IEEE 802.11 Overview (1)

Wireless LANs 2019

รศ. ดร. อนันต์ ผลเพิ.ม Assoc. Prof. Anan Phonphoem, Ph.D. [email protected] Intelligent Wireless Network Group (IWING Lab) http://iwing.cpe.ku.ac.th Computer Engineering Department Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

1 Outline

• IEEEIEEE 802802 StandardsStandards • IEEE 802.11 Overview • IEEE 802.11 Services • History and present of IEEE 802.11

2 Why Wireless LAN not so popular in the past?

• Low data rate • High price • Lack of standard • Proprietary products

3 Types of Standards

• Official Standard • Controlled by an official standard organization • E.g. IEEE • Public Standard • Controlled by a private organization • E.g. Wireless LAN Interoperability Forum • Called “De Facto Standard”

4 Why Std. is so important?

• Interoperability • Multiple-vendor products • Fast product development • Well-tested blueprint • Stable for migration • IEEE 802.3 à 10 à 100/1000 Mbps • IEEE 802.11b à 802.11g à 802.11n à 802.11ac • Price Reduction • Low research & development budget • Increase price competition • Easy to manage 5 IEEE

• Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers • Nonprofit organization • Publication, conferences, accreditation, standard developments • Based in the US. à 150 countries

6 IEEE 802 LAN Std. Family

802 Overview and 802.7 Broadband LAN Architecture 802.8 Fiber Optic 802.1 Network Management 802.9 Isochonous LAN 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) 802.10 Integrated Service 802.3 CSMA/CD - Ethernet Security 1802.3 Conformance Test 802.11 Wireless LAN Methodology for IEEE 802.12 Demand Priority 100BaseVG 802.3 802.15 Wireless PAN 802.4 Token Passing Bus 802.16 Broadband Wireless 802.5 Token Ring Access (Wireless MAN) 802.6 Metropolitan Area 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Network (MAN) : DQDB 802.21 Media Independent

Disbanded / Inactive Handoff 7 IEEE 802 LAN Std. Family

Upper Layer Layer 3-7

802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) Layer 2 Data Link MAC

802.3 802.4 802.5 802.11 Layer 1 CSMA/CD Token Token Wireless PHY Bus Ring LAN Physical

8 IEEE 802.2 LLC

• Data link control protocol • Exchange data between end users across LAN using a 802-based MAC • Independent • Network topology • Transmission medium • MAC

9 IEEE 802.2 LLC services

• Unacknowledged Connectionless • Connection-oriented • Acknowledged Connectionless

8 bits 8 bits 8 bits variable

Dest. SAP Source SAP Control Data

LLC Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

10 Example I

Note: 1. turn off Network manager (top right of the screen) 2. Use airmon-ng to change to promiscuous mode à create mon0 3. Use airrodump-ng to capture and write to file 4. Open file with Wireshark

11 Example II

12 Example III

13 Outline

• IEEE 802 Standards • IEEEIEEE 802.11802.11 OverviewOverview • IEEE 802.11 Services • History and present of IEEE 802.11

14 IEEE 802.11 design concern

• Wireless / Wired LANs Differences • Power management • Switch to low power mode (sleep) • Bandwidth • Compress data, utilize of the available BW • Security • Works with IEEE 802.10 • Addressing • Location / destination address à mobileIP

15 IEEE 802.11 Logical Architecture

• Deliver MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU) between peer LLC • Transparent to higher layer (LLC) • Provide both MAC and PHY functionality • Typically resides in NIC or Access Point Layer 3-7 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) Layer 2 Data Link MAC 802.3 802.4 802.5 802.11 CSMA/CD Token Token Wireless Bus Ring PHY Layer 1 Physical

16 IEEE 802.11 Logical Architecture

• Define the network operation • Topology à necessary physical components

Layer 3

LLC Layer 2 MAC Data Link

Layer 1 802.11 802.11 802.11 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g PHY Physical Infrared FHSS DSSS OFDM HR/DSSS OFDM

17 802.11 MAC Layer

• Provide access control functions • Addressing • Access coordination • Frame check generating / checking • LLC PDU delimiting • CSMA/CA • Cannot Tx/Rx simultaneously

18 802.11 Physical Layers

Radio Frequency • Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) • Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

19 802.11 Physical Layers

Infrared • 850-950 nM, Peak power = 2 Watts • 16-Pulse position Mod, PPM (1 Mbps) • 4-PPM (2 Mbps)

20 IEEE 802.11 Topology

• Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) • Extended Service Set (ESS)

21 Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)

• Stand-alone BSS • No backbone infrastructure • At least 2 stations • Ad hoc Network • Small area Basic Service Set

Cell Boundary

22 Infrastructure Basic Service Set

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10M100M ACT ACT PWR UPLINK

COLCOL • Stand-alone BSS SW ITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 • Connect to backbone infrastructure AP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10M100M ACT ACT PWR UPLINK

COLCOL SW ITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 • Access Point • Small area

Cell Boundary

23 Extended Service Set (ESS)

• Extending range Distributed System Arbitrary size 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 • 10M100M ACT ACT PWR UPLINK

COLCOL SW ITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 • Multiple cells interconnect

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10M100M ACT ACT PWR UPLINK

COLCOL • Need Access Point SW ITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 BSS2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10M100M ACT ACT PWR UPLINK

COLCOL and Distributed SW ITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 system BSS1

24 802.11 Mobility Types

• No-transition • Not move • Moving within a local BSS • BSS-transition • Move from one BSS to another BSS, same ESS • ESS-transition • Move from one BSS to another BSS, different ESS • Guarantee for No-transition and BSS-transition • IBSS & ESS are transparent to the LLC

25 ESS Physical Configuration

• Partial overlap • Contiguous coverage in a defined area • No disruption

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10M100M ACT ACT PWR UPLINK

COLCOL SW ITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10M100M ACT ACT PWR UPLINK

COLCOL SW ITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

26 ESS Physical Configuration

• Physical disjoint • No contiguous coverage àno distance limit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10M100M ACT ACT PWR UPLINK

COLCOL SW ITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10M100M ACT ACT PWR UPLINK

COLCOL SW ITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

27 ESS Physical Configuration

• Physical collocate • Redundant or high-performance network