Hairy false mallow [Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochr.)], and Ozark dropseed (Sporobolus ozarkanus Fern). The former is a Category 2 species; the latter recently were dropped from Category 2 to Category 3 status (Department of the Interior 1993). Attempts were made to locate populations of roughly a dozen other plant species considered rare in Kansas were suitable habitat was found. General floristic information also was gathered and voucher specimens were collected for many species.

C. Animals

Preliminary field assessments for the animal species indicated by asterisk in Table 1 revealed that suitable habitat was present for some species and not for others. Due·to lack of suitable habitat, no species-specific surveys were conducted for the bald eagle, cerulean warbler, crawfish frog, eastern hognose snake, Henslow's sparrow, prairie mole cricket, and regal fritillary butterfly. Surveys were made for American burying beetle, Clanton's cave amphipod, loggerhead shrike, redbelly snake, and smooth earth snake.

American burying beetle surveys were conducted on SFAAP on 5-8 August 1992 and 9-14 June 1993. Following a technique modified from Kozol (1990), a series of pitfall traps baited with rotten chicken were placed at four sites each year (Appendix C and D). Traps were checked each morning for the presence of carrion beetles (family Silphidae). Carrion beetles were collected and later identified by Steve Lingafelter at the Snow Entomological Museum at the University of Kansas.

Groundwater wells were sampled for Clanton's cave amphipod on 22-28 September 1993. Traps modified from small glass jars and baited with shrimp and catfish bait (Busby & Danoff­ burg 1992) were placed in 8 wells on 22 September (Figure 4). The traps were then checked on 24 September and 28 September for subterranean crustaceans.

Loggerhead shrikes were surveyed by driving through suitable habitat and watching for shrikes throughout the duration of the project. Suitable habitat consists of open grassland with isolated trees and hedgerows. The location, date, behavior, and number of individuals were

6 recorded. Most shrike observations were made incidentally during other field work. However, a special effort was made to check all areas of suitable habitat over the course of this species' breeding season (approximately 1 April through 31 July).

Surveys for the redbelly snake and smooth earth snake were conducted in riparian forest and oak woodlands along Captain, Spoon, and Kill Creeks between 7 April and 28 September 1993. Two techniques were used. Artificial cover objects (pieces of plywood or corrugated metal 3-9 square feet in size) were placed in floodplain forest at one site along Captain Creek (13 shelters) and Kill Creek (14 shelters; Figure 3). Cover objects were checked approximately 8 times for the presence of reptiles and amphibians between 22 April and 28 September.

This study does not address protected and rare species in the Kansas River.

RESULTS

A. Natural Communities

Early field assessments confirmed that most of the installation has been developed or has a history of intensive agricultural use. Major natural community types identified on SFAAP are described below.

1 . Terrestrial

Public Land Surveys of Johnson County were conducted from 1855-1856 (Guilfoyle 1993). They reveal roughly 84% of the county was covered by prairie and 16% by forest. In the vicinity of SFAAP, forests were confined to narrow, nearly continuous bands along Kill and Captain Creeks from the Kansas River south approximately 10 miles (Guilfoyle 1993). Spoon Creek similarly was forested. Nearly all upland areas and some bottomlands were covered by prairie. When compared with the distribution of forests and prairies in this area today, these records provide valuable clues about the locations of potentially significant remnant forests.

Two of the seven terrestrial natural community types listed earlier as possibly occurring in Johnson County were identified on SFAAP. They are eastern upland forest and southeastern tallgrass prairie.

Forests are natural communities with a tree cover of 50% or greater and three distinct canopy layers (Lauver 1989). Most occupy gentle to moderately steep slopes on uplands and steep valley sides. Exemplary occurrences are dominated by Quercus (Q. borea/is var. maxima, Q. macrocarpa, 0. muehlenbergii, and Q. velutina) and Carya (C. cordiformis and C. ovata). Other common forest trees are Ce/tis occidenta!is, Fraxinus americana, Jug/ans nigra, Marus rubra, Ulm us americana, and U. rubra. Characteristic understory shrubs and vines are Aescu!us g!abra var. arguta, Asimina triloba, Cercis canadensis, Camus drummondii, Ostrya virginiana, Parthenocissus quinquefo!ia, Smilax hispida, Staphylea trifolia, and Symphoricarpos orbicu!atus. Common herbs and graminoids are Botrychium virginianum, Bromus pubescens, C. davisii, C. jamesii, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Desmodium glutinosum, Festuca subverticillata, Ga/ium aparine, lsopyrum biternatum, Lactuca floridana, Phlox divaricata

7 subsp. laphamii, Podophyllum peltatum, Sanicula canadensis, S. gregaria, So/idago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia, and V. pubescens.

Eastern upland forest is a common natural community type on SFAAP; however, most occurrences visited during this study were found to be moderately to severely disturbed and/or, they did not meet KSNHl's minimum size requirements for inclusion in the Heritage database. The best occurrences are located along Captain Creek in Timber Compartments I (Unit A and B) and II (Unit A - southern half, Unit B, and Unit C) and the lower reaches of Kill Creek in Compartment V (Unit A). These tracts all fall within areas recorded as forest when Public Land Surveys were conducted for Johnson County. However, the full significance of these tracts of forest must await the completion of natural community surveys on private land adjacent to SFAAP. Clearly, they provide habitat for many of the plants and animals that occur in the area (Appendix A and B).

Prairies are grassland communities dominated by graminoid and herbaceous species, often with scattered low shrubs (Lauver 1989). Southeastern tallgrass prairies are dominated by Andropogon gerardii, A. scoparius, and Sorghastrum nutans. Common shrubs are Amorpha canescens, Rhus glabra, and R. copal/ina. Characteristic herbs and graminoids on high quality sites are Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster praea/tus var. praealtus, Baptisia austra/is, Dalea purpurea var. purpurea, Desmanthus illinoensis, Eryngium yuccifolium, Euphorbia corollata, He/ianthus pauciflorus var. pauciflorus, Panicum virgatum, Si!phium laciniatum, So/idago canadensis, S. rigida, and Sporobolus asper.

Prairie was the dominant vegetation type in Johnson County when Public Land Surveys were conducted in the mid-1850s (Guilfoyle 1993). Unfortunately, few areas of virgin prairie remain in the county. All remnant prairies on SFAAP are small - usually less than an acre in size. Most are moderately to severely degraded due to grazing, elimination of fire, which has resulted in encroachment by woody vegetation, or other factors that could not be determined during this study. For this reason, none was mapped and included in this report. Despite their extremely limited area on SFAAP, they contribute significantly to the overall species and habitat diversity of the installation (Appendix A and B).

2. Palustrine

Limited historical information exists about the diversity and extent of wetland natural communities in Johnson County at the time of European settlement. Guilfoyle ( 1 993) mapped the locations of some historical and extant forested wetlands, but his study did not examine other wetland types. Eastern floodplain forest is the only major palustrine natural community type identified on SFAAP during this study. However, it is difficult to overstate the importance of riparian habitats as a whole. Not only do they have a prominent role in providing habitat for a host of plants and animals, but they help maintain water quality and quantity, provide economic benefits from timber products, pasture land, and crop land, and contribute to the overall aesthetics of the area.

Floodplain forests are palustrine natural communities that occupy level to undulating floodplains along major creeks and the Kansas River. Dominant species include Acer saccharinum, Ce/tis occidenta!is, Popu!us de/toides subsp. monilifera, Platanus occidentalis, Fraxinus americana, Ulmus americana, and U. rubra. Characteristic understory shrubs are

8 Aescu/us glabra var. arguta, Asimina tri!oba, Staphylea trifolia, and Symphoricarpos orbicu/atus. Common herbs and graminoids are Campanula americana, Chasmanthium latifolium, Cinna arundinacea, Dichanthelium c!andestinum, Hydrophyllum virginianum, /sopyrum biternatum, Laportea canadensis, Pi/ea pumi!a, Po!ygonum virginianum, and Verbesina alternifo/ia.

In the 1960s, State and Extension Forestry identified an exemplary 18-acre stand of floodplain forest in the extreme southwest corner of the installation. The forest is located in the SW 1 /4 sec 36, T13S, R21 E. This site was nominated on 28 August 1985 for registry as a natural area under the Natural and Scientific Areas Program administered by the Kansas Biological Survey. Later that year, the tract was visited by a scientist from KBS. A brief report prepared in support of the nomination described the vegetation of the site and reported no federal listed or candidate plants for the forest area (Brooks 1985).

The outstanding quality of this occurrence was confirmed during this study. Floristic and faunistic surveys in the floodplain forest did not yield occurrences of rare plants or animals, but the species richness is consistent with other high quality eastern floodplain forests known in eastern Kansas. Current management practices appear to be maintaining the quality and diversity of the site. The occurrence, CPAAAPAAKS*009*KS, has been mapped and added to the KSNHI database. An element occurrence record and managed area basic record for the site are presented in Appendix E.

The streams and many scattered impoundments on SFAAP offer a diversity of wetland habitats, most of them highly localized. Common species include Carex spp., Cyperus spp., Bidens aristosa var. retrorsa, Impatiens capensis, Lobe/ia siphilitica, Polygonum !apathifolium, P. pensy/vanicum, Scirpus spp., Spartina pectinata, and Typha latifolia.

3. Riverine

Riverine natural communities on SFAAP are represented by intermittent stream, perennial stream, and perennial river. Unfortunately, accurate assessment of the quality and significance of these communities must await further refinement of the aquatic portion of KSNHl's natural community classification. Aquatic surveys of many eastern tributaries to the Kansas River have been conducted by KBS during the past several decades. Data from those studies, plus information gathered by other researchers should provide a valuable baseline against which changes in riverine natural communities can be tracked. However, all of this information has yet to be compiled and analyzed.

4. Successional Areas and Other Disturbed Sites

These habitats, which include cool-season pastures, old fields (abandoned farmland), roadsides, ditches, and forest clearings, are similar in that they have been altered by major ecosystem disturbances. If permitted to undergo succession, these areas pass through a predictable series of vegetative stages. Disturbed areas initially are dominated by weedy herbaceous annuals for several years. Eventually, herbaceous biennial and perennial plants replace the annuals. Ultimately, in the absence of further human disturbance or manipulation, including fire, woody species dominate and the site is transformed into a woodland. Common species of disturbed sites include Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. trifida, Asc/epias syriaca, Bromus

9 inermis, 8. japonicus, Conyza canadensis, Eragrostis cilianensis, E. pectinacea, Gaura parviflora, Melilotus alba, M. officinalis, Poa pratensis, Setaria faberi, S. glauca, Taraxacum officinale, Verbascum thapsus, and Xanthium strumarium.

Large areas of SFAAP are dominated by introduced grasses, but they often contain remnant or colonizing' prairie species. Most are grazed. Common species include Bromus inermis, Festuca arundinacea, P. pratensis, Sporobolus asper, and Tridens flavus. Common remnant or colonizing prairie species are Asclepias viridis, A. vertici/lata, Desmanthus illinoensis, Desmodium illinoense, Rue//ia humilis, and Silphium laciniatum.

B. Plants

More than two dozen sites distributed throughout the SFAAP were surveyed for protected and rare plants (Figure 2). Nearly 80 person hours of field work were spent in this effort (Table 2). Many additional sites were checked briefly on foot (survey time < 0.2 hrs). These sites are not reported.

Species accounts are presented below for plants listed in Table 1. In addition, information is provided for federal candidate and other rare species known or believed to occur in the area. Accounts are organized by protection status.

1. Federal Listed Species: Mead's milkweed (Asc/epias meadii Torrey ex A. Gray), Running buffalo clover (Trifolium sto/oniferum Muhlenb. ex A. Eat), and Western prairie fringed orchid (P/atanthera praeclara Shev. & M. Bowles)

Past Records. Mead's milkweed is a perennial herb of tallgrass prairies in the Midwest and eastern Great Plains. Nearly 100 occurrences are known in the eastern fifth of Kansas. Most populations occur on dry-mesic to mesic tallgrass prairies that are hayed annually. A few sites also are known to be grazed lightly during the winter. Numerous occurrences are known from Douglas, Johnson, and Miami· counties. A small, previously unknown population of Mead's milkweed was discovered on 25 June 1993 on a tract of native prairie less than 0.5 miles east of SFAAP.

Running buffalo clover is a perennial member of the pea family. It resembles white clover (Trifolium repens L.) but can be recognized by the presence of a pair of bracts on the flowering stem. The species occurred historically in floodplain forests in the Ohio and lower Missouri River valleys. It was reported in Kansas in 1884 and 1 885 from Miami County (Brooks & Freeman 1989).

Western prairie fringed orchid is a perennial plant that grows on tallgrass prairies in the western Midwest and eastern Great Plains. Scattered populations have been documented from 22 sites in 15 counties in eastern Kansas (Freeman & Hall 1991 ). Extant populations are known in Douglas, Jefferson, Osage, and Leavenworth counties. The species has been reported once in Johnson County in 1 970 from a prairie roughly six miles east of SFAAP. This population has been destroyed (Freeman & Brooks 1989).

Available Habitat and Surveys. Extensive surveys revealed limited native tallgrass prairie and floodplain forest on SFAAP. Small, isolated tracts of prairie occur primarily along the eastern

10 and western perimeters in close assocIatIon with wooded ravines along Kill, Spoon, and Captain Creeks. Nearly all sites appear to have been disturbed in the past, judging from the absence of conservative plant species and the low species richness. Despite extensive surveys, no populations of Mead's milkweed or Western prairie fringed orchid were discovered on the installation. Similarly, floodplain forest is restricted to small areas along major creeks. No populations of Running buffalo clover were found in any of these tracts.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Because suitable habitat for Mead's milkweed, Western prairie fringed orchid, and Running buffalo clover is limited on SFAAP, populations are unlikely to exist on the installation.

Recommendations. No recommendations are made for these three species.

2. Federal Candidate Species: Earleaf foxglove [Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf.], Hairy false mallow [Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochr.)J, and Ozark dropseed (Sporobolus ozarkanus Fern).

Past Records. Earleaf foxglove is a fall-flowering, partially parasitic annual. It is known from less than 50 occurrences rangewide (Rawinski 1990). It occurs on rocky, damp, limestone and sometimes sandstone prairies in the eastern fifth of Kansas. The species may depend on areas subjected to natural disturbance (Orzell & Summers 1983). Earleaf foxglove was collected in Johnson County in 1969 on a rocky, prairie hay meadow northwest of Olathe. The site has been destroyed (Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory, unpublished data). An extant population in Douglas County is roughly 15 miles southwest of SFAAP.

Hairy false mallow is an annual herb that grows on dry, rocky, limestone and sandstone tallgrass prairies, gravelly barrens, and pasture. It has been reported from 43 counties in eastern and central Kansas, including Johnson County. Because of its abundance in the state, Hairy false mallow is not tracked by KSNHI.

Ozark dropseed is an inconspicuous annual grass of rocky, limestone and sandstone tallgrass and mixed grass prairies and rocky waste areas. Populations are known from 20 Kansas counties, primarily in the eastern half of the state. The species is not tracked by KSNHI because of its abundance. Prior to this study, the species had not been reported from Johnson County.

Available Habitat and Surveys. Abundant habitat for all three federal candidate species was observed throughout the installation. Numerous areas of rocky, degraded, limestone prairie exist along the east and west edges of SFAAP. However, careful field surveys of many of these areas failed to reveal populations of Earleaf foxglove or Hairy false mallow. A sizeable population of Ozark dropseed was discovered on 22 September near the east-central edge of the installation. This occurrence was found in a clearing west of the perimeter road and east of oak-hickory forests along Spoon Creek in the E 1 /2, SW 1 /4 sec 29, T13S, R23E. At this site, plants were just beginning to bloom and were growing in association with S. neglectus Nash, S. asper (Michx.) Kunth var. asper, and Aristida longespica Poiret var. /ongespica.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Despite the fact that Earleaf foxglove and Hairy false mallow were not observed during this study, there is a reasonably good chance that

11 populations of both may exist on the installation. Earleaf foxglove is most likely to occur in degraded, moist prairies on uplands along Kill, Spoon, and Captain Creeks. Hairy false mallow has a wider ecological amplitude and could be encountered almost anywhere on the site, except in developed areas. Even though only one population of Ozark dropseed was found, the species probably is widespread on SFAAP. The species was discovered on the last day of field work. Because of the termination date of this project, it was not possible to check other areas carefully for the species.

Recommendations. Earleaf foxglove remains a Category 2 species on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's list of candidate species (Department of the Interior 1993). Because of its rarity, any population discovered on SFAAP should be protected. The most serious threats to the species in our region appear to be development and encroachment by woody vegetation. Grazing is not known to be incompatible with the maintenance of populations. Hairy false mallow and Ozark dropseed recently were dropped to Category 3 status (Department of the Interior 1993). This status indicates that sufficient data have accrued to suggest that the species are not currently in danger of extinction. Therefore, no protection recommendations are necessary.

3. Other Rare Species.

One occurrence each of two state-rare plants was found during this study. A large, localized population of Appendage waterleaf (Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx.) was discovered in floodplain forest along Kill Creek in the northeast part of SFAAP. Only eight occurrences of the species are known statewide. Papillary watermeal (Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd.), a minute aquatic plant, was discovered in two water tanks in the east-central part of the installation. This species currently is known from only one other site in Kansas. Element occurrence records for these two populations are presented in Appendix E.

4. Floristic Survey.

A checklist of vascular plants for Johnson County is presented in Appendix A. The list is based on voucher specimens in the R.L. McGregor Herbarium (KANU). Taxa are listed alphabetically by family, genus, species, subspecies, and variety, respectively. Nomenclature follows that used in the KANU/KBS Plant Database, which is maintained at the Herbarium. The typical habitat of each taxon is designated by one or more letter: A = aquatic; D = disturbed sites and early successional areas; F = forest; P = prairie; and W = wetland.

A total of 108 families, 685 species, and 699 taxa (includes infraspecific taxa) is listed. During this study, 445 numbers were collected on SFAAP representing 407 taxa (Appendix A) or 58% of the taxa currently known from the county. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the R.L. McGregor Herbarium. Roughly 15% of these taxa represent county records, suggesting the need for additional floristic work in the area.

C. Animals

After preliminary field assessment of potential habitat for the species in Table 1, detailed field surveys were conducted for the following species: American burying beetle, Clanton's cave amphipod, Loggerhead shrike, Redbelly snake, and Smooth earth snake.

12 Table 2. Summary of areas surveyed for protected and rare plants on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant.

DATE LOCATION DURATION' NOTES2

1993-05-13 T13S R22E SEC08 E2 SE4 1.0 Collections 4846-4855 1993-05-13 T13S R21E SEC24 E2 SW4 3.5 Collections 4856-4879 1993-05-13 T13S R22E SEC32 S2 NW4 4.5 Collections 4880-4890

1993-05-21 T13S R22E SEC08 E2 SE4 4.5 Collections 4891-4914 1993-05-21 T13S R22E SEC29 E2 SW4 5.0 Collections 4915-4935 1993-05-21 T13S R22E SEC21 NW4 NW4 0.5 Collection 4936

1993-05-27 T13S R22E SEC08 S2 NE4 7.0 Collections 4937-4976

1993-07-20 Tl 3S R22E SEC08 S2 NE4 6.0 Collections 5060-5117 1993-07-20 T13S R22E SEC05 NE4 & 4.0 Collections 5118-5145 SEC04 NW4

1993-08-04 T13S R22E SEC17 NE4 SE4 2.5 Collections 5146-5157 1993-08-04 T13S R22E SEC17 SE4 NW4 1.0 Collections 5158-5173 1993-08-04 T1 3S R22E SEC20 NW4 & 1.0 Collections 5174-5183 NE4 NW4 1993-08-04 Tl 3S R22E SEC29 E2 SW4 3.5 Collections 5184-5201 1993-08-04 Tl 3S R22E SEC32 N2 NW4 1 .5 Collections 5202-5210

1993-08-09 Tl 3S R22E SEC18 SE4 1.5 Collections 5214-5220 1993-08-09 Tl 3S R21 E SEC25 N2 NE4 4.0 Collections 5221-5241 1993-08-09 Tl 3S R21 E SEC24 S2 SE4 1.0 Collections 5242-5245 1993-08-09 Tl 3S R21ESEC13 S2 NW4 2.0 Collections 5246-5259 1993-08-09 Tl 3S R21ESEC13 NE4 0.5 Collection 5260

1993-09-01 Tl 3S R21 E SEC36 W4 7.0 Collection 5457-5496

1993-09-22 T13S R22E SEC29 E2 SW4 5.5 Collections 5653-5680 1993-09-22 T13S R22E SEC20 SW4 NW4 0.5 Collections 5681-5685 1993-09-22 T13S R22E SEC05 S2 SE4 2.5 Collections 5686-5698

1993-09-23 Tl 3S R22E SEC05 NE4 NE4 & 3.5 Collections 5699-5717 SEC04 W2 NW4 1993-09-23 Tl 3S R22E SECOS NW4 0.5 Collections 5 71 8-5 71 9 NW4NW4 1993-09-23 Tl 3S R22E SEC08 NE4 2.5 Collections 5720-5728

1 Hours spent surveying the site. 2 Collection numbers are those of Craig C. Freeman.

13 LJ 10 9Slh ST. [

103rd ST. ~ illw a: (.) ::l I I l====10=7=1h=ST=.dl ;;: I 7 I I 111tnST. ----r------~------I •s~NFLOWE;R

1 I 18 I I • I □ O I119th ST. ___ L: ______ARMY :I 1 [

(5 : I

ii ArMU 19 TIO~ e zo

~I ! I §i===~-!!!\!.'1----~_P_½~I- ~- ~-1111111111-~=#==~~===~ I I I I I I 2s I' 30 I ·1 I I I 13Slh ST. I I ii" ------~------~#: SI':~. 36 I 31 I ' I I I 1143rd ST.

Figure 2. Map of areas surveyed for protected and rare plants on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant {solid dots).

14 Table 3. Summary of areas surveyed for protected and rare animals on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant.

DATE LOCATION NOTES

1993-03-06 T1 3S R22E SEC32 W2 NW4 General herp surveys

1993-04-07 T13S R21 E SEC13 SW4 Set up artifical shelters on Captain Creek 1993-04-07 T13S R21 E SEC36 SW4 SW4 Herp surveys at forest preserve

1993-04-22 T13S R22E SECOB SE4 SE4 Set up artificial shelters on Kill Creek and general herp surveys

1993-04-23 T13S R21E SEC13 SW4 Check shelters & general herp surveys near shelters 1993-04-23 T13S R21 E SEC36 W2 SW4 General herp surveys

1993-05-13 As above Check all shelters 1993-05-13 Tl 3S R21 E SEC24 E2 SW4 General herp surveys 1993-05-13 Tl 3S R22E SEC32 W2 NW4 General herp surveys

1993-05-20 As above Check all shelters & general herp surveys at Kill Creek

1993-06-01 As above Check all shelters & general herp surveys near both shelter sites

1993-06-09 T13S R21 E SEC12 S2 NW4 Set up burying beetle traps Tl 3S R21 E SEC36 NE4 NE4 Tl 3S R22E SEC32 SE4 NW4 Tl 3S R22E SECOB SE4

1993-06-10 As above Check shelters and general herp surveys

1993-06-11 As above Check beetle traps

1993-06-12 As above Check beetle traps

1993-06-13 As above Check beetle traps

1993-06-14 As above Check beetle traps

1993-06-24 As above Check all shelters and general herp surveys

1993-08-31 T13S R22E SECOB SE4 SE4 General herp surveys 1993-08-31 As above Check all shelters

1993-09-22 Place amphipod traps in wells: T13S R22E SEC20 SE4 NW4 2" PVC: E of settling ponds 1 & 2 (well #1) T1 3S R22E SEC20 SW4 SE4 Old farm well nr. SFAAP boundary (#2) T13S R22E SEC05 SE4 SE4 Old farm well in wooded draw (#31 T13S R21 E SEC24 SW4 SE4 2" PVC: SL-2 (#4), SL-4 (#5), SL-5 (#6), SL-3 1#7) T13S R21 E SEC25 NW4 NE4 Old farm well at Robert's Lake 1#8)

1993-09-24 As above Check amphipod traps

1993-09-28 As above Check & remove amphipod traps 1993-09-28 As above Check & remove all shelters

15 95tt1ST. [

"g< 103rd ST. w "'w a: u J I 107tt1ST. J I !.: I I I 111thST. ----~------~------I I 1 S~NFLOWE;R 1 18 I □ O ! 119tt1ST. ___ LI ______ARMY iI [ I ~ I I

~i A~MU 19 TIO~ • 20

~·8'====~~!!!!!!1~----~------L- 41: PLANT : : . I 25 30 I ·1 I I I ._ 135tt1ST. ------d------~ ✓ I c#f' I 36 I 31 ' I *'I I I I I 1143,o ST. I

I Figure 3. Map of areas surveyed for protected and rare animals on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. Solid dots = wells; open dots = beetle traps; solid stars = general herp surveys; stars in dots = herp shelters.

16 LJ 10 951h ST. [

103/dST.

I I I 7 I I I 111thST. -D-~0------1------­ S~NFLOW8R

I 18 I

11911\ST. I ARMY o ! ---L ______iI q

~ : I a:

~ i Ar-MU 19 TIO~. 20

t- I I I §1====~!!!!!!!!!!!!'11-- - _ -~ f_½~I _L _ I I I I 1 · I 25 I 30 I I I I I 0 1351h ST. < ______b. ______Lif~ 0 ~ a: I ' - w I CJf'f'· "'w I a: c,...,, I ' 36 31 z" I 8 I 0.

Figure 4. Map of element occurrences on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. Solid dots = plants; open dots = animals; solid triangles = natural communities.

17 Species accounts are presented for all animals in Table 1. Accounts are organized alphabetically by common name and grouped by protection status. Under provisions of the Kansas Nongame and Endangered Species Conservation Act, all federal listed species also are state listed.

1. Federal Listed Species

American burying beetle

Past Records. The American burying beetle was formerly widespread in eastern North America. A number of historical records are known from eastern Kansas; the closest to SFAAP is from Douglas County and the most recent is from Riley County in 1940. There are no recent records for this beetle in Kansas.

Available Habitat and Surveys. The habitat requirements of this species are poorly known, but extant populations in Nebraska, Arkansas, and Rhode Island occur in upland grassland and open forest with sandy soils. Surveys were conducted in grassland areas at SFAAP in 1992 (Appendix C) and 1993 (Appendix D). No American burying beetles were found.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. The probability that the American burying beetle occurs at SFAAP is low. Recent surveys in Kansas have failed to locate any populations of this species. The heavy soils typical of much of SFAAP are not favored by this beetle (C. Creighton, unpublished data). However, populations of this beetle used to occur in the general area, and SFAAP may contain suitable habitat.

Recommendations. None.

Bald Eagle

Past Records. Bald eagles have been observed flying over SFAAP on several occasions by employees in recent years (Bob Anderson personal communication).

Available Habitat and Surveys. The bald eagle regularly occurs near open water and along large rivers during winter in northeast Kansas. For the first time this century, bald eagles are once again breeding in the state. In 1993, pairs bred or attempted to breed at Clinton Lake, Perry Lake, Redmond Reservoir, and Hillsdale Lake. Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant, however, lacks habitat favored by this species. The only exception is the pumping station located on the Kansas River. This portion of the Kansas River frequently is used by bald eagles during the winter, but SFAAP has little river frontage and few large trees that could be used as perches by eagles.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Because of its proximity to the Kansas River, bald eagles are likely to be observed occasionally flying over SFAAP.

Recommendations. None.

18 Eskimo curlew

Past Records. In the 1800s, this bird was an abundant migrant in eastern Kansas. The closest record is from Douglas County. The species is now nearly extinct.

Available Habitat and Surveys. The Eskimo curlew reportedly visited wet meadows and open grassland in the Great Plains. No surveys were conducted during this study.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Low population numbers and the marginal habitat at SFAAP make the probability of visits by this species virtually nil.

Recommendations. None.

Least tern

Past Records. A few observations of this species exist from northeast Kansas (Thompson & Ely 1989), but the nearest breeding sites are in central Kansas and along the Missouri River in Nebraska and Missouri (Johnsgard 1979).

Available Habitat and Surveys. The least tern breeds on sparsely vegetated sandbars along rivers and in open salt flats. No suitable habitat exists at SFAAP. The Kansas River may have provided suitable breeding habitat in the past, but a reduction in flood frequency and intensive agricultural development has left little or no suitable breeding habitat.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. This bird occasionally may fly over SFAAP during migration.

Recommendations. None.

Peregrine falcon

Past Records. This raptor occurs as a rare migrant throughout Kansas. Peregrine falcons have been seen recently in Johnson County and surrounding areas, and the species has bred in downtown Kansas City and Topeka.

Available Habitat and Surveys. This bird is found in a variety of habitats during migration. Favored sites are wetlands, lakes, and large rivers, where there are concentrations of birds that are hunted by the falcon. No preferred habitat exists at SFAAP, and no surveys were conducted.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Migrating individuals occasionally may pass through the area. It is unlikely that peregrine falcons would remain for extended periods of time.

Recommendations. None.

Piping plover

Past Records. In the Great Plains, this shorebird breeds north of Kansas and is a rare migrant

19 in the state. There are a few recent observations in northeastern Kansas.

Available Habitat and Surveys. Piping plovers occupy sandy shores along rivers and lakes. No suitable habitat for the species exists at SFAAP.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Migrating birds may fly over the area rarely. The closest habitat is along the Kansas and Missouri rivers and at area reservoirs.

Recommendations. None.

Whooping crane

Past Records. Whooping cranes pass through Kansas each spring and fall during migration from the Texas coast to their breeding grounds in Canada. Most cranes pass through central Kansas. A few records exist for eastern Kansas (Thompson & Ely 1989).

Available Habitat and Surveys. This bird feeds primarily in wetlands, but occasionally it is seen at farm ponds during migration. Whooping cranes seldom stay long when migrating through Kansas.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. There is a chance that whooping cranes mayfly over any given area in eastern Kansas. However, there are no apparent features at SFAAP that would attract them to the area.

Recommendations. None.

2. State Listed Species

Hornyhead chub

Past Records. This fish was formerly widespread in tributaries of the Kansas and Marais des Cygnes drainages in Kansas. There are records as recent as the 1960s from Douglas, Franklin, and Miami counties. No records exist for SFAAP.

Available Habitat and Surveys. The hornyhead chub requires permanent, clear, rocky streams. Prior to intensive agricultural and urban development in the area, this fish may have occupied streams, such as Captain Creek and Kill Creek. This species was not recorded during fish surveys in the Kill Creek drainage in 1978 (Department of the Army 1980). No fish surveys were conducted during this study.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. It is doubtful that the hornyhead chub occurs at SFAAP.

Recommendations. This fish still occurs in the Kansas River drainage, and it may be able to recolonize turbid or polluted streams if water quality improves sufficiently. Therefore, maintenance of water quality conditions on the installation is important.

20 Common map turtle

Past Records. This turtle is known from the Marais des Cygnes and Neosho watersheds in Kansas (Collins 1993) and from all but northern portions of Missouri (Johnson 1987). The closest known populations are in Anderson and Osage counties (Edds 1991 ).

Available Habitat and Surveys. The map turtle inhabits rivers, oxbows, and clear, permanent streams, mainly in still or slowly flowing water. No surveys for this species were conducted.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. The common map turtle is not known to occur in the Kansas River drainage. Streams at SFAAP probably do not provide suitable habitat.

Recommendations. None.

Plains spotted skunk

Past Records. Plains spotted skunks historically were common throughout Kansas and Missouri. They now are rare and have not been seen recently in northeastern Kansas.

Available Habitat and Surveys. The spotted skunk occupies a wide range of habitats. In eastern Kansas it prefers forest edge and upland prairie environments, especially where rock outcrops, abandoned buildings, and other cover exists (Bee et al. 1981 ). Suitable habitat exists on SFAAP, but no trapping was conducted because of the species' scarcity in eastern Kansas.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. The potential for spotted skunks at SFAAP is low. If populations increase in the Great Plains, this species might eventually come to occupy the installation because of the availability of suitable habitat.

Recommendations. None.

Redbelly snake

Past Records. This snake is at the western edge of its range in eastern Kansas. It is known from a few counties in the state, including Douglas, Miami, and Franklin.

Available Habitat and Surveys. The redbelly snake occurs in woodlands and forests, usually in oak-hickory forest with a dense litter layer. Potential habitat exists at SFAAP along portions of Captain, Spoon, and Kill Creeks. Surveys were conducted from April to September, 1993, using artificial shelters and rock-turning (Table 3, Figure 3). No redbelly snakes were found. Several floods during the spring and summer displaced a number of artificial shelters. In addition, the unusually wet conditions presumably made the shelters less attractive to snakes than they would have been under drier conditions. Rock-turning on wooded slopes was a more successful technique for herps in general (see Appendix Bl.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. The redbelly snake is a secretive species and is difficult to find using any survey technique. The potential for it to occur at SFAAP is low because tracts of high quality oak-hickory forest are small and fragmented.

21 Recommendations. Maintain existing stands of oak-hickory woodland and forest. The habitat requirements of this snake are not sufficiently known to provide specific management recommendations. However, the fact that the redbelly snake generally is found in high quality woodlands suggests that practices that degrade this natural community, such as grazing by cattle and extensive wood-cutting, would be detrimental.

Snowy plover

Past Records. This small shorebird breeds in central and western Kansas. Wandering or migrating individuals sometimes are observed in eastern Kansas.

Available Habitat and Surveys. Snowy plovers breed on unvegetated sandbars or on open salt flats.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. The chance of finding this shorebird at SFAAP is extremely low.

Recommendations. None.

Smooth earth snake

Past Records. This small snake is at the western edge of its range in Kansas. It is known from Johnson, Wyandotte, Douglas and surrounding counties (Collins 1993).

Available Habitat and Surveys. The smooth earth snake inhabits woodland and woodland edges. It usually is found in good quality oak-hickory forests. Potential habitat exists at SFAAP along portions of Captain, Spoon, and Kill Creeks. Surveys were conducted from April through September, 1993, using artificial shelters and rock-turning (Table 3, Figure 3). No smooth earth snakes were found. Several floods during the spring and summer displaced a number of artificial shelters. It is prol;lable that unusually wet conditions during the year made the shelters less attractive to snakes than they would be under drier conditions. Rock-turning on wooded slopes was a more successful technique for he rps in general (see Appendix B).

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Habitat for this species is limited in coverage and fragmented at SFAAP. Nonetheless, this snake may occur on rocky, wooded slopes in the area.

Recommendations. Maintain existing stands of oak-hickory woodland and forest. The habitat requirements of the smooth earth snake are inadequately known to give specific management recommendations. However, because this species is generally found in high quality woodlands, practices that degrade such habitat probably would be detrimental to any existing populations.

White-faced ibis

Past Records. This species has been recorded at scattered sites throughout Kansas (Thompson & Ely 1989). It breeds at Cheyenne Bottoms and Quivira National Wildlife Refuge in central Kansas.

22 Available Habitat and Surveys. The white-faced ibis normally inhabits wetlands, where it probes for food with its long bill. There is no suitable habitat for the species on SFAAP.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. As with other migratory birds, this species may on rare occasion pass over the area during spring or fall migration. Sightings in northeastern Kansas are rare.

Recommendations. None.

3. Federal Candidate Species and State Species In Need of Conservation

Cerulean warbler

The cerulean warbler is a rare migrant in eastern Kansas. It has been observed in Johnson County (Thompson & Ely 1992). The species is at the extreme western edge of its breeding range in eastern Kansas. The breeding sites nearest to SFAAP are along the Marais des Cygnes River in Linn County and along the Missouri River at Ft. Leavenworth Military Reservation.

Available Habitat and Surveys. Breeding habitat in eastern Kansas consists of bottomland hardwood forest (Hands et al. 1989). During habitat evaluations in this study, no riparian forests large enough or with the proper tree composition were found that might support breeding cerulean warblers. Consequently, no species surveys were conducted. The floodplain forest in the southwest corner of SFAAP along Captain Creek is excellent habitat but is much too small to support breeding individuals.

During migration cerulean warblers have been observed in a variety of forest habitats in Kansas. It is quite possible that individuals occasionally forage for food in·forests at SFAAP during spring and fall migration.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. The possibility that cerulean warblers breed at SFAAP cannot be ruled out, but the absence of suitable habitat suggests this is unlikely.

Recommendations. Given the small acreages of bottomland forest, management for breeding cerulean warblers probably is not practical. However, the area might be made more attractive to migrants by forest management practices that increase tract size and reduce cutting, particularly along lower Kill Creek.

Clanton's cave amphipod

Past Records. The range of Clanton's cave amphipod consists of portions of eastern Kansas and western Missouri. The closest collections of this species to SFAAP are from springs and caves in Miami and Franklin counties in Kansas (Busby & Danoff-Burg 1992).

Available Habitat and Surveys. This tiny, blind, white crustacean occupies shallow groundwater environments, living in caves and crevices in the substrate. Little is known about its biology or methods for evaluating potential habitat. The best survey technique is direct visual inspection of caves for individuals. Where no enterable caves are present, an

23 alternative technique consists of lowering a baited jar into water wells - the technique employed in this study. Data on wells sampled with this technique are shown in Table 3 and well locations are shown Figure 3. Clanton's cave amphipod was not detected on SFAAP. Caecidotea acuticarpa Mackin & Hubricht, a common, widespread, groundwater-dwelling isopod and a frequent associate of S. clantoni, was collected.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Not enough is known about the habitat requirements of Clanton's cave amphipod to state whether suitable habitat exists on SFAAP. The presence of Caecidotea acuticarpa suggests that suitable habitat for this amphipod may be present.

Recommendations. Additional surveys for this species should be conducted by further sampling of water wells in the area. Because it is difficult to detect, failure to collect specimens of Clanton's cave amphipod does not provide strong evidence of its absence from the area. Management for this species consists of avoiding groundwater contamination.

Crawfish frog

Past Records. This frog occurred in Kansas north to about the Kansas River. It has been documented in Douglas, Franklin, and Miami counties (Collins 1993). The species is more common in southeastern Kansas.

Available Habitat and Surveys. Northern crawfish frogs (Rana areolata circu/osa) occur in tallgrass prairies, usually in swales or low, moist areas. The species also occasionally inhabits areas of former prairie that have been converted to non-native grasses. No suitable habitat was found on SFAAP.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. There is a slight chance this frog occurs in the Johnson County area. Most large areas of native prairie have been destroyed, but ·small populations of crawfish frogs may remain.

Recommendations. None.

Eastern hognose snake

Past Records. The eastern hognose snake has been recorded in Johnson County and surrounding counties (Collins 1993).

Available Habitat and Surveys. This snake prefers loose or sandy soils in grasslands or open woodlands. It is most common along river valleys where toads, its preferred food, are common. Optimal habitat for this species was not found at SFAAP and no species specific surveys were conducted. General herpetological surveys were made in numerous areas on the plant (Table 3, Figure 3), but no eastern hognose snakes were encountered.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. The eastern hognose snake occurs in a variety of habitats and might be present at SFAAP.

Recommendations. Any records of this snake should be reported to the Kansas Dept. of

24 Wildlife and Parks, the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, or the Kansas Biological Survey.

Henslow's sparrow

Past Records. This shy sparrow is at the western edge of its range in eastern Kansas. It is widely distributed within suitable habitat in eastern Kansas. The nearest observations of the species to SFAAP are from Douglas and Franklin counties (Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory, unpublished data).

Available Habitat and Surveys. Henslow's sparrow breeds principally in large tracts of tallgrass prairie that have considerable standing dead grass. This type of habitat is not present at SFAAP and consequently, no species specific surveys were performed.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Occasionally, this bird selects smaller tracts of prairie or non-native grassland in which to breed. For example, during the summer of 1993, Henslow' s sparrows were found in an 8O-acre tract of brome that had been idle for several years on the University of Kansas Ecological Reserves north of Lawrence. If some of the larger grassland tracts at SFAAP were not grazed for several years, there is a remote chance they would be used by this sparrow.

Recommendations. Management for this species at SFAAP would involve replanting large tracts of native grasses and not grazing or haying them.

Loggerhead shrike

Past Records. This bird is locally common in eastern and central Kansas. While we are not aware of a list of bird records for SFAAP, the loggerhead shrike probably has been observed by plant personnel on numerous occasions.

Available Habitat and Surveys. Shrikes prefer grasslands and other open habitats with scattered trees or large shrubs that they use for foraging perches and nesting. Short grass or herbaceous cover is preferred over taller vegetation. The installation contains abundant shrike habitat - grazed grassland with scattered trees, buildings, electric lines, and other perches sites. Shrikes observations are summarized in Table 4 and Figure 4.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. The loggerhead shrike probably occurs year-round at SFAAP. Breeding birds generally arrive in late February or March and leave during the fall. Shrikes present during the winter generally are birds that breed farther north IKridelbaugh 1982).

Recommendations. Maintain open grasslands with widely scattered trees. Grazing is probably beneficial to this species because it keeps the vegetation short and accessible to foraging shrikes.

25 Table 4. Summary of loggerhead shrike sightings on the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant.

DATE LOCATION NOTES

1993-04-22 T13S R22E SEC0B NW4 SE4 Adult perched on small oak at contractor's entrance

1993-05-13 T13S R22E SEC30 SW4 SW4 Adult flying between isolated trees in open pasture

1993-05-20 T13S R21E SEC12 S2 NW4 Adult perched on steam pipe 1993-05-20 T1 3S R22E SEC1 8 NW4 NW4 Adult in isolated tree 50 yds S of gravel road

1993-05-21 T1 3S R22E SEC32 NW4 Adult perched on chainlink fence 1993-05-21 T1 3S R22E SEC05 NE4 SW4 Adult perched on wire along E side old highway 1 0

1993-06-01 T13S R22E SEC07 SW4 SW4 Adult actively foraging on ground and from low perches 1993-06-01 T13S R22E SEC0B SW4 NW4 Immature perched on chainlink fence along E boundary road 1993-06-01 T1 3S R22E SEC24 SE4 NW4 Adult at gate M· 7 A

1993-06-09 T13S R22E SEC32 N4 Two adults on chainlink fence along E boundary road

1993-07-01 T13S R22E SEC08 SW4 NW4 Immature on chainlink fence as on 1 June 1993-07-01 T13S R22E SEC0B NE4 SW4 Adult perched on power line

1993-09-24 T13S R21E SEC13 NW4 NE4 Bird perched

1993-09-28 T1 3S R22E SEC0B NE4 SW4 Bird 0.3 mi E of railroad tracks along paved road

26 Prairie mole cricket

Past Records. This insect occurs in eastern Kansas and parts of Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. A single specimen was collected near DeSoto in 1990. The closest known populations are in Franklin County (Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory, unpublished data).

Available Habitat and Surveys. The prairie mole cricket lives in the sod of native tallgrass prairie. The species generally is restricted to prairies in good condition. In the eastern portion of its range (Missouri, Arkansas, and extreme eastern Kansas) mole crickets are found almost exclusively on native hay meadows or prairie preserves. No suitable habitat exists on SFAAP.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. Prairie mole crickets are unlikely to occur on SFAAP because of the lack of suitable habitat. Recent surveys for the species elsewhere in Johnson County have been unsuccessful.

Recommendations. None.

Regal fritillary

Past Records. This butterfly occurs throughout eastern and central Kansas and western Missouri. Specimens have been collected in Johnson County.

Available Habitat and Surveys. The regal fritillary is found in prairies were the larvae feed on violets. It can persist on prairie remnants and is a good disperser. Given the absence of native prairie on SFAAP, no specifrc surveys were conducted for this species. The regal fritillary is a conspicuous butterfly, but no adults of this species were seen.

Potential for Occurrence on SFAAP. The lack of suitable habitat suggests that it is unlikely that populations of this species exist on SFAAP. Dispersing adults may be seen over SFAAP from time to time.

Recommendations. None.

4. Faunistic Survey.

A list of vertebrates potentially occurring on SFAAP is presented in Appendix 8. The list of species is derived from the Vertebrate Characterization Abstract database of the Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory. Species were included based on their range and on their potential to occur at SFAAP given the habitats present on the plant. Animals encountered during the study are noted. All fish reported in Appendix 8 as occurring on SFAAP are from Department of the Army (1980); no fish surveys were made during this study.

CONCLUSIONS

1. No threatened or endangered species were discovered at SFAAP during this study. Six species of federally listed birds may pass through the area, but nesting and/or foraging habitat for these species is essentially absent on the installation. The potential does

27 exists for populations of other threatened and endangered species to occur on SFAAP, such as Mead's milkweed and Western prairie fringed orchid. However, the probability of these populations occurring on the plant is low because of the limited amount of suitable habitat.

2. One federal candidate (C2) species, the loggerhead shrike, occurs on the plant. This bird was seen at numerous sites in open grassland, and evidence of breeding was observed. Management practices that maintain open grasslands with scattered trees probably will be most beneficial to shrike populations in the area.

3. One population each of two state-rare plants was discovered. A small population of Appendage waterleaf (Hydrophy!lum appendicu/atum Michx.) occurs in floodplain forest in the northeast part of the installation. Only eight occurrences of this species are known statewide. Papillary watermeal (Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd.) was found in two metal tanks in the east-central part of the plant. This is only the second report of the species from Kansas.

4. General floristic and faunistic surveys greatly expanded the list of organisms known to utilize habitat on SFAAP. Nearly 120 species of vertebrates and 400 species of vascular plants have been confirmed on the installation. Lists of vertebrates and vascular plants potentially occurring on the installation also were compiled.

5. Surveys of natural communities were conducted in conjunction with other field activities. Natural community surveys revealed two terrestrial community types (eastern upland forest and southeastern tallgrass prairie), one palustrine community type (eastern floodplain forest), and three riverine community types (intermittent stream, perennial stream, and perennial river) on SFAAP. Most occurrence identified on the installation are too small or too degraded to be included in the KSNHI database. An exemplary, 18-acre occurrence of eastern floodplain forest in the southwest corner of SFAAP was surveyed, mapped, and added to the database. Evaluation of riverine natural communities must await further development of a riverine natural community classification for the state. Further work also is needed on private lands surrounding SFAAP to determine the full significance of some natural communities represented on the installation, especially eastern upland forest and riverine communities.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Chris Dwyer and Scott Stanley for their assistance with field work. Special thanks to the staff of Hercules Aerospace Company for their enthusiastic and congenial assistance. We are particularly grateful to Jim Freeman and Bob R. Anderson for providing logistical support and technical information. Thanks also to the Department of the Army for their backing. In particular, we thank Lieutenant Colonel Richard A. Jackson who helped initiate this study. This project was funded by the Department of the Army through the Hercules Aerospace Company, Ordnance Group, Purchase Order SUN 8464.

28 LITERATURE CITED

Brooks, R.E. 1985. Vegetation summary for Sunflower area, Johnson county, Kansas. Unpubl. report, Kansas Biol. Surv. Lawrence, KS. 3 pp.

Bee, J.W., G.E. Glass, R.S. Hoffman, & R.R. Patterson. 1981. Mammals in Kansas. Univ. of Kansas, Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Educa. Ser. Lawrence, KS.

Brooks, R.E. & C.C. Freeman. 1989. Status report on Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex A. Eaton (running buffalo clover) in Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Unpubl. report submitted to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Denver, CO. 20 pp.

Busby, W.H., & J. Danoff-Burg. 1992. Status report on Stygobromus clantoni (Creaser), Clanton's cave amphipod, in Kansas. Kansas Biol. Surv. Rep. No. 52. Lawrence, KS. 22 pp.

Collins, J.T. 1993. Amphibians and reptiles in Kansas. 3rd ed. Univ. of Kansas, Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub!. Educa. Ser. Lawrence, KS.

Cross, F.B. 1967. Handbook of fishes of Kansas. State Biol. Surv. and Univ. of Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Lawrence, KS.

Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: review ·of plant taxa for listing as endangered or threatened species. Federal Register 58: 51144- 51190.

Department of the Army. 1978. Water quality biological study no. 32-24-0134-79, Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant, Lawrence, KS. U.S. Army Environmental Hygene Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. 10 pp + appendix A-G.

Department of the Army. 1 980. Installation assessment of Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. U.S. Army THAMA Rept. No. 163, appendix B.

Edds, D.R. 1991. Conservation status of the common map turtle in Kansas. Unpubl. report submitted to Kansas Dept. Wildlife and Parks. Pratt, KS. 45 pp.

Ely, C.A., M.D. Schwilling, & M.E. Rolfs. 1986. An annotated list of the butterflies of Kansas. Fort Hays State Univ., Mus. of the High Plains. Hays, KS.

Freeman, C.C. & S.M. Hall. 1991. Status survey for western prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera praeclara Sheviak & Bowles) on the Fort Riley Military Reservation, Kansas. Kansas Biol. Surv. Rep. No. 48. Lawrence, KS. 12 pp.

Freeman, C.C. & R.E. Brooks. 1989. Status report on Platanthera praeclara Sheviak & Bowles (western prairie fringed orchid) in Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Unpubl. report submitted to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Denver, CO. 74 pp.

29 Guilfoyle T. 1993. Use of geographic information system and remotely sensed data to assess the loss of presettlement woodlands in Douglas and Johnson counties, Kansas, over the past 135 years. MS thesis, Univ. of Kansas. Lawrence, KS. 27 pp.

Hands, H.R., R.D. Drobney, & M.R. Ryan. 1989. Status of the cerulean warbler in the northcentral United States. Missouri Coop. Fish & Wildlife Unit, Univ. Missouri. Columbia, MO. 11 pp.

Johnsgard, P.A. 1979. Birds of the Great Plains. Univ. of Nebraska Press. Lincoln, NE.

Johnson County Planning Office. 1991. K-10 corridor study, Douglas and Johnson counties, Kansas. Johnson County Planning Office. Olathe, KS. 104 pp.

Kansas State University. 1993. A proposal for the development of a horticulture-forestry research/education center on specific land within the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant, DeSoto, Kansas. Kansas State Univ. Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources. Manhattan, KS. 13 pp.

Kozol, A.J. 1990. Suggested survey protocol for Nicrophorus americanus, the American burying beetle. JD.: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1991. American burying beetle recovery plan. Technical/Agency draft. Newton Corner, MA. 73 pp.

Kridelbaugh, A.L. 1982. An ecological study of loggerhead shrikes in central Missouri. MS thesis, Univ. of Missouri. Columbia, MO. 114 pp.

Kuchler, A.W. 1974. A new vegetation map of Kansas. Ecology 55: 586-604.

Lauver, C.L. 1989. Preliminary classification of the natural communities of Kansas. Kansas Nat. Heritage Prag. Kansas Biol. Surv. Lawrence, KS. 21 pp.

Pinsky, R.O., J.L. Zimmerman, H.P. Dickey, G.N. Jorgensen, Jr., R.W. Fenwick, & W.E. Roth. 1979. Soil survey of Johnson county, Kansas. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 93 pp.

Rawinski, T.J. 1990. Final status survey report: the distribution and abundance of earred false foxglove (Tomanthera auriculata). Unpubl. report submitted to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Newton Corner, MA. 4 pp.

Ross, J.A. 1991. Geological map of Kansas. Kansas Geol. Surv. Map M-23. Lawrence, KS.

Schoewe, W.H. 1949. The geology of Kansas. Part II. Physical geography. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 52: 261-333.

Thompson, M.C., & C. Ely. 1989. Birds in Kansas. Vol. I. Univ. of Kansas, Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Educa. Ser. Lawrence, KS.

Thompson, M.C., & C. Ely. 1992. Birds in Kansas. Vol. II. Univ. of Kansas, Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Educa. Ser. Lawrence, KS.

30 Zeller, D.E. 1968. The stratigraphic succession in Kansas. State Geo!. Surv. Kansas Bull. 189: 1-81.

31 Appendix A. Checklist of vascular plants of Johnson County and the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. Habitat codes are: P = prairie; F = forest; W = wetlands/ streams; A = lakes, ponds (aquatic); and D = disturbed sites. Codes in the "Sunflower" column are collection numbers for vouchers taken on SFAAP. Prefixes are: F = Craig C. Freeman and B = Ralph E. Brooks.

Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Acanthaceae Justicia americana {L.) M. Vahl water willow w F5468 Ruel/ia humilis Nutt. fringeleaf ruellia p F5104 Ruel/ia strepens L. limestone ruellia F F5135

Aceraceae Acer negundo L. var. negundo common boxelder F Acer negundo L. var. violaceum (Kirchner) Jaeger violet boxelder F F4901 Acer saccharinum L. silver maple F F4902 Acer saccharum Marshall sugar maple F F5235

Adiantaceae Adiantum pedatum L. subsp. pedatum northern maidenhair fern F Argyrochosma dealbata {Purshl Windham powdery cloak fern F F4964 Pellaea g/abella Mett. ex Kuhn var. glabella smooth cliff-brake F Pelfaea x atropurpurea (L.) Link purple cliff-brake F F4972

Agavaceae Yucca flaccida Haw. limp soapweed P,D F5132

Alismataceae Alis ma plantago-aquatica L. var. parviflorum smal!flower water plantain w (Pursh) Farw. Echinodorus rostratus {Nutt.) Enge!m. erect burhead w Sagittaria brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush shortbeak arrowhead w F5490 Sagittaria latifolfa Wil!d. common arrowhead w

Amaranthaceae Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson prostrate pigweed D Amaranthus hybridus L. slender pigweed D Amaranthus palmed S. Watson Palmer's pigweed D Amaranthus retroflexus L. rough pigweed D Amaranthus rudis J. Sauer water hemp D F5717 Amaranthus spinosus L. spiny pigweed D

Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica Aiton subsp. aromatica aromatic sumac P,F Rhus aromatica Aiton subsp. serotina (E. Greene) late aromatic sumac P,F F4922 R.E. Brooks Rhus copallina L. dwarf sumac P,F F5125 Rhus g/abra L. smooth sumac P,F F4921, F5124 Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze subsp. negundo common poison ivy P,F F5726

Annonaceae Asimina triloba {L.) Dunal pawpaw F F4851, F5477

Apiaceae Chaerophyllum procumbens {L.) Crantz spreading chervil F,D Chaerophyllum talnturieri Hook. erect chervil P,D F4916

32 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Cryptotaenfa canadensfs {L.l DC. honewort F F5155 Conium maculatum L. poison hemlock F,D Daucus carota L. wild carrot P,D F5216 Eryngium yuccifo/ium Michaux button snakeroot p F5081 Lomatium foenfcu/aceum {Nutt.) J. Coulter & Rose carrotleaf lomatium p daucifo/ium (Nutt. ex Torrey & A. Gray) Cronq. Osmorhiza claytonfi {Michaux) C.B. Clarke hairy sweetcicely F Osmorhiza /ongistylis (Torrey) DC. aniseroot F F4849 Pastinaca sativa L. wild parsnip D Polytaenia nuttallii DC. prairie parsley p F4881 San/cu/a canadensis L. Canada sanicte F F5112 Sanicu/a odorata (Raf.) Pryer & Phillippe cluster sanicle F F4909, F4975 Taenidia integerrima {L.) Drude yellow pimpernel F Thaspium barbinode (Michaux) Nutt. meadow parsnip F Tori/is arvensis (Hudson) Link hedge parsley D F5114 Zizia aurea (L.) Koch golden zizia P,F F4897

Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum L. hemp dogbane

Araceae Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott green dragon F F5495 Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott subsp. triphyllum jack•in-the-pu!pit F F4852

Aristolochiaceae Asarum canadense L. wild ginger F

Asclepiadaceae Asc/epias hirtella {Pennell) Woodson prairie milkweed P,W F5188 Asc/epias fncarnata L. swamp milkweed w F5469 Asc/epias meadii Torrey ex A. Gray Mead's milkweed p Asc/epias purpurascens L. purple milkweed P,F F4957 Asclepias stenophylla A. Gray narrowleaf milkweed P,D Asclepias syriaca L. common milkweed P,D F5232 Asc/epias tuberosa L. var. interior {Woodson) Shinn. butterfly milkweed p F5075 Asclepias verticillata L. whorled milkweed P,D F5076 Asclepias viridif/ora Raf. green-flowered milkweed p F5117 Asc/epias viridis Walter green milkweed p F4928, F4958 Cynanchum /aeve (Michaux) Pers. climbing milkweed F,D F5226

Aspleniaceae Asplenium p/atyneuron (L,) Britton, Sterns & Pogg. ebony spleenwort F F4963 Asplenium rhizophyl/um L. walking fern F

Asteraceae Achilles millefolium L. subsp. /anulosa (Nutt.) Piper western yarrow P,D F4919 Ambrosia artemisiifo!ia L. common ragweed D F5667 Ambrosia bfdentata Michaux lanceleaf ragweed D F5169 Ambrosia psilostachya DC. western ragweed P,D Ambrosia trifida L. giant ragweed F,D F5690 Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. annual broomweed D F5160 Antennaria neglects E. Greene field pussytoes P,F,D F4878 Antennaria par/inti Fern. subsp. fa/lax {E. Greene) plantainleaf pussytoes F R. Bayer & Stebb. Artemis/a /udoviciana Nutt. var. !udoviciana Louisiana sagewort P,D Artemis/a ludoviciana Nutt. var. mexicana (Willd.) Fern. Mexican sagewort P,D Aster drummondii Lindley in Hook. subsp. drummondii Drummond's aster F F5667 Aster ericoides L. subsp. ericoides var. ericoides heath aster p

33 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Aster laevis L. smooth blue aster p Aster lanceolatus Willd. subsp. lanceolatus common panicled aster P,W Aster novae•angliae L. New England aster P,W Aster oblongifolius Nutt. var. oblongifolius aromatic aster p Aster ontarionis Wieg. Ontario aster F,W Aster oolentangiensis Riddell azure aster p Aster praealtus Poiret var. praealtus common willow•leaved P,D F5656 aster Bidens aristosa (Michaux) Britton var. retrosa (Sherff) tickseed beggartick w F5654 Wunderlin Bidens bipinnata L. Spanish needles F,D F5692 Bidens cernua L. nodding beggartick w F5724 Bidens connata Muhlenb. ex Willd. var. petiolata (Nutt.) purplestem beggartick w Farw. Bidens frondosa L. devil's beggartick w F5491, F5693 Bidens vulgata E. Greene tall beggartick w Brickel/is eupatorioides (L.) Shinn. var. corymbulosa corymbutose false boneset P,D (Torrey & A. Gray) Shinn.

Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinn. var. texana Texas false boneset P,D F5166 (Shinn.) Shinn. Caca/ia atriplicifolia L. pate Indian plantain F F5088, F5686 Cacalia plantaginea {Raf.) Shinn. tuberous Indian plantain p Carduus nutans L. subsp. leiophyllus (Petrovic) musk thistle D F5214 Stoy. & Stefanoff Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. ox·eye daisy P,D F4917 Cichorium intybus L. common chicory D Cirsium altissimum (L.) Sprenge! tall thistle F F5471 Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.} Sprengel wavyleaf thistle p Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. bull thistle D F5178 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Canada horseweed D Conyza ramosissima Cronq. lawn horseweed D Coreopsis grandif/ora Hogg ex Sweet bigflower coreopsis p Coreapsis pa/mata Nutt. finger coreopsis p Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. plains coreopsis W,D F5215 Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc. foetid dogweed P,D F5168 Echinacea pa/Iida (Nutt.) Nutt. pale purple coneflower p F5080 Eclipta prostrata (L.l L. yerba de tajo w F5223 Erechtites hieracifolia (L) Raf. ex DC. American burnweed F,W F5709 Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. annual fleabane P,D F5111 Erigeron philadelphicus L. Philadelphia fleabane P,W Erlgeron strigosus Muhlenb. ex Willd. daisy fleabane p F5715 Eupatorium altissimum L. tall joe-pye•weed p F5672 Eupatorium purpureum L. var. holzingeri (Rydb.) Holzinger's joe•pye•weed F F5459 E. Lamont Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. white snakeroot F F5707 Euthamla gymnospermoides E. Greene viscid euthamia P,D F5668 Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. fragrant cudweed P,D F5662 He/ianthus annuus L. common sunflower D F5713 Helianthus grasseserratus Martens sawtooth sunflower P,D F5699 Helianthus hlrsutus Raf. hairy sunflower F F5248 Helianthus maximilianli' Schrad. Maximilian's sunflower P,D F5653 He/ianthus mollis Lam. ashy sunflower p He/ianthus paucif/orus Nutt. var, paucif/orus stiff sunflower p F5251, F5700 He/ianthus salicifolius A. Dietr. willowleaf sunflower p Helianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem artichoke P,F,W F5714 Helianthus x kellermanfi' Long Kellerman's sunflower P,D Helianthus x /aetiflorus Pers. P,D

34 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra {Dun.) rough ox-eye p Fern. Heterotheca Jatifolia Buckley var. macgregoris Wagenkn. camphorweed D F5718 Hieracium longipilum Torrey longbeard hawkweed p Iva annua L. annual sumpweed D F5461 Lactuca canadensis L. Canada lettuce P,D F5659 Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Florida lettuce F F5474 Lactuca saligna L. willowleaf lettuce D F5182 Lactuca serriola L. prickly lettuce D F5159 Liatris aspera Michaux rough gayfeather p Liatris pycnostachya Michaux thickspike gayfeather p F5079 Liatris squarrosa {L.) Michaux var. hirsuta (Rydb.) Gaiser hairy gayfeather p Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Sch. Bip. wavyleaf agoseris p Pyrrhopappus carolinianus {Walt.) DC. Carolina false dandelion P,D F5233 Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standley yellow prairie coneflower p F5163 Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. grayhead prairie coneflower p F5083, F5187 Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. black-eyed Susan P,D F5094 Rudbeckia /aciniata L. cutleaf coneflower F F5486 Rudbeckia tn1oba L. brown-eyed Susan F,W F5093 Senecio obovatus Muhl. ex Willd. roundleaf groundsel F F4857 Senecio plattensis Nutt. plains groundsel p Si/phium integrifolium Michaux var. deamii Perry Deam's rosinweed P,D Silphium integrifo/ium Michaux var. integrifo/ium wholeleaf rosinweed P,D F5204 Sl1phium /aciniatum L. compass plant p F5660 S11phium perfoliatum L. cup plant F,W F5149 So/idago canadensis L. var. canadensis Canada goldenrod P,D Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra (Muhl.) rough Canada goldenrod P,D F5680 Torrey & A. Gray So/idago gigantea Ait. var. serotina (0. Ktze.) Cronq. giant goldenrod F F5488, F5722 So/idago rigida L. var. huml'lis Porter stiff goldenrod p Solidago rigida L. var. rigida stiff goldenrod p F5674 Solidago ulmifo/ia Muhlenb. var. ulmifo!ia elmleaf goldenrod F Sonchus asper (L.) Hill prickly sowthistle D Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser red-seeded dandelion D Taraxacum officinale Webber ex Wiggers common dandelion D Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) 0. Ktze. · Missouri River greenthread p Tragopogon dubius Scop. western salsify P,D F5234 Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton wingstem crownbeard F F5462, F5695 Vernonia baldwinii Torrey subsp. interior (Small) Faust. inland ironweed P,D F5167, F5458 Xanthium strumarium L. common cocklebur D F5655

Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis Meerb. spotted touch-me-not F,W F5479

Berberidaceae Podophyllum pe/tatum L. may-apple F F4850

Betulaceae Cory/us americana Walt. American hazelnut F F4745 Ostrya virginiana W. Mill.) K. Koch hop-hornbeam F

Bignoniaceae Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau trumpet creeper F,D F5221 Catalpa speciosa {Warder ex Barney) Engelm. catalpa F,D F5236

Boraginaceae Hacke/ia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnst. Virginia stickseed F F5106 Lithospermum arvense L. corn gromwell D F4898 Lithospermum canescens {Michaux) Lehm. hoary gromwell p

35 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Lithospermum incisum Lehm. narrowleaf gromwell p Myosotis verna Nutt. Virginia forget-me-not P,D F4868 Onosmodium mo/le Michaux var. occidentale (MacM.l western marbleseed p F5162 I.M. Johnst.

Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande garlic mustard F F4863 Arab1"s canadensis L. Canada rockcress F F4864, F4962 Arabis shortii (Fern.) GI. Short's rockcress F F4944 Arabis virglnica {L.) Poiret Virginia rockcress P,D F4946 Barbarea vu/garis R. Br. winter cress D Brassica kaber (DC.) Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) D Wheeler Camelina microcarpa Andrz. small-seeded false flax D F4929 Capsel/a bursa-paston"s {L.) Medic. shepherd's purse D F4906 Cardamine concatenate (Michaux) 0. Schwarz toothwort F Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenico/a (Britton) Schultz small-flowered bittercress p Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. blue mustard D Descurainia pinna ta {Walt.) Britton brachycarpa tansy mustard D F4970 (Richards.) Fern. Draba brachycarpa Nutt. shortpod draba P,D F4869 Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. var. micrantha (Nutt.) Fern. white whitlowwort P,D F4888 Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. var. reptans white whitlowwort P,D F4865 Erysimum repandum L. bushy wallflower D Hesperis matrona/is L. dame's rocket D Lepidium campestre (L.J R. Br. field peppergrass D Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. peppergrass D F4920 lepidium virginicum L. Virginia peppergrass D F4875 Nasturtium officina/e R. Br. watercress w Rorippa sessiliflora {Nutt.) Hitchc. stalkless yellowcress w Th/aspi arvense L. pennycress D F4948 Thlaspi perfoliatum L. thorowort pennycress D

Cabombaceae Brasenia schreberi Gmel. water-shield A Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray Carolina water-shield A

Cactaceae Opuntia macrorhiza Enge1m. bigroot prickly pear p F5145

Caesalpiniaceae Cerds canadensis L. redbud F Chamaecrista fasciculata {Michaux) E. Greene showy partridge pea P,D F5072 Gleditsia triacanthos L. honey locust F,D F4892 Gymnocladus dioica (L.) Koch Kentucky coffee-tree F,D F5238, F5463 Senna mari!andica (L.) Link Maryland senna P,D F5250, F5687

Campanulaceae Campanula americana L. American bellflower F F5092 Lobe/ia siphilitica L. blue lobelia w F5720 Lobelia spicata Lam. palespike lobelia p Triodanis leptocarpa (Nutt.} Nieuw. p Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuw. p

Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa L. domestic hemp D Humulus lupu!us L. var. pubescens E. Small hairy hops F

36 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Caprifoliaceae Lonfcera japonfca Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle F,D F5231 Sambucus canadensis L. common elderberry P,F Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench. buckbrush P,F,D F5177 Trfosteum perfoliatum L. var. perfoliatum common horsegentian F F4966 Viburnum prunifolium L. blackhaw F

Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpy/lifolia L. thyme-leaved sandwort D F4866 Cerastium fontanum Baug. subsp. trivia/e (Link) Jalas mouse-ear chickweed P,D F4873 Dianthus armeria L. Deptford pink P,D F4950 Holosteum umbel/atum L. jagged chickweed D F4889 Saponaria officinalis L. bouncing bet D S11ene antirrhina L. sleepy catchfly P,D F4945, FS 143 Silene stellata (L,) Ait. f. starry campion F F5107 Stellar/a media {L.) Cyr. chickweed D F4907

Celastraceae Ce/astrus scandens L. American bittersweet P,F F4955 Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. wahoo F F4971, F5254

Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum demersum L. common hornwort A

Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Mexican tea D Chenopodium missouriense Ae!len Missouri goosefoot D Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Raf. maple-leaved goosefoot F Cyclo/oma atrip/icffolium (Sprengel) J. Coulter winged pigweed p Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader summer cypress D

Clusiaceae Hypericum perforatum L. common St. John's-wort P,D F5122 Hyperfcum punctatum Lam. spotted St. John's-wort P,D F5189 Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michaux round-fruit St. John's-wort P,D F5091

Commelinaceae Commelfna communfs L. common dayflower F,W,D F5147 Commelina ere eta L. var. erecta erect dayflower F,W F5721 Tradescantia bracteata Small bracted spiderwort p Tradescantia ohiensfs Raf. Ohio spiderwort p

Convolvulaceae Ca/ystegfa silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. subsp. fraternffolia hedge bindweed P,F,D (Mack. & Bush) Brummit Ca/ystegia sepfum (L.) R. Br. var. angu/ata Brummitt hedge bindweed P,D F5128 Convo/vu/us arvensis L. field bindweed D F5158 lpomoea hederacea Jacq. ivy-leaf morning-glory D F5480 /pomoea /acunosa L. white morning-glory D F5481 lpomoea pandurata (L.) G. Meyer bigroot morning-glory P,F,D

Cornaceae Camus drummondii C. Meyer roughleaf dogwood P,F,D F5134, F5466

Crassulaceae Penthorum sedoides L. ditch stonecrop w F5725

Cucurbitaceae Sicyos angulatus L. bur cucumber F

37 Family S edes Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Cupressaceae Juniperus v1"rginiana L. red cedar P,F,D F5161

Cyperaceae Bulbostylis capi!laris (l.) Clarke hairsedge bulbstyle P,W F5193 Carex aggregata Mackenzie glomerate sedge w F4976 Carex amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern. narrowleaf sedge w Garex annectens (E. Bickn.J E. Bickn. var. annectens yellowfruit sedge P,W Garex blanda Dewey woodland sedge F,W Carex bushii Mackenzie Bush's sedge P,W F4925 Carex davisii Schwein. & Torrey Davis' sedge F,W F4879, F4911 Carex frankH Kunth Frank's sedge w F5141 Carex gravida Bailey var. gravida heavy sedge w Carex gravida Bailey var. June/liana {Mack.) Herm. Lune!l's sedge w F4930 Carex inops Bailey subsp. heliophila (Mack.) Crins. Carex jamesii Schwein. James' sedge F F4910 Carex /anuginosa Michaux woolly sedge w Carex /upulina Muhlenb. ex Wil1d. hop sedge F,W F5460 Carex mead,! Dewey Mead's sedge p F4927 Carex molesta Mackenzie P,F,W Carex muh/enbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. enervis Boott F Carex normalis Mackenzie normal sedge w Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. F,W Carex shortiana Dewey Short's sedge w Carex vulpinoidea Michaux fox sedge P,W F5070 Cyperus acuminatus Torrey & Hook. tapeleaf sedge P,W F5194 Cyperus bipartitus Torrey brook flatsedge w F5217 Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood globe flatsedge P,W F5684 Cyperus erythrorhlzos Muhlenb. redroot flatsedge Cyperus esculentus L. yellow nutsedge W,D F5064 Cyperus /upullnus (Spreng.) Marcks P,W F5197 Cyperus Jupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks x C. schweinltzii Cyperus odoratus L. slender flatsedge W,D Cyperus pseudavegetus Steudel fa!segreen flatsedge P,W F5136 Cyperus squarrosus L. awned flatsedge w F5192 Cyperus strigasus L. false nutsedge W,D F5676 Eleocharis campressa Sulliv. flatstem spikesedge w F5198 Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. var. obtusa blunt spikesedge w Fimbristylls annua {AIL) Roemer & Schultes annual fimbristy!is P,W F5195 Fw"rena simplex M. Vahl var. aristulata (Torrey) Kral P,W F5061 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Gmelin) Palla softstem bulrush w subsp. validus (M. Vahl) S.G. Sm. Scirpus atrovirens Willd. green bulrush w F5062 Scirpus georgianus Harper Georgia bulrush w Scirpus pendulus Muhlenb. rusty bulrush w p Scleria triglomerata Michaux whip razorsedge

Dipsacaceae Dipsacus laciniatus L. cutleaf teasel D

Dryopteridaceae Cystopterls protrusa (Weath.) Blasdell lowland bladder fern F Cystopteris tennesseensis Shaver Tennessee bladder fern F Woodsia obtusa (Sprengel) Torrey subsp. obtusa blunt-lobed cliff fern F

Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana L. persimmon F,D F5126

38 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense L. field horsetail P,W Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eaton common scouring rush P,W F5130

Euphorbiaceae Acalypha ostryifo/ia Riddell rough-pod copperleaf D F5225 Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. rhombic copperleaf P,F,D F5146 A calypha virginica L. Virginia copperleaf P,D F5100 Croton capitatus Michaux var. capitatus woolly croton P,D F5119 Croton glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis Muell. Arg. tropic croton P,D F5203 Croton monanthogynus Michaux one-seeded croton P,D F5099 Euphorbia corollata L. flowering spurge P,D F5074 Euphorbia dentata Michaux toothed spurge P,D F5133 Euphorbia maculata L. spotted spurge D F5209 Euphorbia marginata Pursh snow-on-the-mountain P,D Euphorbia nutans Lag. eyebane D F5170, F5457 Euphorbia prostrata Ait. prostrate spurge D F5090 Euphorbia serpens Humb., Bonp. & Kunth round-leaved spurge D F5242 Euphorbia stictospora Engelm. mat spurge D F5164 Tragia betonicifolia Nutt. nettleleaf noseburn P,D F5123

Fabaceae Amorpha canescens Pursh lead plant p Amorpha fruticosa L. false indigo P,W Astraga/us crassicarpus Nutt. var. crassicarpus common ground plum p Baptisia austra!,S (L.) R. Br. var. minor (Lehm.) Fern. blue false indigo p F5121 Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Ell. var. g/abrescens plains wild indigo p (Larisey) lsely Coronilla van's L. crown vetch D Crotalaria sagittalis L. rattle box P,F Dalea candids Michx. ex Willd. var. candids white prairie clover p F5140 Da/ea purpurea Vent. var. purpurea purple prairie clover p F5218 Desmodium glutlnosum (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) large-flowered tickclover F F5097 Alph. Wood Desmodium illinoense A. Gray Illinois tickclover P,D F5067 Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. dillenii panicled tickclover P,F F5716 {Dari.) Isley Desmodium sessilifolium (Torrey) Torrey & A. Gray sessile-leaf tickclover p F5679 G!ycyrrhiza /epidota (Nutt.) Pursh wild licorice p Lespedeza capitata Michaux round-head lespedeza p Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don sericea lespedeza D F5705 Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. Korean lespedeza D F5664 Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) H. & A. Japaneselespedeza D F5465 Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. prairie lespedeza P,D Lotus cornicu/atus L. bird's-foot trefoil D Medlcago lupu/ina L. black medick D F4885 Medicago sativa L. subsp. sativa alfalfa D F5118 Me/i/otus a/bus Medikus white sweet clover D F5116 Meli/otus officinalis (L.) Pall. yellow sweet clover D F4951 Pediomelum escu/entum (Pursh) Rydb. prairie turnip p Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. many-flowered scurfpea p Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust F,D Strophosty/es he/vu/a (L.) Ell. wild bean P,F F5712 Trifolium campestre Schreb. low hop clover P,D F4953 Trifolium hybrldum L. subsp. e/egans (Savi) Alsike clover D Asch. & Graebn. Trifolium pratense L. red clover D F4895 Trifolium repens L. white clover D F4896 Vicia vil/osa Roth var. villosa hairy vetch p

39 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Fagaceae Ouercus alba L. white oak F Quercus bores/is Michaux f. var. maxima (Marsh.) Ashe northern red oak F F5663 Quercus imbricaria Michaux shingle oak F Quercus macrocarpa Michaux bur oak F F4900 Quercus marilandica Muenchh. blackjack oak F Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. chinquapin oak F F4931, F5689 Quercus prinoides Wi!ld. dwarf chinquapin oak F Quercus stellata Wang. post oak F F5697 Quercus velutina Lam. black oak F F5457, F5688

Fumariaceae Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. yellow harlequin F Dicentra cucullaria IL.) Bernh. Dutchman's breeches F

Geraniaceae Geranium carolinianum L. Carolina cranesbill D F4942

Grossufariaceae Ribes missouriense Nutt. ex Torrey & A. Gray Missouri gooseberry F F4935

Hippocastanaceae Aesculus glabra Willd. var. arguta (Buckl.J Robins. western buckeye F F4880

Hydrophyllaceae Ellisia nyctelea L. waterpod F,D F4848 Hydrophyl/um appendiculatum Michaux notchbract waterleaf F F4846 Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Virginia waterleaf F F4847

lridaceae Belamcanda chinensis (L.l DC. blackberry lily D Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. prairie blue-eyed grass p F4918

Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch bitternut hickory F F5258, F5485 Carya ovata (Miller) K. Koch shagbark hickory F F5259 Jug/ans nigra L. black walnut F F4899

Juncaceae Juncus interior Wieg. inland rush P,W F5144 Juncus marginatus Rostk. shore rush P,W F5200 Juncus torreyi Cov. Torrey's rush P,W F5063

Lamiaceae Agastache nepetoides (L.J Kuntze catnip giant hyssop F F5484 G/ecoma hederacea L. ground ivy D Hedeoma hispidum Pursh rough false pennyroyal p F4923 Hedeoma pu/egioides {L.) Pers. American false pennyroyal F F5102 Lamium amplexicaule L. henbit D Lamium purpureum L. deadnettle D F4861 Leonurus cardiaca L. common motherwort D Lycopus americanus Muhlenb. ex W.P.G. Barton American bugleweed w F5682 L ycopus virginicus L. Virginia bugleweed w F5483 Mentha arvensis L. field mint w F5482 Monarda fistu/osa L. var. fistu/osa wild bergamot p F5105 Nepeta cataria L. catnip D Physostegia angustifolia Fern. false dragonhead P,W F5120 Prune/la vulgaris L. self-heal F,W,D F5173 p Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrader slender mountain mint F5131

40 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Salvia azurea Lam. blue sage p F5661 Scutel/aria parvula Michaux var. /eonardii {Epling) Fern. Leonard's small skullcap p F4961 Stachys tenuifolia Willd. slenderleaf betony F,W F5476 Teucrium canadense L. var. canadense American germander P,F,D F5086

Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. lesser duckweed A Lemna obscura {Austin) Daubs obscure duckweed A Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd. papillary watermeal A F5685 Wolffia columbiana Karsten Columbia watermeal A

Uliaceae A Ilium canadense L. var. canadense Canada wild onion p A/lium canadense L. var. lavendulare {Bates) lavender wild onion p F. Ownbey & Aase Allium sativum L. wild onion D F5077 Allium vinea/e L. field garlic D Asparagus officina/is L. asparagus D Camassia scilloides {Raf.) Cory wild hyacinth p F4882 Erythronium albidum Nutt. white dogtooth violet F Hemerocal!is fulva {L.) L. day lily D Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Cov. yellow star grass p Lilium canadense L. subsp. michiganense (Farw.) Michigan lily p J. Boivin & Cody Maianthemum racemosum {L.) Link feathery false Solomon's F seal Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton false garlic p F4884 Ornithoga/um umbellatum L. star-of-Bethlehem D

Linaceae Linum su/catum Riddell grooved flax p F5078

Lythraceae Ammannia coccinea Rottb. red toothcup w F5675 Lythrum a/atum Pursh winged loosestrife w F5060 Rota/a ramosior (L.) Koehne rota ta w

Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti Medikus velvet-leaf D F5245 Cal/irhoe alcaeoides (Michaux) A. Gray pale poppy mallow p F4947 Hibiscus trionum L. flower-of-an-hour D F5138 Malva neg/ecta Wallr. common mallow D Malva strum hispidum (Pursh) Hoc hr. hairy false mallow P,D Sida spinosa L. prickly sida D F5151

Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense L. moonseed F

Mimosaceae Desmanthus illinoensis (Michaux) MacMillan lllinois bundleflower P,D F5066 ex Robinson & Fern. Mimosa quadriva/vis L. var. nutta/hi' (DC.) Beard ex catdaw sensitive brier p Barneby

Molluginaceae Mo/Jugo verticdlata L. carpetweed D F5253

41 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Monotropaceae Monotropa uniflora L. Indian pipe F

Moraceae Mac/ura pomifera (Raf.) C. Schneider Osage orange P,F,D F5087 Marus alba L. white mulberry F,D F4932 Marus rubra L. red mulberry F,D F4903

Najadaceae Najas guada/upensis (Sprengel) Morang southern naiad A

Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis albida {Walter) Heimerl white four-o'clock p Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michaux) MacMillan wild four-a' clock D F4893

Oleaceae Fraxinus americana L. white ash F F5247 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsha!! var. subintegerrima green ash F F5185 (M. Vahl) Fern.

Onagraceae Gaura longiflora Spach biennial gaura P,D F5678 Gaura parviflora Douglas velvety gaura P,D P5229 ludwigia pep/aides (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Raven marsh seedbox w subsp. glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven Oenothera biennis L. common evening primrose P,D Oenothera laciniata Hill cutleaf evening primrose P,D Oenothera speciosa Nutt. white evening primrose p Oenothera vi!losa Thunb. subsp. villosa common evening primrose P,D F5255, F5666

Ophioglossaceae Botrychium dissectum Sprengel cut-leaf grape fern F F5464 Botrychium virginianum {L.) Sw. rattlesnake fern F F4859 Ophiog!ossum engelmannii Prantl Engelmann's adder's- p F4874 tongue

Orchidaceae Aplectrum hyemale (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) Torrey putty root F F4746, B18059 Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. late coralroot F Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. showy orchis F Platanthera praeclara Shev. & M. Bowles western prairie fringed p orchid Spiranthes cernua il.) Rich. nodding ladies' -tresses p Spiranthes /acera {Raf.) Raf. slender ladies' -tresses p F5658 Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray upland ladies' -tresses p Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. nodding pogonia F

Oxalidaceae Oxa/is dillenii Jacq. green wood sorrel P,F,D F4872 Oxalis stricta L. common wood sorrel P,F,D F5711 Oxalis violacea L. violet wood sorrel p F4887

Papaveraceae Papaver dubium L. longhead poppy D

Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. pokeweed D F5243

42 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Plantaginaceae P!antago aristata Michaux bottlebrush plantain P,D F5115 Plantago /anceolata L. English plantain D Plantago major L. common plantain F,D F5156 Plantago patagonica Jacq. var. patagonica woolly plantain P,D Plantago rugelii Decne. Rugel's plantain F,D Plantago virginica L. pale-seeded plantain P,D F4877, F4937

Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis L. sycamore F F4904

Poaceae Aegilops cylindrica Host jointed goatgrass D F4973 Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. quackgrass D Agrostis elliottiana Schultes awned bentgrass P,D F4924 Agrostis hyemalis {Walter) Britton, Sterns & Pogg. winter bentgrass P,D var. hyemalis Agrostis stolonifera L. redtop P,W,D Alopecurus carolinianus Walter Carolina foxtail w Andropogon gerardii Vitman big bluestem p F5701 Aristida /ongespica Poiret var. longespica slimspike threeawn P,D F5670 Aristida oligantha Michaux prairie threeawn P,D Avena fatua L. var. sativa (L.) Hausskn. oat D Bothriochloa laguroides {DC.) Herter subsp. torreyana sliver bluestem P,D F5219 (Steudel) Allred & Gould Boute/oua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey side-oats grama p F5207 Bouteloua hirsuta Lagasca hairy grama p Bromus inermis Leysser subsp. inermis smooth brome D F4956 Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murray Japanese brome D Bromus pubescens Muhlenb. ex Willd. Canada brome F F4968 Bromus secalinus L. rye brome D Bromus tectorum L. downy brome D F4933 Cenchrus /ongispinus (Hackel) Fern. longspine sandbur P,D F5496 Chasmanthium /atifo/ium {Michaux) Yates sea oats F F5470 Chloris verticillata Nutt. windmillgrass D F5179 Cinna arundinacea L. stout woodreed F,W F5494 Dacty/is g/omerata L. orchard grass D F4915 Diarrhena americana Pal. var. obovata Gleason American beakgrass F,W F5475 Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark pointed dichanthelium p var. acuminatum Dichanthelium c/andestinum {L.) Gould deertongue dichanthelium F F5473, F5698 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Keeler southern crabgrass D Digitaria ischaemum (Schreber ex Schweigg) smooth crabgrass D Schreber ex Muhl. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. hairy crabgrass D Echinoch/oa crusgal/i (L.) P. Beauv. var. crusgal/i common barnyardgrass W,D F5220 Echinoch/oa muricata (Pal.) Fern. var. microstachya Wieg. W,D Echinochloa muricata (Pal.) Fern. var. muricata prickly barnyardgrass W,D E/eusine indica ll.) Gaertner goosegrass D F5210 Elymus canadensis L. Canada wildrye p F5206 Elymus villosus Muhlenb. ex Wi!ld. hairy wildrye F F5113 E/ymus virginicus L. var. glabrif/orus (Vasey) Bush Virginia wildrye P,F Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus Virginia wildrye P,F Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees lacegrass D F5197 Eragrostis ci/ianensis (All.) E. Mosher stinkgrass D F5089, F5174 Eragrostis hypnoides (lam.) Britton, Sterns & Pogg. teal lovegrass W,D Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees var. pectinacea Carolina lovegrass D F5101, F5175 Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steudel purple lovegrass P,D F5673 Eriochloa contracts A. Hitchc. prairie cupgrass P,D

43 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Festuca arundinacea Schreber tall fescue D F5241 Festuca pratensis Hudson meadow fescue D Festuca subvertici/lata (Pers.) E. Aleks. nodding fescue F F4914 G!yceria striata (Lam.) A. Hitchc. fowl mannagrass w Hordeum jubatum L. foxtail barley D Hordeum pusillum Nutt. little barley D F4974 Koeleria pyrimidata (Lam.) Pal. Junegrass p Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. rice cutgrass w F5681 Leersia virginica Willd. whitegrass w F5487, F5694 Leptochloa fascicu/aris (Lam.) A. Gray bearded sprangletop W,D Leptochloa mucronata (Michaux) Kunth red sprangletop W,D Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase fall witchgrass p F5191 Lolium perenne L. var. perenne perennial ryegrass D Muhlenbergia bushii Pohl Bush's muhly F F5696 Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poiret) Fern, wirestem muh!y F,W Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel. nimblewill F F5491, F5691 Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhlenb.) Trin. rock muhly F Panicum capillare L. var. capillare common witchgrass D F5202 Panicum dichotomiflorum Michaux fall panicum P,D Panicum virgatum L. switchgrass P,W Paspa/um pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. var. g/abrum P,W Vasey ex Scribn. Paspa/um setaceum Michaux var. muhlenbergii (Nash) P,W F5199 D. Banks Phalaris arundinacea L. reed canarygrass W,D F4912 Ph/eum pretense L. timothy D F5073 Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass P,D F5069 Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass P,D F4894 Poa sylvestris A. Gray woodland bluegrass F F4913 Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. tumblegrass p Schizachyrium scoparium {Michaux) Nash little bluestern p Setaria faberi Herrm. Chinese foxtail D F5137 Setaria g!auca (L.) Beauv. yellow foxtail D F5152 Setaria parviflora (Poiret) Kerguelen knotroot bristlegrass D F5171 Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. green foxtail D Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash lndiangrass p F5702 Sorghum halepense {L.) Pers. Johnsongrass D F5148 Spartina pectinata Link prairie cordgrass P,W F5165 Sphenopholis obtusata {Michaux) Scribn. var. major slender wedgegrass F,W F4969 Sphenopholis obtusata {Michaux) Scribn. var. obtusata prairie wedgegrass P,W Sporobo/us asper (Michaux) Kunth var. asper rough dropseed P,D F5665 Sporobo/us asper (Michaux) Ku nth var. drummondii Drummond's dropseed P,D (Trin.) Vasey Sporobolus neg/ectus Nash puffsheath dropseed P,D F5669 Sporobo/us ozarkanus Fern. Ozark dropseed P,D F5671 Sporobo/us pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc. whorled dropseed p Sporobo/us vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Wood povertygrass P,D Stipa spartea Trin. porcupinegrass p Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. purpletop P,D F5190 Tripsacum dactyloides {l.) L. eastern gammagrass P,W F5082

Polemoniaceae Phlox divaricata L. subsp. /aphamii (Wood) Wherry sweetwilliam phlox F F4854 Phlox pilosa L. subsp. fulgida (Wherry) Wherry prairie phlox p

Polygalaceae Polygala verticillata L. whorled milkwort p F5201

44 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Polygonaceae Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michaux swamp smartweed w Polygonum arenastrum Jord. ex Bar. prostrate knowtweed D Polygonum bicorne Raf. longstyle smartweed w Polygonum convolvulus L. wild buckwheat P,F Polygonum hydropiper L. water-pepper smartweed w F5728 Polygonum hydropiperoides Michaux mild water-pepper w smartweed Polygonum lapathifolium L. pale smartweed w F5222 Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Pennsylvania smartweed w F5704 Polygonum persicaria L. lady's-thumb smartweed w F5228, F5683 Polygonum punctatum Elliott dotted smartweed w F5224 Polygonum scandens L. climbing false buckwheat P,F F5703 Polygonum virginianum L. Virginia knotweed F F5252 Rumex acetosel/a L. sheep sorrel P,D Rumex altissimus Alph. Wood pale dock P,W Rumex crispus L. curly dock D F4949 Rumex patientia L. patience dock D Rumex stenophyllus ledeb. narrowleaved dock w

Pontederiaceae Heteranthera limosa (Sw .) Willd. blue mud plantain w

Portulacaceae Claytonia virginica L. Virginia spring beauty F Portulaca oleracea L. common purslane D FS 181

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus L. curly muckweed A Potamogeton folios us Raf. leafy pondweed A Potamogeton pusillus L. baby pondweed A

Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis L. scarlet pimpernel D Androsace occidentalis Pursh western rock jasmine p F4943 L ysimachia nummularia L. moneywort F,W

Ranunculaceae Anemone virginiana L. tall anemone F F5110 Aqui/egia canadensis L. Canada columbine F F4965 Clematis pitcher/ Torrey & A. Gray Pitcher's clematis F Delphinium carolinianum Walter subsp. virescens plains larkspur p (Nutt.) R.E. Brooks Delphinium tricorne Michaux dwarf larkspur F /sopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torrey & A. Gray false rue anemone F F4853 Myosurus minimus L. mousetail W,D F4939 Ranunculus abortivus L. littleleaf buttercup F F4860, F4934 Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sce/eratus cursed buttercup w F4890 Thalictrum dasycarpum Fischer & Ave-Lall. purple meadow rue F,W

Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus L. var. pitcher/ Torrey & A. Gray New Jersey tea p Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. var. pubescens inland New Jersey tea p F4936 (Torrey & A. Gray) Shinn. Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh var. glabrata Gleason smooth lanceleaf buckthorn F,D F4952

Rosaceae Agrimonia parvif!ora Sol. many-flowered agrimony F,D F5230 Agrimonia pubescens Wal Ir. downy agrimony F F5095

45 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Crataegus mollis (Torrey & A. Gray) Scheele summer hawthorn F Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke Indian strawberry D Fragaria virginiana Duchesne wild strawberry p Geum canadense Jacq. white avens F F5096 Geum vernum {Raf.) Torrey & A. Gray spring avens F PotentJ1/a recta L. sulphur cinquefoil P,D PotentJ1/a simplex Michaux old~field cinquefoil p F4940 Prunus americana Mai'shall wild plum P,F Prunus serotina Ehrh. black cherry F F4858, F5706 Pyrus ioensis (Alph. Wood) L. Bailey Iowa crab F Rosa arkansana Porter prairie wild rose p Rosa carolina L. pasture rose p Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murray multif!ora rose D F5237 Rosa setigera Michaux climbing rose F,D F5708 Rubus enslenH Tratt. southern dewberry p Rubus flage!laris Willd. northern dewberry p F4856 Rubus pensilvanicus Poiret highbush blackberry P,F

Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis L. button bush w Diodia teres Walter rough buttonweed P,D F5172 Ga/ium aparine L. catchweed bedstraw F F5109 Galium circaezans Michaux woods bedstraw F F5108 Galium concinnum Torrey & A. Gray shining bedstraw F F5256 Galium pedemontanum (Bellardi) All. p F4941 Hedyotis crassifo/ia Raf. small bluets p F4876

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum americanum Miller common prickly ash F F5727

Salicaceae Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall subsp. monilifera plains cottonwood F,W F4954 {Aiton) Eckenwalder Salix amygdaloides Andersson peach~leaved willow F,W Salix exigua Nun. subsp. exigua western sandbar willow F,W Salix exigua Nutt. subsp. interior (Rowlee) Cronq, interior sandbar willow F,W Salix humilis Marshall var. humilis dwarf prairie willow p Salix nigra Marshall black willow F,W

Santalaceae Comandra umbe/lata (L.) Nutt. subsp. umbellata bastard toadftax p

Saxifragaceae Heuchera hirsuticaulis (Wheelock) Rydb. alumroot F

Scrophulariaceae Aga/inis tenuifolia (M. Vahl) Raf. slender agalinis P,W Buchnera americana L. blue hearts p Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange dwarf snapdragon D F4891 Dasistoma macrophyl/a (Nun.) Raf. mullein foxglove F,D F5186 Leucaspora multifida (Michaux) Nutt. paleseed w F5184 Linaria dalmatica (l.) P. Mill. Dalmatian toadflax D Undernia dubia (L.) Pennell yellow false pimpernel w F5068 Mimulus ala tus Sol. sharpwing monkeyflower w F5492 p Pedicularis canadensis L. wood betony Penstemon cobaea Nun. var. cobaea cobaea beardtongue p Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims smooth beardtongue P,W F5246 Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt. shell-leaf beardtongue p p Penstemon tubaef/orus Nutt. tube beardtongue

46 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Scrophu/aria marilandica L. Maryland figwort F F5472 Tomanthera auricu/ata (Michaux) Raf. earleaf foxglove p Verbascum blattaria L. moth mullein P,D F5154 Verbascum thapsus L. woolly mullein P,D F5071 Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. water speedwell w Veronica arvensis L. corn speedwell D F4870 Veronica peregrina L. var. peregrina purslane speedwell D F4908, F4938 Veronica peregrina L:var. xalapensis hairy purslane D F4871 (Humb., Bonpl. & KunthJ St. John & Warren Veronica polita Fries wayside speedwell D Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. Culver's root P,W

S elaginellaceae Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring rock spike-moss P,F

Srnilaceae Smilax herbacea L. var. lasioneuron (Hook.) A. DC. smooth greenbrier F F4959 Smilax hispida Muhlenb. ex Torrey bristly greenbrier F F4960

Solanaceae Datura stramonium L. jimsonweed D F5244 Physalis heterophy!la Nees clammy groundcherry P,D F5208 Physalis longifo/ia Nutt. var. longifolia common groundcherry P,D F5150 Physalis pumila Nutt. subsp. pumila hairy groundcherry P,D So/anum carolinense L. Carolina horse nettle P,D F5139 Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. silverleaf nightshade D F5260 So/anum ptycanthum Dunal ex DC. black nightshade P,F,D F5719 So/anum rostratum Dunal buffalo bur D F5176

Staphyleaceae Staphylea trifolia L. American bladdernut F F4862

Taxodiaceae Taxodium distichum {L.) Rich. bald cypress D F5240

Tiliaceae Tilia americana L. American basswood F F5478

Typhaceae Typha angustifolia L. narrow-leaved cattail w Typha domingensis Pers. w Typha latifolia L. common cat-tail w F5065

Ulmaceae Ce/tis occidenta/is L. common hackberry F F4905, F5239 Ce/tis tenuifolia Nutt. dwarf hackberry F Ulmus americana L. American elm F F5205, F5257 U/mus pumila L. Siberian elm F,D Ulmus rubra Muhlenb. slippery elm F

Urticaceae Boehmeria cy/indrica {L.) Sw. bog hemp w F5227 Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. wood nettle F F5157 Parietaria pensylvanica Muhlenb. ex Willd. Pennsylvania pellitory F,D F4967 Pi/ea pumila (L.) A. Gray clearweed F F5249 Urtica dioica L. subsp. gracilis {Aiton) Selander stinging nettle F F5489

Valerianaceae p Valerianella radiata {L.) Dufr. corn salad

47 Family Species Common Name Habitat Sunflower

Verbenaceae Lippia lanceolata Michaux lanceleaf frogfruit w F5153 Phryma leptostachya L. lopseed F F5103 Verbena bracteata Lagasca & Rodriguez prostrate verbena D F5142 Verbena canadensis (l.l Britton Canada verbena p F4886 Verbena hastata L. blue verbena w Verbena simplex Leh"!l. narrowleaf verbena P,D F5085 Verbena stricta Vent. wootly verbena P,D F5084 Verbena urticifolia L. white verbena F,W F5129

Violaceae Viola pedatifida G. Don prairie violet p Viola pubescens Aiton downy yellow violet F F4855 Viola rafinesquii E. Greene Johnny-jump~up P,D F4867 Viola sororia Willd. downy blue violet F

Vitaceae Ampelopsls cordata Michaux raccoon grape F F5127 Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon Virginia creeper F F5710 Vitis cinerea (Engelm. in A. Gray) Engelm. ex Millardet graybark grape Vitis riparia Michaux riverbank grape Vitis vulpina L. winter grape F F5723

Zannichelliaceae Zannichellia palustris L. horned pondweed A

Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. puncture vine D

48 Appendix B. List of vertebrates known and possibly occurring at Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. Status categories consist of probability of occurrence (column I: C = confirmed during this study or previous studies, Pr = probably occurs 12_50% chance], Po = possibly occurs), and seasonal occurrence (column II: R = year-round resident, B = summer resident and presumed breeder, and M = migrant or winter resident).

Scientific Name Common Name Status

MAMMALS DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA VIRGINIA OPPOSSUM C, R CRYPTOTIS PARVA LEAST SHREW Pr, R SCALOPUS AQUATICUS EASTERN MOLE Pr, R MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS LITTLE BROWN MYOTIS Po, R EPTESICUS FUSCUS BIG BROWN BAT Po, R LASIURUS BOREALIS RED BAT Pr, B LASIURUS CINEREUS HOARY BAT Pr, M NYCTICEIUS HUMERALIS EVENING BAT Po, B TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS BRAZILIAN FREE-TAILED BAT Po, M DASYPUS NOVEMCINCTUS NINE-BANDED ARMADILLO Pr, R SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS EASTERN COTTONTAIL C, R MARMOTA MONAX WOODCHUCK Pr, R SPERMOPHILUS TRIDECEMLINEATUS THIRTEEN-LINED GROUND SQUIRREL Po, R SPERMOPHILUS FRANKLINII FRANKLIN'S GROUND SQUIRREL Po, R SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS GRAY SQUIRREL C, R SCIURUS NIGER FOX SQUIRREL C, R GLAUCOMYS VOLANS SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL Pr, R GEOMYS BURSARIUS PLAINS POCKET GOPHER C, R CASTOR CANADENSIS BEAVER C, R REITHRODONTOMYS MONTANUS PLAINS HARVEST MOUSE Pr, R REITHRODONTOMYS MEGALOTIS WESTERN HARVEST MOUSE Pr, R PEROMYSCUS MANICULATUS DEER MOUSE Pr, R PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE C, R SIGMODON HISPIDUS HISPID COTTON RAT C, R NEOTOMA FLORIDANA EASTERN WOODRAT C, R MICROTUS OCHROGASTER PRAIRIE VOLE Pr, R MICROTUS PINETORUM WOODLAND VOLE Pr, R ONDATRA ZIBETHICUS MUSKRAT Pr, R SYNAPTOMYS COOPERI SOUTHERN BOG LEMMING Po, R ZAPUS HUDSONIUS MEADOW JUMPING MOUSE Po, R CANIS LATRANS COYOTE C, R VULPES VULPES RED FOX Pr, R UROCYON CINEREOARGENTEUS GRAY FOX Pr, R PROCYON LOTOR RACCOON C, R MUSTELA NIVALIS LEAST WEASEL Po, R MUSTELA FRENATA LONG-TAILED WEASEL Po, R MUSTELA VISON MINK Po, R TAXIDEA TAXUS BADGER Po, R SPILOGALE PUTORIUS EASTERN SPOTTED SKUNK Po, R MEPHITIS MEPHITIS STRIPED SKUNK Pr, R ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS WHITE-TAILED DEER C, R

BIRDS GAVIA IMMER COMMON LOON Po, M PODILYMBUS PODICEPS PIED-BILLED GREBE Pr, M PODICEPS AURITUS HORNED GREBE Po, M PODICEPS NIGRICOLLIS EARED GREBE Po, M PELECANUS ERYTHRORHYNCHOS AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN Pr, M PHALACROCORAX AURITUS DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT Pr, M BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS AMERICAN BITTERN Po, M

49 IXOBRYCHUS EXILIS LEAST BITTERN Po, M ARDEA HERODIAS GREAT BLUE HERON C, B CASMERODIUS ALBUS GREAT EGRET Po, M EGRETTA THULA SNOWY EGRET Po, M EGRETTA CAERULEA LITTLE BLUE HERON Po, M BUBULCUS IBIS CATTLE EGRET Po, M/B BUTORIDES STRIATUS GREEN-BACKED HERON Pr, B NYCTICORAX NYCTICORAX BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON Po, M NYCTANASSA VIOLACEA YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON Po, M/B ANSER ALBIFRONS GREATER WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE Pr, M CHEN CAERULESCENS SNOW GOOSE Pr, M CHEN ROSSII ROSS' GOOSE Po, M BRANTA BERNICLA BRANT Po, M BRANTA CANADENSIS CANADA GOOSE C, M/R AIX SPONSA WOOD DUCK C, B ANAS CRECCA GREEN-WINGED TEAL Pr, M ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS MALLARD Pr, M ANAS ACUTA NORTHERN PINTAIL Pr, M ANAS DISCORS BLUE-WINGED TEAL C, M ANAS CLYPEATA NORTHERN SHOVELER Pr, M ANAS STREPERA GADWALL Pr, M ANAS AMERICANA AMERICAN WIGEON Pr, M AYTHYA VALISINERIA CANVASBACK Po, M AYTHYA AMERICANA REDHEAD Pr, M AYTHYA COLLARIS RING-NECKED DUCK Pr, M AYTHYA MARILA GREATER SCAUP Po, M AYTHYA AFFINIS LESSER SCAUP Pr, M BUCEPHALA CLANGULA COMMON GOLDENEYE Po, M BUCEPHALA ALBEOLA BUFFLEHEAD Pr, M LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS HOODED MERGANSER Pr, M MERGUS MERGANSER COMMON MERGANSER Pr, M OXYURA JAMAICENSIS RUDDY DUCK Pr, M CATHARTES AURA TURKEY VULTURE C, M/B PANDION HALIAETUS OSPREY Pr, M HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS BALD EAGLE C, M CIRCUS CYANEUS NORTHERN HARRIER Pr, M ACCIPITER STRIATUS SHARP-SHINNED HAWK Pr, M ACCIPITER COOPERII COOPER'S HAWK Pr, M/B BUTEO LINEATUS RED-SHOULDERED HAWK Pr, M BUTEO PLATYPTERUS BROAD-WINGED HAWK Po, M BUTEO SWAINSONI SWAINSON' S HAWK Pr, M BUTEO JAMAICENSIS RED-TAILED HAWK C, B BUTEO LAGOPUS ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK Po, M FALCO SPARVERIUS AMERICAN KESTREL C, B FALCO COLUMBARIUS MERLIN Po, M FALCO PEREGRINUS PEREGRINE FALCON Po, M BONASA UMBELLUS RUFFED GROUSE Po, R MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO WILD TURKEY C, R COLINUS VIRGINIANUS NORTHERN BOBWHITE C, R RALLUS LIMICOLA VIRGINIA RAIL Po, M PORZANA CAROLINA SORA Po, M PORPHYRULA MARTINICA PURPLE GALLINULE Po, M FULICA AMERICANA AMERICAN COOT Pr, M PLUVIALIS SQUATAROLA BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER Po, M PLUVIALIS DOMINICA LESSER GOLDEN-PLOVER Po, M CHARADRIUS ALEXANDRINUS SNOWY PLOVER Po, M CHARADRIUS SEMIPALMATUS SEMIPALMATED PLOVER Po, M CHARADRIUS VOCIFERUS KILLDEER C, B RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA AMERICAN AVOCET Po, M TRINGA MELANOLEUCA GREATER YELLOWLEGS Pr, M TRINGA FLAVIPES LESSER YELLOWLEGS Pr, M TRINGA SOLITARIA SOLITARY SANDPIPER Pr, M

50 CATOPTROPHORUS SEMIPALMATUS WILLET Po, M ACTITIS MACULARIA SPOTTED SANDPIPER Pr, M/B BARTRAMIA LONGICAUDA UPLAND SANDPIPER C, B LIMOSA HAEMASTICA HUDSONIAN GODWIT Po, M LIMOSA FEDOA MARBLED GODWIT Po, M CALIDRIS ALBA SANDERLING Po, M CALIDRIS PUSILLA SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER Pr, M CALIDRIS MAURI WESTERN SANDPIPER Pr, M CALIDRIS MINUTILLA LEAST SANDPIPER Pr, M CALIDRIS FUSCICOLLIS WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER Po, M CALIDRIS BAIRDII BAIRD'S SANDPIPER Pr, M CALIDRIS MELANOTOS PECTORAL SANDPIPER Pr, M CALIDRIS HIMANTOPUS STILT SANDPIPER Po, M TRYNGITES SUBRUFICOLLIS BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER Po, M GALLINAGO GALLINAGO COMMON SNIPE Po, M SCOLOPAX MINOR AMERICAN WOODCOCK Pr, M/B PHALAROPUS TRICOLOR WILSON'S PHALAROPE Po, M LARUS PIPIXCAN FRANKLIN'S GULL C, M LARUS PHILADELPHIA BONAPARTE'S GULL Po, M LARUS DELAWARENSIS RING-BILLED GULL Pr, M LARUS ARGENTATUS HERRING GULL Po, M STERNA CASPIA CASPIAN TERN Po, M STERNA FORSTERI FORSTER'S TERN Po, M STERNA ANTILLARUM LEAST TERN Po, M CHLIDONIAS NIGER BLACK TERN Pr, M TYTO ALBA COMMON BARN-OWL Pr, R COLUMBA LIVIA ROCK DOVE C, R ZENAIDA MACROURA MOURNING DOVE C, M COCCYZUS AMERICANUS YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO C, B OTUS ASIO EASTERN SCREECH-OWL Pr, R BUBO VIRGINIANUS GREAT HORNED OWL C, R STRIX VARIA BARRED OWL C, R ASIO OTUS LONG-EARED OWL Po, M ASIO FLAMMEUS SHORT-EARED OWL Po, M HORDEILES MINOR COMMON NIGHTHAWK C, M/B CAPRIMULGUS CAROLINENSIS CHUCK-WILL'S-WIDOW Pr, B CAPRIMULGUS VOCIFERUS WHIP-POOR-WILL Pr, B CHAETURA PELAGICA CHIMNEY SWIFT C, B ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD Pr, B CERYLE ALCYON BELTED KINGFISHER C, M/B MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS RED-HEADED WOODPECKER C, B MELANERPES CAROLINUS RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER C, R SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER Pr, M PICOIDES PUBESCENS DOWNY WOODPECKER C, R PICOIDES VILLOSUS HAIRY WOODPECKER C, R COLAPTES AURATUS NORTHERN FLICKER C, R DRYOCOPUS PILEATUS PILEATED WOODPECKER C, R CONTOPUS BOREALIS OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER Pr, M CONTOPUS VIRENS EASTERN WOOD-PEWEE C, B EMPIDONAX TRAILLII WILLOW FLYCATCHER Po, M EMPIDONAX MINIMUS LEAST FLYCATCHER Pr, M SAYORNIS PHOEBE EASTERN PHOEBE C, B MYIARCHUS CRINITUS GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER Pr, B TYRANNUS VERTICALIS WESTERN KINGBIRD Pr, B TYRANNUS TYRANNUS EASTERN KINGBIRD C, B TYRANNUS FORFICATUS SCISSOR-TAILED FLYCATCHER C, B EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS HORNED LARK Pr, R PROGNE SUBIS PURPLE MARTIN Pr, B TACHYCINETA BICOLOR TREE SWALLOW C, B STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS NORTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW C, B HIRUNDO PYRRHONOTO CLIFF SWALLOW Pr, B/M HIRUNDO RUSTICA BARN SWALLOW C, B

51 RIPARIA RIPARIA BANK SWALLOW Po, B CYANOCITTA CRISTATA BLUE JAY C, B/M CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS AMERICAN CROW C, R PARUS ATRICAPILLUS BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE C, R PARUS BICOLOR TUFTED TITMOUSE C, R SITTA CANADENSIS RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH Pr, M SITTA CAROLINENSIS WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH Pr, R CERTHIA AMERICANA BROWN. CREEPER Pr, M THRYOMANES LUDOVICIANUS CAROLINA WREN C, R TROGLODYTES AEDON HOUSE WREN Pr, B TROGLODYTES TROGLODYTES WINTER WREN Po, M CISTOTHORUS PLATENSIS SEDGE WREN Po, M REGULUS SATRAPA GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET Pr, M REGULUS CALENDULA RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET C, M POLIOPTILA CAERULEA BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER C, B SIALIA SIALIS EASTERN BLUEBIRD C, R CATHARUS FUSCESCENS VEERY Po, M CATHARUS USTULATUS SWAINSON'S THRUSH C, M HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA WOOD THRUSH Pr, M/B TURDUS MIGRATORIUS AMERICAN ROBIN C, R DUMETELLA CAROLINENSIS GRAY CATBIRD C, B MIMUS POLYGLOTTUS MOCKINGBIRD C, B TOXOSTOMA RUFUM BROWN THRASHER C, B LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE C, B/M STURNUS VULGARIS EUROPEAN STARLING C, R VIREO GRISEUS WHITE-EYED VIREO Po, M VIREO BELLII BELL'S VIREO Po, B VIREO SOLITARIUS SOLITARY VIREO Po, M VIREO FLAVIFRONS YELLOW-THROATED VIREO Po, B VIREO GILVUS WARBLING VIREO Pr, B VIREO PHILADELPHICUS PHILADELPHIA VIREO Po, M VIREO OLIVACEUS RED-EYED VIREO C, B VERMIVORA PEREGRINA TENNESSEE WARBLER C, M VERMIVORA CELATA ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER P'r, M VERMIVORA RUFICAPILLA NASHVILLE WARBLER Pr, M PARULA AMERICANA NORTHERN PARULA C, B DENDROICA PETECHIA YELLOW WARBLER Pr, M/B DENDROICA MAGNOLIA MAGNOLIA WARBLER Pr, M DENDROICA CORONATA YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER C, M DENDROICA VIRENS BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER Pr, M DENDROICA FUSCA BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER Pr, M DENDROICA STRIATA BLACKPOLL WARBLER Pr, M DENDROICA CERULEA CERULEAN WARBLER Pr, B MNIOTILTA VARIA BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER C, M SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA AMERICAN REDSTART Pr, M/B PROTONOTARIA CITREA PROTHONOTARY WARBLER Po, B SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS OVENBIRD Pr, M SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NORTHERN WATERTHRUSH Po, M SEIURUS MOTACILLA LOUISIANA WATERTHRUSH Pr, B OPORORNIS FORMOSUS KENTUCKY WARBLER C, B OPORORNIS PHILADELPHIA MOURNING WARBLER Pr, M GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS COMMON YELLOWTHROAT Pr, B WILSONIA PUSILLA WILSON'S WARBLER Pr, M WILSONIA CANADENSIS CANADA WARBLER Po, M ICTERIA VIRENS YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT Pr, B PIRANGA RUBRA SUMMER TANAGER C, B PIRANGA OLIVACEA SCARLET TANAGER Pr, B CARDINALIS CARDINALIS NORTHERN CARDINAL C, R PHEUCTICUS LUDOVICIANUS ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK Pr, B GUIRACA CAERULEA BLUE GROSBEAK Pr, B PASSERINA CYANEA INDIGO BUNTING C, B PASSERINA CIRIS PAINTED BUNTING Po, B

52 SPIZA AMERICANA DICKCISSEL C, B PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS RUFOUS-SIDED TOWHEE Pr, B SPIZELLA ARBOREA AMERICAN TREE SPARROW Pr, M SPIZELLA PASSERINA CHIPPING SPARROW Pr, B SPIZELLA PALLIDA CLAY-COLORED SPARROW Pr, M SPIZELLA PUSILLA FIELD SPARROW C, B POOECETES GRAMINEUS VESPER SPARROW Pr, M CHONDESTES GRAMMACUS LARK SPARROW Pr, B PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS SAVANNAH SPARROW Pr, M AMMODRAMUS SAYANNARUM GRASSHOPPER SPARROW C, B AMMODRAMUS HENSLOWII HENSLOW'S SPARROW Po, B AMMODRAMUS LECONTEII LE CONTE'S SPARROW Pr, M PASSERELLA ILIACA FOX SPARROW Pr, M MELOSPIZA MELODIA SONG SPARROW Pr, M MELOSPIZA LINCOLNII LINCOLN'S SPARROW c, M MELOSPIZA GEORGIANA SWAMP SPARROW Pr, M ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS WHITE-THROATED SPARROW C, M ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW Pr, M ZONOTRICHIA QUERULA HARRIS' SPARROW Pr, M JUNCO HYEMALIS DARK-EYED JUNCO Pr, M CALCARIUS LAPPONICUS LAPLAND LONGSPUR Pr, M DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS BOBOLINK Po, M AGELAIUS PHOENICEUS RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD C, R STURNELLA MAGNA EASTERN MEADOWLARK C, R STURNELLA NEGLECTA WESTERN MEADOWLARK Po, M XANTHOCEPHALUS XANTHOCEPHALUS YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD Po, M EUPHAGUS CAROLINUS RUSTY BLACKBIRD Po, M EUPHAGUS CYANOCEPHALUS BREWER'S BLACKBIRD Po, M QUISCALUS MEXICANUS GREAT-TAILED GRACKLE C, M QUISCALUS QUISCULA COMMON GRACKLE C, B MOLOTHRUS ATER BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD C, B ICTERUS SPURIUS ORCHARD ORIOLE Pr, B ICTERUS GALBULA NORTHERN ORIOLE C, B CARPODACUS PURPUREUS PURPLE FINCH Pr, M LOXIA CURVIROSTRA RED CROSSBILL Po, M CARDUELIS PINUS PINE SISKIN Pr, M CARDUELIS TRISTIS AMERICAN GOLDFINCH C, R PASSER DOMESTICUS HOUSE SPARROW C, R

REPTILES CHELYDRA SERPENTINA SNAPPING TURTLE C, R CHRYSEMYS PICTA PAINTED TURTLE C, R GRAPTEMYS GEOGRAPHICA COMMON MAP TURTLE Po, R GRAPTEMYS PSEUDOGEOGRAPHICA OUACHITA MAP TURTLE Pr, R TERRAPENE CAROLINA EASTERN BOX TURTLE Po, R TERRAPENE ORNATA ORNATE BOX TURTLE C, R TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA SLIDER C, R APALONE MUTICA SMOOTH SOFTSHELL Po, R APALONE SPINIFERA SPINY SOFTSHELL Po, R OPHISAURUS ATTENUATUS WESTERN SLENDER GLASS LIZARD C, R EUMECES ANTHRACINUS COAL SKINK Po, R EUMECES FASCIATUS FIVE-LINED SKINK C, R EUMECES SEPTENTRIONALIS NORTHERN PRAIRIE SKINK Po, R EUMECES OBSOLETUS GREAT PLAINS SKINK C, R SCINCELLA LATERALIS GROUND SKINK Pr, R CNEMIDOPHORUS SEXLINEATUS SIX-LINED RACERUNNER Pr, R CARPHOPHIS AMOENUS WESTERN WORM SNAKE C, R COLUBER CONSTRICTOR RACER Pr, R DIADOPHIS PUNCTATUS RINGNECK SNAKE C, R ELAPHE EMORYI GREAT PLAINS RAT SNAKE Pr, R ELAPHE OBSOLETA RAT SNAKE C, R

53 HETERODON PLATIRHINOS EASTERN HOGNOSE SNAKE Po, R Ll\MPROPELTIS CALLIGASTER PRAIRIE KINGSNAKE Pr, R Ll\MPROPELTIS GETULA COMMON KINGSNAKE Pr, R Ll\MPROPELTIS TRIANGULUM MILK SNAKE Pr, R NERODIA ERYTHROGASTER PLAINBELLY WATER SNAKE Pr, R NERODIA RHOMBIFER DIAMONDBACK WATER SNAKE Po, R NERODIA SIPEDON NORTHERN WATER SNAKE C, R OPHEODRYS AESTIVUS ROUGH GREEN SNAKE Pr, R PITUOPHIS MELANOLEUCUS GOPHER SNAKE Pr, R REGINA GRAHAMII GRAHAM'S CRAYFISH SNAKE Po, R STORERIA DEKAYI BROWN SNAKE C, R STORERIA OCCIPITOMACULATA REDBELLY SNAKE Po, R TANTILLA GRACILIS FLATHEAD SNAKE C, R THAMNOPHIS PROXIMUS WESTERN RIBBON SNAKE Pr, R THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS RED-SIDED GARTER SNAKE C, R TROPIDOCLONION LINEATUM LINED SNAKE Pr, R VIRGINIA VALERIAE SMOOTH EARTH SNAKE Po, R AGKISTRODON CONTORTRIX COPPERHEAD C, R CROTALUS HORRIDUS TIMBER RATTLESNAKE Pr, R

AMPHIBIANS AMBYSTOMA TEXANUM SMALLMOUTH SALAMANDER Pr, R AMBYSTOMA TIGRINUM TIGER SALAMANDER Pr, R NECTURUS MACULOSUS MUDPUPPY Pr, R BUFO AMERICANUS AMERICAN TOAD Pr, R BUFO WOODHOUSE! WOODHOUSE'S TOAD Po, R ACRIS CREPITANS BLANCHARD'S CRICKET FROG C, R HYLA CHRYSOSCELIS COPE'S GRAY TREEFROG C, R HYLA VERSICOLOR GRAY TREEFROG Pr, R PSEUDACRIS TRISERIATA WESTERN CHORUS FROG C, R GASTROPHRYNE OLIVACEA GREAT PLAINS NARROWMOUTH TOAD Pr, R SPEA BOMBIFRONS PLAINS SPADEFOOT Pr, R RANA AREOLATA CRAWFISH FROG Po, R RANA BLAIRI PLAINS LEOPARD FROG C, R RANA CATESBEIANA BULLFROG C, R RANA SPHENOCEPHALA SOUTHERN LEOPARD FROG Po, R

FISHES LEPISOSTEUS OSSEUS LONGNOSE GAR C, R DOROSOMA CEPEDIANUM GIZZARD SHAD C, R CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALUM CENTRAL STONEROLLER C, R CARASSIUS AURATUS GOLDFISH Po, R CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA GRASS CARP Po, R CYPRINUS CARPIO COMMON CARP Pr, R HYBOGNATHUS ARGYRITIS WESTERN SILVERY MINNOW Po, M HYBOGNATHUS PLACITUS PLAINS MINNOW C, M NOCOMIS BIGUTTATUS HORNYHEAD CHUB Po, R NOTROPIS ATHERINOIDES EMERALD SHINER Po, M NOTROPIS STRAMINEUS SAND SHINER C, R PHENACOBIUS MIRABILIS SUCKERMOUTH MINNOW Pr, R PIMEPHALES NOTATUS BLUNTNOSE MINNOW C, R PIMEPHALES PROMELAS FATHEAD MINNOW C, R SEMOTILUS ATROMACULATUS CREEK CHUB C, R CYPRINELLA LUTRENSIS RED SHINER C, R LUXILUS CORNUTUS COMMON SHINER Pr, R LYTHRURUS UMBRATILIS REDFIN SHINER Pr, R CARPIODES CARPIO RIVER CARPSUCKER Pr, R CATOSTOMUS COMMERSONI WHITE SUCKER Pr, R ICTIOBUS BUBALUS SMALLMOUTH BUFFALO Pr, R ICTIOBUS CYPRINELLUS BIGMOUTH BUFFALO Po, M ICTIOBUS NIGER BLACK BUFFALO Po, M MOXOSTOMA MACROLEPIDOTUM SHORTHEAD REDHORSE Po, R

54 ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS CHANNEL CATFISH C, R NOTURUS EXILIS SLENDER MADTOM C, R PYLODICTIS OLIVARIS FLATHEAD CATFISH Pr, R ICTALURUS MELAS BLACK BULLHEAD C, R ICTALURUS NATALIS YELLOW BULLHEAD C, R LEPOMIS CYANELLUS GREEN SUNFISH C, R LEPOMIS HUMILIS ORANGESPOTTED SUNFISH Pr, R LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS BLUEGILL C, R MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES LARGEMOUTH BASS C, R POMOXIS ANNULARIS WHITE CRAPPIE Pr, R POMOXIS NIGROMACULATUS BLACK CRAPPIE Po, R ETHEOSTOMA NIGRUM JOHNNY DARTER Po, R ETHEOSTOMA SPECTABILE ORANGETHROAT DARTER C, R PERCINA CAPRODES LOGPERCH Pr, R

55 Appendix C. American burying beetle surveys for 1992. }}-KANSAS BIOLOGICAL SURVEY

Survey for the American Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) in Eastern Kansas

by

Steve W. Lingafelter and William H. Busby

No. 53 September 30, 1992

Reports of the State Biological Survey of Kansas \

Survey for the American Burying Beetle (Nicrophoms americanus) in Eastern Kansas

Steven W. Lingafelter Snow Entomological Museum - University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045

and

William H. Busby Kansas Biological Survey 2041 Constant Avenue Lawrence KS 66047

Report to United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Manhattan, Kansas Cooperative agreement no. 14-48-0006-92-908 September 30, 1992 Survey for the American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) in Eastern Kansas

ABSTRACT

A survey for the American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Olivier), was undertaken in 1992 at ten sites in eastern Kansas. A pitfall trap design modified slightly from Kozol (in Raithel, 1991) was used. The sites were: Clinton Lake (126 trapnights), Baldwin Woods (44 trapnights), Perry Lake (75 trapnights), Welda (144 trapnights), Marais des Cygnes Wildlife Area (72 trapnights), Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant (72 trapnights), Mined Lands Wildlife Area (78 trapnights), Douglas County State Lake (60 trapnights), Melvern Lake (120 trapnights), and Elk City Lake and Montgomery State Lake (251 trapnights). Each site was sampled once · during the period from May 8 through August 13, 1992, except for the Clinton Lake area, which was surveyed twice. Results for all Silphidae species were recorded. No Nicrophorus americanus were recorded in this survey. Other Silphidae species collected were; Necrophila americana, Oiceoptoma inaequale, Oiceoptoma noveboracense, Nicrophorus orbicollis, Nicrophorus marginatus, Nicrophorus pustulatus, Nicrophorus tomentosus, and Necrodes surinamensis.

INTRODUCTION

The American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Olivier), has attracted much attention among entomologists due both to its appearance and interesting biology. It is a large beetle, the largest species in the family of carrion beetles, and specimens can approach 4 centimeters in length. Like most other species in the genus, it has noticeable orange markings on the elytra. It differs from its congeners in also having a red to orange pronotum and frons. These characters make it easily recognizable. It has a most interesting biology--like others in the genus--in that it portrays a high degree of parental care. This feature is very rare in non­ social insects and occurs in only a handful of beetle species. The basic biology of this and other Nicrophorus species follows as paraphrased from Scott and Traniello (1989) and Kozol et al. (1988): A male and/or female beetle will search for a suitably-sized, recently dead organism. The odors of initial decomposition attract the pair. The organism must be of a size that can be carried to an area of soil conducive to burial. As the American Burying Beetle is the largest in the genus, it can bury carrion of slightly larger -size than its congeners, however, it is still limited to carrion less than 300 grams in most cases. Once the carrion is buried, both will work together to roll it up into a ball and remove the hair and/or feathers. Construction of a brood chamber and subsequent mating occurs. The female then lays eggs in a chamber next to the carrion. Once the eggs hatch, the female will stay with the larvae and feed on the carrion, regurgitating it to the young. This continues until the larvae are large enough to feed independently.

Historically, the American Burying Beetle had a widespread distribution over much of eastern and central United States (Peck and Kaulbars, 1987). Previous Kansas records include specimens from Doniphan, Douglas, Montgomery, Osage, Pottawatomie, Riley, Saline, and Shawnee counties. The most recently collected Nicrophorus americanus is a 1940 Riley County specimen. At present, populations of this beetle are known only on Block Island (Rhode Island), in east-central Oklahoma and western Arkansas (recent surveys have indicated nearly 200 specimens) (Creighton, et al 1991), and in Cherry County, Nebraska (a total of six specimens h~ve been taken in 1992) (Ratcliffe and Jameson, in press).

Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mysterious decline of the American Burying Beetle. These include: loss of habitat due to agricultural development; decline of host species; susceptibility to pesticides; attraction to lights resulting in removal from population; and competition with congeners. All of these hypotheses may have some validity but have not been thoroughly tested.

The purpose of this study was to conduct an initial survey for the American Burying Beetle in eastern Kansas. Prior to this study, the only recent survey in Kansas for this species was a survey on Ft. Riley Military Reservation in which no American Burying Beetles were found (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 1991).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This survey was conducted by using a trap design slightly modified from Kozol (1991) [in Raithel (1991)]. Each trap consisted of two 24-ounce plastic cups which were recessed into the ground. In the cups was placed moist sand to a depth of 2-3 centimeters. The sand serves to provide a refuge for the beetles and to slow desiccation of the bait. Initially the bait, which included chicken hearts and gizzards (one per trap) was placed in paper catchup containers suspended by paper clips from the lip of the trap. However, as Nicrophorus species were collected, they inevitably were able to transfer the meat to the sandy bottom of the trap. Since no mortality as a result of this was observed, traps later in this survey had bait placed directly on the sand. The plastic cups were covered by a one-square foot piece of chicken-wire which was fastened tightly to the ground by two eight-inch stakes. This served as a deterrent to other vertebrate scavengers, yet still provided easy access to carrion beetles. At times when rain was likely, a one-square foot piece of plywood, held in place by 8-inch stakes, was placed over the chicken-wire, or in some cases used in place of the chicken-wire.

These traps were placed in trap lines of approximately 6-10 traps, each placed about 100 feet apart. Some trap lines had more traps (up to 15) and some had fewer (down to 3). At a given site, 2-6 trap lines were set up, each at least 1 mile apart. Most sites were sampled once

2 during the study; the Clinton Lake area was sampled twice. Given that this was the initial survey of a large geographic area (i.e., eastern Kansas), we opted for an extensive rather than an intensive sampling design. The number of sites and trap lines was maximized, and no single site was sampled exhaustively.

Collection and identification was limited to beetles of the family Silphidae. At each site all silphids were collected after each trap night (except specimans from the last night) and were preserved by freezing, and later counted and identified in the lab. Specimens from the last night were identified in the field, counted, and only less common species were retained. Some variations in this procedure occurred notably at the Melvern site and Elk City/Montgomery State Lake sites where only representative specimens were retained. With the exception of these two sites, this methodology resulted in a complete census of all silphids trapped.

SURVEY SITES

Several criteria were used in selecting survey locations. Efforts were made to sample widely within the easternmost three tiers of counties in Kansas, with special effort given to the counties close to Lawrence. Areas with large tracts of native vegetation were preferred and areas of intensive agriculture were avoided. Lastly, for ease of access, publicly owned lands were selected where possible.

Ten sites in eastern Kansas were surveyed during this study. Two of these sites were surveyed by other workers: Edwin Miller, Kansas Department of Wildlife & Parks, conducted the Elk City Lake/Montgomery State Lake survey, and Gerald Horak and Donald Patton, Kansas Department of Wildlife & Parks, conducted the Melvern Lake survey. In addition, surveys at national wildlife refuges in Kansas and at Ft. Riley Military Reservation were conducted by USFWS personnel in 1992 and results will be reported elsewhere. The ten sites are: Clinton Lake (also including Osage State Fishing Lake), Baldwin Woods, Perry Lake, Welda, Marais des Cygnes Wildlife Area, Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant, Mined Lands Wildlife Areas near Pittsburg, Douglas County State Lake, Melvern Lake, and Elk City Lake/Montgomery State Lake. Map 1 shows the localities of each of these sites in Kansas. A complete description of each trapline at each of these sites follows:

I. Clinton Lake and Osage State Lake (Maps 2-4)

Description: Clinton Lake is a large Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) reservoir. Land use is a mixture of cropland, deciduous woodland, native and exotic grassland, and successional area. Osage State Lake is a 506 acres area operated by the Kansas Department of Wildlife & Parks (KDWP). The area is composed mostly of tallgrass prairie and woodland. Period of trapping: May 10-12, 1992 Total number of traps: 19 Total number of nights: 3

3 Trapnights: 51 Weather conditions: 85F/60-65F; sunny; light rain May 11.

a. Woodridge Park (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 8; T13S; Rl8E] (Map 2) Planted native grassland, oak/hickory forest, and successional woodland (7 traps set) , b. Bloomington Park (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 15; Tl3S; Rl8E] (Map 2) Gravel storage area surrounded by planted grass and narrow tracts of successional woodland (3 Traps set) c. 3 miles southwest 9f Clinton (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 32; Tl3S; Rl8E] (Map 2) Oak/hickory forest bordering Rock Creek; surrounded by cropland (4 traps set) · d. Osage State Lake (Osage Co.)[Sec. 6; T15S; Rl6E] (Map 3) Deciduous forest and tallgrass prairie (4 traps set) e. 4.5 miles southwest of Woodridge park (Shawnee Co.) [Sec. 27; Tl3S; Rl7E] (Map 4) , Oak/hickory forest bordering creek; surrounded by cropland (1 trap set)

II. Baldwin Woods (Map 5)

Description: High quality oak/hickory forest owned by University of Kansas Ecological Reserves. Surrounded by decidous forest and agricultural land. Pen·od of trapping: May 14-18, 1992 Total number of traps: 11 Total number of nights: 4 Trapnights: 44 Weather conditions: 75F-85F/55F-60F; cloudy and foggy most nights and mornings, clearing and warming later in the days.

a. Breidenthal Biological Reserve (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 27; Tl4S; R20E] An east to west transect in undisturbed oak/hickory forest (6 traps set) b. Rice Woodlands (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 28; Tl4S; R20E] A north to south transect in the western third of this oak/hickory forest tract(S traps set)

III. Perry Lake (Map 6)

Description: A large ACE reservoir with large tracts of oak/hickory forest and successional areas. Surrounding area mostly intensive agriculture. Period of trapping: June 21-23, 1992 Total number of traps: 25 Total number of nights: 3 Total Trapnights: 75

4 Weather conditions: 75F-85F/55F-60F; sunny and clear in days; cool after dark.

a .. 1.5 miles east of Slough Creek Park (Jefferson Co.) [Sec. 34; TlOS; RlSE] Planted grassland with hedgerows; forested closer to lake (6 traps set) b. Slough Creek Park--West Shelter area (Jefferson Co.) [Sec. 32; TlOS; RlSE] Decidous forest bordering Slough Creek (5 traps set) c. Longview area (Jefferson Co.) [Sec. 18; TlOS; RlSE] · Deciduous forest and interspered planted grassland (7 traps set) d. 6 miles north of intersection of K-92 and Hwy 16 (Jefferson Co.) [Sec. 32; T8S; Rl SE] Edge of successional forest bordering road and cropland (7 traps set)

IV. \Velda (Map 7)

Description: Rangeland and cropland between towns of Welda and Garnett, Anderson County. Contains large areas of tallgrass prairie used for pasture and hay production. Period of trapping: June 25-28, 1992 Total number of traps: 36 Total number of nights: 4 Total trapnights: 144 Weather conditions: 80F-95F/60F; rapid warming and violent storms producing 3-4 inches of rain on June 25, but subsequent days cooler and no precipitation.

a. 7 miles southwest of Garnett (Anderson Co.) [Sec. 16-17; T21S; R19E] Roadside adjacent rocky, moderately-grazed prairie pasture (11 traps set) b. 5 miles south of Garnett (Anderson Co.) [Sec. 20; T21S; R20E] Roadside adjacent moderately-grazed prairie pasture (10 traps set) c. 7.5 miles southwest of Garnett (Anderson Co.) [Sec. 31; T21S; R20E] Roadside adjacent prairie pasture (10 traps set) d. 2 miles south of Welda (Anderson Co.) [Sec. 14; T22S; R19E] Roadside adjacent prairie pasture (5 traps set)

V. Marais des Cygnes Wildlife Area (Map 8)

Description: Bottomland along the Marais des Cygnes River managed for waterfowl by Kansas Department of Wildlife & Parks. Contains floodplain forest, upland oak/hickory forest, successional habitat, managed pools, and cropland. Period of trapping: July 26-29, 1992 Total number of traps: 24 Total number of nights: 3 Total trapnights: 12

5 Weather conditions: 85F/60F; heavy rains prior to setting traps; clear weather every trapnight.

a. Unit F-2 (Linn Co.) [Sec. 18; T21S; R25E] Margin of cropland bordered by riparian forest and located near unit F-2 waterfowl area (14 traps set) b. Unit A (Linn Co.) [Sec. 6; T21S; R25E] Margin of dirt road along eastern periphery of Unit A--bordering Marais des Cygnes River; bottomland forest· (5 traps set) c. Unit G (Linn Co.) [Sec. 27; T20S; R24E] Oak/hickory forest on a steep slope bordering Unit G. Elevational transect from base of hill to ridgetop (5 traps set)

VI. Clinton Lake (Map 9)

Description: see I. above Period of trapping: July 31-August 3, 1992 Total number of traps: 23 Total number of nights: 3 Total trapnights: 69 Weather conditions: 85F/60F; warm and clear except for August 2 which had early morning thunderstorms.

a. Woodridge Park (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 8; Tl3S; Rl8E] Fenceline bordering rolling grassland (habitat same as Ia.) (11 traps set) b. 2 miles east of Rockhaven Park (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 34; Tl3S; RISE] Successional habitat along roadside near reservoir (9 traps set) c. Outlet below Clinton Lake dam (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 17; Tl3S; R19EJ Wooded area bordering picnic area and planted grassland (3 traps set)

VII. Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant (Map 10)

Description: Large ammunition plant bordered by planted fescue hay meadows, oak/hickory riparian forest, and (outside the plant) cropland and planted pasture. Period of trapping: August 5-8, 1992 Total number of traps: 24 Total number of nights: 3 Total trapnights: 72 Weather conditions: 90F/60F; cloudy days early, clearing later, and very humid.

a. Northwest comer (Johnson Co.) [Sec. 13; Tl3S; R21E] Fescue hay meadow bordering woods (9 traps set) b. Southwest comer (Johnson Co.) [Sec. 25; Tl3S; R21E] Tallgrass prairie bordering Robert's Lake and adjacent

6 woods (5 traps set) c. Southeast corner (Johnson Co.) [Sec. 29; T13S; R22E] Margin of fescue hay meadow bordering Spoon Creek and associated riparian forest (5 traps set) d. Northeast corner (Johnson Co.) [Sec. 8; T13S; R22E] Hay meadow beside open woodland (5 traps set)

VIII. Mined Lands Wildlife Areas near Pittsburg (Map 11)

Description: Reclaimed stripmine land managed by Kansas Department of Wildife & Parks. Dense, successional woodland and re-seeded native grasslands with numerous lakes and ponds Period of trapping: August 10-13, 1992 Total number of traps: 26 Total number of nights: 3 Total trapnights: 78 Weather conditions: August 10: 98F/65F; thunderstorms overnight; August 11-13: 75F-80F/50F-55F; clear and cool.

a. Mined Land Area #7 (Crawford Co.) [Sec. 33; T30S; R23E] Roadside succesional woodland surrounded by many ponds. (10 traps set) b. Mined Land Area-#1 (Crawford Co.) [Sec. 32; T29S; R25E] Grassland bordering riparian woods (8 traps set) c. Mined land area #3 (Crawford Co.) [Sec. 12; T30S; R25E] Wooded area bordering small lake (8 traps set)

IX. Douglas County State Lake (Niap 12)

Description: Approx. 600 acre property owned by Kansas Department of Wildlife & Parks. Land mostly upland oak/hickory forest. Surrounding lands contain a mixture of forest, successional habitat, and agricultural land. Period of trapping: July 16-19, 1992 Total number of traps: 20 Total number of nights: 3 Total trapnights: 60 Weather conditions: 85F/65F; partly cloudy; heavy rains 2 days prior to setting traps.

a. 2 miles east of Vinland (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 13; Tl4S; R20E] Weedy brome field at edge of successional woodland (10 traps set) b. Douglas County State Lake (Douglas Co.) [Sec. 26; Tl4S; R20E] Northeast side of lake along trail and road in oak woodland and successional forest (10 traps set)

7 X. Melvern Lake (Map 13)

Description: A large Corps of Engineers reservoir surrounded by tallgrass prairie. Public lands consist largely of idle tallgrass prairie and successional habitat; private lands consist largely of prairie rangeland and cropland. Period of trapping: July 27-30, 1992 Total nwnber of traps: 40 Total nwnber of nights: 3 Total trapnights: 120 Weather conditions: 85-90F/60-65F; clear a. 1 mile SW of Melvern State Park office (Osage Co.) [Sec. 4; T18S; Rl5E] Weedy brome field near hedge row (10 traps set) b. Turkey Point area (Osage Co.) [Sec. 31; T17S; R15E] Weedy tallgrass prairie, recently burned (10 traps set) c. (Osage Co.) [Sec. 10; T18S; R14E] Shrubby tallgrass prairie (10 traps set) d. 3.2 miles east of Reading (Osage Co.) [Sec. 6; T18S; R14E] Shrubby tallgrass prairie (10 traps set)

XI. Montgomery State Lake and Elk City Lake (Map 14)

Description: Montgomery State Lake is a 408 acre area owned by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks that contains tallgrass prairie, sandstone glades, and oak woodland. Nearby Elk City Lake is a large Corps of Engineers reservoir with a mixture of oak woodland, native and planted grasslands, and cropland. Period of trapping: May 8-13 (traplines a&b); May 8-22 (trapline c) Total number of traps: 33 Total nwnber of nights: 5 (traplines a&b); 13 (trapline c) Total trapnights: 251 Weather conditions: 70-85F/40-70F; very light rain several nights. Trapping conditions were quite cool early but gradually warming up towards the latter days.

a. Montgomery State Lake (Montgomery Co.) [Sec. 19; T33S; Rl6E] Tallgrass prairie interspersed with oak woodland near 100 ac. lake (9 traps set) b. Elk City Lake overlook area (Montgomery Co.) [Sec. 9; T32S; Rl5E] Mowed bromegrass area on ridgetop surrounded by dense oak woodland (10 traps set) c. Elk City Lake, south Squaw Creek area (Montgomery Co.) [Sec. 21; T32S; R15E] Disturbed tallgrass prairie and cropland bordering reservoir (11 traps set)

8 RESULTS

A total of eight species of Silphidae were collected, including four species of Nicrophorus. No specimens of of Nicrophorus americanus were trapped or observed.

Each of the following tables contains a list of all the species encountered in this survey. The number of.specimens for each species per site is recorded. The Roman numeral and letter abbreviations are those of the previous trapline descriptions.

Table 1: Silphidae collected in Clinton Lake and Osage State Lake areas during May 10-12, 1992.

Ia Ib le Id le Total Necrophila americana \ 3 4 5 0 0 12 Oiceoptoma inaequale 45 10 11 9 12 87 Oiceoptoma noveboracense 0 0 1 0 0 1 Nicrophorus orbicollis 9 1 2 2 5 19 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus pustulatus 1 0 0 0 0 1 Nicrophorus tomentosus 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 2: Silphidae collected in Baldwin woods research area during May 14-18, 1992.

Ila IIb Total Necrophila americana 31 2 33 Oiceoptoma inaequale 11 2 13 Oiceoptoma noveboracense 1 0 1 Nicrophorus orbicollis 12 16 28 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 0 Nicrophorus pustulatus 1 0 1 Nicrophorus tomentosus 0 0 0 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 0

9 Table 3: Silphidae collected in Perry Lake area during June 21-23, 1992.

ma illb me md Total Necrophila americana 1 7 4 2 14 Oiceoptoma inaequale 3 12 8 7 30 Oiceoptoma noveboracense 0 .4 1 0 5 Nicrophorus orbicollis 1 1 4 4 10 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 0 1 1 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus tomentosus 1 2 0 21 24 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 0 0 0

Table 4: Silphidae collected in Anderson County during June 25-28, 1992.

IVa IVb IVc IVd Total Necrophila americana 0 0 0 0 0 Oiceoptoma inaequale 13 10 3 15 41 Oiceoptoma noveboracense 0 -0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus orbicollis 0 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus marginatus 5 2 0 1 8 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus tomentosus 18 4 2 10 34 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 0 0 0

Table 5: Silphidae collected in Marais des Cygnes wildlife area during July 26-29, 1992.

Va Vb Ve Total Necrophila americana 0 0 13 13 Oiceoptoma inaequale 0 0 0 0 Oiceoptoma noveboracense 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus orbicollis 10 1 37 48 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus tomentosus 0 0 0 0 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 0 0

10 Table 6: Silphidae collected in Clinton Lake area during July 31-August 3, 1992.

VIa VIb VIc Total Necrophila americana 2 0 0 2 Oiceoptoma inaequale 0 0 0 0 . Oiceoptoma noveboracense 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus orbicollis 7 2 4 13 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus tomentosus 0 1 0 1 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 0 0

Table 7. Silphidae collected in Sunflower Ammunition Plant during August 5-8, 1992.

Vila VIIb VIIc VIId Total Necrophila americana 3 0 0 0 3 Oiceoptoma inaequale 0 0 0 0 0 , Oiceoptoma noveboracense 0 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus orbicollis 3 2 6 8 19 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus tomentosus 0 0 0 0 0 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 0 0 0

Table 8: Silphidae collected in the Mined Lands Wildlife Area during August 10-13, 1992.

Villa VIIIb Ville Total Necrophila americana 0 1 1 2 Oiceoptoma inaequa/e 0 0 0 0 Oiceoptoma noveboracense 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus orbicollis 4 4 10 18 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 0 0 Nitrophorus pustulatus 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus tomentosus 0 0 0 0 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 0 0

11 Table 9: Silphidae collected in Vinland area during July 14-17, 1992.

IXa IXb Total Necrophila americana 20 8 28 Oiceoptoma inaequale 0 0 0 Oiceoptoma noveboracense 0 0 0 Nicrophorus orbicollis 2 10 12 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 0 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 0 0 Nicrophorus_ tomentosus 1 0 1 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 0

Table 10: Silphidae collected in Melvern Lake area during July 27-30, 1992.

Xa Xb Xe Xd Total Necrophila americana 0 0 3 0 3 Oiceoptoma inaequale 0 0 0 0 0 Oiceoptoma noveboracense 0 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus orbicollis 1 1 7 4 13 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 2 4 6 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus tomentosus 1 0 0 0 1 Necrodes surinamensis 0 0 1 0 1

Table 11: Silphidae collected in Montgomery State Lake and Elk City Lake areas during May 8-22, 1992. The numbers of individuals are a subset of actual beetles trapped.

Xla Xlb Xlc Total Necrophila americana 2 0 1 3 Oiceoptoma inaequale 3 26 48 77 Oiceoptoma noveboracense 1 0 0 1 Nicrophorus orbicollis 2 2 0 4 Nicrophorus marginatus 1 0 6 7 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 0 0 0 Nicrophorus tomentosus 0 1 9 10 Necrodes surinamensis 3 0 1 4

12 DISCUSSION

A great variety of habitats were surveyed ranging from undisturbed upland deciduous forests to shrubby successional woodlands, high quality tallgrass prairies to overgrazed non­ native grasslands, riparian forest, cropland, and edge habitats. Extensive trapping, totalling 1042 trap nights at 10 sites throughout eastern Kansas, produced no Nicrophorus americanus. However, eight.other species of Silphidae were recorded. These were Necrophila americana, Oiceoptoma inaequale, Oiceoptoma noveboracense, Nicrophorus orbicollis, Nicrophorus marginatus, Nicrophorus pustulatus, Nicrophorus tomentosus, and Necrodes surinamensis. The Silphidae species representation encountered is very similar to that encountered in eastern \ Nebraska by Jameson and Ratcliffe (1989) in their survey for the American Burying Beetle.

We feel that further studies need to be conducted before the status of Nicrophorus americanus can confidently stated for Kansas. Given the crypticity of localized populations as recently discovered in Nebraska, (see Jameson and Ratcliffe, in press), the possibility of its presence definitely exists. As with any survey, this study was conducted with monetary and time limitations. Given these constraints, maximizing the number of sites was the best approach. However, future surveys perhaps could employ a different methodology such as sampling fewer sites and surveying each at different times throughout the season. This approach, as has been done at Ft. Riley in 1991-92, would place an emphasis on seasonality, and lessen the chance of missing a population by trapping throughout its cycle.

We hope that studies such as this continue to be supported so that more can be learned about this interesting beetle.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following individuals merit special gratitude for conducting surveys at study sites: Ed Miller, Jerry Horak, and Don Patton, all of the Kansas Department of Wildlife & Parks. We thank the managers of the state and federal lands visited for permission to conduct this research. Finally, we acknowledge the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (cooperative agreement no. 14-48-0006-92-908) and the Kansas Biological Survey for providing funding.

13 LITERATURE CITED

Creighton, J. C., C. C. Vaughn, R. Rudman, and B. R. Chapman. 1991. Habitat use and genetic characterization and variability in the American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus, in Oklahoma. Unpublished report prepared for Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. Oklahoma City, OK. 7 pp.

Jameson, M. L. and B. C. Ratcliffe. 1989. A survey to determine the Abundance of the endangered American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) in Nebraska. Unpublished report to the U.S. Fish and- Wildlife Service. 15pp.

Kozel, A. J., M. P. Scott, and J. F. A. Traniello. 1988. The American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus: Studies on the natural history of a declining species. Psyche 95:167-176.

Peck, S. B. and M. M. Kaulbars. 1987. A synopsis of the distribution and bionomics of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of the conterminous United States. Proceeding of the Entomological Society of Ontario 118:47-81

Raithel, C. 1991. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) Recovery Plan. Newton Corner, Massachusetts. 80 pp.

Ratcliffe, B. C. and M. L. Jameson. In press. New Nebraska occurrences of the endangered American Burying Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

Scott, M. P. and J. F. A. Traniello. 1989. Guardians of the underworld. Natural History 6:32-36.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1991. A survey to determine the presence of American Burying Beetle on Fort Riley Military Reservation, Kansas. USFWS, Manhattan KS.

14 CHEYENNE I RAl\tlNS I DECA11JR I NOOTON PllllllPS SMITH JEWELL I REPUBLIC WASHINGTON MARSHAUL NEMAHA BROWN OONIPHAN

' I I I I I ICLOJD ATCH!,;oo'" / SHERMAN I TTJOMAS I Sf/ERIOAN 1GRAHAM ROOKS-- I OSBORNE MITCHELL CLAY

r , , , , , LINCOLN IOTTAWA SHAWNEE WALLACE I LOOAN I GOVE I TREGO I ELLIS I RUSSELL 1 DICKJNSON GEARY I

,______, SALINE MORRJS OSAGE ' VII ELLSWORTH 1.,---""1 FRANKllN MIAMI i-::-:::::-::::--r-:'---c:--,,---'--,----,--'-----+----t:::::=r-,GREELEY WICHITA SCOTT LANE NESS RUSH BARTON . I,X I I McPHERSON I MARIOO AICE CHASE COFFEY ANDERSON I UNN I l I I I PAWNEE IHAMILTOO I KEA!1NY FINNEY I HODGEMAN I IV V I STAFFORD~RENO ' / HARVEY ll"iiiirurnI juHI BUTUER GREENWOOD I WOOOSON I AllEN BOIJRBOff GRAY I r:lRDs I I FORD SEDGWICK 1-----< PRATT STANTON GRANT HASKELL 'MLSON NEOSHO KIOWA Kl~MAN CRAWFORD ELK VIII I I I MEADE CLARK BARBER SUMNER COWLEY MOIITON I STEVENS I SEWARD 1 1----::-, ' I LABETTE COMAOCllE I HARPER CHEROKEE ICHAUTAUOOA I~RY XI

Map 1. County localities of 1992 eastern Kansas survey for Nicrophorus americanus. Roman numerals apply to sites as described in trapline description section of this report. Douglas County .,,,

JEFFERSON

T11 S T 11 S T12 S T 12 5

T 12 5

T 13 5

T 13 S ;,i;._.lla;!:..,!-"~!-T 13 S T 14 S T 14 S >­ f- z 3;-+-::'2b+-'+-+-fif--+'-'f-'v;~ 0 0 (J) u z I -,0

T 14 S T 15 S w ('.) <( (J) 0 COUNTY

LEGEND I GE'.'/ERAL HIGHWAY MAP ,o()"-0 •...n:w IHCSIGNAT'°"' DOUGLAS COUNTY •O:Oltl!M,A•O "H01JTH1; >OGMWAT .YST£.._ ---~ ...."'0V(0 -"">AO•• t ,ccO _..,0 O""'"CI;> ,OOAO. ;~:::~:::~ ;;'c'"o",.";,.;:c::::.!!"!:~:.- ·:: .:~ KANSAS ~ .,,-•cro "°"O·· • I wr,._ o" sro"c !OOAO-- ~";":~:::~,;":.~:::... ,o .. wu ~ ...... ,o• O"ACCD O" oou,,,.CD·· KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAU "tC>

Cl) < .J /' CJ !5'/ ::J ~ 0 0 I T14S fl T 15 S !> ,.. . •·~ d '-'1 ; "• . • 0 [:' I u 12'7 T 15 S ~· T 16 S '' \ . ·"' ' . ~- - ic,,, h ,.,.,. :;t__ .'si' "i\ ·- - ~~

/ o-..,., 1,q::i-.:,' • ',; B!JI.-..;·'•

T 16 S T 17 S

. " i""'c1 ~ . W'if

.< I'--"-.. ~\ " . . " < T 17 S T 17 S \ . ....,. T18 S

GENERAL HIGHWAY MAP LEGEND I " OSAGE COUNTY ~ KANSAS C>l1:D DIO DIOAl,01:D-•• · ...... - ,Yn. OIO ff< lJ. 5. e,t'.l'A.ll'TMICNT OI' ~A.TlON 'A80UU0 S-<.OW T"t"'••••• ••••••••••·- @;L~ ~T)..,.,AT) •--- 4. Shawnee County Mi

LEGEND GE:-!ER.\L HIGHWAY "L\P SH,\WNEE COUNTY ~tO,tJOAL-.. ,o , ..u,.sTu-., .. ,c .... u S-rH,r ...... ~ ~"ov,ro -"- "'"""""T ...... >T O"ACCD o• ,,,..,.,,-,re,...... --- ~.,:.,:u;,::":~., ";~;,-;:• .,,...... ·····-•or- KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATJON •U. O" STO,.C ..O•O- suu ,..,.. .,.,,.,,,, ...., .... ,.., ...... ,_;;;;;;,§.,-,. '"DU> "NO o,o,.,,o,rO,, ...... ••...... ·--- Pl.ANNING ANO DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT U•D 0~ OCSIONAT,rO STSU,. 000 ,,ri.. o,o no"• ,..,,.., w,n< ,..,1..,u,o su,.o,c,r ...... -- .. ,.,.,,t:0 "0UU .. S. o,r,-.,,...... (,.T 0,- ,.,,,_,.s,oo,onTION n:OIE-""I.. ,.,...,.wn Ai;,,..,,.,,n,.,.nOP< ...... 5. Douglas Cotmty

"'~ "'~ JEFFERSON a: ~

'l ,er, Lecompton COUNTY :::1"' Grover ~":.,.,." -a:: ala:: ...,.• ' "' "" ___ __T II _ Tit S T .,,., . I s Tl2S T 12 S I i ! ~ rdf_ - .£ l Q ~Z ,._ Springs\e1•~'1l/2 .. IJH ::, '1 ., • 0 :: ~ "'."... ~ -y1--.-=-1"~'~"~"...j:l,,I~ ul ' .;

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w -; ,, CJ ·, < I ' (/) 0 N

LEGEND \ GENERAL HIGHWAY ~AP .. nvc "°"'° ...... •• ,. ,, ,. • • DOUGLAS COUNTY .. ~-...o.---··············.. ············- ¼ ~•.. 0DllA.-Ult040·· KANSAS . ou-•cu, "'1AO-•·· ,vn,o,t~,..,_.,- \ ,n <>••oco o,o 'l'f'...--0- •· KANSAS OO>ARTM(NT-·- OF '!'RANSPORTATION ,vin.o•--.,o,. IOAOO:O ...... -0 .. . BUREAU OF7RANSPORTATION PUNNING wn. OIO ff°""'" "°"O wtno '"ett.JlrD ,.,,_,..g: ...... --- ...... ,~~ \I. s. ~·•---- Of' ~... TIQN ~ ,._,...,.,. ~TION 'J,.,_,. -..,.o-,.ow TY~ ...... ••••·--- ,,.., "°"I>•• ,oco ..... - ...... ····=-==::i:==::11 ... wu ,..,..... "UI.I. c;:o,o- o, ;CCH 4"0 , ..n..C>

~ " T7S ... "' lJ

T9S T 9 S T 10 S T 10 5

Meriden \ \ u ? - " "' - :. "

LEGEND I GENERAL HIGHWAY MAP otOAO OU«lNUIC,., . nuo, ..,.01GMWAY "0Y 0""°"0 0" 0"A!Hl[O,. ~":"'::::•.. 1<,.,.~"=,:~::: ... ~ ,,.,.,.,,.,._ o" sn:, .. o: ...,.,c,- ShH >«C .. wAV ~VSHM 0.. ~-~ KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION o•A.oco .. ,.o o,.,.,,.,..,. ······--- ShT[ ...... u~u, .. ,C ..WAY .. ·--~211,-,:,, PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT """"u. 0 .. SYQN1[ IOOAO Win< n,o 0~ M$>C><•T£0 svsu .. 0" """~~0 ~OUT~. su.a,uuo • .,,.,.,.,;,...... •······--- l). S. OEPA,.,-,.,;NT OF TRANSPORTATIO,. e•rn"•"ous .-..:>Ae>-c.ow ..,.,.,...... ------~Of:RAL HIGHWAY A0MIN,STRATl0,. ,.,.v1<0 ,oo,.o ~ D,v,oo:o MIGMWAY • ····-·= •nOMWU ...... ruu. CON T"°l. or 4C<;(U ""0 t>H("CkAH(.( ~ ~ 1981 ~A.SYSTEM -~­IIEVISUI roul'T. 111. ,_ Map 7. Anderson County ls ilillJ'

.., .., .., ~ m ~ !? !? I ,.... it"'I"' it:: I FRANKLIN I 0: 0: 0: U00, 31 ... N ·t , i,. ". l• I =1 \,--~ ; ~ 3'1. . I \, • ! ; \"' / ll I I \ IIU A" Gre;elev i "' ' - . ~ Tl T 19 S ... IUC ' s T 20 S .... T20 S l"AI 11U "·" '\~.. ~ i:~!~ fl ,.. >- llH I-z . ::J I -, m 0 . l : l) • ! r V I ,.._, IC M '/ _; ... ,_X] .. ~ 1 T 20 S ." ,. . . " I = ! T20S T 21 S L' ' T 21 S !'°~ It . .;-u ! l~l :• : l-1 . ,, ) I ! J jJ ~, l"AI t I : ' Buch ! '""', ,J --;;r- 't=' \'. City ";;;.- _ .. "

Tl2 S

! J, I I- \ / " T 22 S • i ~J ... ., I \.ii ,(, 11 i 22 S ol I ~ T 23 S T23 S ... •• a' ~ .y~; I I lonv 12 f ,: ... I\ ::2 II, .. ' - I . . I'~~.. J._ ~ R .., .., I.., I.., ,a ;:. COUNTY j<$o e:! ~ 0ov~ 0: 0: 0: 0: a 1,-

GENERAL HIGHWAY MAP LEGEND ANDERSON COUNT' •t!Ulff'TV& IIIOAD ...... ,,,., ... ,.,,,,.,,,.,,.,,.,,,.,,. • • • ■ • • YHUOI-D lt(U,D••••••"'"'••• ..... ,.,.,.,,,,,,,,,_ KANSAS IIUCl'aD '-ND IHl4lld1:i IIO,f,.0 "''"'"""""'''" - JOI\, Ml•ACUI -.t-0,.,,,,,,,,.,,, ...... ,,,,_ A. IIUIWI, 011 ITOMI -- KANSAS O!PA!n";w'T·o; TRANS"'°l'IT Tl ON - IIU.OID 011 OIIIAll'ICl>'•"'"''''""'"'"''- 8URUU 01" 7R,l,NSPOIIITATION l'UNNING IIUiWl,DII -I ,__.,.. IIU.IJall..-tD °""'NCO,.,,,,.,,.,,,.,,,.,,.,,,,,,,_'°"•P.. ,.,_.. "'· I. ci1••11n·M ■.,,. c,, u ..... ~••UTl• IIU.WI, 011 no011 JIOU WITM ,.CIIIIA'- ,.IO_.,y ACl ..l"IITll"TI- ITAal!,IUD eu~AC.I ,, ...... , •• ,.,, ••••••••• - IIT\IMI_U9 _.__ TTNI•••• .. ••• .. • ...... - •Avt:DMIAD ...... , ...... , ... - )IV,OC.D III0_,11,-...... ,_ 'IICIIIW,11,- Wini I'll .. DOftfflOI. Of' - PAS'l'tfll!IJIIV1'HTODID. 11.- ,... ol4GlW -D IHT1--loMC••••••••••• .. •••••••••-=- Linn County

T 20 S

[t :J 0 (f) (f) 2

GDIER,\L HIGHWAY ~[AP LEGEND ltQAOS ,v,10 ll!OAOWAY l'UT\J,tU LINN COUNTY "°"" '"""'"'" OUIO>AO- KANSAS OEPART~·D:tOF'~~ANSPORTATION "'°T OIIACl:O O" 011"1NIIC0··· ...... •. --- aUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING 0 .. AVIII. 0,. STONll ,OOAD- 0"A0t0 ANO 0"-"'""'0 •• ••••• •--- u • OE~.... T .. (NT o~ r ...... SPORH'

81TU .. INOUJ 110A0-\.0W TY"'••• •-- ~A.,,1[0 II0 ... 0 ... •• ••••••••--- O< ~UU. CO .. T"°C 00' FA SYSTO• REVISC'D TO oec. \I. 11"" 1982 ACcu• .... a ,,.TCR<::><""""'·· ·····-=-- 1. Douglas County

'"~ :!!'" JEFFERSON a: ~

...... :-, -> Lecompt:on Grover' 'l'-' T 11 S • ,. JI•, I ~... ~ ;; T IZ S __,, I .uur. ~£_'_,-. \'.)i.'.• 0:: a:µJ'l'SAS • ,.."' ~--~ I" - : • " >- 1-z :J 0 u

T IZ S

T 13 S

w w z 3: <( I (/)

T 13 S ,. P!easantf " T lAS Grovel)..._ ' . >- f- i .,/ z r, 1 )71" r 1277 = ·~ z :J I j Vinland .,. 0 0 ,., ll 71 Jf fl (/) u ' ' - ' z 1375 / I \ 0 " '( -, ! ~ ,.,f, I""": / l< 31! 31 • TUS "':'"':: T 15 S i ~ill ,"\ I ' ·~ '

LEGEND .l GENERAL HIGHWAY MAP ~rnv• -"OAD-- ••..••••.•...... ····-~•••"•• DOUGLAS COUNTY ,.,._,.D J00AD•·· -t ,otto ~ ..o 0111..,,..0 -o .. .. --- KANSAS • "'-""1Co -o,•- \ wl:L 010 flOOtl -- OT O"-"OC!;> O" <>f!Al....0-··· KANSAS DEPARTMENT--- OF TRANS?ORTATION ,,,,n. .... '""""" -o- ,., .... cco•.. 0 0111 ...,cc;, -- •·· BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION___ _ PLANNING •>"n. OJt ffO'JO.AO WTno T,..,...,no ...,_a« -·· u. 5. ~ o, ,.,,.,.,...,.,:.o.noot ,,_, .. ,_,, ___ ...,."···················--- ~ ,_.IOHW•U ~Hl$Tll-"TI0N •!OCO .,..,.,...... ,,.wn ,..,..., ~\IU. C:OH"'°'- 00' . ···=-======>:C:IUC ,...., ,,.n:...;>< ...... IC .. ·-=- ,.. , Map 10. Johnson County

PARK

T 12 S

>- D:'. zI- ::l :::i 'O 0 (j) u (j)

·)-;if-...... =-:';-~~ ,.....,.2 T 13 S 't. ~ !~ ~ {-t' :;~~T13S T 14 S i

-; '"' ..,. '.: wN I Nw ., 0:: c:::

LEGEND GENERAL H!GHW.W ,L\P

..OAO HO(" Qu.,c,.,,u,.,.. •ttov••c·••O ,.,,c.,,,.,c ""'"w•• ~,,.,.., JOHNSON COUNTY u .. , ...... o ... ,o .. o.o ,,.,,.,.,.,,.,0 .,,., .. .,,. .,,c,.w•• •••'"'" C"A0tt0 •"0 o... ,,.,o "0A0 ,,.,,,. ... ,_,.,., nCONOA ..... ,CHWH ,;,sro, --·-·- KANSAS ..0,1.. su .. ••cro """" ""••ttl.. 0" s- -·hAHC ,.,C,.WAT SV$f(M 0" KANS,1.S OE"A.RTMENT OF TRANS?QRn ilON C"•"ttl.. 0" ,STONtt *04D- 3UREAU OF TRANSPORTATION ?t..:.NNING 0"A0H> A .. 0 0•••"(0 S••H ..,u,..ec,.tto .. ,c. .. w•• '"""""''- o• fTo .. , •o•<> ,..., ... (,,o 0' OC:,..UrO HST("(> .. ...~K(O "OUT£ U S OV••• ... NT OT UAN~--OUA"0"

.,..,.,,..,., ''""' ,uc1.. CO,_T...,c 0~ = •CC"(U u,o '"'""C"•"'C( -0- 1982 11. Crawford County 111\P

>- f- I z - z>o~ -- zZ :::J r- ,,::, I l'AS ·7j\" I 0 , 119! ~ wo u "' ,, >U - i ,,,..,-- T 27 S 7 S 11 ... " ,17~"' 50,1 85 T 28 5 9~- Arca~ia' ' - ~t· .< 1

e s 9 S

0::: :::i 0 (j) (j) 2

9 5 OS

30 S

T 3\ 5

LEGEND I GENER,\L HIGHWAY :vUP ROADS "ND ROADWAY F""EATIJRE$ . CRAWFORD COUNTY ""'""""'-·"'" , .. ., .. ., ... T. H,CHWAY sv~, ... ~,.,,.,.Rovto ,.o_.,o "(0£RA!.•"'" ~ .. , .. UY H,GHWAY snT,:,­ CRAOEO u•O ORA,Nll:0 IOOAO "H>(OUL·••O SEC0,.0A"T H,CH"'"' SYH(" KANSAS $0,L SU .... ACtO ROAD• * .,.,.tRSTAl£ ~V"ftt"(0 Ho(,HWAY l _,_,,,, , .ORAVC!. OR no.. , 110•0- ... U ~ ..,U .... [ .. [0 H,{,HWAY .. oT """Oto"" OIOAONtD•· KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION STU[ ,.,CHW•Y SHfE" OR ORAvf:!. 0"

"'GHWAY """"" ,U\.!. co,ni,oc "" = ACCU• A"0 oMT(RC>

JEFFERSON

C01;1NTY ~I; "'•>~ a: a: T ll S 11-t"~" T 12 5

T 12 5 T 12 S

T 13 S TIJ S

>­ w f­ w z z ::i 3:: 0 <( u I ([)

T 13 S T 14 5 >­ zf­ ::i 0u

TUS T 15 S w ('.) <( ([) ! 0 1 FRANKLIN-

LEGEND \ GENERAL HIGHWAY MAP -•0•-.. -- . DOUGLAS COUNTY rTrvl "°AO•· • •····················• .. •••s• •1u, ...... ,o ,,....,..,... ..,. "'°-"" .,. __ --~ •-ICO ,oo.. o.. ····················· ...... ___ "t :>COM•O--· ::!:::~:~ ::c"o:~... :=.,!!~;;: :: ::• KANSAS ..,_.-.a0"0,,1.0-•- t"'""'1JTATII: ,.u.. .corco ..... _,.,. \ v«L o• in-o- "°"'0- ·~ ,,a.,,.,gcoo• -···················- ". ""'""'""'0 ..... - .... ·······~ KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION U4T'C ...... 1UT11'" Oft --- VI[\. 1u.•w: ..., ... ,u.. ;11 M,OHW,U auREAU OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING , .. ocoO• .... -- o " .....""'"°'" ..a, •. ················-!--- .-.. o o• OC_N,Ut"O _.,.,._ 0t0 vn.o•STooo•-• ...... 0...,.,...... €~ u. '- ~.. 0, ~ATION "•"•llC'DSU,...~-- ---,oGHWAY ~ ~-TlQM , ,,_,.,. ~ .... "' ... ········ .. ······---- "''.. "'3,.o .. • ••••• =-====-=:II ~wu ..,,..,. •uu. co,,,-r-. o, ,c:n.a..,... '"'"'"""'- ·-=- ,,., •>..~lt~TOIMC.1.1- ; I L. 13. Osage County 0u -~ 1-Ut I~, J a tu, ~~ ,., '--, I 1--""'- CA' k'g\:) ALE". ~ "" L " . I ~ ~ .; ' ' I TIS 5 T 16 S

I - " ' II ~ C, "'' -if \~ " I 'Y::: ~ ~yndo'n / "°· " !l.R. = '" - \~ ,,.,. / ' ~

T 16 S I I l~ :".,;, I~ l~ S4I.I T 17 S '1'---... h I 1-.tNDON

I , ! !

T18 S

GENERAL HIGHWAY MAP LEGEND OSAGE COUNTY ,,.,.. -.0••··········· ···••· .... ------~o INTOIIIT""--,:,-- "'°-AY SYfl'DO-•··•~ '""VC11"°""'····· ············- KANSAS " ....oOIVJMa>...... 0•• • ···- ==-...::::::~ ::;:::.. ;."':::!.~~·::::~ .._,_.-.::u,_...... ······- ·······~ U • ...,... .,...,0 ,.04.. .,..,.,,.. ICANSAS DEPAATMENT-~- Of TRANSPORTATION "-"AQCOOfl ~--·· ------IIIT ..n: .. > ...... wu .. :·.::·.::·.~ O0C:o• D

.,,.., .,,.,... ,...... <;OMTl'IOI. or 1979 ,,... AMO ...,....._..-··•••••··· ·····••••••-=- ,4. Montgomery County NEOSHO WILSON COUNTY .. .. ir,u:JnI ... ,.:,.. I -v c,...;. " I~ //315 - ' ' • ~ 111 " '!HC: (37)f M ~ ,~-· . I/ / .., ~ - l'\ I .< i I rTT, Syca :ciore ,,.... 11 , • c~ = ~ . ! I ..,.!_SO ~ i l/f1s 7 V ~ i!, _j Vi 'Jg . : ~ ""' rn w .< 31:1(96 .. T 31 5 ~~l';;l.. ,.~. ''( ,,I.I. J/ .. T 31 5 . ~ i • . " I: ~ '" T 32 S , e '- l - , • , ' ,_ ~ c~, .. "'

,c-- • -~· 1 : ~ • ! I j .< -,., I! B =· fl ~ iberty ] u-n 0 • iB 'I ~ m !> ' " T 33 S 2 i " I I Z 1 ' ,,l • ,,. ~ ' T 34 S T34 S ~1 ' ' -~ 11 ' '-' I . ,;;t , Hav·ana » I v

'-_"\'il Homn• ~ ·~, \IS,- 75 ;• I V 1 . ;:?, ! ,.;;"::C'f~ ... 9""'~~1SSSSk5-!-'""--s -.J-1/·''r14--~-~- .< ~ : (!m ! ,..,...,, lJ •' , yro i: '• t~~::i J1 I I ?I

GENER,\L HIGHWW '.!AP LEGEND I

OU!CNUIOH MONTGOMERY COUNTY ROAOS ANO R0.0.0W"Y FCATVIIIIES "0'-01 SnH .. ~(tl(,.AL-AlO , ...... ~ToT,C ><•C"WAY SYSTE'" t . HOUtAL-AOO ""'"""' ><>C«Wu SYST,CM ::~ KANSAS •NO 0"-'UHl[t) "OAO ~U>f'.,.A'-,AOO S"<"••·- .... ,~, H<( "OAO w,T,. MAR~£0 "0!JT~ 1~ .:0 l'l:OE;IIA~ .. ,GlN>"1'11H,ON ,_,tu> SU"HC( 1... - -1..0W TY ..t •o•o .. '. .V WIT .. 'UL'- CONT"'OL o, 1981 H ""0 "

November 1, 1993

Steven W. Lingafelter Snow Entomological Museum University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045

and

William H. Busby Kansas Biological Survey 2041 Constant Avenue Lawrence KS 66047

Kansas Biological Survey Report No. 55 ABSTRACT

Continuing surveys for the American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Olivier), were undertaken in summer of 1993 at six sites in eastern and southcentral Kansas. Pitfall traps baited with chicken were used to attract the carrion beetles. Carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) that were attracted to the traps were collected and identified. Trapline localities included: Kansas Army Ammunition Plant, Labette County (130 trapnights); McConnell Air Force Base, Sedgwick County (88 trapnights); Kingman State Lake, Kingman County (60 trapnights); Sand Hill State Park, Reno County (48 trapnights); Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant, Johnson County (200 trapnights); and Chase State Lake, Chase County (17 trapnights). The total pitfall trapnights for this study was 543. In addition, blacklighting was employed at three sites: south of the Kansas Army Ammunition Plant, Kingman State Lake, and Sand Hills State Park. Results of this study did not reveal any specimens of Nicrophorus americanus. However, nine other Silphidae species were encountered: Necrodes surinamensis, Nicrophorus tomentosus, Nicrophorus orbicollis, Nicrophorus carolinus, Nicrophorus pustulatus, Nicrophorus marginatus, Necrophila americana, Thanatophilus truncatus, and Oiceoptoma inaequale.

INTRODUCTION

The American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus (Olivier), is the largest species in the carrion beetle family Silphidae (adults usually exceed 4 cm' in length). This species has experienced a mysterious decline over most of its historical range and is a federally endangered species. Rec·ently, much attention has been directed to studying relictual populations to try to determine the reasons for its decline and parameters regulating the present populations (Raithel, 1991 ). A brief review of its biology (paraphrased from Kozel, et. al, 1988) follows. This species, like most of its congeners and other species in the family, is active from spring through early fall. Like other Silphidae, the American Burying Beetle is attracted to recently dead carrion by the odors of decomposition. After flying to the carrion, individuals, often working in male/female pairs, will transport the carcass (often a small mammal or bird) to an area of soft soil for burial. Once buried, a chamber is also built adjacent to the carcass and mating and oviposition occur inside. Often, the female will stay with the larvae as they feed on the carrion and develop (a rare example of parental care among beetles). Although the American Burying Beetle had an historical distribution covering much of the central and eastern United States (Peck and Kaulbars, 19871, current populations are only known from Oklahoma (Creighton, et al., 1991 ), Nebraska (Ratcliffe and Jameson, 1993), and Rhode Island (Block Island). Historical records in Kansas are known for Doniphan, Douglas, Montgomery, Osage, Pottawatomie, Riley, Saline, and Shawnee counties.

1 METHODS

Pitfall trapping methodology utilized in this studyis identical to that described in Lingafelter and Busby (1992). Blacklighting was also utilized this year due to the recent collection of Nicrophorus americanus at lights in Nebraska (Ratcliffe and Jameson, pers. comm.). Blacklighting was conducted from ca. 9:30 pm to 12:00 am. The blacklight was suspended over a vertical white sheet mounted to a frame which was secured to the ground. The blacklight was powered by a generator placed approximately 50 feet from the light source. . As in our 1992 Kansas surveys, collection and identification was limited to members of the family Silphidae. Since quantities this year were much lower than in 1992 (Lingafelter and Busby, 1992), all specimens were counted and retained with the exception of the Johnson and Chase county surveys for which only representative voucher specimens were examined.

STUDY SITES

Pitfall transects were placed at six sites in eastern and southcentral Kansas (Figure 1 ). Descriptions and trapping data for each transect are as follows:

I. Periphery of Kansas Army Ammunition Plant (Labette County) Period of trapping: July 28-31, 1993 Total number of traps: 36 Total number of nights: 4 Trapnights: 144 Weather conditions: Hot and dry most days (95-100F/75F). Thunderstorms on July 29, 5-6:00 am. Windy (15-20 mph) days, calm nights.

al Road margin north of ammunition plant adjacent to cropland and narrow area of riparian woodlands. [Sec. 25 R20E T31 S; 8 traps set]

b) Road margin east of ammunition plant margined with dense, mesic woods, near Neosho River. [Sec. 34 R21 E T31 S; 9 traps set]

cl Near Labette City, south of ammunition plant. Trapline bordering cemetery and cropland with small areas of prairie and woodlands. [Sec. 19 R21 E T32S; 10 traps set]

d) West of ammunition plant. Transect paralleling cropland and dense woodland. (Sec. 9 R20E T32S; 9 traps set]

II. McConnell Air Force Base, Wichita (Sedgwick County) Period of trapping: July 16-19, 1993 Total number of traps: 22 Total number of nights: 4 Trapnights: 88 Weather conditions: Cloudy and humid early, becoming sunny and

2 warmer towards last trapping days (90-95F/75F). Wind gradually increasing from 5 mph to 20 mph on July 19.

a) Trapline in clay soil on disturbed prairie next to pasture [Sec. 18 RO 1 E T27S; 5 traps set)

b) Trapline in lighter clay soil with areas of sandy soil in disturbed prairie. [Sec. 18 R01 E T27S; 7 traps set)

c) Trapline in soil containing mixture of clay and sand along road south of main runway. [Sec. 24 R1 E T28S; 1 O traps set)

Ill. Kingman State Lake (Kingman County) Period of trapping: July 1 7-19, 19 9 3 Total number of traps: 20 Total number of nights: 3 Trapnights: 60 Weather conditions: Rain on July 18, otherwise sunny and humid (95F/75F). Wind 10-15 mph.

a) Transect across native prairie. [Sec. 36 R09W T27S; 12 traps set]

b) Transect along road/woodland edge. [Sec. 36 R09W T27S; 8 traps set]

IV. Sandhills State Park (Reno County) Period of trapping: July 21-23, 1993 Total number of traps: 16 Total number of nights: 3 Trapnights: 48 Weather conditions: ·Thunderstorms early in morning of July 21, otherwise very humid and moderately windy. (90-95F/70-75F)

a) Eastern margin of park, transect across dunes. [Sec. 22 R05W T22S; 8 traps set]

b) Western margin of park, transect along road. [Sec. 23 R05W T22S; 8 traps set)

V. Chase County State Lake (Chase County) Period of trapping: July 28-29, 1993 Total number of traps: 17 Total number of nights: 1 Trapnights: 17 Weather conditions: Cloudy with a period of heavy rain (90F/67F)

a) Transect along east boundary of state property. Flint Hills tallgrass prairie. [Sec. 30 ROSE T19S; 7 traps set)

3 b) Transect along west side of property. Flint Hills tallgrass prairie. [Sec. 30 RSE T19S; 10 traps set)

VI. Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant (Johnson County) Period of trapping: June 9-14, 1993 Total number of traps: 40 Total number of nights: 5 Trapnights: 200 Weather conditions: Mostly sunny, humid with wet conditions and some rain. (83-87Fl64-70F)

a) Northwest part of facility, fescue pasture, clay soils. [NW114 Sec. 12 R21ET13S; 10 traps set)

b) Southwest part of facility, fescue pasture, clay soils. [NE 114 Sec. 36 R21ET13S; 1 O traps set)

c) Southeast part of facility, fescue pasture, clay soils. [N 112 Sec. 32 R22E T13S; 1 O traps set)

d) Northeast part of facility, fescue pasture at woodland edge, clay soils. [SE114 Sec. 8 R22E Tl 3S; 1 O traps set)

RESULTS

A total of nine species of Silphidae were collected in this survey. No specimens of Nicrophorus americanus were encountered. In total, 173 specimens of Silphidae were collected, 124 of these in pitfall traps and 49 were attracted to the blacklight. Table 1 shows the Silphidae species representation for each pitfall transect of this study. Table 2 shows the species attracted to the blacklight at the three sites.

4 Figure 1. Locations of sites surveyed for th·e American burying beetle in 1993.

; _____ T _____ T _____ T _____ T _____ T _____ T-----,-----,-----T-----, - - ! - - ;,,,___ - I I I I I I ' I ' I I I I I .,, l. ! I I I I I I !RErUBIIC ! I I ' BROWM ~o~•••~:'.> . . , ,. . , , -1 j--T- J ~~!YEHN! __ .J;'_Wlll-1 N 7 4 ' ' I ' I ' I I I I 1--'~---l I ., I ' ! I I I i I I I I i i i ! ! I '-"~~JOH __ ls11v~ __ J.gw!R~ J__M(APf__ __ _l__C(A!K___ lc2M_ANCH~ _ _DARB!R_. __ ~H}RPI!_ __ ~su_M~f'!__ __ _;__cgwJE_!_ __ _;__ c_u~umq_u~ ~Ol!)GQM~•!!l!I ___J__.i;H~O~U state base map: Kansas Geologlcal Survey, 1988

Scale 1:3,000, 000 0 50 I 00 mites

0 50 100 kilometers

5 Table 1. Silphidae encountered in pitfall transects at sites in eastern and southcentral Kansas in 1993. Roman numeral and letter codes refer to those used in Survey Site descriptions in the text.

SITE la lb le Id Ila lib lie Illa lllb IVa/b V VI Totals Necrodes surlnamensis 0 0 3 18 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 29 Nicrophorus tomentosus 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 7 Nicrophorus orbicollis 0 1 4 5 0 0 0 0 12 6 2 1 31 Nicrophorus carolinus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 12 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Nicrophorus marginatus 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Necrophila americana 1 7 7 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 27 Thanatophilus truncatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 Oiceoptoma inaequale 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 9 10 Totals 1 8 17 25 1 3 0 2 14 27 2 24 124

Table 2. Silphidae attracted to blacklight at three sites in southern Kansas in 1993. Roman numeral and letter codes refer to those used in Survey Site descriptions in the text.

SITE le Illa !Vb Necrodes surinamensis 1 42 3 Nicrophorus pustulatus 0 3 0

6 DISCUSSION

The quantity of specimens of Silphidae encountered relative to the number of trapnights was substantially lower than that of last year's study (Lingafelter and Busby, 1992). We attribute this, at least in part, to poor trapping conditions this year. Kansas received record rainfall this past spring and summer. July was particularly wet with over 20 inches of rain received in portions of the state. Wet conditions may have led directly or indirectly led to reduced population sizes for many species of Silphidae, and also created poor trapping conditions at some sites. In addition, high ambient temperatures during surveys at sites I-IV made for suboptimal sampling conditions. Although fewer sites were sampled this year, the diversity of habitats between sites was high. Probably because of this, the diversity of silphids was similar to (and actually exceeded) last year's study. Some comments on the taxa encountered follow. Several sites farther west were sampled in this study and produced two species not encountered in 1992: Nicrophorus carolinus and Thanatophilus truncatus. These species undoubtedly prefer the sandier soil occurring at these sites, and their ranges may be limited by this factor. All other species collected were also encountered last year and these taxa seem to prefer the ecological conditions in eastern Kansas. Only one specimen of the apparently spring-active Oiceoptoma was encountered this year. These were not collected after mid-July in last year's study. Necrophi/a americana abundance was also much reduced from last year. This species, like Oiceoptoma spp. seems to decrease in abundance as the weather becomes hotter and drier. This year's mid-summer sampling plus an apparent preference by Ner;:rophi1a americana for riparian habitats with less sandy soils may explain the paucity of specimens collected. After two years of surveys, it seems likely that there are no large populations of Nicrophorus americanus in eastern or southcentral Kansas. However, much of Kansas remains to be explored and it is hoped that in the future, some relictual populations will be encountered, perhaps in northcentral or western Kansas. Efforts in the future should concentrate on these regions. The fact that recent surveys have turned up new populations of Nicrophorus americanus in the adjacent states of Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Arkansas should inspire further investigations in Kansas.

7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are very appreciative of the efforts of Jerry Horak, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, and Scott Stanley who performed the surveys in Chase and Johnson counties, respectively. This project was funded by the Kansas Biological Survey, Hercules Aerospace Co. (PO no. SUN 8464), and McConnell Air Force Base (Contr. no. M6700471 D0010).

LITERATURE CITED

Creighton, J. C., C. C. Vaughn, R. Rudman, and B. R. Chapman. 1991. Habitat use and genetic characterization and variability in the American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus, in Oklahoma. Unpublished report prepared for Oklahoma Dept. of Wildlife Conservation. Oklahoma City, OK. 7pp.

Kozol, A. J., M. P. Scott, and J. F. A. Traniello. 1988. The American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus: Studies on the natural history of a declining species. Psyche 95:167-176.

Lingafelter, S. W. and W. H. Busby. 1992. Survey for the American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) in eastern Kansas. Rept. No. 53, Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence, KS. 14pp. + maps.

Peck, S. B. and M. M. Kaulbars. 1987. A synopsis of the distribution ar.1d bionomics of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of the conterminous United States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 118:4 7-81.

Raithel, C. 1991. American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Concord, New Hampshire. 61 pp.

Ratcliffe, B. C. and M. L. Jameson. 1993. New Nebraska occurrences of the endangered American Burying Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Coleopterists Bulletin 46(4):421- 425.

8 Appendix E. Managed area basic record and element occurrence records for the Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. Managed Area Basic Record SUNFLOWER AREA

Identifiers: ID: COUNTER: MACODE: M.USKSHP * 4 MANAME: SUNFLOWER AREA MAALIAS: MAJORMA: M.USKSHP*4 MAJORMANAME: SUNFLOWER AREA OWNERCODE: FDA · MATYPE: FDANA . OLDMACODE: FDANASUNFlKSUS

SITECODE: SITENAME:

MA.EQUI.SITECODE: MA.EQUI.SITENAME: Locators: NATION: US STATE: KS COUNTYCODE: COUNTYNAME LOCALJURIS: KSJOHN Johnson LEXINGTON

QUADNAME: QUADCODE: MARGNUM: DOTNUM: TENTEN: EDGERTON 3809571 10 08,01 LAT: 385218N S: 385214N LONG: 0950203W N: 385223N E: 0950157W W: 0950210W

TOWNRANGE: SECTION: MERIDIAN: TRSNOTE: 013S021E 36 6P SW4SW4

Descriptors: DESCRIPTION: Occupies floodplain and first terrace on E side of Captain Creek; mixed hardwood, primarily oak-hickory.

TOTACRES: 18.00 STACRES: 18.00 MULTISTATE: N BOUNDARIES: Y CONTIG: Y

COMMENTS: Legal Protection Status: PROTSTAT: 2 LEGALDATE: LEGALACT:

LEGALPROTCOM:

IUCN.CAT: LANDTENURE: Stewardship: MANAGER: MGRINST: Hercules Aerospace Co./Sunflower Army Am MGRADDRl: PO Box 549 MGRADDR2: 35425 w 103 st. MGRCITY: DESOTO MGRSTATE: KS MGRZIP: 66018 PHONE: 913 749-6700 rPLAN: y rPLANCOM: Developed with cooperation of State and Extension Forestry, KSU. YEAR: BUDGET: STAFF:

1\CCESS: 0 l'INSTS: owned by Dept. of the Army, operated by Hercules Aerospace c ?INSTS.COM: RASTRUCTURE: rcoM: Under management guidance of State and Extension Forestry since mid-1960s. nents: JOE: SNAME: STATUS: ELEMENT.REF: 1\AFAAKS EASTERN FLOODPLAIN FOREST itional Topics: rL.TOPICS: IC.KEYWORDS:

2rences: R.CECODE: CITATION: r'REOlKSUS Freeman, Craig c. Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory, Kansas Biolo BUSOlKSUS Busby, William (Bill) Huntoon. Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory, BROOlKSUS Brooks, R.E. 1985. Vegetation summary for Sunflower area, Johnson ord Maintenance: DRESP: USKSHP TION: 93-10-29 EDAUTHOR: Craig C. Freeman ntenance History: OFFICE: INITIALS: CHANGE.DATE: CHANGE.FIELDS: USKSHP BEH 93-10-29 31/32/33/34/36/39/40/44/54 USKSHP BEH 93-10-29 42 USKSHP CCF 93-10-29 20/56/60/61/73 USKSHP CMP 92-11-18 9/10/ll/12/13/14/20/21/22 USKSHP @@@ 89-06-15 ALL UAL.FILE.NOTE: ional Fields: R.OPTl: R.OPT2: R. OPT3: ,R. OPT4:

IR. OPTS: Element Occurence Record EASTERN FLOODPLAIN FOREST

Identifiers: Elcode EO# State: EOCODE: CPAAAFAAKS*009*KS FONUM: IDENT: Y SNAME: EASTERN FLOODPLAIN FOREST SCOMNAME: ELEMENT RANKS: GRANK: G3? NRANK: SRANK: S1S2

Locators:· NATION: US SITECODE: SITENAME: SURVEYSITE: SUNFLOWER ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT

PRECISION: s

COUNTYCODE: COUNTYNAME LOCALJURIS: KSJOHN Johnson LEXINGTON

QUADNAME: QUADCODE: MARGNUM: DOTNUM: TENTEN: EDGERTON 3809571 10 08,01

LAT: 385218N S: 385214N LONG: 0950203W N: 385223N E: 0950157W W: 0950210W

TOWNRANGE: SECTION: MERIDIAN: TRSNOTE: 013S021E 36 6P SW4 DIRECTIONS: Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. Extreme SW corner of plant, between perimeter road and installation boundary on E side of Captain Creek.

PHYSPROV: WATERSHED: GR 10270104 status: SURVEYDATE: 1993-09-01 LASTOBS: 1993-09-01 FIRSTOBS: 1965 EORANK: B EORANKDATE: 1993-10-29 EORANKCOM: Small tract of high quality forest.

EODATA: U85BR001KSUS: provided brief description of site with list of dominant species; several associations probably represented at site. PNDFREOlKSUS: site in good to very good condition and much as described earlier by Brooks and Strickler.

CONTACTID: C.USKSHP*283 CONTACT.NAME: JIM FREEMAN CONTACT.NOTE:

Description: EOTYPE: GENDESC: Level to undulating floodplain forest and low terrace along E side of floodplain of Captain Creek. Floodplain dominated by hackberry, box elder, black walnut, ash, Kentucky coffee tree, basswood, red elm, sycamore, and bur oak. Understory diversity low, but typical of floodplain communities. Higher drier areas dominated by a variety of oaks and hickories and with greater diversity in understory.

~LEV: 890 MAXELEV: 920 SIZE: 18

:ection: )OE: MANAME: MATYPE: CONTAINED: 3KSHP*4 SUNFLOWER AREA FDANA Y MOREPROT: N MOREMGMT: N TNCINVOLVE: Y rcoM: Site has been managed with assistance of State and Extension Forestry, Kansas state University, since mid-1960s. rCOM: site nominated for registry as a natural area through the Kansas Natural & Scientific Areas program of KBS on 28 August 1985.

~rship: ~R: DEPARTMENT OF THE AR OWNERINFO: Y ~RCOM: Site managed by Hercules Aerospace Co., the site contractor.

~ral Comments: '1ENTS: Occurrence information provided to Hercules Aerospace Co.

Ltional Topics: rL.TOPICS: [C.KEYWOROS:

1mentation: \SENS: N BOUNDARIES: Y PHOTOS: N rsoURCE: Freeman, Craig c.

~CECODE: CITATION: PREOlKSUS Freeman, Craig C. Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory, Kansas Biolo 3US01KSUS Busby, William (Bill} Huntoon. Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory, 3R001KSUS Brooks, Ralph E. Black & Veatch, 8400 Ward Parkway, Kansas City, 3R001KSUS Brooks, R.E. 1985. Vegetation summary for Sunflower area, Johnson

2IMENS: ~SCRIBR: 93-10-29 CCF CDREV: Y ~ER: 93-10-29 CCF QC: Y

:Jrd Maintenance: clRESP: USKSHP rroN: 93-10-29 EDAUTHOR: Craig C. Freeman Maintehance History: OFFICE: INITIALS: CHANGE.DATE: CHANGE.FIELDS: USKSHP BEH 93-10-29 8/49/74/90/91 USKSHP BEH 93-,10-29 47 USKSHP BEH 93-10-29 2/4/6/8/9/12/13/14/15/16/1

MANUAL.FILE.NOTE: optional Fields: EOR.OPT5.0LD: EOR.OPT2: EOR.OPT3: EOR.OPT4: EOR.OPT5: EOR.OPT6: EOR.OPT7: EOR.OPT8: EOR.OPT9: EOR.OPTlO:

EOR.OPTll: EOR.OPT12: EOR.OPT13: EOR.OPT14: EOR.OPT15: EOR.OPT16: EOR.OPT17: EOR.OPT18: EOR.OPT19: EOR.OPT20: EDGERTON QUADRANGLE ,, ~o,o' KANSAS "' ' s 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) '"'• 95 °00·· '24 R, 21 E. R 22 E. 2 850 000 FEET 38 ° 52'30"

_ WORKS

! I

~o _'.'\ ... 0. "-~"'\ .· 1 \ ,/.,o 945 ·. },_ l7/ _.,;;,_·--,__. \ ( -- 7 9 l I. "'"':::; \\ Q

973

~:u-·- -· !i r . i - 194/ ' , • 35/ • '----~,-,;::::__ 9')~-

') _)

j 0 0 j?

~ ' ~ -,_ ., 18 ( .c x954 963 : 985 ·976 ! ' h \ 1000\ I .r - ~ I ,~ _:ooo~ 'I \1 --~. c - ii - . -- t) . I \ \ ·I 97 0 998 \ r O• "11'028 \ ' ,noO Element occurence Record HYDROPHYLLUM APPENDICULATUM ntifiers: Elcode EO# state: JOE: PDHYD08010*007*KS FONUM: IDENT: Y ~E: HYDROPHYLLUM APPENDICULATUM ~AME: APPENDAGE WATERLEAF ~ENT RANKS: GRANK: GS NRANK: SRANK: S2

3.tors: ION: US SITECODE: E:NAME: vEYSITE: SUNFLOWER ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT

:::ISION: s COUNTYCODE: COUNTYNAME LOCALJURIS: KSJOHN Johnson LEXINGTON

JNAME: QUADCODE: MARGNUM: DOTNUM: TENTEN: JTO 3809488 9 02, 06 LAT: 385550N S: LONG: 0945904W N: E: W: iRANGE: SECTION: MERIDIAN: TRSNOTE: 3022E 8 6P NE4SE4SE4 E:CTIONS: sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. Perimeter road along E edge of installation. Floodplain area W of rd where rd crosses Kill Creek, and SE of NE-trending ridge.

PHYSPROV: WATERSHED: GR 10270104 tus: ilEYDATE: 1993-05-13 LASTOBS: 1993-05-21 FIRSTOBS: 1993-05-13 ANK: C EORANKDATE: 1993-10-29 1\.NKCOM: Small population in restricted area. A.TA: PNDFREOlKSUS: estimated several thousand plants in <3 acres of floodplain habitat along Kill Creek. rACTID: C.USKSHP*283 CONTACT.NAME: JIM FREEMAN rACT.NOTE: cription: YPE: DESC: Mesic to wet-mesic floodplain forest along the W side of Kill Creek. Level to undulating floodplain and lower portion of gentle E-facing slope. Old gravel pit at sedge of upland area NW of site.

ELEV: 800 MAXELEV: 820 SIZE: 3 tection: JOE: MANAME: MATYPE: CONTAINED:

ELAND: MOREPROT: MOREMGMT: TNCINVOLVE: rcoM: rcoM: site should be avoided if construction occurs in the area. ~rship: ER: DEPARTMENT OF THE AR OWNERINFO: Y ERCOM: Site managed by Hercules Aerospace co., the site contractor. 3ral Comments: ~ENTS: occurrence information provided to Hercules Aerospace Co.

itional Topics: TL.TOPICS: IC.KEYWORDS:

umentation: ASENS: N BOUNDARIES: Y PHOTOS: N TSOURCE: Freeman, Craig C.

RCECODE: CITATION: FREOlKSUS Freeman, Craig c. Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory, Kansas Biolo

C:IMENS: C.C. Freeman 4846 (KANU)

NSCRIBR: 93-10-29 CCF CDREV: Y PER: 93-10-29 CCF QC: Y

ord Maintenance: DRESP: USKSHP TION: 93-10-29 EDAUTHOR: Craig C. Freeman

ntenance History: OFFICE: INITIALS: CHANGE.DATE: CHANGE.FIELDS: USKSHP BEH ·93-10-29 44/46/52/54/74/90/91/98 USKSHP BEH 93-10-29 47 USKSHP BEH 93-10-29 2/4/6/9/12/13/14/15/16/17/

UAL.FILE.NOTE: ional Fields: .OPTS.OLD:

.OPT2:

.. OPT3:

'.. OPT4: ,. OPTS:

(.OPT6:

Element Occurence Record WOLFFIA BRASILIENSIS

Identifiers: Elcode EO# State: EOCODE: PMLEM03020*001*KS FONUM: IDENT: Y SNAME: WOLFFIA BRASILIENSIS SCOMNAME: WATERMEAL ELEMENT RANKS: GRANK: G5 NRANK: SRANK: Sl

Locators: NATION: US SITECODE: SITENAME: SURVEYSITE: SUNFLOWER ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT

PRECISION: s COUNTYCODE: COUNTYNAME LOCALJURIS: KSJOHN Johnson LEXINGTON

QUADNAME: QUADCODE: MARGNUM: DOTNUM: TENTEN: DESOTO 3809488 10 01, 08

LAT: 385425N S: LONG: 0945945W N: E: W:

TOWNRANGE: SECTION: MERIDIAN: TRSNOTE: 013S022E 20 6P SW4SE4NW4

DIRECTIONS: sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. E-central part of installation, ca 0.2 mi N of Mechanized Roll Area and S of large lagoons that are due E of the south Acid Area. Large metal tanks with flow-through water along small unnamed tributary to Spoon Creek, N of road.

PHYSPROV: WATERSHED: GR 1020104 status: SURVEYDATE: 1993-09-22 LASTOBS: 1993-09-22 FIRSTOBS: 1993-09-22 EORANK: D EORANKDATE: 1993-10-29 EORANKCOM: Small population.

EODATA: PNDFREOlKSUS: abundant plants floating in water that was flowing through two large metal tanks; no plants seen in water along creek.

CONTACTID: C.USKSHP*283 CONTACT.NAME: JIM FREEMAN CONTACT.NOTE:

Description: EOTYPE: GENDESC: Shallow, flowing water passing through two large metal tanks apparently used by cattle for drinking. Tanks along a small, unnamed tributary to Spoon Creek.

MINELEV: 910 MAXELEV: SIZE: 1 tection: }DE: MANAME: MATYPE: CONTAINED:

ELAND: N MOREPROT: MOREMGMT: TNCINVOLVE: rcoM: rCOM: cership: ER: DEPARTMENT OF THE AR OWNERINFO: Y ERCOM: site managed by Hercules Aerospace co., the site contractor. ceral Comments: ~ENTS: Occurrence information provided to Hercules Aerospace Co. itional Topics: rL.TOPICS: IC.KEYWORDS: .:imentation: ~SENS: N BOUNDARIES: Y PHOTOS: N rsoURCE: Freeman, Craig c. RCECODE: CITATION: PREOlKSUS Freeman, Craig c. Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory, Kansas Biolo :IMENS: C.C. Freeman 5685 (KANU)

~SCRIBR: 93-10-29 CCF CDREV: Y PER: 93-10-29 CCF QC: Y :,rd Maintenance: DRESP: USKSHP TION: 93-10-29 EDAUTHOR: Craig C. Freeman ntenance History: OFFICE: INITIALS: CHANGE.DATE: CHANGE.FIELDS: USKSHP BEH 93-10-29 90/91/98 USKSHP BEH 93-10-29 47 USKSHP BEH 93-10-29 2/4/6/9/12/13/14/15/16/17/

UAL.FILE.NOTE: ional Fields: .OPTS.OLD: .OPT2: .OPT3: .OPT4: .. OPTS: :. OPT6: