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Expert Committee Report EXPERT COMMITTEE REPORT Strategy for Increasing Green Cover Outside Recorded Forest Areas Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change New Delhi 2018 Page | 0 Contributors 1. Shri Abhijit Ghose, Ex-PCCF&HOFF, Rajasthan 2. Shri Rajkumar, Ex-PCCF & HOFF, Haryana 3. Dr P. P. Bhojvaid, Ex-PCCF & HoFF, Haryana 4. Dr Rekha Pai, Ex-PCCF, Uttarakhand 5. Dr Javed Rizvi, Director, ICRAF, New Delhi 6. Shri Chandrabhushan, CSE, New Delhi 7. Shri Jitendra Sharma, PCCF, Punjab 8. Shri R. B. Sinha, APCCF, Madhya Pradesh 9. Dr Alka Bhargava, JS, MoA&FW, New Delhi 10. Dr S K Dhayni, Principal Scientist, ICAR, New Delhi 11. Dr A K Handa, Principal Scientist, CAFRI, Jhansi 12. Shri Suneel Pandey, VP, ITC Ltd., Hyderabad 13. Shri A.K.Srivastava, Ex-ADG, MoEF&CC, New Delhi 14. Shri O,P.Chowdhury, DDG (Extn.), ICFRE, Dehra Dun 15. Shri A.K Mohanty, IG (SU), MoEF&CC, New Delhi 16. Shri Noyal Thomas, IG (Forest Policy)-Member Secretary 17. Shri Sachin Raj Jain, NCCF, Noida, UP 18. Network for Certification and Conservation of Forests (NCCF) © NCCF Page | 1 Foreword The humanity of present day is facing a growing concern, from global to local, about the depleting forest resources mainly for the fear of life threatening disasters like global warming, climate change, loss of bio-diversity, depletion of water resource or degrading air qualities. However, similar concerns are never experienced for destruction of trees from outside forests as these are intrinsically intersectoral and multipurpose. Moreover, the data available on Trees Outside Forests, being dispersed and fragmentary in nature, often escapes the attention of our planners and decision makers. In recent time, due to increasing demands and scarcity of forest produce, Tree outside Forests (TOF) has assumed a greater importance in national economy. India is not an exception of it. In last two decades, TOF has significantly buffered the pressure on our declining forest resources and cater the burgeoning need of domestic biomass as well as escalating demands for industrial wood. According to the report of FAO, 93% of industrial wood demand is met from TOF. It has been corroborated from the successive Biannual State of Forest Reports which show increase in the Forest Cover and Tree Cover ever since 2005. Latest IFSR, 2017 has reported1 Forest Cover on 70.82 M ha and Tree Cover on 9.38 M ha, which together constitutes 24.39% of total GA of the country as against 33% of vegetal cover envisaged in our National Forest Policy. It has been realized that the country has a huge potential for increasing its TOF area, particularly through expansion of agroforestry. India, primarily being an agrarian economy needs to focus on climate resilient farming in a big way on the face of uncertainty of monsoon rains besides diversification of farming through the practice of other land-based activities like agroforestry, diary, livestock rearing, beekeeping, pisci-culture and different livelihood alternatives, which will enable our farming community to enhance their family income. Like in many other countries, agriculture and forestry are separated institutionally in India and because of this historic separation between these two important land uses, agroforestry is increasingly emerging as a huge source of innovation in both farming and forestry. Therefore, growth of agroforestry in India is considered as a win-win situation for both agriculture sector and forestry sector. Interestingly, nearly hundred-year-old Indian Forest Act of colonial regime which subsequently adopted by many states of independent India became the major hurdle for tree planting by Page | 2 private owners. Restrictive provisions on felling and transportation of trees standing on private land have led to a general apathy of the public in tree planting on his own land. Such provision, though relevant to prevent illegal tree felling from an “open resource” like forest stretched on a vast unguarded landscape hundred year back, apparently sounds illogical in present time when technology of surveillance is far more superior. In spite of proactive actions taken by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), responses from States have been rather poor or inadequate. However, a favorable change through recent landmark amendment in the definition of “bamboo” crop in Indian Forest Act, 1927 is widely appreciated by the farmers. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare had also come out with National Agroforestry Policy, 2014, model APLM Act, 2017 and model Contract Farming Act, 2018 for the adoption of agroforestry in a large scale. In order to formulate a strategy to increase the green cover/tree cover outside recorded forest areas (Tree Outside Forests) and particularly agroforestry, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change has constituted a high-level Committee in January 2018 under my chairmanship on identified targets. The terms of reference of the Committee are specific but at the same time exhaustive and thought provoking. The Committee held five meetings besides one focused group meetings and several Working Group discussion meetings before finalizing the report. On several sessions, specialists/resource persons were invited for wider consultations at depth. I place on record my deep appreciation and gratitude to all the esteemed members of the Committee, namely Shri Rajkumar, Ex-PCCF & HoFF (Haryana), Dr.P.P.Bhojbaid, Ex-PCCF & HoFF (Haryana), Dr Rekha Pai, Ex-PCCF, Uttarakhand, Dr Javed Rizvi, Country Director, ICRAF, Shri Chandrabhushan, DDG, CSE, Shri Jitendra Sharma, PCCF & HoFF, Punjab, Shri RB Sinha, APCCF, MP; Shri OP Chowdhury, DDG (Extn.), ICFRE; Dr Alka Bhargava, JS, MoA&FW, Shri Suneel Pandey, VP, ITC Ltd.; Shri Sachin Raj, NCCF; Shri A.K.Mohanty, IGF (SU) and Shri Noyal Thomas, IGF (FP) & Member Secretary of the Committee. I am also immensely grateful to Shri Siddhanta Das, DGF & SS, Forest who was kind enough to be present in the first meeting and addressed the members and clarified the purpose behind the Committee. I will fail in my duty if I will not mention the name of Shri AK Bansal, Former ADG (Forests), Shri AK Srivastava, Former ADG (Forests), Dr Devendra Pandey, Ex DG, FSI, Dr Vinod Kumar, APCCF , Haryana; Dr SK Dhyani, Principal Page | 3 Scientist, ICAR; Dr A K Handa, Principal Scientist, CAFRI, Jhansi and Dr. RH Rizvi, Scientist, CAFRI, Sri Rajesh Kumar, FSI, Dr.C S Jha, Group Director, NRSC & Dr. Pramod kant who joined as Resource Persons and made valuable contribution of their knowledge for enriching our report. Without the constant assistance and cooperation of Shri Jitesh Kumar, Technical Officer (Forestry), the Committee could not perform its duty smoothly. I am extremely grateful to NCCF and particularly Ms. Deepali Rautela, Asst. Director and her teammates Ms.Taruna, Ms. Abhilasha and Mr. Varun for their hard work and consistent support in preparing the report in a presentable format. I sincerely hope the suggestions/recommendations made in the Report may be of far reaching consequences in the long run and agroforestry will be a real game changer for both agriculture and forestry sectors of India. Adoption of agroforestry in a large scale will ensure expansion of TOF and gradually India will be a country of Net Exporter in Wood and Wood Products from its present status as Net Importing Nation in Wood resulting a huge savings of our Foreign Reserve Currency. ABHIJIT GHOSE, Chairman & Ex-PCCF (HoFF), Raj. Page | 4 Contents Contributors .................................................................................................................................... 1 Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... 2 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 6 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. 6 List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 7 Report at a Glance: Executive Summary ...................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER-I .................................................................................................................................. 22 CHAPTER-II ................................................................................................................................ 35 Classification of Agricultural regions under Silvi-climatic Zones ............................................... 35 CHAPTER-III ............................................................................................................................... 64 Need for certified Quality Planting Material ................................................................................ 64 CHAPTER-IV ............................................................................................................................... 84 Financing Mechanisms ................................................................................................................. 84 CHAPTER-V ................................................................................................................................ 94 Rationalization of regulatory regime to promote Agro-forestry ..................................................
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