Personality Psychoanalytic Perspective

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Personality Psychoanalytic Perspective PSY 111: Introduction to Psychology Learning Unit 9: Mini-Lecture Personality Speaker: Judy Austin Do you know the names of the seven dwarfs? Let’s see… They are Crazy, Selfish, Ugly, Narcissistic, Crude, Lazy, and Uncooperative. Whoops… Those are not the names of the seven dwarfs; those are the seven characteristics of my ex-husband’s personality… Just kidding, my ex-husband was totally perfect in every way… Seriously, putting all kidding and jokes aside, we probably can recall the names of the seven dwarfs – Bashful, Happy, Dopey, Sneezy, Grumpy, Doc, and Sleepy. What helps us to be able to remember them is that each dwarf has a distinct personality. Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. We each have a distinct personality. In this lecture we will look at the following personality models: Psychoanalytic, Neo-Freudian, Humanistic, Trait, and Social- Cognitive. The Psychoanalytic Approach focuses on Sigmund Freud, the Neo-Freudian on Alfred Adler and Carl Jung, the Humanistic on Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, and the Social-Cognitive on Albert Bandura. Psychoanalytic Perspective So let’s look first at the Psychoanalytic Perspective on personality. Sigmund Freud’s clinical experience led him to develop the first comprehensive theory of personality, which included the unconscious mind, psychosexual states, and defense mechanisms. The unconscious mind, according to Freud, is made up of mainly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. He believed the mind is like an iceberg. It is mostly hidden, and below the surface lays the unconscious mind. The preconscious stores temporary memories. Freud believed our personality develops as a result of our efforts to resolve conflicts between our biological impulses (the ID) and social restraints (the Superego). The ID consciously strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives, operating on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. The Superego provides standards for judgment, which is our conscious. The Ego mediates the demands of the ID and Superego. In order to find out what was in a patient’s mind, Freud asked patients to say whatever came into their thoughts. This process was called “free association.” Free association often leads to painful, embarrassing unconscious memories, but once retrieved and released causes the patient to feel better. Another method Freud used to analyze the unconscious mind was through interpreting a patient’s dreams. Freud believed there were manifest and latent contents of dreams. Manifest content is the dream as it is dreamed. The dream's latent content is the real meaning behind the dream which the dreamer seeks to hide from the conscious mind. Freud believed personality formed during the first few years of life divided into psychosexual states. During these stages the ID’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on pleasure sensitive body areas called erogenous zones. The five psychosexual stages of personality according to Freud are Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital. The Oral stage takes place up to 18 months of age and pleasure focuses on the mouth through sucking, biting, and chewing. The Anal stage is from 18 to 36 months, and its pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination and coping with demands for control. The Phallic stage which takes place from 3 to 6 years focuses its pleasure in the genitals and is coping with incestuous sexual Page 1 of 3 PSY 111: Introduction to Psychology Learning Unit 9: Mini-Lecture feelings. In the Latency stage, which is from age 6 to puberty, sexual feelings become dormant. The Genital stage is from puberty onward and focuses on the maturing of sexual interests. Freud believed during the Phallic stage boys develop a sexual desire for their mothers and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival fathers. He called this the Oedipus Complex. When girls develop a sexual desire for their fathers, it is called the Electra Complex. Freud also believed the Ego tries to protect anxiety by distorting reality through defense mechanisms. Six types of defense mechanisms are: repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, and displacement. Repression banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. Regression leads an individual faced with anxiety to retreat to a more infantile psychosexual stage. Reaction Formation causes the ego to unconsciously switch unacceptable impulses into their opposites. People may express feelings of purity when they may be suffering anxiety from unconscious feelings about sex. Projection leads people to disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. Rationalization offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions. Displacement shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, redirecting anger toward a safer outlet. When evaluating Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, we are resting everything on the repression of painful experiences into the unconscious mind. If this is the case, then why are the majority of children, death camp survivors, and battle-scarred veterans able to remember their painful experiences? Also, Freud’s concepts arise out of clinical practices which are merely an after-the-fact explanation. Neo-Freudians Alfred Adler and Carl Jung studied with Sigmund Freud, but later decided they did not agree with his ideas about all tensions in life being sexual. Therefore, their ideas about personality are considered Neo- Freudian. Alfred Adler believed tensions were social. He coined the term “inferiority complex” and believed children struggled with this inferiority complex while striving for superiority and power. Carl Jung believed in collective unconscious, which contains a common reservoir of images derived from our species’ past. He believed this is why many cultures share certain myths and images such as the mother being a symbol of nurturance. Humanistic Perspective By the 1960s more and more psychologists became discontented with how negative Freud’s theories were and chose to look at a more “humanistic” perspective. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers were the main leaders of the Humanistic Perspective Theory of Personality. Maslow believed we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs. We are all striving to be a self-actualized person. In order to reach this level we have to be totally satisfied on several other levels. The bottom level is the physiological level, then the safety level, the belonging level, the esteem level, and the self-actualized level. We cannot move to the next level until our needs are completely satisfied, and we cannot work on more than one level at a time. The self-actualized level is where we would fulfill our potential. Carl Rogers also believed in an individual’s self-actualization tendencies. His beliefs centered on the concept of “Unconditional Positive Regard.” This is an attitude of acceptance of others despite failings. In an effort to assess personality, Rogers asked people to describe themselves as they would like to be and as they actually are. If the two Page 2 of 3 PSY 111: Introduction to Psychology Learning Unit 9: Mini-Lecture descriptions were close, then the individual had a positive self-concept. The Humanistic Perspective has had a pervasive impact on counseling, education, child-rearing, and management with its emphasis on a positive self-concept, empathy, and the thought that people are basically good and can improve. Critics of the Humanistic Perspective state that the concepts are vague and lack scientific basis. It also fails to appreciate the reality of our human capacity for evil. Trait Perspective The Trait Perspective is based on an individual’s personality being made up of consistent ways of behaving called traits. Examples of traits would be: honest, dependable, moody, and impulsive. Almost 18,000 words have been identified that represent traits. There is a test called the MMPI, which stands for Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. It is the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests and was originally developed to identify emotional disorders. Some trait researchers believe that the test called “The Big Five” does a better job of assessment. This assessment looks at conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion. Social-Cognitive Perspective The last personality perspective we’re going to look at in this unit is the Social-Cognitive Perspective. Albert Bandura is the person most closely identified with this approach. He believed the personality is the result of an interaction that takes place between a person and his or her social context. In looking at personality from this perspective, we would derive that people choose different environments, our personalities shape how we react to events, and our personalities shape situations. Social-cognitive psychologists emphasize the study of whether we feel we control our environment or our environment controls us. An external locus of control refers to the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate while an internal locus of control refers to the perception that we can control our own fate. If we are unable to avoid repeated adverse events we then can acquire what is called “learned helplessness.” I hope you enjoyed this lecture on personality, and I leave you with a story about three psychiatrists that decided to analyze each other’s personalities. The first one said, “There’s something in my personality that makes me a compulsive shopper. I’m deeply debt, and I have to overcharge my patients.” The second one said, “There’s something in my personality that makes me addicted to drugs. I’m so out of control that I pressure my patients into buying illegal drugs for me.” The first two then turn to the third psychiatrist and say, “So what’s wrong with your personality?” The third psychiatrist said, “What’s wrong with my personality is that no matter how hard I try, I just can’t keep a secret.” © Judy Austin and Indian Hills Community College Page 3 of 3 .
Recommended publications
  • Contribution of Freudian Psychology
    CONTRIBUTION OF FREUDIAN PSYCHOLOGY B.A. IInd (Honors), Lecture Series-3 By Dr. Masaud Ansari Department of Psychology, A.P.S.M. College, Barauni L. N. M. University, Darbhanga 23 JULY 2020 Contribution of Freudian Psychology A glimpse of the details of the work can be had from The Standard Edition of the Works of Sigmund Freud, 24 volumes that has been edited by J. Strachey. However, Freud’s systematic position can be presented under the following sev en headings: 1. Topographical Structure: Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious 2. Structural Model: Id, Ego and Superego 3. Psychic energy and theory of instincts 4. Anxiety and defence mechanisms 5. Stages of Psychosexual Development 6. Freud’s Social Psychology 7. Mind-body position 1. Topographical Structure: Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious i. He divided the mind into two parts- conscious and unconscious. ii. The unconscious has two different levels- the unconscious proper and preconscious. iii. Consciousness is defined as consisting of those mental elements that are in awareness at any given moment. iv. Inhis famous “iceberg” analogy, the upper small portion of the ice represents consciousness. v. The pre-consciousness consists of all those mental elements which are not conscious but can become readily available to consciousness with little effort. vi. For this reason this is also sometimes called as available memory. vii. The unconscious is the most important part of the mind and in terms of “iceberg” analogy, it is equivalent to the part of the ice that is submerged into the water. viii. Unconscious is the largest part of the mind. ix.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oedipal Complex and Child Sexual Abuse Research: a Re-Examination of Freud's Hypothesis
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 332 137 CG 023 395 AUTHOR Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen A. TITLE The Oedipal Complex and Child Sexual Abuse Research: A Re-examination of Freud's Hypothesis. INSTITUTION New Hampshire Univ., Durham. Family Research Lab. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Mental Health (DHHS), Bethesda, Md. PUB DATE May 91 CONTRACT NIMH-T32-MH15161 NOTE 15p. PUB TYPE Reports - General (140) -- Information Analyses (070) -- Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Child Abuse; *Parent Child Relationship; Research Problems; *Sexual Abuse; *Sexuality; Theories; Validity IDENTIFIERS Freud (Sigmund); Oedipal Conflict ABSTRACT In 1896, Sigmund Freud stated that early childhood seduction caused hysteria in his female patients. He later recanted his original finding and claimed that the reports of abuse he heard from his patients were not descriptions of real events, but his patients' expressions of unconscious childhood wishes. The theory of the Oedipal complex gave practitioners a reason for why they were hearing about seduction in childhood from their patients, and supported these practitioners in the belief that sexual abuse was a rare phenomenon. To date, research on child sexual abuse and children's knowledge of sexuality fails to support the Oedipal theory. The theory of the Oedipal complex, although criticized by many authors, continues to exert an influence on the field. It seems as though some have accepted this theory as "truth" and have not examined whether it is consistent with the growing body of knowledge. Given all of this, it must be seriously questioned whether this theory is useful for child abuse professionals.
    [Show full text]
  • A Slave for Two Masters: Countertransference of a Wounded
    A Slave For Two Masters: Countertransference of a Wounded Healer in the Treatment of a “Difficult to Treat” Adolescent by Ralph Cuseglio A case study submitted to the School of Social Work Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Social Work Graduate Program in Social Work New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2015 A Slave For Two Masters: Countertransference of a Wounded Healer in the Treatment of a “What is to give light must endure burning.” “Difficult to Treat” Adolescent -Viktor Frankl Ralph Cuseglio The referral seemed straightforward enough, a “softball,” I thought. A woman named Ruth called Abstract my office seeking counseling for her fifteen-year- The aim of this case study is to analyze intense old son. He’d recently returned home, blackout countertransference experienced by a therapist drunk after his girlfriend ended their three-month while treating a “difficult to treat” adolescent relationship. Teenage breakup was a subject with patient. During treatment, the therapist struggled which I had become quite familiar. Having worked to recognize much of his subjective with hundreds of teens, I had listened to countless countertransference and its impact on the tales of woe. Lending an ear and the passage of treatment. This paper will discuss the reasons for time was usually enough to mend the young heart. this and the manner in which both subjective and Not this time. And that softball…well, it clocked objective countertransference played a role. In me upside my head and brought me to my knees. doing so, the therapist discusses how his This paper has arisen out of a desire to childhood experiences and the subsequent understand the countertransference reactions I assumption of Carl Jung’s wounded healer experienced while working with the archetype fueled the countertransference in ways aforementioned patient; most of which came in that were concurrently beneficial and detrimental hindsight long after treatment ended.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study the Issue
    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The issue of LGBT had existed in western countries since a long time ago. One of the western countries that had history with this issue was England. The LGBT issue has already existed in England since the middle of 100‟s A.D. It was started with a Roman Emperor named Hadrian, who declared himself as a homosexual (Keele University, n.d.). The declaration made by Hadrian was very crucial, for lead it the way for LGBT issue to be recognized in the British society. The self-recognition of Hadrian as a homosexual inspired Alcuin of York who was widely knows well known as David to write poems that used homosexuality as the main topic in 797(Keele University, n.d.). This phenomenon was happened in the middle of 19th century. As golden age of literature in Britain, LGBT issue also influenced British writers during this century. One of the British writers that have a strong bond with LGBT is Oscar Wilde. Wilde was born in 1854 on Ireland and Died in 1900. He was an English poet, novelist, and playwright. He was often mentioned as an eccentric writer and he was the leader of the aesthetic movement that advocated “Art for Art‟s sake”. He was once in imprisoned for two years with hard labor for homosexual practices. One of 1 2 the plays that have been often considered as his masterpiece was The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). Another influence of the LGBT phenomenon that was proven by the Wilde‟s novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray novel featured bisexual character, Dorian Gray in 1895.
    [Show full text]
  • About Psychoanalysis
    ABOUT PSYCHOANALYSIS What is psychoanalysis? What is psychoanalytic treatment for? Freud’s major discoveries and innovations • The Unconscious • Early childhood experiences • Psychosexual development • The Oedipus complex • Repression • Dreams are wish-fulfilments • Transference • Free association • The Ego, the Id and the Super-Ego Major discoveries and additions to psychoanalytic theory since Freud: the different strands and schools within psychoanalysis today • Classical and contemporary Freudians • Sándor Ferenczi • Ego-Psychology • Classical and contemporary Kleinians • The Bionian branch of the Kleinian School • Winnicott’s branch of the Object-Relations Theory • French psychoanalysis • Self-Psychology • Relational Psychoanalysis The core psychoanalytic method and setting • Method • Setting Various Psychoanalytic Treatment Methods (adult, children, groups, etc) • Psychoanalysis • Psychoanalytic or psychodynamic psychotherapy • Children and adolescents • Psychoanalytic psychodrama • Psychoanalytic Couples- and Family-Psychotherapy • Psychoanalytic Groups Psychoanalytic training Applied psychoanalysis The IPA, its organisation and ethical guidelines Where to encounter psychoanalysis? What is psychoanalysis? Psychoanalysis is both a theory of the human mind and a therapeutic practice. It was founded by Sigmund Freud between 1885 and 1939 and continues to be developed by psychoanalysts all over the world. Psychoanalysis has four major areas of application: 1) as a theory of how the mind works 2) as a treatment method for psychic problems 3) as a method of research, and 4) as a way of viewing cultural and social phenomena like literature, art, movies, performances, politics and groups. What is psychoanalytic treatment for? Psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy are for those who feel caught in recurrent psychic problems that impede their potential to experience happiness with their partners, families, and friends as well as success and fulfilment in their work and the normal tasks of everyday life.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapsychology113.Pdf
    DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY PATNA UNIVERSITY, PATNA Advance General Psychology, sem-1st Ranjeet Kumar Ranjan Assistant Professor (Part Time) [email protected] Mob. No.-6203743650 PERSONALITY Personality is an individual’s unique and relatively stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY Freud defined personality in four central points i.e., levels of consciousness, the structure of personality, anxiety and defense mechanism, and psychosexual stages of development. Psychosexual stages Oral Stage – The first stage is the oral stage. An infant is in this stage from birth to eighteen months of age. The main focus in the oral stage is pleasure seeking through the infant’s mouth. During this stage, the need for tasting and sucking becomes prominent in producing pleasure. Oral stimulation is crucial during this stage; if the infant’s needs are not met during this time frame he or she will be fixated in the oral stage. Fixation in this stage can lead to adult habits such as thumb-sucking, smoking, over-eating, and nail-biting. Personality traits can also develop during adulthood that are linked to oral fixation; these traits can include optimism and independence or pessimism and hostility. Anal Stage – The second stage is the anal stage which lasts from eighteen months to three years of age. During this stage the infant’s pleasure seeking centers are located in the bowels and bladder. Parents stress toilet training and bowel control during this time period. Fixation in the anal stage can lead to anal-retention or anal- expulsion. Anal retentive characteristics include being overly neat, precise, and orderly while being anal expulsive involves being disorganized, messy, and destructive.
    [Show full text]
  • Intrapsychic Perspectives on Personality
    PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES ON PERSONALITY This educational CAPPE module is part i in section III: Theories of Human Functioning and Spirituality Written by Peter L. VanKatwyk, Ph.D. Introduction Psychodynamic theory goes back more than 100 years and has been a principal influence in the early history of clinical pastoral education (CPE). It is a way of thinking about personality dynamics in interpreting and understanding both the spiritual care-provider and care-receiver. This module will briefly summarize the basic theory and punctuate psychodynamic concepts that have been significant in the study of psychology of religion and theological reflection in the practice of spiritual care and counselling. Psychodynamic theories presently practiced include in historical sequence the following three schools that will be covered in this module: 1. Ego Psychology, following and extending the classic psychoanalytic theory of Freud, with major representatives in Anna Freud, Heinz Hartmann and Erik Erikson. 2. Object Relations Theory, derived from the work of Melanie Klein and members of the “British School,” including those who are prominent in religious studies and the practice of spiritual care: Ronald Fairbairn, Harry Guntrip, and D.W. Winnicott. 3. Self Psychology, modifying psychoanalytic theory with an interpersonal relations focus, originating in Heinz Kohut, systematized and applied for social work and counselling practice by Miriam Elson. In conjunction these psychodynamic theories offer three main perspectives on personality: 1. the human mind harbors conflict – with powerful unconscious forces that are continually thwarted in expressing themselves by a broad range of counteracting psychological processes and defense mechanisms. 2. each person carries an unconscious internalized world of personal relationships – with mental representations that reflect earlier experiences of self and others which often surface as patterns in current relationships and interpersonal problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Recognizing Female Desire and Subjectivity in the Oedipus Complex
    Jenna Davis 1 Beyond Castration: Recognizing Female Desire and Subjectivity in the Oedipus Complex Je=aDavis Critical Theory Swathmore College December 2011 Jenna Davis 2 CHAPTER 1 Argument and Methodology Psychoanalysis was developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. One of Freud's most celebrated theories was that of the Oedipus complex, which explores the psychic structures that underlie sexual development. In the following chapters I will be examining the Oedipal and preoedipal stages of psychosexual development, drawing out their implicit gendered assumptions with the help of modern feminist theorists and psychoanalysts. I am pursuing a Lacanian reading of Freud, in which the biological roles of mother and father are given structural importance, so that whomever actually occupies these roles is less important than their positional significance. After giving a brief history of the evolution of psychoanalytic theory in the first chapter, I move on in the second chapter to explicate Freud's conception of the Oedipus complex (including the preoedipal stage) and the role of the Oedipal myth, making use of theorist Teresa de Lauretis. In the third chapter, I look at several of Freud's texts on femininity and female sexuality. I will employ Simone de Beauvoir, Kaja Silverman and de Lauretis to discuss male and female investments in femininity and the identities that are open to women. After this, Jessica Benjamin takes the focus away from individuals and incorporates the other in her theory of intersubjectivity. I end chapter three with Helene Cixous, Julia Kristeva and Luce Irigaray, who all attest to the necessity of symbolic female representation--Cixous proposes a specifically female manner of writing called ecriture feminine, Kristeva introduces the semiotic realm to contend with Lacan's symbolic realm, and Irigaray believes in the need for corporeal Jenna Davis 3 representation for women within a female economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical Psychoanalysis Psikologi Kepribadian
    Classical Psychoanalysis Psikologi Kepribadian Rizqy Amelia Zein 2017-09-14 1 / 67 [1] Image credit: Giphy 2 / 67 Classical Psychoanalysis [...also known as Ego Psychology, Psychodynamics] 3 / 67 First things rst: Instinct! 4 / 67 Instincts (1) Freud denes it as the motivating forces that drive behaviour and determine its direction. Instinct (or Trieb in German), is a form of energy, that is transformed into physical energy and serve its function to connect the physical and psychological needs. Freud argues that human always experience instinctual tension and unable to escape from it. So most of our activities are directed to reduce this tension. People could have different ways to reduce the tension (e.g. sexual drives can manifest in various sexual behaviours). It's also possible to substitute the objects (displacement) and this process is primarily important to determine one's behaviour. Freud coined the terms "life" and "death" instincts, which posit different process of primal motivations. 11 / 67 Instincts (2) The Life Instinct 1. Serve the purpose of survival of the individual and the species by seeking to satisfy the needs for food, water, air, and sex. 2. The life instincts are oriented toward growth and development. The psychic energy manifested by the life instincts is the libido. 3. The libido can be attached to or invested in objects, a concept Freud called cathexis. 4. So if you like Ryan Gosling so much, for example, then your libido is cathected to him. 12 / 67 Instincts (2) The Death Instinct 1. In opposition to the life instincts, Freud postulated the destructive or death instincts.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy
    ninth edition Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy GERALD COREY California State University, Fullerton Diplomate in Counseling Psychology American Board of Professional Psychology $XVWUDOLDä%UD]LOä-DSDQä.RUHDä0H[LFRä6LQJDSRUHä6SDLQä8QLWHG.LQJGRPä8QLWHG6WDWHV Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. About the Author GERALD COREY is a Professor Emeritus of Human Serv- ices at California State University at Fullerton and a licensed psychologist. He received his doctorate in counseling from the University of Southern California. He is a Diplomate in Counseling Psychology, American Board of Professional Psychology; a National Certified Counselor; a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (Counseling Psychol- ogy); a Fellow of the American Counseling Association; and Associated Press a Fellow of the Association for Specialists in Group Work. He also holds memberships in the American Group Psycho- therapy Association; the American Mental Health Counselors Association; the As- sociation for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling; the Associa- tion for Counselor Education and Supervision; and the Western Association for Coun selor Education and Supervision. Along with Marianne Schneider Corey, Jerry received the Lifetime Achieve- ment Award from the American Mental Health Counselors Association in 2011 and the Eminent Career Award from the Association for Specialists in Group Work in 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychoanalytic Theory
    Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Psychoanalytic Theory Theories of counseling- OMC 18th January, 2011 Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Dr Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 n Oldest of eight children n Married with 3 girls and 3 boys n Physician-Biologist – Scientific oriented and Pathology oriented theory n Jewish-anti-religion-All religion an illusion used to cope with feelings of infantile helplessness n In Vienna Austria 78 years till 1938 n Based theory on personal experiences n Died of cancer of jaw & mouth lifelong cigar chain-smoker Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Approach: n Model of personality development n Philosophy of Human Nature n Method of Psychotherapy n Identified dynamic factors that motivate behavior n Focused on role of unconscious n Developed first therapeutic procedures for understanding & modifying structure of one’s basic character Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Determinism n Freud’s perspective n Behavior is determined by n Irrational forces n Unconscious motivations n Biological and instinctual drives as they evolve through the six psychosexual stages of life Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. Instincts n Libido – sexual energy – survival of the individual and human race- oriented towards growth, development & creativity – Pleasure principle – goal of life gain pleasure and avoid pain n Death instinct – accounts for aggressive drive – to die or to hurt themselves or others n Sex and aggressive drives- powerful determinants of peoples actions Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 5 Psychosexual Development: Freudian Concept
    UNIT 5 PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT: FREUDIAN CONCEPT * Tomy Philip Contents 5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Concept of Sexuality 5.3 Psychosexual Development 5.4 Fixation 5.5 Significance of Psychosexual Stages for the Development of Personality 5.6 Let Us Sum Up 5.7 Key Words 5.8 Suggested Readings 5.9 Answers to Check Your Progress 5.0 OBJECTIVES This unit aims at helping the students understand the key concepts of the theory of psychosexual development proposed by a Viennese scholar called Sigmund Freud. It includes the concept of sexuality as understood as per the psychosexual development, fixation in different stages and the significance of psychosexual development for human personality. After studying this unit, you should be table to: understand the concept of sexuality as understood by Freud; list out different stages of psychosexual development; describe the dynamics in each stage of development; explain the concept of fixation; understand the significance of each stage on development of human personality; and appropriate the psychodynamic theoretical framework in understanding human personality. 5.1 INTRODUCTION The theory of psychosexual development, also known as theory of libidinal development, is one of the earliest theories explaining how personality develops in human beings. This theory owes its credence to the findings of Sigmund Freud’s clinical research with emotionally disturbed people. The theory of psychosexual development, however, is an integral part of the psychodynamic personality theory proposed by Freud. Freud is often considered the first psychological theorist to have emphasized the developmental aspects of personality and the decisive role of the early experiences during infancy and childhood in laying down the basic character structure of an adult person.
    [Show full text]