Cigna Advantage 4-Tier Prescription Drug List
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Table 2. 2012 AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially
Table 2. 2012 AGS Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults Strength of Organ System/ Recommendat Quality of Recomm Therapeutic Category/Drug(s) Rationale ion Evidence endation References Anticholinergics (excludes TCAs) First-generation antihistamines Highly anticholinergic; Avoid Hydroxyzin Strong Agostini 2001 (as single agent or as part of clearance reduced with e and Boustani 2007 combination products) advanced age, and promethazi Guaiana 2010 Brompheniramine tolerance develops ne: high; Han 2001 Carbinoxamine when used as hypnotic; All others: Rudolph 2008 Chlorpheniramine increased risk of moderate Clemastine confusion, dry mouth, Cyproheptadine constipation, and other Dexbrompheniramine anticholinergic Dexchlorpheniramine effects/toxicity. Diphenhydramine (oral) Doxylamine Use of diphenhydramine in Hydroxyzine special situations such Promethazine as acute treatment of Triprolidine severe allergic reaction may be appropriate. Antiparkinson agents Not recommended for Avoid Moderate Strong Rudolph 2008 Benztropine (oral) prevention of Trihexyphenidyl extrapyramidal symptoms with antipsychotics; more effective agents available for treatment of Parkinson disease. Antispasmodics Highly anticholinergic, Avoid Moderate Strong Lechevallier- Belladonna alkaloids uncertain except in Michel 2005 Clidinium-chlordiazepoxide effectiveness. short-term Rudolph 2008 Dicyclomine palliative Hyoscyamine care to Propantheline decrease Scopolamine oral secretions. Antithrombotics Dipyridamole, oral short-acting* May -
Compositions Comprising Drospirenone Molecularly
(19) & (11) EP 1 748 756 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61K 9/00 (2006.01) A61K 9/107 (2006.01) 29.04.2009 Bulletin 2009/18 A61K 9/48 (2006.01) A61K 9/16 (2006.01) A61K 9/20 (2006.01) A61K 9/14 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 05708751.2 A61K 9/70 A61K 31/565 (22) Date of filing: 10.03.2005 (86) International application number: PCT/IB2005/000665 (87) International publication number: WO 2005/087194 (22.09.2005 Gazette 2005/38) (54) COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING DROSPIRENONE MOLECULARLY DISPERSED ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN AUS DROSPIRENON IN MOLEKULARER DISPERSION DES COMPOSITIONS CONTENANT DROSPIRENONE A DISPERSION MOLECULAIRE (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR • FUNKE, Adrian HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR D-14055 Berlin (DE) Designated Extension States: • WAGNER, Torsten AL BA HR MK YU 13127 Berlin (DE) (30) Priority: 10.03.2004 EP 04075713 (74) Representative: Wagner, Kim 10.03.2004 US 551355 P Plougmann & Vingtoft a/s Sundkrogsgade 9 (43) Date of publication of application: P.O. Box 831 07.02.2007 Bulletin 2007/06 2100 Copenhagen Ø (DK) (60) Divisional application: (56) References cited: 08011577.7 / 1 980 242 EP-A- 1 260 225 EP-A- 1 380 301 WO-A-01/52857 WO-A-20/04022065 (73) Proprietor: Bayer Schering Pharma WO-A-20/04041289 US-A- 5 569 652 Aktiengesellschaft US-A- 5 656 622 US-A- 5 789 442 13353 Berlin (DE) Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. -
Drospirenone-Containing Birth Control Pills (Yaz, Yasmin, Ocella, Gianvi and Their Generics)
Drospirenone-Containing Birth Control Pills (Yaz, Yasmin, Ocella, Gianvi and their generics) Drospirenone is a progestin component of some birth control pills that does some blocking of testosterone (the "male hormone" that women have, too, and the hormone that can be a part of making acne worse). This is why drospirenone-containing birth control pills are especially good at helping acne (and why they can theoretically help hirsutism and female-pattern scalp hair loss as well). Drospirenone is also a mild diuretic and is why these birth control pills do not cause the water weight gain that some birth control pills can. Any birth control pill can theoretically help acne just by evening out hormonal fluctuations, but for many birth control pills, the effects on acne is very minimal. Which birth control pills are most likely to help acne? Some birth control pills are more like testosterone and some are less like testosterone. The ones that are less like testosterone can theoretically help acne more. The drospirenone-containing birth control pills go one step further by blocking testosterone, and may show the most benefit on clearing acne. Drospirenone is a progestin that is derived from 17-alpha-spironolactone and is chemically related to the diuretic spironolactone. Spironolactone is a diuretic (used for high blood pressure) that is sometimes used off-label for the treatment of acne, hirsutism or female-pattern hair loss. Often people say that a drospirenone-containing birth control pill may be equivalent to 25mg of spironolactone. Risks : Any estrogen-containing birth control pill increases the risk of a high blood pressure, stroke, or other life-threatening blood clot, and one study showed possibly a slightly higher risk with a drospirenone-containing birth control pill. -
Arrhythmias in the Intensive Care Patient Hans-Joachim Trappe, Bodo Brandts and Peter Weismueller
Arrhythmias in the intensive care patient Hans-Joachim Trappe, Bodo Brandts and Peter Weismueller Purpose of review ventricular fibrillation. The use of automatic external Atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, AV–nodal reentry tachycardia defibrillators by basic life support ambulance providers or first with rapid ventricular response, atrial ectopic tachycardia, and responder in early defibrillation programs has been associated preexcitation syndromes combined with atrial fibrillation or with a significant increase in survival rates. Drugs such as ventricular tachyarrhythmias are typical arrhythmias in intensive lidocaine, procainamide, sotalol, amiodarone, or magnesium care patients. Most frequently, the diagnosis of the underlying were recommended for treatment of ventricular arrhythmia is possible from the physical examination, the tachyarrhythmias in intensive care patients. Amiodarone is a response to maneuvers or drugs, and the 12-lead surface highly efficacious antiarrhythmic agent for many cardiac electrocardiogram. In all patients with unstable hemodynamics, arrhythmias, ranging from atrial fibrillation to malignant immediate DC-cardioversion is indicated. Conversion of atrial ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and seems to be superior to other fibrillation to sinus rhythm is possible using antiarrhythmic antiarrhythmic agents. drugs. Amiodarone has a conversion rate in atrial fibrillation of up to 80%. However, caution in the use of short-term Keywords administration of intravenous amiodarone in critically ill patients atrial fibrillation, -
Guidelines for the Forensic Analysis of Drugs Facilitating Sexual Assault and Other Criminal Acts
Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel.: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org Guidelines for the Forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts United Nations publication Printed in Austria ST/NAR/45 *1186331*V.11-86331—December 2011 —300 Photo credits: UNODC Photo Library, iStock.com/Abel Mitja Varela Laboratory and Scientific Section UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Guidelines for the forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 ST/NAR/45 © United Nations, December 2011. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. List of abbreviations . v Acknowledgements .......................................... vii 1. Introduction............................................. 1 1.1. Background ........................................ 1 1.2. Purpose and scope of the manual ...................... 2 2. Investigative and analytical challenges ....................... 5 3 Evidence collection ...................................... 9 3.1. Evidence collection kits .............................. 9 3.2. Sample transfer and storage........................... 10 3.3. Biological samples and sampling ...................... 11 3.4. Other samples ...................................... 12 4. Analytical considerations .................................. 13 4.1. Substances encountered in DFSA and other DFC cases .... 13 4.2. Procedures and analytical strategy...................... 14 4.3. Analytical methodology .............................. 15 4.4. -
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Ginekologia Polska 2019, vol. 90, no. 9, 520–526 Copyright © 2019 Via Medica ORIGINAL PAPER / GYNECologY ISSN 0017–0011 DOI: 10.5603/GP.2019.0091 Anti-androgenic therapy in young patients and its impact on intensity of hirsutism, acne, menstrual pain intensity and sexuality — a preliminary study Anna Fuchs, Aleksandra Matonog, Paulina Sieradzka, Joanna Pilarska, Aleksandra Hauzer, Iwona Czech, Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop Department of Pregnancy Pathology, Department of Woman’s Health, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland ABSTRACT Objectives: Using anti-androgenic contraception is one of the methods of birth control. It also has a significant, non-con- traceptive impact on women’s body. These drugs can be used in various endocrinological disorders, because of their ability to reduce the level of male hormones. The aim of our study is to establish a correlation between taking different types of anti-androgenic drugs and intensity of hirsutism, acne, menstrual pain intensity and sexuality . Material and methods: 570 women in childbearing age that had been using oral contraception for at least three months took part in our research. We examined women and asked them about quality of life, health, direct causes and effects of that treatment, intensity of acne and menstrual pain before and after. Our research group has been divided according to the type of gestagen contained in the contraceptive pill: dienogest, cyproterone, chlormadynone and drospirenone. Ad- ditionally, the control group consisted of women taking oral contraceptives without antiandrogenic component. Results: The mean age of the studied group was 23 years ± 3.23. 225 of 570 women complained of hirsutism. -
Comparing the Effects of Combined Oral Contraceptives Containing Progestins with Low Androgenic and Antiandrogenic Activities on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis In
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS Amiri et al Review Comparing the Effects of Combined Oral Contraceptives Containing Progestins With Low Androgenic and Antiandrogenic Activities on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Mina Amiri1,2, PhD, Postdoc; Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani2, MD; Fatemeh Nahidi3, PhD; Ali Kabir4, MD, MPH, PhD; Fereidoun Azizi5, MD 1Students Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic Of Iran 2Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic Of Iran 3School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic Of Iran 4Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic Of Iran 5Endocrine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic Of Iran Corresponding Author: Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, MD Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 24 Parvaneh Yaman Street, Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763 Tehran, 1985717413 Islamic Republic Of Iran Phone: 98 21 22432500 Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Different products of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can improve clinical and biochemical findings in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of COCs containing progestins with low androgenic and antiandrogenic activities on the HPG axis in patients with PCOS. -
Safety and Efficacy of Ibutilide in Cardioversion of Atrial Flutter And
J Am Board Fam Med: first published as 10.3122/jabfm.2011.01.080096 on 5 January 2011. Downloaded from CLINICAL REVIEW Safety and Efficacy of Ibutilide in Cardioversion of Atrial Flutter and Fibrillation Madhuri Nair, MD, Lekha K. George, MD, and Santhosh K. G. Koshy, MD This article reviews the safety and efficacy of ibutilide for use in patients with atrial fibrillation and flut- ter. Ibutilide, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, is primarily used for conversion of atrial flutter and fi- brillation and is a good alternative to electrical cardioversion. Ibutilide has a conversion rate of up to 75% to 80% in recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter; the conversion rate is higher for atrial flutter than for atrial fibrillation. It is also safe in the conversion of chronic atrial fibrillation/flutter among patients receiving oral amiodarone therapy. Ibutilide pretreatment facilitates transthoracic defibrilla- tion and decreases the energy requirement of electrical cardioversion by both monophasic and biphasic shocks. Pretreatment with ibutilide before electrical defibrillation has a conversion rate of 100% com- pared with 72% with no pretreatment. Ibutilide is also safe and efficient in the treatment of atrial fibril- lation in patients who have had cardiac surgery, and in accessory pathway–mediated atrial fibrillation where the conversion rate of ibutilide is as high as 95%. There is up to a 4% risk of torsade de pointes and a 4.9% risk of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Hence, close monitoring in an intensive care unit setting is warranted during and at least for 4 hours after drug infusion. The anticoagulation strat- egy is the same as for any other mode of cardioversion.(J Am Board Fam Med 2011;24:86–92.) Keywords: Antiarrhythmics, Arrhythmia, Atrial Fibrillation, Cardiovascular Disorders, Cardioversion, Drug Ther- copyright. -
Contraception and Misconceptions
CONTRACEPTION AND MISCONCEPTIONS CONTRACEPTION IN WOMEN WITH MENTAL ILLNESS OVERVIEW Hormones and mood How mental illness impacts on contraceptive choice Ideal contraception Pro and cons of contraceptive methods in women with mental illness Hormonal contraception and mood ESTROGENS anti-inflammatory neuroprotective effects of estradiol modulation of the limbic processing memory of emotionally-relevant information. estradiol “beneficially” modulates pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, including serotonin and norepinephrine pathways PROGESTROGENS Previously thought to be anxiogenic, depressogenic Breakdown products Depression – alpha hydroxy progestrogen breakdown products pro – inflammatory, anxiogenic HORMONES AND MOODS – COMPLEX INTERPLAY MENTAL ILLNESS AND CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICE Effect of mental illness on contraceptive choice Effect of contraceptive choice on mental illness Drug interactions EFFECT MENTAL ILLNESS ON CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICE Impulsive Poor planning Cognitive and problem judgement Poor adherence IMPULSIVITY COGNITION POOR JUDGEMENT LETS NOT FORGET SUBSTANCES…… TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION No method Non hormonal Condom/Femidom Diaphragm Non hormone containing IUCD (Copper T) Hormonal COC POP Mirena Evra Patch Nuva Ring Implant ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES POP – avoid Same time every day COC Pros Effective Reduction PMS – monophasic estrogen dominant pill eg Femodene, Yaz, Nordette Cons Drug interactions Pill burden Daily dose EVRA PATCH Weekly patch Transdermal system: 150 mcg/day -
209627Orig1s000
CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION NUMBER: 209627Orig1s000 MULTI-DISCIPLINE REVIEW Summary Review Office Director Cross Discipline Team Leader Review Clinical Review Non-Clinical Review Statistical Review Clinical Pharmacology Review Reviewers of Multi-Disciplinary Review and Evaluation SECTIONS OFFICE/ AUTHORED/ ACKNOWLEDGED/ DISCIPLINE REVIEWER DIVISION APPROVED Mark Seggel, Ph.D. OPQ/ONDP/DNDP2 Authored: Section 4.2 Digitally signed by Mark R. Seggel -S CMC Lead DN: c=US, o=U.S. Government, ou=HHS, ou=FDA, ou=People, cn=Mark R. Signature: Mark R. Seggel -S Seggel -S, 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.1=1300071539 Date: 2018.08.08 16:29:15 -04'00' Frederic Moulin, DVM, PhD OND/ODE3/DBRUP Authored: Section 5 Pharmacology/ Digitally signed by Frederic Moulin -S Toxicology DN: c=US, o=U.S. Government, ou=HHS, ou=FDA, ou=People, Reviewer Signature: Frederic Moulin -S 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.1=2001708658, cn=Frederic Moulin -S Date: 2018.08.08 15:26:57 -04'00' Kimberly Hatfield, PhD OND/ODE3/DBRUP Approved: Section 5 Pharmacology/ Toxicology Digitally signed by Kimberly P. Hatfield -S DN: c=US, o=U.S. Government, ou=HHS, ou=FDA, ou=People, Team Leader Signature: Kimberly P. Hatfield -S 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.1=1300387215, cn=Kimberly P. Hatfield -S Date: 2018.08.08 14:56:10 -04'00' Li Li, Ph.D. OCP/DCP3 Authored: Sections 6 and 17.3 Clinical Pharmacology Dig ta ly signed by Li Li S DN c=US o=U S Government ou=HHS ou=FDA ou=People Reviewer cn=Li Li S Signature: Li Li -S 0 9 2342 19200300 100 1 1=20005 08577 Date 2018 08 08 15 39 23 04'00' Doanh Tran, Ph.D. -
Misperceptions About Contraceptives Persist
30 Women’s Health FAMILY P RACTICE N EWS • September 1, 2008 Misperceptions About Contraceptives Persist BY DOUG BRUNK trauterine device use; 50% thought IUD (SOGC). There may be inadequate in- Oral contraceptives are also safe in women San Diego Bureau failure was a major risk; and fewer than struction with regard to contraception in older than age 35 if they are healthy non- one-third would recommend an IUD as an physician-training programs, she said. smokers, and in women with systemic lu- C ALGARY, ALTA. — Physicians may option for nulliparous women, for post- “Not everybody does IUD insertions, sub- pus erythematosus provided they have no have a surprising number of misconcep- coital contraception, for women with fi- dermal progestin implant, or vasectomy.” antiphospholipid antibodies, vascular dis- tions about birth control, according to re- broids, or for women who had pelvic in- Other barriers to effective contraceptive ease, or nephritis. cent responses to a survey by 96 family flammatory disease within the last year use include exaggerated concerns about Another common exaggerated concern physicians in Kingston, Ont. (Can. Fam. Physician 2008;54:560-6). potential side effects. For example, women is that the use of oral and transdermal Contrary to evidence in the medical lit- “Only 41% of these physicians inserted with diabetes may use oral contraceptives patch contraceptives cause weight gain. erature, more than 60% of respondents IUDs,” Dr. Amanda Black said at the an- if they have no end-organ damage, said Dr. However, a recent Cochrane systematic re- thought pelvic inflammatory disease and nual meeting of the Society of Obstetri- Black of the division of general obstetrics view of randomized, controlled data con- ectopic pregnancy were major risks of in- cians and Gynaecologists of Canada and gynecology at the Ottawa Hospital. -
Forensic Toxicology Laboratory Office of Chief Medical Examiner City of New York
FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY LABORATORY OFFICE OF CHIEF MEDICAL EXAMINER CITY OF NEW YORK CARISOPRODOL , MEPROBAMATE and TOPIRAMATE by SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION and GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY (Selected Ion Monitoring) PRINCIPLE Carisoprodol is a carbamate derivative first synthesized in 1959. It is primarily used as a muscle relaxant. UncontrolledMeprobamate is also a carbamate derivative used as a muscle relaxant and the primary metabolite of carisoprodol. Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide used as an anticonvulsant Carisoprodol, meprobamate and topiramate are quantitated by a selected ion monitoring (SIM) method using methapyrilene as the internal standard. Carisoprodol, meprobamate and topiramate are extracted from biological specimens by solid phase extraction. Drugs are temporarily bound to a sorbent in the solid phase cartridge as the prepared sample is poured through the column. The column is washed to remove interfering compounds, followed by elution of drugs from the column. The eluate is evaporated, reconstituted and injected in the GCMS. Quantitative analysis is performed by SIM GCMS using a six point calibration curve. SAFETY The handling of all biological specimens and reagents is performed within the guidelines which are detailed in the Safety and Health manual. Copy SPECIMEN PREPARATION The procedure is routinely applied to the following biological specimens and their aliquots unless otherwise specified: Blood 0.5 mL of the undiluted specimen Urine 0.5 mL for qualitative identification Brain 0.5 mL of a 1:3 homogenate Gastric Contents 0.5 mL of a 1:10 dilution Liver 0.5 mL of a 1:5 homogenate Vitreous Humor 0.5 mL of the undiluted specimen Bile 0.5 mL of the undiluted specimen Reviewed by: Date: Page 1 of 14 T:\FINALSOP\FINAL SOP PDF\G.