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An Analysis of Word Formation Encountered in Medical Terms in the Jakarta Post’S Articles

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An Analysis of Word Formation Encountered in Medical Terms in the Jakarta Post’S Articles Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.2.2018 93 AN ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION ENCOUNTERED IN MEDICAL TERMS IN THE JAKARTA POST’S ARTICLES Nurlin Triwahyuni University of Bengkulu [email protected] Imranuddin University of Bengkulu [email protected] Zahrida University of Bengkulu [email protected] ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to find out the types of word formation in medical terms in The Jakarta Post’s health articles. This research was designed as a descriptive qualitative research. The population of this research was all medical terms in The Jakarta Post newspaper. The sample of this research was medical terms found in seven health articles in The Jakarta Post newspaper which published from June until December 2016. Documentation was used as main instrument in this research. There were 10 types of word formation by Yule (2010). The result of this study showed, there are 55 data of derivation, 20 data of compounding, 16 data of borrowing, 11 data of acronym, 2 data of clipping, and one data of backformation. It can be concluded, there are six types of word formation were found in seven health articles. Further, there is no coinage, blending, conversion, and multiple processes were found in medical terms in seven health articles in The Jakarta Post’s newspapers. sKeywords: Word Formation, Medical Terms INTRODUCTION People and communication are two words means of communicating by group of that cannot be separated. As long as human being to give birth to feeling and human live, they need to communicate to thoughts. In short, language is a tool to each others. They communicate for interact with other people to convey or different purpose. It can be said, people express their needs, feelings, and communicate each other to fulfill their thoughts. needs. To communicate, human beings Language cannot be separated with need “a tool” to deliver their ideas, it is the term of linguistics. Lyons (1968) known as language. According to Wibowo defines linguistics as the scientific study of (2001), language is a system of symbols language by means of controlled and that are meaningful and articulate sound empirically verifiable observations with (generated by said tool) which arbitrary reference to some general theory of and conventional, which is used as a language structure. In other words, 93 Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.2.2018 94 linguistics is a scientific study of language materials, such as pen, paper, and and its structure, its meaning, and its computer. Written language can be found context. Linguistics are divided into some in many kinds of mass media, for example, subfield, they are phonology which studies magazines, and newspapers. of speech sounds, syntax which studies of In Indonesia, newspaper is kind of sentences, semantics which studies of mass media which is popular for common meaning, pragmatics which studies of people. According to Merriam-Webster language use, and morphology which Online Dictionary, newspaper is a paper studies of internal structures of words. that is printed and distributed usually daily Morphology is a branch of linguistics. or weekly that contains news, articles of Morphology refers to the study that deals opinions, features, and advertising. Almost with internal structure of the words in a everyone reads newspaper to get language. According to Gleason (1970), information. Newspaper has many morphology is the description of the more functions for human beings. It can give a intimate combination of morpheme, lot of information of current issues around roughly what are familiarly called “words”. the world, such as in the field of politics, A morpheme means the smallest economic, education, sports, grammatical unit that cannot be separated entertainment, technology and also health into smaller meaningful parts. Morphemes In Indonesia, many newspapers have been can be divided into two; they are free publishing, both national and region. One morpheme and bound morpheme. Free of popular newspapers in Indonesia is The morphemes are independent words, Jakarta Post. whereas bound morphemes are The Jakarta Post is the daily dependant words that need other newspaper that uses English as language morphemes to create meaningful words. to communicate to the reader. This Some of the morphemes combine with newspaper is owned by PT. Media other morphemes to form new words in a Tenggara (Wikipedia). The Jakarta Post language. This process is called word has won several awards and been formation. described as being “Indonesia leading Word formation is one of the concerns English language daily”, because This in morphology field, which discusses newspaper the only one that use full about the ways new words are created in English which publish every day. The the language. It means most of the award proves that The Jakarta Post is a languages have the ways or the processes good authentic material for doing analysis in create words, including English. In study, because the articles have accurate English, there are some theories about information. Beside of that, the targets of types of word formation process by the the readers are well-educated people linguists. from middle until advanced level who As the impact of globalization era in all understands English. over the world, most of the countries use The newspaper contains a lot of useful English, including Indonesia. English as a information for the readers, both current language is not only used as speaking events in Indonesia and also around the language, but also in written. Written world. It is written in the form of articles, language is representation of spoken and every article has different topics to language by using instruments and discuss. One of the topics is about health 94 Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.2.2018 95 that related to medical field. Those articles Toward this phenomenon, Yule (2010) usually contain many special terms, known has proposed ten types of word as medical terms. According to Wikipedia formation. Those are coinage, borrowing, (2010), medical terminology is compounding, blending, clipping, language used to precisely describe backformation, conversion, acronym, the human body including its components, derivation and multiple processes. Those processes, conditions affecting it, and types of word formation would lead the procedures performed upon in the field researcher to know the types of word of medicine. From the definition, medical formation that is used in medical terms, terms are the words or terms which make particularly in the health articles. These up the field of medicine. ten types of word formation have their In reading the articles, the researcher definitions which different one and other. found that health articles have own Coinage is a process of creating new term language that differ from language that from trades names or commercial product common people use in ordinary life. Most that become general terms, for example of medical terms come from Greek and Kleenex and aspirin. Borrowing is the Latin language, and some of them use process of actually borrowing word from English or the joining or combining foreign language, such as sofa from between Latin or Greek language and Arabic. Compounding is a joining of two English. It means, there are rules or ways words to produce a single form, for that are applied in forming the terms. example fingerprint and wallpaper. One of the example was found, not all Blending is the combination of two the terms use single word or free separate form by taking only the morpheme, but most of terms are beginning of one word and joining it to the combined with other word or morpheme end of other words, for example brunch to form new words, such as in the term (breakfast/lunch). Clipping occurs when a one of medical terms in the health article word of more than syllable (influenza) is is “CT scan”. Most of people commonly reducing to shorter form (flu). know the word “CT scan” as a medical Backformation is reducing process from a check using X-rays that produce “image” word of one type (usually a noun) to form inside human body, without knowing the word another type (usually a verb), for exactly meaning of the word and the example the noun television came first process that involved in forming the word. before the verb televise. While, conversion In morphology, especially in the study of is changing the function of a word without word formation, there is a process of word any reduction, for example the word chair formation is involved in that term. and butter. Acronym defines, new words Actually, the word “CT” means a Computer formed from initial letters of a set of other Tomography. This forming process is words, such CD (Compact Disk), and VCR called acronym. Yule (2010) defines, (Video Cassette Recorder). Derivation is a acronyms are new words formed from the process when a word is created where its initial letters of a set of other words. meaning and its category is distinct from it These rules or ways are interesting to be base by adding affixes, such as unhappy or investigated as a study, because every joyful. The last type is multiple process; word has their own process that can be when a word is possible to trace operation described. more than one processes at work in 95 Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.2.2018 96 particular word, for example the word where the researcher investigates the “snowballed” there are two word written things such as books, magazines, formation are involved. First is documents, diaries, etc. In this study, the compounding (snow + ball) and document were seven health articles in conversion (snowballed) The Jakarta Post newspaper from different Due to the fact, the analysis of editions (published from June until word formation in medical terms may December 2016), which has been have significant influence for Department observed by researcher to identify the English student, especially linguistic types of word formations of medical terms (morphology) students and also medical that is used According to Yule (2010).
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