DOCSLIB.ORG

Review of Aid Coordination for Somalia Final Report October 2004

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

REVIEW OF AID COORDINATION FOR SOMALIA FINAL REPORT PETER WILES with Khalif Hassan Farah and Adar Abdisalaam Bakard OCTOBER 2004 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people and organisations have contributed to this review. Thanks are due to all participants for their contributions of time and insights. Special mention should be made of those who contributed to the extensive logistics required for the review, including the Head and Acting Head of the SACB Secretariat and their colleagues, the EC Somalia Unit in Nairobi, the SACB Field Officer and her colleagues in Hargeisa, the staffs of CARE Somalia and the EC Liaison Office in Bosaso, CARE Somalia in Garowe, ACF in Wajid, ADRA in Hudur, SC-UK in Belet Weyne and CRD in Mogadishu. Finally, thanks must go to the members of the Review Working Group for their work, inputs, support and understanding throughout the review process and to Khalif Farah and Adar Barkad for their collaboration and important contributions. THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS REPORT ARE THOSE OF THE MAIN AUTHOR AND IN NO WAY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OR POLICIES OF THE SACB OR ANY OF ITS MEMBER AGENCIES OR ORGANISATIONS. CONTENTS Acronyms Map of Somalia Executive Summary i 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Methodology 1 1.3 Constraints 2 1.4 Introduction to the Report 3 2. Somalia – overview 4 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 The Somalia Context 4 2.3 The Aid Context 6 2.4 The Funding Context 7 2.5 Nature of the Somalia Situation 11 3. Aid coordination –issues & lessons 14 3.1 Introduction 14 3.2 Definitions 14 3.3 Literature on Coordination 15 3.4 Overview and Trends 17 3.5 The Nature of Coordination 19 3.6 Types & levels of coordination 20 3.7 Ingredients for Successful Coordination 22 3.8 Obstacles to Coordination 22 3.9 Post-Conflict Transition 23 3.10 Relationship to Military & Political Actors 26 3.11 Conclusions 28 4. The Development of the SACB & aid coordination 28 4.1 Introduction 28 4.2 Overview 28 4.3 SACB’s Location 29 4.4 Aims & Objectives 30 4.5 Guiding principles of the SACB 30 4.6 Overall Strategies 33 4.7 Peace Dividend 35 4.8 Other Coordination Mechanisms 37 5. SACB structures 39 5.1 Introduction 39 5.2 SACB Membership 40 5.3 Executive & Steering Committees 41 5.4 The EC / UN relationship 43 5.5 Security Management 44 5.5 The Consultative Forum 44 5.6 Sectoral Committees, Working Groups and Task Forces 45 5.7 The Health Sectoral Committee & Working Groups 46 5.8 Governance Sectoral Committee 48 5.9 Humanitarian Response Group 49 5.10 Other SACB Committees and Working Groups 44 5.11 Secretariat Support to the Committees 51 6. Somali Participation in the SACB 53 6.1 Overview 53 6.2 Somaliland 54 6.3 Puntland 55 6.4 South/Central Somalia 55 6.5 Conclusions 55 7. Field Coordination 57 7.1 Overview 57 7.2 Somaliland 57 7.3 Puntland 58 7.4 Wajid/Hudur 59 7.5 Belet Weyne 59 7.6 Mogadishu 59 7.7 OCHA and the SACB 60 7.8 Conclusions 61 8. The SACB Secretariat 63 8.1 Staffing and Management 63 8.2 Secretariat Costs 64 8.3 Tracking Assistance 66 8.4 Information & Communication 66 8.5 Advocacy 68 9. Conclusions 60 9.1 SACB’s Strengths and Weaknesses 69 9.2 Why Effective Aid Coordination is important for Somalia 70 10. Recommendations 71 10.1 Introduction 71 10.2 Some Guiding Principles behind the Recommendations 71 10.3 Options for the Future 72 10.4 Scenarios 73 10.5 Opportunities and Threats 77 10.6 Mandate & Aims 78 10.7 Revised SACB structure 78 10.8 SACB Sectoral Committees and Working Groups 80 10.9 Improving Somali Participation 81 10.10 Field Coordination 82 10.11 Transition (Scenario 2) 83 10.12 Somaliland Scenarios 84 10.13 Communications 84 10.14 Secretariat 85 10.15 Follow-up to this Report 86 Bibliography 87 Annex 1 Terms of Reference 93 Annex 2 Timetable & List of Interviewees 98 Annex 3 SACB’s Mandate, Mission, Aims & Objectives 106 Annex 4 Composition & Remit of Somali Donor Group 109 Annex 5 SACB Executive Committee – Draft ToR 110 Annex 6 General Conditions of SACB Membership 113 Annex 7 SACB Regional Consultative Forums 114 Annex 8 SACB Field Liaison Officer 115 Annex 9 Head of SACB Secretariat 117 Annex 10 Outline of New Secretariat Posts 118 Annex 11 Lessons from Other Contexts 119 ACRONYMS AAH Aktion Africa Hilfe ACF Action Contre la Faim ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency AET Africa Education Trust AHLC Ad Hoc Liaison Committee ANDP Activists Network for Disabled Persons AREU Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit ATA Afghanistan Transitional Administration BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BVO Barwaqo Voluntary Organisation CAP United Nations Consolidated Appeals Process CCA Common Country Assessment CCM Country Coordination Mechanism CCS Committee of Concerned Somalis CEFA European Committee for Training and Agriculture CHAP Common Humanitarian Action Plan CINS Cooperazione Italiana Nord Sud COOPI Cooperazione Internazionale COSONGO Consortium of Somaliland Non-Governmental Organisations COSV Coordinating Committee of the Organisation for Voluntary Service DAREEN Dareen Rural Relief and Development DDR Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration DFID UK Department for International Development DHA United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs DIMU Data and Information Management Unit DRC Danish Refugee Council DRSG Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary General EC European Commission ECHA Executive Committee for Humanitarian Action ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Office ECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Committee ECSU European Commission delegation Nairobi, Somalia Unit EU European Union FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation FEWSNET Famine and Early Warning Network FGM Female Genital Mutilation FOPAG Forum for Peace and Governance FSAU Food Security Assessment Unit GAVI The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation GB Great Britain GFATM Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria GOS Government of Sudan GSC Governance Sectoral Committee GTZ German Agency for Technical Assistance HAVOYOCO Hargeisa Voluntary Youth Committee HEPG Humanitarian and Emergency Policy Group HIF Hiran Inter-Agency Forum HQ Headquarters HRG Humanitarian Response Group IAC International Aid Community IAS International Aid Sweden IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IDP Internally displaced person IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development IMF International Monetary Fund INGO International Non-governmental Organisation IPF IGAD Partners’ Forum IRIN Integrated Regional Information Networks JAM Sudan Joint Assessment Mission JARP United Nations Joint Action and Recovery Plan JLC Joint Liaison Committee LACC Local Aid Coordination Committee LICUS Low-Income Countries under Stress MDG Millennium Development Goal MSF Medecins Sans Frontièrè NGO Non-governmental Organisation NOVIB Nederlandse Organisatie voor Internationale Bijstand OCHA UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OECD/DAC Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development / Development Assistance Committee OLS Operation Lifeline Sudan OSCE Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe PA Palestinian Authority PCP Principled Common Programming PENHA Pastoral and Environmental Network in the Horn of Africa PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers RDC Regional Development Committee RWG Review Working Group SACB Somalia Aid Coordination Body SC-UK Save the Children United Kingdom SDG Somali Donor Group SNRC Somalia National Reconciliation Conference SOWRAG Somaliland Women’s Research and Action group SPLM Sudan People’s Liberation Movement SRCS Somalia Red Crescent Society SRSG Special Representative of the UN Secretary General SWAP Sector-Wide Assistance Programme SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats TA Technical Assistant TAPA Transitional Assistance Programme for Afghanistan TNG Transitional National Government ToR Terms of Reference UN United Nations UNCT United Nations Country Team UNCU United Nations Coordination Unit UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDG United Nations Development Group UNDOS United Nations Development Office for Somalia UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDRO United Nations Disaster Relief Organisation UNHCR United High Commissioner for Refugees UNMIK UN Mission in Kosovo UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services UNOSOM United Nations Operations in Somalia UNPOS United Nations Political Office for Somalia UN RC/HC United Nations Resident Coordinator / Humanitarian Coordinator UNSCO Office of the UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process UNSECOORD UN Security Coordinator UNV United Nations Volunteer USAID United States Agency for International Development VSF-S Veterinaires sans Frontieres - Suisse WAWA We are Women Activists WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organisation WORDA Women Rehabilitation and Development Association WSP War-Torn Societies Project Review of Aid Coordination for Somalia Executive Summary REVIEW OF AID COORDINATION FOR SOMALIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION The SACB Executive Committee set up a Review Working Group in 2003 with representatives from its constituent groups, donors, NGOs and the UN agencies. The mandate of the working group was to examine and review the SACB structures, processes, procedures, data and information flows and documentation at all levels and make recommendations to the SACB Executive Committee for approval. In order to facilitate the review, an international consultant was
Recommended publications
  • Struggling for Peace in Somalia

    Struggling for Peace in Somalia

    Mennonite Central Committee Peace Office Publication April–June 2003 Volume 33, Number 2 Struggling for Peace in Somalia IN THIS ISSUE Somalia, Somalia: What Has Happened 5 Making Peace in the to the Beloved Country? Traditional Somali Way, by Abdullahi Mohamed Shirwa by Chantal Logan 8 Trying to Convince Men or the average American, the name of (the Ogaden region under Ethiopian rule, and Women to Make Peace, FSomalia is tied to the image that was the Côte française des Somalis under French by Fatima Jibrell with Chantal flashed across the world in 1993, of tri- rule, and the Northern Frontier District, Logan umphant Somali youth dragging the corpses which went from British to Kenyan rule) of American soldiers in the dusty streets of would also become part of the new state. 10 Mennonites and Muslim Mogadishu. The recent movie Black Hawk But the dream was never to come true. Somalis, by Bertha Beachy Down has expanded on that image and in the wake of September 11, the word “terror- Worse still, 43 years later, the territory of the ist” has been added to the already marred former Republic of Somalia is split into view of Somalis. Yet, for some Mennonites, three main areas. In the northwest, Somali- those images are not the ones that come to land proclaimed its independence in 1991; mind when they think of Somalis. in the northeast, Puntland declared itself an autonomous region in 1998. The rest of the Unknown to the Mennonite community at country is divided into fiefdoms whose con- large and certainly the international media, trol varies with the fate of local militia, war- Somalis and Mennonites started a relation- lords, or clan politics.
  • Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid This Page Intentionally Left Blank Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid

    Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid This Page Intentionally Left Blank Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid

    ‘Th ank God for great journalism. Th is book is a much needed, ex- haustively researched and eff ortlessly well written recent history of Ethiopia. A book that strips away the cant and rumour, the pros and antis and thoroughly explains the people, politics and economics of that most beautiful nation. A superb and vital piece of work by some- one who clearly loves the country of which he writes.’ Bob Geldof ‘Th e great Ethiopian famine changed everything and nothing. It fun- damentally altered the rich world’s sense of its responsibility to the hungry and the poor, but didn’t solve anything. A quarter of a century on, we’re still arguing about the roots of the problem, let alone the so- lution, and—though there has been progress—Ethiopia’s food inse- curity gets worse, not better. Peter Gill was one of the most thorough and eff ective television journalists of his generation. He was there in 1984 and his work at the time added up to the most sensible, balanced and comprehensive explanation of what had happened. Twenty-fi ve years later, he’s gone back to test decades of aspiration against the re- alities on the ground. It’s a book that bridges journalism and history, judicious analysis with a strong, and often gripping, narrative. Always readable, but never glib, this is a must for all those who think there is a simple answer to the famine, still waiting in the wings. ’ Michael Buerk ‘No outsider understands Ethiopia better than Peter Gill. He com- bines compassion with a clinical commitment to the truth.
  • Topic 4: - the Development of Somalia

    Topic 4: - the Development of Somalia

    TOPIC 4: - THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOMALIA TIMELINES FOR SOMALIA’S DEVELOPMENT: ANCIENT ERA TO PRESENT Ancient c. 2350 BC: The Land of Punt establishes trade with the Ancient Egyptians. 1st century AD: City states on the Somali coast are active in commerce trading with Greek, and later Roman merchants. Muslim era 700–1000: City states in Somalia trade with Arab merchants and adopt Islam. 1300–1400: Mogadishu and other prosperous Somali city-states are visited by Ibn Battuta and Zheng He. 1500–1660: The rise and fall of the Adal Sultanate. 1528–1535: Jihad against Ethiopia led by Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi (also called Ahmed Gurey and Ahmed Gran; "the Left-handed"). 1400–1700: The rise and fall of the Ajuran Sultanate. late 17th – late 19the century: Sultanate of the Geledi (Gobroon dynasty). mid-18th century – 1929: Majeerteen Sultanate also known as Migiurtinia. 1878–1927: Sultanate of Hobyo. Modern era 20 July, 1887 : British Somaliland protectorate (in the north) subordinated to Aden to 1905. 3 August, 1889: Benadir Coast Italian Protectorate (in the northeast), unoccupied until May 1893. 1900: Mohammed Abdullah Hassan spearheads a religious war against foreigners and establishes the Dervish State. 16 March, 1905: Italian Somaliland colony (in the northeast, central and south). July, 1910: Italian Somaliland becomes a crown colony. 1920: Mohammed Abdullah Hassan dies and the longest and bloodiest colonial resistance war in Africa ends. 15 January, 1935: Italian Somaliland becomes part of Italian East Africa with Italian Eritrea (and from 1936, Ethiopia). 1 June, 1936: The Somalia Governorate is established as one of the six governorates of Italian East Africa.
  • Somali Fisheries

    Somali Fisheries

    www.securefisheries.org SECURING SOMALI FISHERIES Sarah M. Glaser Paige M. Roberts Robert H. Mazurek Kaija J. Hurlburt Liza Kane-Hartnett Securing Somali Fisheries | i SECURING SOMALI FISHERIES Sarah M. Glaser Paige M. Roberts Robert H. Mazurek Kaija J. Hurlburt Liza Kane-Hartnett Contributors: Ashley Wilson, Timothy Davies, and Robert Arthur (MRAG, London) Graphics: Timothy Schommer and Andrea Jovanovic Please send comments and questions to: Sarah M. Glaser, PhD Research Associate, Secure Fisheries One Earth Future Foundation +1 720 214 4425 [email protected] Please cite this document as: Glaser SM, Roberts PM, Mazurek RH, Hurlburt KJ, and Kane-Hartnett L (2015) Securing Somali Fisheries. Denver, CO: One Earth Future Foundation. DOI: 10.18289/OEF.2015.001 Secure Fisheries is a program of the One Earth Future Foundation Cover Photo: Shakila Sadik Hashim at Alla Aamin fishing company in Berbera, Jean-Pierre Larroque. ii | Securing Somali Fisheries TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES, BOXES ............................................................................................. iii FOUNDER’S LETTER .................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. vi DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Somali) ............................................................................................
  • Disaster Aid After the 1783 Laki Eruption

    Disaster Aid After the 1783 Laki Eruption

    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 June 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202001.0070.v2 Haze, Hunger, Hesitation: Disaster aid after the 1783 Laki eruption Claudia E. Wieners ∗ aInstitute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy bCentre for Complex Systems Studies, Utrecht University, Netherlands Abstract The 1783-1784 Laki eruption was one of the most severe natural catastrophes to occur in Iceland in historical times (since 1140 years). Vegetation damage by sulphate aerosol and fluorine poisoning caused a massive decimation of live- stock. The impact of fluorine poisoning and sulphate aerosol on human mortal- ity is uncertain, but the loss of animals caused a famine which took many lives. The vulnerability of the Icelandic society to famine is discussed. 18th Century Iceland was a Danish dependency and, despite the abundance of fish in the surrounding waters, a subsistence farming community and thus highly depen- dent on livestock. On the other hand, the farming community possessed coping strategies which mitigated the impact of livestock loss. During the famine, the Danish government was in principle willing to provide relief. However, local authorities in Iceland were slow to ask for help, and did not dare to exploit the means at their disposal (e.g. the right to ban the export of Icelandic foodstuff) without consent from Copenhagen. The Danish officials in turn were unwill- ing to act decisively upon incomplete information. These two factors prevented timely measures. While 4:4 × 105kg of grain were provided for famine relief in summer 1784, the merchants exported 1:2 × 106kg of fish, which greatly aggra- vated the hunger in the second winter.
  • Aid Measures Introduced by Sweden and Denmark for SAS for Damage

    Aid Measures Introduced by Sweden and Denmark for SAS for Damage

    General Court of the European Union PRESS RELEASE No 52/21 Luxembourg, 14 April 2021 Judgments in Cases T-378/20 Ryanair DAC v Commission and T-379/20 Press and Information Ryanair DAC v Commission Aid measures introduced by Sweden and Denmark for SAS for damage resulting from the cancellation or rescheduling of flights in the wake of travel restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic comply with EU law Given that SAS’s market share is much higher than that of its closest competitor in those two Member States, the aid does not amount to unlawful discrimination In April 2020 Denmark and Sweden notified the Commission of two separate aid measures for SAS AB, each involving a guarantee on a revolving credit facility of up to 1.5 billion Swedish kronor (SEK). 1 Those measures were intended to compensate SAS in part for the damage resulting from the cancellation or rescheduling of its flights after the imposition of travel restrictions amid the Covid-19 pandemic. By decisions of 15 April 2020 2 and of 24 April 2020, 3 the Commission classified the notified measures as State aid 4 that was compatible with the internal market pursuant to Article 107(2)(b) TFEU. In accordance with that provision, aid to make good the damage caused by natural disasters or exceptional occurrences is to be compatible with the internal market. The airline Ryanair brought actions for annulment of those decisions, which are, however, dismissed by the Tenth Chamber (Extended Composition) of the General Court of the European Union. In that respect, the General Court confirms for the first time the legality of individual aid measures adopted in order to address the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic in the light of Article 107( 2)(b) TFEU.
  • Assessing the Developmental Role of Foreign Aid in Developing Countries

    Assessing the Developmental Role of Foreign Aid in Developing Countries

    1. INTRODUCTION The concept of aid or Official Development Assistance (ODA) takes root in the Charter of the United Nations adopted during the conference of San Francisco in June 26th 1945. Members were committed “to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples”1. Rebuilding the world economy destroyed by the Second World War and promoting economic development worldwide has been the main concern of the world leaders since the 1950s. The first aid was provided by the United States to its European allies, through the Marshall Plan. The economic motive behind this move was that economic recovery, particularly growth, was hampered by the deficiency of productive capacity and aid affects the level of production by increasing capital stock as well as foreign exchange reserve. The success of the Marshall Plan created strong optimism about the prospects for helping poor developing countries which had just gained independence from their former colonial power. Indeed their development was also constrained by lack of saving, lack of foreign exchange and lack of human resources. And it is obviously wrong to expect that the necessary resources will be provided through market mechanisms, especially in presence of high risk projects, high transaction costs and imperfect information. Foreign aid is thus considered as a powerful tool to cope with the failures of market mechanism and consequently to boost economic growth by augmenting productive investment and technical knowledge (Chenery and Strout 1966). The Development Assistance Group (DAG) was thus established in 1960, became Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in 1961, and a Resolution on Common Aid Effort was adopted in London on 29 March 1961.
  • Aid in the Context of Fragile States: the Case of Somalia

    Aid in the Context of Fragile States: the Case of Somalia

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KDI School Archives AID IN THE CONTEXT OF FRAGILE STATES: THE CASE OF SOMALIA By Hana Hersi THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT POLICY 2016 AID IN THE CONTEXT OF FRAGILE STATES: THE CASE OF SOMALIA By Hana Hersi THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT POLICY 2016 Professor Edward Reed AID IN THE CONTEXT OF FRAGILE STATES: THE CASE OF SOMALIA By Hana Hersi THESIS Submitted to KDI School of Public Policy and Management in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF DEVELOPMENT POLICY Committee in Charge: Professor Edward Reed, Supervisor Professor Shadikhodjaev, Sherzod Professor Kim, Dong-Young Approval as of May, 2016 ABSTRACT AID IN THE CONTEXT OF FRAGILE STATES: THE CASE OF SOMALIA By Hana Hersi From 1980 to 2013, Somalia received more than $14 billion in foreign aid and yet managed to get listed among the most fragile states in the world. With Somalia’s government lack of capabilities and expertise in handling such huge aid flows, issues of accountability arise, as well as concerns of whether foreign aid has by any measures contributed to improving the state's peace, stability, and governance. Statistical analysis was conducted using quantitative, secondary data obtained from the World Bank to observe the relationship between foreign aid, governance, and institutions in Somalia.
  • BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA Copyright © UNDP 2009, All Rights Reserved

    BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA Copyright © UNDP 2009, All Rights Reserved

    ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENT RESULTSBOSNIA AND EVALUATION OF UNDP CONTRIBUTION HerZEGovina Evaluation Office, May 2009 United Nations Development Programme REPORTS PUBLISHED UNDER THE ADR SERIES Afghanistan Jamaica Argentina Jordan Bangladesh Lao PDR Barbados Montenegro Benin Mozambique Bhutan Nicaragua Bosnia & Herzegovina Nigeria Botswana Rwanda Bulgaria Serbia China Sudan Colombia Syrian Arab Republic Republic of the Congo Tajikistan Egypt Ukraine Ethiopia Uzbekistan Guatemala Turkey Honduras Viet Nam India Yemen EVALUATION TEAM Team Leader Evelyn Bazalgette Team Members Alain Thery Ozren Runic EO Task Manager and Team Member Vijayalakshmi Vadivelu EO Research Assistant Tega Shivute ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENT RESULTS: BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Copyright © UNDP 2009, all rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Printed on recycled paper. The analysis and recommendations of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Development Programme, its Executive Board or the United Nations Member States. This is an independent publication by UNDP and reflects the views of its authors. Design: Green Communication Design inc. FOREWORD The Evaluation Office of the United Nations faces numerous challenges, including tackling Development Programme (UNDP) conducts poverty, reducing unemployment, strengthening independent evaluations of UNDP contributions the capacities of public management institu- to development results through its country pro- tions, controlling fiscal deficit and harmonizing grammes. These evaluations are titled Assessment complex administrative structures. of Development Results (ADR). An ADR evalu- ates the relevance and strategic positioning of The international community, including the UNDP support and contributions to a coun- various UN agencies, have played an important try’s development over a specified period of role in the country’s reconstruction and develop- time.
  • HIV / AIDS and Famine in Africa

    HIV / AIDS and Famine in Africa

    Overseas Development Institute DRAFT 1 HIV/AIDS: What are the implications for humanitarian action? A Literature Review July 2003 Paul Harvey Humanitarian Policy Group Overseas Development Institute This is a draft report. Please circulate it as widely as you can. Comments and feedback would be much appreciated. It should be sent to Paul Harvey at [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................1 2 HIV/AIDS AND FOOD SECURITY: a critical literature review ...............................2 2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................2 2.2 The dimensions of the epidemic ..................................................................................3 2.3 Conceptual Frameworks for Understanding HIV/AIDS and Livelihoods ...................5 2.4 Human Capital ...........................................................................................................10 2.4.1 Dependency Ratios and Household Dissolution........................................................13 2.4.2 Knowledge Transmission...........................................................................................14 2.5 Financial Capital........................................................................................................14 2.6 Social Capital.............................................................................................................15 2.7
  • (I) the SOCIAL STRUCTUBE of Soumn SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?

    (I) the SOCIAL STRUCTUBE of Soumn SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?

    (i) THE SOCIAL STRUCTUBE OF SOumN SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?lling A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of London. October 197]. (ii) SDMMARY The subject is the social structure of a southern Somali community of about six thousand people, the Geledi, in the pre-colonial period; and. the manner in which it has reacted to colonial and other modern influences. Part A deals with the pre-colonial situation. Section 1 deals with the historical background up to the nineteenth century, first giving the general geographic and ethnographic setting, to show what elements went to the making of this community, and then giving the Geledj's own account of their history and movement up to that time. Section 2 deals with the structure of the society during the nineteenth century. Successive chapters deal with the basic units and categories into which this community divided both itself and the others with which it was in contact; with their material culture; with economic life; with slavery, which is shown to have been at the foundation of the social order; with the political and legal structure; and with the conduct of war. The chapter on the examines the politico-religious office of the Sheikh or Sultan as the focal point of the community, and how under successive occupants of this position, the Geledi became the dominant power in this part of Somalia. Part B deals with colonial and post-colonial influences. After an outline of the history of Somalia since 1889, with special reference to Geledi, the changes in society brought about by those events are (iii) described.
  • Italian Land Policy and Practice in Ethiopia, (1935-1941)

    Italian Land Policy and Practice in Ethiopia, (1935-1941)

    Haile M. Larebo THE MYTH AND REALITY OF EMPIRE BUILDING: ITALIAN LAND POLICY AND PRACTICE IN ETHIOPIA, (1935-1941) A Thesis Submitted To University Of London In Fulfilment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy School Of Oriental And African Studies February 1990 ProQuest Number: 11010607 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010607 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 TO ADAMA, IY ANN A, MANITO, PAULINE AND BELOVED PARENTS ABSTRACT Apart from being Italo-centric, the vast majority of scholarly work on the short-lived period of Italian occupation of Ethiopia is mainly preoccupied with political events and particularly with their repercussions on international diploma­ cy. With the exception of a few pioneering studies, Italian rule and its impact on Ethiopia is given marginal importance. The present thesis confines itself to one specific key area of Italian policy - land. Search for an outlet to settle Italy’s excess population and deploy its surplus capital, had sustained Italian imperialist ambitions from the 19th century and justified the conquest of Ethiopia against quasi universal international opposition.