Vol. 25, No. 24 June 14, 1982
A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS
Premier Zhoo's Visit to Jopon Chino's Progromme for Rurol Development irnproving the t-ut'al econonty HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK (pp. 21-27).
Sprucing Up Beiiing Premier Zhao Visits Japan shadow the second session of the Environmental sanitation and UN General Assembly ()n Sino-Japanese economic co- beauty have become major con- Disarmament. How do the two for operation was central theme cerns in drawing uP Plans a superpowers match their deeds the talks between leaders of urbnn construction. Two of with their words? What at'e bountries. At a TokYo recent Beijing municiPal the two the new features of the arms press c
Joponese Economic Relo- Environmentol Protection an tions Bulgorio Ren Yon BEIJING REV!EW Hu Yoobong on Relotions - Among Communist Porties ARTICLES & DOCUMENTS Deng Xiooping Meets Boker Publirhed cvery Mondoy by US Teocher Ordered to Leove Tokyo: Premier Zhoo's Press BEUINO REVIA^/ Chino Conference 15 24 Boiwonzhuong Rood, Beijing lmprove the Leodership's Work lmpressions of lndio Our The People's Republic of Chino Style Stof{ Writer Wu Jingsheng- l8 Joint lnitiotives tor Developing A Progromme for Current Vol. 25, No. 24 lune 14, 1982 lndustry Agriculturol Work 21 Woter Supply Project tor Tio n jin CULTURE & SCIENCE 28-29 CONTENTS For o More Beoutiful Beijing BOOKS 29-30
31 INTERNATIONAL 10- 14 ART PAGE NOIES FROM IHE EDITORS 3-4 Superpowers' Arms Roce -... Lu UN Assistonce - lnternotionol Shipu Editor Mu Youlin Lotin Americo ond the Con- BtlJlNG REVIEW (USPS No 658-110) is Religious Belief Politicol flict Over Molvinos published weekly lor llSS 1 3 50 per year by Editor An Zhiguo - -Guon Yonzhong Beijing Review, 24 Baiwanzhuang Boad lsroel's New Aggressiori -. Beiiinq, Chrna Second-class postage Paid TETTERS Zhong Toi at San Francisco. CA. Poslmaster: Send Chino Condemns lsroel's lnvo" address changes to China Books & EVENTS & TRENDS 5-9 sion of Lebonon Advonces in the Zimbobwe's Periodrcals, lnc., 2929 24th Sl]eet, San Premier Zhoo Visits Jopon Countryside Guon Yunqiu trancisco, CA 94110 Three Principles lor Sino- ond Li Hong- Notes J'rom the EdlJors
lssistance tries. By the end of 1981, nearly Ull 200 projects were granted to China by the UN organizations. Now you accept aid from the countries. For this purpose They are mostly medium-sized United Nations, which you China has set up seven training and small undertakings in the never did in the past. Does it and research centres for acu- fields of industry. agriculture, mean you have given up the puncture. fish breeding, biogas. conrmunications and transport, policy of selfTreli,anee? the building of small hydro- culture and education, public power stations and other items, health and census. The 21 large Our open-door policy is aimed with encouraging results. at enhancing our ability to rely computers bought with appro- I. on our own efforts. That is to While making donations to priations from the United Na.- say. we will, through economic the various UN organizations, tions Fund for Population Ac- relations with foreign countries China also receives aids from tivities (UNFPA) will play a and making use of foreign the UN, which are contributed significant role in computing funds and advanced techniques, by over 100 member states. Ac- data for China's census slated develop our economy at a faster cording to the UN regulations, for July I this year. granted to International Editor rate than before. Our open- these donationS are - dool policy and self-reiiance economically backward coun- Mu Youlin supplement each other and are not contradictory. After China regained its legit- Religious Beliel imate seat in the UN in 1971, we did not accept UN aid. This Citizens of the People's Re- policy of freedom of religious was because the policy of self- public of China enjoy freedom belief applies to Chi rrese citi- reliance was seriously distorted of religious belief. Does this also zens, but is not suitable for during the "cultural revolu- apply to members of the Chi- Party members. The Party sup- tion. " nese Communist Party? ports citizens' right to believe in religion while simultaneously religious is Towards the end of 1978, we Freedom of belief disagreeing with a religious in- a basic and long-term policy fol- adopted the open-door policy terpretation of the world. As and, with self-reliance :rs the Iowed by the Chinese Com- adherents of Marxism-Leni,n- basis, have since carried out munist Party. The recently re- ism, Party members cannot also economic co-operation u'ith ieased Draf t of the Revised be theists or believe in religion, (see Re- other countries on a footing of Constitution Beijing because these represent contra- t,ieri:. No. 19) "Citi- equality and mutual benefit. stipulates: dictory beliefs. The Chinese We regard economic relatioru zens of the People's Republic of Communist Party demands that with the UN as yet another China enjoy freedom of reli- anyone who applies for Party gious of state. channel of econgmic co-opera- belief. No organs membership should first of all public organizations ol individ- tion with foreign countries. recognize the Party Constitution uals shall compel citizens to As a member state of the UN, which stipulates that the Party believe in religion or disbelieve upholds the world outlook of China has its duties as well as in religion." This shows that dialectical materialism and rights. Chinese Party, the Communist historical materialism and op- which practises atheism, does In the past few years, China's poses the world outlook of ideal- not compel others to disbelieve donations to the various UN ism and metaphysics. There- in religion. It not only respects organizations amounted to RMB fore, Party members should and protects citizens' freedom 20 million yuan. We undertook conscientiously abandon their of religious belief but aiso op- more than 70 proiects for the idealist religious beliefs when poses interference in such developing countries, including they join Party. a Party freedom. the If running training classes, con- member abandons the material- ducting inspection tours, pro- Does this mean that Party ist world outlook, he has the viding the necessary equipment members can also believe in right to withdraw from the and sending experts to those religion? No. certainly not. The Party and believe in religion.
,lune 14, 1982 out in Beijing Reoiew, I believe strength is combined with the in- tETTERS so, then steps being taken to get sincerity of a huckster. Proposals a correct balance in China's made by the aggressors in Afghan- economy and gradually but surely istan and Kampuchea are rarely Struggle to Consolidote improve the life of the Chinese serious, but are "chess moves" to Sociolism in Chino people will raise great mass procure recognition of the acts of enthusiasm and loyalty for aggression. I f.ind Beijing Reoieu to be the the Party and its Central Com- mittee's leadership. A Marxist country must base its best authority on events in China In turn it diplomacy on ,independence and and I read it with great interest will ensure the outstanding suc- scrupulous fairness and honesty. I and try to study it deeply, as what cess of the struggle for the four feel modernizations and that the best feature of Zhou happens to the continuing struggle the consolida- Enlai's diplomacy was that all the to consoiidate socialism in China tion of socialist state power among people one quarter humanity. he dealt with knew that has vital implications for world of his words meant something. As socialism in the next few decades. The progressive people of the evident over Taiwan, it is a step It is therefore with great world are watching anxiously for forward many regimes find hard satisfaction that I have seen the the political and economic results to manage to simply say what they struggle to eliminate such anti- of China's new policies led by the are going to do and then do it. A Marxist positions as one-man new collective in the Central major factor in the trvo World leadership of the Party, the re- Committee of the Party and Gov- Wars was fhe collapse of diplomat- striction of Party and mass democ- ernment of China since the down- ic standards, the treating of in- racy, the evils of anarchy and the fall of the iniquitous gang of four ternational obligations as "pieces destruction of correct socialist le- and theil criminal associates. of paper," the telling of lies about gality justice "final demands" so that finally an and which were com- Hieatt mitted Steve atmosphere of such great interna- at the time of the "cultural Auckland, New Zealand revolution." They were tanta- tional distrust was developed that mount to a return to anarchy and "The Diplomocy of all dealings became impossible. It is the honesty and trustworthiness had nothing in common with the Zhou Enloi" established plinciples of demo- of Zhou Enlai's diplomacy that cratic centralism, the mass line made it possible to seek areas of or collective leadership. The article "The Diplomac)' of agreement and stress them, in- Zhou Enlai" (issues No. 10 and 11) stead of, like all aggressors, playing From reading and studying Bei- was, I thought extremely inter- games of bluff with balls of dy- jing Reuieu. particularly since the esting, informative and signif i- namite. Honesty is clearly a great time of the so-called Tian An Men cant. Central to all modern Prob- contribution made by Zhou Enlai "riots," I have come to believe that lems is the need for the indePen- to world diplomacy. the line of the Chinese Communist dence of nations, and fair, equal A.N. May Party established by the 11th Pariy and friendly relations between all Mexseyside, Britain Congress is basically correct and is countries. But imperialist, hege- being correctly applied by its Cen- monist and colonialist countries The article on Zhou Enlai tral Committee in a way that will use bullying and deceitful methods was a disappointment. The article restore the laith o[ the masses in in their diplomacy. Cynical ex- turned out to be an advertisement, the Party and government. If this ploitation of superior strength, or doing little more than listing, in a is true, and from rvhat is pointed more often fancied superior mechanical way, his many achieve- ments. It must not be forgotten that Zhou Enlai was also a man who cared very much for his coun- The people of some minority ually acquire the world out- try and its people. Somehow, this nationalities in China believe look of dialectical materialism humanism didn't come through. I in religions, such as Isiamism and historical materialism and hope that this might be improved the future. and Lamaism. Religious and break away from the yoke of in national questions are inter- religious belief. 'Seattle,James Wong WA., USA mingled there. Some Party peopled In areas by minority Broodcosting members among them earnestLy nationalities in China, tradi- endorse and implement the tional wedding ceremonies and On the whole, I'm satisfied with Party's line and policies and other customs and mass activi- the special features. I fcund the observe Party discipline, but ties, which were religious in article "Broadcasting Serves the People" carried in issue No. B they still cannot completely origin, have actually become a this year particularly interesting. cast off the impact of their re- component part of their nation- The article describes how the Cen- ligious upbringing. The Party aI traditions. There, since Party tral People's Broadcasting Station organizations do not works and how it serves the peo- simply dis- members can maintain ciose ties ple, particularly the rural labout'- card these comrades. While with the masses by respecting ing people. It offers them weather bringing the political initiative and observing these customs, forecasts and hygienic knowledge of these Party members into full they should not refuse to partic- and provides people living far away from the big cities with im- play, Party organizations do ipate in these activities. portant information. patient painstaking and ideolog- - Political Editor Jose A. Anido Lopez ical work and help them grad- An Zhiguo Carballo, SPain
4 Beijing Retsiew, No. 24 CHIT\I}\ EVTNI'IS & 'TItENIDS
since the normalization of rela- FOREIGN tions in 1972, the relations be- tween China and Japan have RELATIONS grown steadily in the political, economic, cultural and other Premier Zhao Uisits Japan fields. They reaffirmed that it is the solemn responsibility and DREIIIER Zhao Ziyang paid peoples means the long-standing task of the Chinese and Japanese I an olficial visit to Japan traditional f riendship between peoples to ensure the further from May 31 to June 5. This was the two countries and their Peo- blossoming of Sino-Japanese his first visit to Japa.n since he ples' strong desire to remain friendship so that the two coun- became the Premier in 1980. friends from generation to gen- tries will remain good neigh- eration. Both governments have bours for ever. During his visit, Zhao Ziyang taken a positive attitude towards met with Emperor Hirohito and Premier Zhao explained to the promotion of bilateral rela- held talks with Prime Minister Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki tions. Zenko Suzuki. The two sides China's principles and policies exchanged views on the current During the talks, Premiel concerning its four moderniza- international situation and is- Zhao put forward three prin- tions and said that China will sues of common concern in a ciples for the promotion of eco- continue to carry out its open- friendly atmosphere. They also nomic relations between China door policy in economic develop- conscientiously discussed the and Japan. (See box on the next ment and strengthen its econom- question of establishing long- page.) Prime Minister Suzuki ic co-operation with Japan and standing and stable ties of expressed his agreement with other countries. economic co-operation in the Premier Zhao's basic ideas re- Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki spirit of peace, friendship. garding the friendly and co- indicated that Japan appreciated equality and mutual benefit. operative relations between the the present Chinese moderniza- two countries in the decade ttt Premier Zhao tion policy and reaffirmed that said that there come ar-e many favourable conditions Japan r,vill continue to co- for the development of economic The two leaders expressed operate with China in its eco- that nomic development relations between China and .satisfaclion over the fact Japan. These may be summed up as "timeliness. topographical ad- vantages and harmon5' between the peoples." Timeliness means the normalization of diplomatic relations. the conclu.sion of the treaty of peace and friendship and the smooth rlevelopment oI friendly relations between the two countries. International developments have also made it feasible and necessary to en- hance such co-operation. Top- ographical advantages mean that China and Japan are close neighbours separated only by'a strip of water. China is rich in minerals and other resources while Japan possesses advanced industrial technology. They can help supply each other's needs and make up each other's defi- ciencies. Harmony between the Premier Zhao Ziy'ang with Prime Minisk'r Zenko Suzuki.
June 74, 1982 ed, and they should strengthen inter-Party co-operation and Three Principles for Sino-Japanese contribute to the development Economic Relations of the international communi$t movement. During his talks vr'ith Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki on June I, Premier Zhao Ziyang put forward three principles for the Referring to the relations be- promotion Japan. of economic relations between China and tween the Communist Parties of They are: China and the Netherlands, Hu (1) The economic relations between China and Japan should Yaobang said that the Chinese be developed energetically on the basis of their present peaceful .is and friendly ties and in line with the 1972 Joint Statement ol' Communist Party willing to the Chinese and Japanese Governments and the l97B Sino- further increase its relations Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship. with the Communist Party of 12) The economic telations between China and Japan should the Netherlands. steadily develop in scope and depth according to the principles of equality and mutual benefit and proceeding from each other's Henk Hoekstra said that his needs and possibilities so as to help supply each othet"s needs China visit rvas of special im- and make up fol each other's deficiencies. portance to developing the re- (3) The development of economic relations between the two Iations between the tr.,",o Parties. countries, which conforms to the fundamental interests of the and stressed that his talks with two peoples and their aspirations for fliendship from generation the comrades of the Chinese to generation, should be lasting and stable and impervious to international storms- Communist Party were fruitful.
lleng liaoping ileets Baker During his visit, Premier Zha<> lies in the aspirations of the Vice-Chairman Deng Xiao- met also with former Prime Party and people of that country ping met with US Senate ma- Minister Kakuei Tanaka, Takeo and in the correctness of the jority leader Howard H. Baker Miki, Takeo Fukuda, Speaker Party's line and policies. It does Jr. in Beijing on June l. of House of Representatives not depend on any other Party's the They exchanged views on Hajime Fukuda, Speaker of the line and policies. Every Party Sino-American relations. Deng Senate Masatoshi Tokunaga and has successful experiences, un- Xiaoping said that China hopes various circles, successful experiences, and even friends from to maintain its friendship with praised the experiences of failure. There They all the steady de- the United States. He pointed velopment of friendship and co- is no Party in the world which out that only when both sides operation between the two coun- is always correct. A country, a deal with problems confront- nation or a Party has its strong the tries. ing them in the spirit of safe- points as well as weak points. Premier Zhao toured Tokyo, guarding each state's interests Party-to-Party relations, there- Kobe, Osaka, Nara and Kyoto and respecting the other's na- fore. should be established on and was warmly welcomed tional interests can the two these four principles. everywhere he went. countries establish and develoP Henk Hoekstra expressed full good relations and not let their llu laobang on Relations agreement with these principles. relations be impaired. He said that all Parties, big or Among Communist Parties small, in socialist or capitalist Deng Xiaoping reiterated China's principled position on with countries, should be equal. This During his meeting Taiwan issue. He expressed is one of the foundations for' the Chairman of the Communist the hope that the Reagan ad- Netherlands Henk solving crises in the interna- Party of the ministration would take a wise Hoekstra on June 7, Chairman tional communist movement. position for an early settlement Hu Yaobang reiterated the prin- Otherwise, dogmatism will pre- of this issue. ciples of independence, full vail and it will aggravate crises. he equality, mutual respect and Henk Hoekstra said that the Baker expressed that to non-interference in each other's Communist Party of the Nether- would make further efforts develop Sino-American friendlY internal affairs. These four lands firmly opposes any Party's principles were put forward by interference in the internol af- relations. the Chinese Communist Party. fairs of another Party. Com- Senator Baker toured Shang- Hu Yaobang said that the sue- munist Parties are working un- hai. Suzhou and Xian after his cess of any nation's revolution der different conditions. he add- sojourn in Beijing.
ti Beijing Reuieu, Nct. 24 cHlNA *,v:*e?sw tvtNrc & 'IRENIDS
US leacher Ordered to sular convention. The Chinese enterprises to help the reorgani- Foreign Ministry categorically zation work. A total of 747 Leave China rejected the protest and ex- Ieading cadres at the provincial Xinhua learnt from the Chi- pressed regret at the US side's and bureau levels. including the nese Foleign Ministry that on distortion of facts. governors and deputy governors account of violating Chinese law and Party committee secl'e- b1' stealing China's secret infor- taries of Liaoning, Hebei and mation. American teacher Lisa POLITICAL Guizhou Provinces and the Xin- Wichser was detained accolding jiang Uygur Autonom June 14, 1982 than in 1980, and this year's first carrying vessels together with taler $upply Project quarter saw an increase of 23 the Ministry' of Communica- per cent over the same period tions. For lianjin of last year. A system has been By 1989, coal mines with an The construction of a mam- set up for the bureau's staff to annual production capacity of 5 moth project to divert water participate in physical labour milli0n tons will have been from the Luanhe River to the once a week. built by making use of these in- industrial city of Tianjin is now vestments. in full swing. The source of the river is in the northeastern part Hydropower. The Shanghai of Hebei Province in north Chi- ECONOMTC government municipal and the na. Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong and Joint lnitiatiYes lor Heilongjiang provincial govern- By the end of next year, the ments have decided to invest project is expected to supply lleveloping lndustry 875 million yuan in installing or 1,000 million tons of water to Tianjin annually. This will re- To speed up industrial con- expanding L4 generating sets lieve the port city of the serious struction, measures to fully uti- together with the Ministry of water shortage has ex- lize the financial resources of Water Conservancy and Power. it perienced following the expan- both the central and local gov- The 14 sets will have a total sion of industry and growth of ernments are being introduced. installed capacity of 3.2 million population. At one time, part of kw, about 16 per cent of the A recent development is the Tianjin's water supply came capacity power decision made by some provin- total of the from the Miyun Reservoir, built cial, city and county govern- stations now being northeast of Beijing. However, throughout the country. ments to invest a total of more the reservoir's water storage than 1.000 million yuan in Agreements have been signed was reduced due to drought building coal mines and power for eight of the generating sets over the last few years, and it stations together with the which have a combined installed now only has the capacity to Ministry of Coal Industry'and capacity of 1.8 million kw, with supply water to Beijing. Last the Ministry of Water Conser- the local governments investing autumn, the government called a vancy and Power. 430 million yuan. Agreements special meeting on the water will be reached soon for the supply problem in Beijing, Tian- Guangdong, Zhe- Coal. The other six generating sets with a jin and other major industrial jiang and Hubei provincial total installed capacity of 1.4 cities. A decision was made to governments and the Chang- million kw, and local govern- divert the water of the Huanghe zhou city and Wuxi and Kun- ments and industrial enterprises (Yellow) River to Tianjin as a governments shan county in will invest 445 million yuan in temporary measure to meet its Province have signed Jiangsu them. pressing needs. agreements with the Ministry of Coal Industry to invest 500 million yuan in opening coal mines jointly with the ministry. With this form of co-opera- tion, the Iocal government will make investments to in- crease the production capacity of coal mines directly under the central authorities, while the \ t investors will enjoy priority in getting the coal they need. rl-\t The Ministry of CoaI Industry plans to use the 500 million yuan for the technical upgrad- ing of 31 major coal mines and 17 ancillary projects, and also for revamping inland river ports and building coal- 8 Bei,jing Revieut, No. 24 cillNll\ TVINI'TS & 'IRENDS A survey for the present 223- annouaced by the Beijing within a set tinie or they will kilometre water diversion route municipal government. be fined. year, began in June last and the The Provisional Regulations The work to improve the city construction some sections of Concerning Urban Renewal in landscape is led by a "green the started last November. Current- Beijing stipulates that no Iess land" committee under the ly, more than 30,000 construc- than 25 per cent of the width of municipal government. tion workers, including People's a newly built road in the capi- Liberation Army soldiers, are tal should be provided for According to the other docu- working along the planned grassy strips and that landscap- ment, the 15-clause Regulations diversion route. The project in- ing space should account for 25- Concerning Urban Appearance cludes the building of a tunnel, 30 per cent of the total area of and Environmental Sanitation five large pumping stations and a construction project wheth- in Beijing which will come into more than 100 bridges, the ex- er it is a new factory- or new force as of July L, anyone cavation of a 130-kilometre- residential quartens. caught spitting in the street will long channel and yuan. the dredging Beijing has at present 2,734 be fined half a of two small rivers, hectares of green land in the Dumping building materials, areas, The most difficult part of the urban and suburban littering, graffiti and putting up 1949 project is the excavation of the which is 3.5 times the stalls without permission in the figure. Nevertheless, landscaped 11-kilometre tunnel through the streets all these are prohibit- per person the capital - Yanshan Mountain Range to land in ed. Cleaners will be assigned 5.14 square metres (in- allow passage of water at a rate is only to the airports, railway stations. cluding water surface), ranking of 60 cubic metres per second. theatres, cinemas, public recrea- thirteenth among China's 35 The tunnel will be the longest tional centres, parking lots, sce- major cities, and this is far be- of its kind in China. nic spots and comm.ercial cen- hind many other capitals in the tres, and all the streets and res- The entire project will in- world. idential quarters should all be volve 23 million cubic metres of The above document stipu- cleaned up early in the morning. earthwork, 2.47 million cubic is each lates that tree-planting A police hygiene force is metres of stonework and 700,000 any fails citizen's duty. If unit being trained and its work will cubic metres of reinforced con- to tree-planting quotas, its fulfil be assisted by sanitation super- crete. Ieadership be held respon- will visors all over the city. sible and, if necessary, penaliz- Water from the Panjiakou ed. Citizens who fail to Plant It is expected that the two and Daheiting reservoirs, now trees without a good reason wiII documents will help bring a under construction the on be ordered to finish the task new appearance to Beijing. Luanhe River, will be used to generate electric power, ;1;1'ttr ; Ii(:1i., 3*t ra SOCIAL For a More Beautiful Beiiing Keep the environment clean and beautiful and leave suffi- cient space for landscaping when drawing up plans for any urban projects are among fhe rules in two documents recently A mini-garden along the Qianshanmen Boulevard in Beiiing. June 74, 7982 IN IERT\IA'IIONAL RTPORIS & CO}AMENIS Superpowers' Race 1,600 billion US dollars in five Arms years in an all 10 Beijing Retsieu, No. 24' weaponry is also a major field their readiness to fight any type military might. This is the es- of contention. Each super- of war. sence of the rivalry between the power is trying to get the upper two superpowers. Their struggle hand in the conventional arms Results of the Struggle for for hegemony and their arms race; both are attachi.ng greater Hegemony race constitute the root cause of importance to preparations for The arms race is the natural international tension which conventional u'arfare. More result of the struggle for global threatens world peace and than three-fourths of both coun- hegemony. The Soviet Union security, and aggravates the tries' military expenditures are has ,been pushing its policy of danger of a new war. appropriated for conventional expansion and enlarging its It is only reasonable that the units and weapons. sphere of influence by flexing people of the world consider the strength which is The superpowers' arms race is its military main objective in the struggle becoming predominant. The no longer confined to surpass- for disarmament is to halt the ing each other in the quantity United States is determined to arms race and war preparations preserve and quality of weapons. Em- its traditional spheres of the two superpowers. phasis is on real combat readi- of influence by enhancing its -Lu Shipu, ness against the opponent's combat capabilities and charac- Latin America and the Conflict teristics. Their rivalry bears the stamp of confrontation. In Over Malvinas developing nuclear weapons, each has in mind the destruction rnHE Latin American rift with Latin American Parliament in other's nuclear forces of the r the United States and a statement declared Britain's while preserving its own retalia- the European Community caus- military attacks on Argentine tion capability. ed by the confrontation over the territory anil troops "a manifes- In the preparations for con- Malvinas (Falkland) Islands will tation of imperialist policies ventional war, the Soviet have long-term significance. discarded by humanity and emphasis is to reinforce the history." It reiterated its re- swift-attack capability of its Uniting Lotin Americo solve to eliminate all forms of colonialism and oppose any act gigantic tank corps. The United According to Western reports, of imperialism in Latin America. States is determined to improve the spirit of Latin American anti-tank defence systems. its unity has been reborn since Young people of Argentina While Soviet Union is active- the Britain sent its fleet to the and 16 other Latin American ly building ocean-going fleets South Atlantic. Although the countries held a rally in Buenos for cutting the sea routes of the political inclinations of Latin Aires on May 14 to support Ar- West, the United States plans to American states are divergent, gentina's claim to sovereignty build more warships to control the vast majority expressed sup- over the Malvinas Islands. They strategic sea areas with forma- port for Argentine sovereignty called for unity among Latin tions of 15 aircraft-carriers. The over Malvinas Islands at the American countries in their Soviet Union is increasing its meeting of the Organization of struggle against imperialism and capability of dispatching troops American States or in govern- colonialism. Peru stated that it to carry out military interven- ment statements. They have would give Argentina military tion in other countries; the appealed to Argentina and assistance if requested. To aid United States is expanding its Britain to solve their dispute the Argentine people's struggle, rapid deployment forces to cope through peaceful negotiations, Venezuela has volunteered to with all contingencies. thus avoiding military interven-. provide Argentina with 10,000 tion in Latin America by any To summarize, the arms race barrels of oil a day, deposit 1,000 power bloc. between the two superpowers million US dollars in Argentine banks and withdraw 5,000 rnil- and their war preparations have After Britain escalated the lion dollars British developed to an acute and conflict by landing and launch- US from banks. dangerous extent. The compre- ing attacks, Latin American hensive arms race testifies that countries consider the British the United States and the Soviet threat to Argentina an affront Condemning the United Stotes Union are not just engaging in to the national dignity of the The shift in US attitude from empty talk when they declare whole of Latin America. The neutrality to pro-Britain has June 74, 7982 11 INIITR.NIA tIONr\!. TTTPOR tS & COMIAENIS evoked a strong reaction in the norms of international eco- thd European Economic Com- Latin America. Many consider nomic relations. Peruvian munity (scheduled f or this this a betrayal of the US com- Prime Minilster Malnuel Ulloa month) in protest against the mitment to the Inter-American pointed out this sanction sanction. Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance. amounts to declaring an alliance The conflict between Britain The US action will have a of industrial countries to oppose and Argentina has evoked un- long-term negative impact on its a country of the Americas, a foreseen reactions and the con- relations with Latin American third world country. On May 27 sequences go far beyond these countries. They have also Latin American countries decid- two countries. pointed out that the US support ed to suspend the dialogue with Yanzhong for Britain further exacerbates -Guan the conflict and enlarges the danger in the Western hemi- sphere. lsroel's New Aggression The US decision has caused Begin people numerous THE authorities. using over 200 and causing Latin American r the attempted assassina- heavy damage. On June 6, more countries to think that pan- the tion of its ambassador to Britain than 20,000 Israeli infantry American co-operation is inef- as an excuse, sent large num- troops with about 200 tanks and fective. Some countries indig- bers of airplanes to wantonly other military vehicles entered nantly demanded the Head- bomb the residential quarters of Lebanon and advanced north- quarters of the Organization of Beirut and southern Lebanon on ward after crossing the zone con- American States be withdrawn June 4, killing and wounding trolled by the UN interim forces. from Washington DC and others suggested that a new organiza- tion be set up. A Japanese report stated the China Condemns lsrael's lnvasion of Lebanon United States has suffered a de- feat in its diplomacy in Central fn HE spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the and South America. US news- I People's Republic of China issued a Qtatement on June B papers have also admitted that condemning the Israeli aggression against Lebanon. resentment against the United The statement, reads: States in Latin America has in- - Since June 4, the Israeli authorities have, in gross violation creased. Former US Secretary of the principles of international law and in open breach. of the of State Henry Kissinger said ceasefire agreement, carried out bombing raids on Beirut and that the US support for the other areas and mounted a large-scale invasion into southern Lebanon, causing great losses to the lives and property of the United Kingdom has injured Lebanese and Palestinian peoples. these countries' confidence in the Israel's brutal aggression constitutes flagrant US and damaged diplomacy a renewed US provocation against the Lebanese and Palestinian peoples as well immeasurably. as the entire Arab people. It has not only seriously encroached upon Lebanon'Sr sovereignty and territorial integrity, but also gravely worsened the Middle East situation, thus endangering Suspending Diologue With peace and security in the world. EEC The Chinese Government and people have always supported The Latin American coun- the Palestinian and other Arab peoples in their just cause to safeguard independence tries have also condemned the and sovereignty, regain their national rights and recover their lost territories. We strongly condemn the European Economic Community Israeli authorities for the above-mentioned acts of aggression and because it imposed economic express our deep sympathy for the sufferings of the innocenl sanctions against Argentina in Lebanese and Palestinian peoples. We maintain that the national rights of the Palestinian people support Latin must be protected and the of Britain. The sovereignty and territorial integrity of Lebanon respected. Israel American Integration Associa- must implement the UN Security Council resolutions and with- tion proclaimed that this not draw its aggressor troops from Lebanese territory immediately only harms a developing mem- and unconditionally. ber country, but also violates 12 Beiji,ng Retsiew, No. 24 This act of aggression con- bear upon those concerned so with an average of 1,500 hec- stitutes the third viola- that a cessation of hostilities can tares. A total of 563 families tion this year of the Palestine- be obtained. The council re- (3,500 people) have been distri- Israel ceasefire agreement quests the Secretary-General to buted land. Each family is al- signed by Israei and a new debt undertake all possible efforts to located 6 hectares. In addition. in blood incurred to the Leba- e,nsure the implementation of each family receives half a nese and Palestinian people. and compliance with the Se- hectare for building a house. curity Cotmcil ceasefire resolu- Israeli autholities dare to defy The Zimbabwean Govern- tion of last July and to report the international community and ment encourages the farmers to to the Security Council as early public opinion and to manufac- run agricultural co-operatives as possible. The next day the ture pretexts to launch provoca- and go the co-operative road. UN Security Council adopted tions and aggressions because There are some voluntary another unanimous resolution agri- they are sure they have the sup- cultural co-operatives demanding that Israel withdraw in Zim- port of the United States. babwe. We visited all its troops from Lebanon im- a co-opera- tive young people the Tne Israeli actlons have mediately and unconditionally, of near aroused worldwide indignation. Darwin Mountains. It was set up A resolution adopted unani- Aggression leads to re- in October. 1980 by 15 persons; mously by the UN Security sistance and bloodshed deepe,ns now there are 67 members. This Council on June 5 calls upon hatred. All justice-upholding co-operative which owns 1,900 all the parties to the conflict to and peace-Ioving people and hectares of land has a manage- cease immediately and simul- countries should take action to ment committee composed of taneously all military activities stop Israel's aggression and elected representatives. There is within Lebanon and across the work for a just and reasonable a group to lead production. The Lebanese-Israeli border. The settlement of the Middle East co-operative plans to raise council requests all member problem. chicken and pigs and run a farm, states which are in a position to a vegetable garden, a canteen do so to bring their influence to Tai and a carpentry shop. The gov- -Zhong ernment has contributed ox- drawn carts, agricultural tools and a tractor. In 1981 the co- Advances in the Zimbobwe's operative harvested nearly 1,000 bags of maize (a bag equals 90 Countryside kilogrammes) and sold out 600 bags. Twenty-five per cent of its Report From Harare: government has pursued a policy profits was deposiled into the of distributing unused land REAT changes have taken bank for future investment. 1-.t which was redeemed from the \-7 place in the Zimbabwean Five per cent was allocated for white farm owners to those who rural areas since independence repairing agricultural tools and had little or no land. The Zim- in April 1980. Over one million the rest was distributed to the refugees have returned to theil babwean Government has co-{perative members. In addi- bought million homes; agriculture has been re- more than 1.5 tion to food and housing, each hectares stored and developed. The roads and distributed it to member received 100 Zimbabwe and bridges which were destroy- over 14,000 families. It plans to dollars in cash last year. ed during the war have been re- buy 8 million more hectares within the next three years and paired, and schools, medical Troin Agriculturol Codres clinics and stores have been re- settle 132,000 families. To change the face of the built. The countryside is The northeast Darwin moun- advancing. countryside and unleash a spirit tainous area which was one of of self-reliance, a new school the guerrilla bases was ravaged for training agricultural cadres Rurol DeYelopment by the war. Wardamaged build- was set up under President Since independence lhe Zim- ings were everywhere. Today Canaan Banana. The name of babwean Government has put newly built houses, shops, this school means "indom- its stress on building up the schools and health clinics can be itability" and "struggle" and countryside. Eighty per cent seen. A head of a settlement President Banana intends to of fbreign aid has been assign- project told us that the govern- train the students in such a spirit. ed to rural development. The ment bought 19 farms, each Opened up in February of 1981, June 14. 1982 13 INI TERNIE\ TIONAT RtPOfr ts & col f^eN'ts Currently more than 10,000 units take part in this activity. Three per cent of the population participate directly in environ- mental protection. The annual investment for environmental protection accounts f or more than 4 per cent of all invest- ments. In bringing water poilution under control, it is necessary to first conduct a general survey -in order to fully understand the source and extent of the pollu- tion as well as the chances for automatic purification. With this thorough analysis of water Kyle Dam, one of the largest in Zimbabwe. quality, it is possible to begin pollution reduction and preven- this school now has 120 students. government's The policy and tion. At the same time, a unified per cent are demobilized good yielded 50 rain a bumper har- national standard of quality and soldiers. They spend equal time vest last year. The output of a plan for water usage and theoretical practice on study, maize was more than twice as drainage have been mapped out and productive labour. The year, much as the previous by dividing areas into water use graduates will help with running enough to meet the internal de- districts in order to identify and co-operatives and other rural mand and export some. On the eliminate the source of pollu- development projects. decline since 1965, tobaceo plan- tion. Facilities for water puri- The Zimbabwean Govern- tations also made strides for- fication are established in places ment also pays attention to tJle ward. Last year Zimbabwe where pollution sources exist. role of the commercial farms. received 220 million Zimbabwe While treating pollution from They provide 96 per cent of dollars of foreign exchange from industrial production, Bulgaria marketable agricultural produce the sale of tobacco. is striving to implement a re- and 42 per cent of the industrial cycling process for the waste raw materials. Guan Yunqiu and Li Hong water generated by production - units. Air pollution control is pri- Environmental Protection marily carried out in heavy in- dustrial cities and areas with In Bulgaria factories and mines. The main measures are to install dust [r NVIRONMENTAL protection and water has reached 24.5 per cleaning and filtering equip- -L,.1 l6sssurgs are showing signs cent. The deterioration of the ment. In the regions that have of success in Bulgaria after more natural environment has been been polluted or have pollution than a decade of effort. basically prevented. sources, Bulgarians plant pol- lution-resistant trees, such as This Balkan country has elim- In Bulgaria, protection of the dragon spruce and wild pear inated 75.4 per cent of the harm- environment is a component of trees. ful material in its air and has purified 45.6 per cent of its sew- the annual plan tor national Erosion of soil is still a serious age. The air in some severely economic development. Since problem. A 25-year plan to polluted areas around factories the "Act of Natural Environ- bring soil erosion under control, and mines has returned to mental Protection" was ap- which was approved in 1975, is normal and the re-utilization proved in 1967, it became an or- being carried out. rate of industrial waste material ganized social activity. - Ren Yan 14 Beijing Reuieu, No. 24 Artieles & IDoeuments Tokyo Premier Zhao's Press Conference At a press conference in the Japanese press "The promotion of friendly relations of co- club irt Tokyo on June 2, Chinese Premier Zhao operation with Japan," he said, "occupies an Zigang spoke of the results oJ his uisit to Japan important place in China's foreign policy. It and ansusered questions raised bg reporters. is our hope that these relations will not be af- Follousing is the couerage of the press confer- fected by vicissitudes in the international situa- ence. Ed. tion and that they benefit the people of the two - countries and serve the interest of peace in the Asian-Pacific region and the world at large." Aim of Japan Visit Attained Speaking of the international situation and China's foreign policy, Premier Zhao said that the current international situation is growing pREMIER Zhao Ziyang told the press confer- more tense and turbulent. The independence, r. ence that he had visited Japan mainly to security, sovereignty and territorial integrity of exchange views with Japanese Prime Minister some countries are being subjected to violation Zenko Suzuki on the international situation of and intervention. Peace in the Asian-Pacific common concern and to further develop Sino- region and the world is gravely threatened. Japanese relations. "This purpose has been at- tained," he said, "China has consistently adhered to an in- dependent foreign policy. It firmly opposes he- Zhao said: "Prime Minister Suzuki and I gemonism and safeguards world peace. China have reviewed with satisfaction the develop- has always extended support to peoples oI ment of friendship and co-operation over the various countries in their struggle to win and past 10 years since the normalization of rela- defend national independence and safeguard tions between the two countries, and reaffirmed state soveteignty, and has always stood for de- the great significance of the normalization of veloping state-to-state relations on the basis of 'Coexistence," relations and the conclusion of the Treaty of the Five Principles of Peaceful Peace and Friendship Between China and Japan, he said. "We have earnestly discussed the necessity and possibility of estab- lishing a system of eco- nomic co-operation be- tween the two countries which is based on the three-point principle peace and friendship.- equality and mutual- benefit. and long-stand- ing stability. "We agree that it is lhe common task of the governments and peoples of the two countries to further consolidate and develop their bilat- eral relations of friend- ship and co 15 composition of products and readjust technical structure and the organizational structure of enterprises. It will mean rationalizing China's economic structure, management system and organizational work with the main purpose of striving for high economic returns. "AI- though it is still called readjust- ment, it will bear quite dif- ferent implications," he said. J The Chinese Government envisages a plan that starts from the Sixth Five-Year Plan period and continues through Premier Zhao planting a sapling of the Chinese "Qionghua" tree at the whole of the 80s, he said. the Toshodai Temple in Nara. Besides technical transformation in the present enterprises, China wants to concentrate on the construction On Prospects for Sino-Japanese of key projects, exploit energy and other re- Economic Co-operation sources, construct communications and transpor- tation projects and readjust the technical Co-operative exploitation of China's energy structure. and other resources will be a new aspect of Premier Zhao said he thinks that the two Sino-Japanese economic and technological cc. countries have much to do in their economic operation, according to the Premier. and technical co-operation whether in the tech- He said that China's policy of readjusting nical transformation of present enterprises or in its national economy was first announced in major construction projects. Sino;Japanese co- 1979. In 1980 and 1981, readjustment was cori- operation in exploiting energy and other re- ducted on a considerable scale. It achieved bet- sources and in the construction of basic instal- ter results than had been anticipated. The main Iations will be indispensable to both countries. objects of readiustment envisaged at that time When asked if Sino-Japanesb co-operation were improved relationships between accurnu- will be extended to the military field, Premier lation and consumption, a better proportion Zhao said: "I have never heard the Chinese say among agriculture, light industry and heavy in- that Sino-Japanese co-operation will be extend- dustry and a curtailment on capital construction. ed to the rnilitary field. During the late Japa- nese Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira's visit to AII this has been done in accordance with China in 1979, he spoke about Japan's three China's strengths at the present stage. The work principles governing Sino-Japanese economic of readjustment in these areas has been basical- co-operation. The first principle excludes mili- ly completed. tary co-operation. We raised no objection then; In his report delivered to the Fourth Ses- we understand and respect the position taken sion of the Fifth National People's Congress, the by the Japanese Government." Premier proposed that China continue to carry out the policy of readjusting, restructuring, con- solidating and improving during the Sixth A Severe Test Facing Sino-US Relation5 Five-Year PIan period. However, he said, readjustment in the com- Answering questions about Sino-US rela- ing five years "will not be that in its original tions, Premier Zhao said: "Sino-US relations sense." It will not mean discontinuing projects are confronted with a severe test. The key or retrenchment. It will aim to reshape the problem lies in the continued US arms sales to 16 Bei.ji.ng Retsieu, No. 24 I Taiwan. Our two countries have held many als of nuclear and conventional weapons pos- talks on this issue. During the recent visit to sessed by the United States a4d the Soviet Union China by US Vice-President George Bush as en- pose a grave threat to world peace. They should trusted by US President Reagan, talks focused first of all reduce their nuclear and conventional on the question of US arms sales to Taiwan. We weapons. This is their unshirkable responsibility. believe that the talks have enabled US leaders But I doubt whether they can first carry out to have a deeper understanding of China's large-scale nuclear weapon reductions just by principled stand towards the US arms sales to holding bilateral negotiations. It needs pres- Taiwan." sure and supervision by the international com- munity and all peace-loving forces." He added that Vice-President Bush convey- ed President Reagan's wish for the solution of "China endorses the US-Soviet talks on the this problem. "We expressed our welcome to reduction of nuclear weapons. It maintains that his approach," disarmament should include the' reduction of nuclear and conventional weapons. The United "Generally speaking," he said, "direct con- States and the Soviet Union, the two super- tacts between the leaders of China and the power:s, should first of all reduce on a large United States have been beneficial. I hope these scale their nuclear and conventional weapons." contacts will be helpful to the settlement of this difficult issue between the two countries." During the talks, both sides agreed to continue On lssues of China's State Ghairman negotiating on the issue. And Population "As to the impact of the US insistence on continued arms sales to Taiwan." Premier Zhao When asked who will be Chairman of said, "I am sure it will be a serious and nega- China, Premier Zhao said that the draft of the tive one." revised constitution has just been made public for discussion by the people throughout the "The development of Sino-US relations is country and will be adopted at the Fifth Ses- certainly conducive to peace and stability in the sion of'the Fifth National People's Congress to Asian-Pacific region and the rest of the world. be held at approximately the end of the year. China attaches importance to Sino-US relations. If there is no further revision on the draft of China hopes that Sino-US relations will con- the Constitution and if the Constitution to be tinue to develop rather than be suspended or adopted calls for a state chairman as the state retrogress." system requires, the state chairman will be He pointed out that the issue of US arms elected during the latter half of next year. That sales to Taiwan is "an issue of principle con- means, he explained, that there will be at least cerning whether to respect China's sovereignty one and a half years to go before the state chair- or to interfere in its internal affairs." man is elected by the National People's Con- gress. He stressed that China will develop Sino- US relations only on the basis of the principles "As you know, it is impossible to be sure of mutual respect for each other's sovereignty who will be the state chairman one and a half and non-interference in each other's internal years ahead of time," the Premier told the press affairs. circles. He added that the state chairman will be "We are willing to solve the issue, left over elected by the National People's Congress. Be- by history, of US arms sales to Taiwan together fore that, the Central Committee of the Chinese with the United States on the basis of the prin- Communist Party will discuss the issue and ciples agreed upon by both sides in the Shanghai consultations will be held with the democratic Communique and the Communique on the Es- parties. tablishment of Sino-US Diplomatic Relations." In answering a question about China's pop- ulation, Premier Zhao said. "China now has a On US-Soviet Nuclear Arms Reduction population of 996 million, not including that of Taiwan Province." He told Japanese reporters When asked about his view on the US- that China will conduct its third census begin- Soviet talks on the reduction of strategic nuclear ning July 1. After which time he will be able weapons. Premier Zhao said: "The huge arsen- to provide the latest and most precise figure. E June 74, 7982 17 lmpressions of lndia by Our Staff Writer Wu Jingsheng Wu Jingsheng, an editor of "Beijing Re' the West, was written on the basis of the trip uielfi's" international department, Disited ltudia by Xuan Zhuang (602-664 A.D.) to India for from Apri.l 29 to Mag 14 u:ith a delegation oI Buddhist scriptures during the Tang Dynasty Chinese journalists. Follotoing is his reytort. and has so far remained popular among the _ Ed. Chinese people. In the Baima Monastery in Luoyang, Henan Province, the tombs and the qINCE I returned from my two-week stay in tombatones of two celebrated Indian monks tJ India, scenes of New Delhi's large lawns, erected under the reign of Emperor Ming Di Calcutta's bustling streets, Bombay's beautiful (58-75 A.D.) of the Han Dynasty have been well- coasts, picturesque Banglore and the magnificent preserved. palaces of Jaipur are still fresh in my memory. Statues of and monuments to anti-British I was most impressed, however, by the friend- heroes stand in urban streets as reminders of ship between the Chinese and Indian people. the history of imperialist and colonialist oppres- The friendship was expressed in the senti- sion. During that humiliating period, India was ments and tacit mutual understanding of the reduced to a colony and China a semi-colony. two peoples rather than in red carpets or bou- This similar experience makes it easy for the quets stringed with sandalwood beads which people of the two countries to sympathize with are commonly used te welcome guests. Histor- and understand each other. The Chinese peo- ically speaking, China and India are both ple will never forget that during those difficult civilized ancient countries which had contacts years when the Chinese people were heroically before Christ. The palaces, temples and carved fighting the Japanese aggressors, India sent a stone statues we saw in India, though different medical team to support China. During that in shape from those in China, are not strange period, the great internationalist fighter Dr. to us. China's legendary novel, Pilgrimage to D.S. Kotnis devoted his young life to the Chi- nese people's cause of na- tional liberation. This time we made a special trip to Bombal' to see his relatives. In his younger sister's house, we saw -Chairman Mao's inscription, written on the oc- casion of Dr. Kotnis' death, hung on the wall. Now, four of the team's five members are dead and only Dr. B.K. Basu is still iiving. We saw him at a banquet. His robust health and his frank and open way of talking im- pressed us wiih a cordial feeling. L Historically, China and India had common sufferings and friendly contacts; and their dif- journalists printing plant today, despite Chinese visiting the of the are Rajasthan Patrika. ferent social systems, theY I8 Bei.jing Reutetu, No. 24 confronted with similar problems. They are both working hard to develop their national economies and build their countries. "What is the problem which concerns the Indian people most?" I asked an Indian friend. "Raising the people's standard of living," he replied without hesitation. Since its independence, India has made significant economic and cultural progress, especially in industry, grain production, science, technology and education. Itrowever, statistics indicate that 48 per cent of the nation's total population lives below the poverty line. This results from many factors, one of the most important being the rapid growth of population. India's population has exceeded 680 mil- lion. Although its birth rate has declined some- what in recent years, India's population is still growing. This obviously has a negative im- pact on per-capita income. Such a dangerous phenomenon is also a topic of discussions among the Chinese people, because China has nearly one-third more population than India. Last June, Indian Prime Minister Indira Tu'o Indian girls carrying waler. Gandhi proposed a popular birth control move- ment in an attempt to curb population growth. Despite the pressure of its rapidly increasing The Indian Government responded by allocating population. India's grain production has made a large sum of money. While in Punjab, much headway. A report of the Indian Agricul- we were told that contraceptives and contracep- tural Ministry shows that India's grain output tion treatment are free. Anyone ready to be in the 1981-82 fiscal year is 134 million tons, an sterilized can get a subsidy to make up for his or increase over the previous year. This should be her wage loss. Food and transportation fees tcl attributed. to the Central Government and the and from the hospital are paid by the govern- governments oI .some of its federal states. In ment. In New Delhi, we visited Lok Kalyan order to grow more grain, they are popularizing Samiti, a small but well-equipped hospital. It has high-yield strains, expanding the areas under a family planning clinic which provides birth irrigation, increasing the use of fertilizers and control infbrmation. It also performs abortions insecticides, increasingl agricultural expenditure and passes out contraceptives. Each day, people and expanding rural credit. visit the hospital for abortions and contracep- About 40 per cent India's 140 million tives. of hectares of arable land are under irrigation. On According to the Indian Government's birth the way from New Delhi to Jaipur, we saw that control plan, the birth rate will drop from the part of the desert in the state of Rajasthan has present 33 per thousand to 21 per thousand by become green and a 445-kilometre-long canal is the year 2000. A UNI reporter who came to under construction. When completed. the canal land. Beijing to cover the Asian Conference of Parlii- will irrigate 1.254 million hectares of mentarians on Population and Development last In New Delhi, we visited the Indian Agri- year said that because of social and religious cultural Research Institute, which is the oldest reasons as well as custorris and habit, the family and largest of the country's 34 agricultural in- planning drive encounters obstacles. From 1975 stitutes. It has produced many new high-yield to 1977, the Gandhi administration used manda- hybrid wheat strains and many dwarf rice tory means to promote birth control, but failed. strains. The dwarf wheat variety of Arjun has Since returning to office, she has used persua- a high yield and is resistant to diseases and sion to get people to accept family planning. lodging. With 15 disq[plines, the institute com- June 74, 7982 ,rr 19 bines education, research and production. This capved woodwork. We visited a shoe factory. approach has helped solve many practical prob- Jointly operated by five partners, the factory has lems. It has also produced several cultivation a capital of 1.8 million rupees, 175 workers and programmes designed to grow four crops a its turnover last year was 15 million rupees. Its year. For instance, the programme potato products are exported to Europe and America. from October to December, wheat from -January Such small factories play an important role in to April, mung beans from April to June and providing daily necessities and alleviating un- maize from July to September can produce 16 employment. tons of grain from a hectare of- land. The other scientific research units we visited in India, Some Indian f riends did not hesitate prob- such as the Indian Institute of Science in Bang- to tell us that there are stilL some people's as lore, emphasize the application of science lems in the livelihood, such all jams, and technology to solving problems of produc- traffic housing shortages and unemploy- tion and life. ment. Some people still live in slums. The rich- and-poor polarization exists and there are beg- India's effort to increase production with gars on the streets. The Indian Government and high-yield strains made it possible for India not people 'are taking measures to change their to import grain for three successive years from backwardness and poverty. 1978. This is a great achievement. In terms of Both China India developing.coun- per-unit output, per-capita grain and depend- and are tries and are working hard to eliminate poverty. ence upon the weather, there are still some prob- However, each has its own experience and lems in India's agriculture. Shortly before we problems. India's experience developing left New Delhi, we read an article in lndian in modern industries, increasing grain output and Erpress under the title Brings Tears to "Rain boosting educational undertakings worth Rural Delhi." The article said that wheat in is China's study. If the two countries enter into many villages on the outskirts of the capital friendly contacts in a wider scope and learn was inundated by a heavy rain and the from each other, that will not only benefit the peasants per the expected to lose 70 cent of construction of both countries, but also promote crop. mutual understanding and the development of his The Indian Government has made great e.t- friendly relations. While meeting us in forts to develop its national industry. India mother's official residence, Rajiv Gandhi, Mem- has strict restrictions on the import of foreign ber of Indian Parliament and elder son of cars. No imported recorders and TV sets are Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, said on April 30 to be seen on the Indian market. Most of the cars that India and China have many things in com- we saw in big cities are of two home-made mon. He also said: "Our two countries can brands: Ambassador and Premier. In Calcutta, exchange experiences, from which both of us can we visited the Hindustan Motors, the Ambas- benefit." This is also the Chinese people's aspi- sador-brand car producer. The factory has ration. Chinese Foreign Minister Huang Hua technical co-operation with the US General said while on a visit to India last year: "Both Motors. But it conducts designing and innova- China and India belong to the third world and tions independently. have many points in common. can learn from and co-operate with each other in many India pays much attention to labour-inten- fields in order to achieve common progress and sive industries, especially small enterprises. We development." were told that small factories with a capital of no more than 2 million rupees account for 80 While visiting India, we niade extensive per cent of total business and turn out 30 per contacts with our Indian counterparts. Both cent of the total industrial output value. In sides hope the mass media can serve as a bridge, the state of Tamil Nadu, for instance, there is not a wall separating us. The media should play a Small Industries Development Corporation a role in promoting the development of friendly which has 47 industrial estates. The Guindy in- relations between the two peoples. The border dustrial estate in Madras includes 250 small fac- problem left over from history should not be tories, each of which has a work force ranging an obstacle hindering the development of re- from 10 to more than 100 people. They pre lations between the two countries. The friend- duce shoes, transistors, fire extinguishers, slain- ship which has existed for millennia should Iess steelware, aluminium utensils, matches and continue. D 20 Beijing Reuieu, No. 24 a A Programme for Current Agricultural Work The "Summarg oJ the National Conference numerous widely divergent areas. Egalitarianism on Rural Work" released by the CPC Central with "everyone sharing the meal in the same Committee on April 6 is another programmatic big pot," which long pervaded the co.llective document on the Party's work in rural, areas, economy, has been overcome. By improving lollowing the adoption of the Decisions on Some the organizations of the labour force and the Questions Concerning the Acceleration of methods of remuneration, the system changed Agricultural Deaelopment (DraJt) (see "Beijing the long-standing overconcentration of power in Reuieto," No. 77, 1979) at the Third Plenarg the hands of rnanagers and the mechanical ap- Sessiorz of the Party's 77th Central Com,mittee plication of operational policies. held in 1978. The collective economy, with a range of The conference LDas held, by the Party Cen- organizational scales and methods of operation, tral Committee towards the end of 1981. The is still the major rural economic form. Coexistent programm,e systematicall,y sums up the etyteri- with it are state farms, and the household-based ences gained in the recent yearl readjust,ntent economy which is playing a supplementary role. and restructuring oJ the rural economg. lt de- This structurally varied socialist agricultural fines and, soloes some new problems encountered economy is conducive to the development of the in practical work and charts further rneasures social productive forces and the fuII disptay of for rural deuelopment. Follotoing is a slightl,y the superiority of the socialist system. It will abridged translati.on of the document.-Ed. undoubtedly have a positive influence on our rural economic construction and on social de- I T the heels of the adoption ot the decision velopment as a whole. a r on accelerating agricultural development, the Party Central Committee decided upon a Various localities' successful implementation series of measures to raise the purchasing prices of the Party's policies on agriculture, formulated of farm produce, to maximize the effectiveness after the Third Plenary Session of the 1lth of the responsibi.lity system for agricultural Party Central Committee, indicates the overall production and to develop a diversified economy. correctness of the policies. Meanwhile, it carried out economic readjust- ment and restructuring in rural areas. A1I of these were enthusiastically accepted by the peasants and boosted the growth of rural economy. The peasants have raised a number of questions encountered in practice. These mr:st be solved in good time so as to ensure sustained, all-round development. The Responsibility-System (1) More than 90 per cent of the production teams across the nation have adopted some form of the responsibility system. The large-scale changes have come to an end, and the focus of our work is to sum up experience, perfect the system and stabilize the situation. The progress in establishing the system mir- rors the strong desire of the peasants to boost socialist agriculture in line with concrete con- Commune members oI Dai nationality in Yunnan ditions. The system has proved adaptable to Province apply fertilizer, June 14, 1982 21 Since the transformation is so extensive gains and losses. But this is based on the public and cornplicated, involving hundreds of millions ownership of the land, with the peasants and of people, the emergence of problems is predic- the production teams maintaining a contracting tably unavoidable. We should strive to relationship. maximize the effectiveness of the responsibility The collective still administers the utiliza- system for agricultural production. From now tion of the land, large-size farm tools and water on, except in a few districts and communes and bonservancy facilities. The production team production brigades, the responsibility system subjects itself to the guidance of the state plan should be stabilized in the rural areas as a and retains a portion of the earnings to provide whole. Leaders at various levels should conduct subsidies for members of revolutionary martrys' thorough investigations of the grass-roots families, soldiers' dependants and people who organizations to help sum up their experiences have financial difficulties. and solve problems in order to further improve the system. Some production teams also engage in agri- cultural capital construction under unified (2) Chinese agriculture must adhere to the planning. These activities differ from the road of socialist collectivization. The public private individual economy that existed before ownership of land and other basic means of the cooperative transformation of agriculture' production will remain unchanged for a long They are a component part of socialist agricul- time to come. So will the responsibility system tural economy. 'With the development of the for agricultural production for the collective productive forces, this form of responsibility economy. system will gradually develop and improve. The various forms of responsibility system (3) In introducing the responsibility system in force at present include paying remuneration for production, more than 80 per cent of the according to a short-term contract, paying sea- production teams have adopted the method of sonal remuneration ior specialized farm work paying remuneration according to output. done, also according to a contract, fixing Generally speaking, this form calls for contract- output quotas based on production groups* and ing. It can co-ordinate appropriately the rela- alloting work to individual households**. tionship between the collective and individual Whatever form is currently being implemented interests, simultaneously displaying the role of should remain in force unless the peasants collectively unified management and the in- demand changes. dividual peasant's power of decision-making. Some people believe that the production Hence its welcome among the peasants. responsibility system is just a form of "alloting The various forms of responsibility system work to individual households," which means are the result of flexible implementation of individual farming achieved by dividing up the contracting in light of local conditions. In some collective land and properties. This is a mis- places with poor €conomic development, there understanding. are no distinct technical dlvisions, farming is Since the implementation of "alloting work the main eiconomic activity, and collective side- to individual households," many production Iine occupations are trndeveloped. There the teams haVe begun to operate with each house- land is contracted out according to the propol- hold as a basic unit, responsible for their own tion of labour power to the number of persons, or according to the average ability of the labour developed * Under both these forms, peasants contract force. In the relatively economically with the production teams to ploduce a particular communes and production teams which have quantity of a crop or product. This amount must highly specialized technical and occupational be delivered to the collective, with the remainder divisions, c,ontracts are written for each econom- going partly peasants as or wholly to the themselves for-estry, animal reward. As members of the collective they also re- ic specialty, such as farming, ceive an allotment which is apportioned from the husbandry, sideline occupation, fishery or collective produce. The specialization contracts industry. In some places, the two methods are divide labour according to specialized jobs while the introduced in a mixed way to suit local condi- production-group contracts do not specify a division of labour. tions. *' The contractors deliver to the production Some odd jobs may be contracted to teams the part retained by the collective, with the the individual labourer or household. Those remaining part belonging to the peasants them- that need co+peration may be contracted out selves. They do not receive an allotment from col- reflects lective distribution. to groups. Whatever the form, it only 22 Beijing Retsieto, No. 24 the scale of the labour organization required, and is not itself an indication of progress or regresslon. Alloting work to individual labourers, households or production groups is a very simple method of production welcomed by the peasant masses. With this method, peasants hand over to the collective only a defined por- tion of their yield and there is no need for book-keepers to determine work-points for them. But it is suitable only in places where scattered operations or management are most needed. In other places where sideline occupa- tions account for a significant portion of the A producaion aeam's brick kiln in Wuwei County, earnings, and there are complexities in the eco- Gansu Province, nomic relationsnips and the utilization of labour, the equal exchange of labour needs a unified calculating standard for unified distri- should be exercised over the occupation of bution in order to balance reasonably the cultivated land, especially of vegetable-growing earnings in various occupational categories. land on the outskirts of cities, by government offices, enterprises, organizations, army units, In summary, each form of contracting has schools, communes, production brigades or its own a June 14, 1982 ,i1 23 stipulate the parties' contributions towards the nomic integration in the rural areas. These co- construction of public utilities, their family operatives should be gradually reformed. Each planning quotas and their quotas of grain for province can choose one or two counties to carry the state. out the following experiment: Run the supply and marketing co-operatives at the grass-roots lmproving Rura! Commodity Circulation level as a form of cooperative commerce; take in more shares from the production teams and (7) The current financial resources of the individual peasants on a voluntary basis; dis- state require a basic stabilization of the purchas- tribute the profit in the form of dividends ac- ing prices for agricultural and sideline products cording to the amount of shares and amount of during the foreseeablb future. We cannot pin agricultural and sideline products sold to the our hope of increasing the peasants' income on state; introduce democratic management and raising purchasing prices or lowering purchasing combine the management of the co+perative quotas. We can only depend on t}e develop- with the economic interests of the peasants. ment of commodity production and production (10) It is necessary to open up and of more marketable goods. strengthen the channels of commodity circulation (8) Agricultural economy is an important by every available means. The state commercial part of the national economy and its major com- departments and rural supply and marketing ponent must be the planned economy, with reg- ceoperatives must make full use of existing in- ulation by the market playing a supplementary stitutions, overcome the limitations in commu- role. The policy of state monopoly of purchasing nication between the localities, organize com- and marketing of grain, cotton, edible oil and modity circulation according to economic laws other products must be upheld. and do a good job in marketing. Reasonable and basic quotas for second- (11) It is necessary to carry out on-the-spot priority agricultural and sideline products (such processing, select the choice products and to as meat, poultry and eggs), which are decided comprehensively utilize agricultural and sideline by the state, should remain unchanged for a few products under the precondition that the years. On products for which it is difficult to established quotas are handed oYer to the state. determine purchasing quotas, a reasonable ratio In addition to the development of processing should be ascertained between the proportion industries run by the communes and production purchased by the state and that kept by the in- brigades or teams in the rural areas, the com- dividual producers. mercial departments can also process agricul- products they purchase, or As for that portion above the basic quotas, tural and sideline process the communes and the state may purchase all of some products, it them together with production or they can entrust the job to may purchase a portion of other products, while teams, peasant still others should be left entirely to the com- households. munes and production teams or the individual peasants. Agricultural Science and Technology The prices of products that exceed the basic (12) Agriculture can absorb the fruits of quotas should be allowed to fluctuate within a scientific and technological research in many certain range in line with the supply and de- fields and thus become a knowledge-intensive mand of the market. Peasants on the outskirts productive sector. While giving full play to our of cities should be encouraged to grow more country's traditional agricultural techniques, vegetables. Ircng-standing vegetable-growing wider use of the results of modern science and plots should not be used for other purposes so technology to reap greater economic results and that the vegetable supply to tlre cities can be maintain the ecological environment with less guaranteed and improved. The contract system investment and lower consumption of energy must be publicized and gradually adopted in will change the outlook of our countryside. 'order to improve the corcrdination between the (13) In carrying out agricultural scientific tasks set by the state plan and the peasants' own research, it is necessary to mobilize all forces to priorities production. for work out a plan for key projects, such as breed- (9) Supply and marketing co-operatives in ing higher quality varieties of crops, improving the countryside are a major channel for econom- the cropping system and cultivation techniques, ic exchanges between the cities and the coun- scientific application of fertilizer and rational tryside. They are also a bond to promote ece use of water, developing new effective and low- 24 Beiji.ng Rersiew, No. 24 &.6. :l & E.d.t bodies of colleges and universities of agricul- tural sciences and improve their working condi- tions. Middle schools at or below the county level should include agricultural courses in their curriculums. Some middle schools in the rural areas may be converted into agricultural tech- nical schools. Both agrisultural colleges and secondary agricultural technical schools should shoulder the task of training cadres who are now working in the countryside, (17) The vast countryside is presently ex- periencing an upsufge in the number of peasants seeking to Iearn and use science. Agroscientists and agrotechnicians should devote their energy to agricultural production and unselfishly give the peasants whatever assistance they cart pre vide. In the future, graduates of colleges and universities as well as secondary vocational schools will be assigned jobs as technicians at Two members of one of the many peasants' associa- the commune level every year. ,They will enjoy tions for science popularization in Jilin province, the same status as cadres. All localities may hold examinations for self.taught peasant techni- toxic insecticides and publicizing agricultural cians at regular intervals, issue diplomas and mechanization in a selective rnanner. grant technical subsidies to them. They should find employment for the most accomplished. (14) It is necessary to restore and strengthen the institutions for popularizing agri- Enhancing Economic ResultS and cultural technology at various levels and to rein- !mproving Production Gonditions force the contingents of technical personnel. Stress should be placed on improving ttrose at (18) Like other sectors, in agricultural pro- the county level. Organizations responsible for duction, great importance should be attached to popularizing technological findings, plant pro- economic results and tapping potentials. tection measures and soil and fertilizer informa- During readjustment period, invest- tion should gradually be combined. They the ments agriculture limited and efforts should be centrally managed, with a reasonable in are should be made resultS division of labour and should co-ordinate with to maximize with these minimal investmehts. work must each other so as to fully utilize the results of Agricultural stress improving the per-unit yield and increas- scientific and technical research in production. ing labour productivity in farming, cultivation (15) Agricultural work such as resource and industrial and sideline occupations. The in- surveys and agricultural zoning must be done crease of grain and cash crops mainly depends well so as to provide a scientific basis for the on intensive farming and improvement of exploitation, utilization and protection of natural medium- and low-yielding plots. Other sector:s resources and for readjustment of the structure should also make efforts to improve economic of agricultural production. At present, stress results. should be placed on surveys of soil, water and (19) A rational production structure biological resources and surveys of key areas. should be established accordance with the re- Particular attention should be paid to strength- in quirements the all-round development of ening the protection of agricultural resources of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and halting the deterioration of the ecological production and fishery. The past de- environment in some places. We should make error of veloping a single-product economy should be efforts in defining agricultural zones at the avoided. Attention must be paid to co-ordinat- county level and, on this basis, draw up a ing the rational distribution of agricultural pro- general plan for utilizing land and building up the countryside. duction in the country on the one hand and local development plans suited to specific (16) Departments concerned should make conditions on the other. All localities must im- efforts to consolidate and strengthen the leading plement the policy of "never slackening the June 14, 1982 25 Effective measures snoutO be taken to restol'c and develop them as quickly as possible. The 1981 state resolutions on the protection of the forest and other questions on the develop- ment of forestry and the decision to develop afforestation through participation flom the whole people should be earnestly implemented. In the rural areas, effective measures and policies encouraging the development of animal husbandry should be callied out dorvn to the households, making full use of the favour- able conditions of the abundant labour force, equipment and fodder there. On the basis of investigations, the ownership of the pastoral aleas should be specified so as to better protect and build up the pastoral areas. On the vast frontiers as well as on barren hills and uncul- tivated areas. aeroplane sowing, tree and grass .l prorluction lcam's mushloom brceding larrtr ilr Sha- planting should be continuously carried out in zhou County, Jiangsu Province. a planned way. (21) People's grain pr()duction and vigorously carrying out the Since the foundinp of the great been diversified economy.'! In the utilization of the Republic in 1949, achievements have chalked great and land. major efforts should be made to gladually up in irrigation. but waste losses water con'./ert the cultivated plots which are not suit- still exist. In the future. large-scale conservancy out able to grain production but are suitable to other construction should be carried ('l'ops. Colton and sugar'-bealing crops u'hich in accordance with the overall plan. Those are urgently needed by the .state. should be de- water conselvancy works which require much veloped in suitable area.s. Diversified economy inveslment but yield Iittle benefit should be should be vigorously developed. Emphasis is to suspended. Attention must be paid to scientific be on the development of mountainr>us areas, management of those works r.l'hich have gor-re water surface. beaches and grasslands and on into operation. Small-scale construction of househ,rld animal laising. water conservancy works must be cart'ied on and substantial results must be stressed. The devel 26 Bei.iing Ret,ieu, No. 24 fertilizer supplies to the medium- ahd low-yield- At present, weakness in the leadership in ing areas should be increased and efforts must some localities has caused paralysis or semi- be made to produce pesticide with high effi- paralysis in the leading bodies of some produc- ciency and low toxicity. tion teams. The result is that no one is respon- sible for certain kinds of work. Leading groups (22) The accounting units of the collective in the communes and production brigades economy must establish an economic accounting should be well organized in order to improve system and carefully analyse economic activi- the production responsibility system. ties in order to reduce the cost of production. As collective economic organizations, pro- duction production Strengthening ldeological Work brigades and teams.should retain authority over essential economic func- the And Organization at tions. They should rationally distribute the Grass-Roots Level plots to individuals, take good care of the cul- tivated land and use them well, draw up produc- (23) In recent years, the Party has done a plan, great deal of rvork in the rural areas and has tion arrange work in capital construction, popularize new techniques, sign con'uracts with achieved lemarkable results. However, laxness and u,eak ideological and political work still the peasants and carry them out, fulfil the state purchasing quotas. designate the portion of prod- exists in some rural areas. Effective measures ucts collective, care must be taken to improve this situation. for the and take of the families of the martyrs and armymen and those The broad masses of peasants are willing to with financial difficulties. take the socialist road under the leadership of (25) grass-roots the Party. But at the present stage, some Party organizations at the level in peasants still retain the ideologies and habits the countryside are the force at the core left over ft'om the old society. They need the leading the broad masses forward. The Party and its members and peasants to constant education and correct guidance given united led the wage great revolutionary wars out by the political party of the working class. .and carry land reform and the co-operative movement in In the winter oI 1981 and the spring of 1982, the past. Now China is living in a era of great the central task for leaders in various localities changes and developments. Members of the should be to educate the peasants in the Iight of Party in power should carry forward the tradi- their problems in work and in ideology centring tions of wholeheartedly serving the people, and around the consolidation of the responsibility should unite and lead the peasants in readjusting system so as to make them understand: China and restructuring the rural economy, thus con- must adhere to the road oI socialist collectiviza- tributing to the modernization of agriculture. tion of agriculture; the pubtic ownership will At present, they should stand in the forefront of not change f or a long period of time; nor will the peasants and lead them to improve the re- the responsibility system in production; and sponsibility system in production. none of the interests of the state, the collective or the individuals should be neglected. The pro- Starting in 1982, u'ith the county or the duction portion designated for the collective and commune as a unit, ParQr members in the rural the state quotas must be fulfilled. The peasants areas, particularly the commune and production must be clear that in t}e past three years, the brigade cadres, should be trained by rotation in state has done its utmost to give consideration a planned way during the slack seasons. They to the interests of the peasants, and the peasants should be organized to study the "Resolution on should give their consideration to the difficulties Certain Questions in the History of Our Party of the state. They should make efforts to de- Since the Founding of the People's Republic of velop production. increase commodities and China" and the various policies of the Party in make further contributions. the rural areas, to sum up experiences in the spirit ' of rectification, to unfold criticism and (24) The implementation of the Party's self-criticism and to enhance their awareness. policies and the fulfilment of various tasks The Party branches in the rural areas should in the rural areas depend on ttte organizations become staunch fighting nuclei. thus secur- at the grass-roots level, including the Party ing the Party's leadership over the administra- organization. the administrative organization. tive organizations, economic organizations and the economic organization and the mass organi- mass organizations and ensuring the fulfilment zations. of various tasks. l June 14, 1982 27 iii#i:;; ';t;::i:*:; qUL tultE & SCltl\Ce and used to be famous in ples. This masterpiece records FOLK LITERATURE her native area. She learnt ?he their struggle, love, adventure "The Fitth Girl" Fifth GirL from her father, also and philosophy. It provides in- a folk song master. sights into ancient Tibetan A 2,000-line narrative poem society by portraying the social At the first national The Fifth Girl which is the life, moral code and customs of symposium on Wu songs (a kind longest one of the Han na- ancient Tibetans. tionality in extant was recently of southern China's folk songs) held not long dEo, experts recorded in Wujiang County, "Kerekbutok" Jiangsu Province. agreed that The Fi.fth Girl was an excellent work of folk litera- The f irst four volumes of The folk song tells of a tragic ture. The assertion that the Han Kerekbutak, a long literary love in the Qing Dynasty during nationality had no long narra- work of the Kazakh nationality, Emperor the reign of Qianlong tive poem was refuted. have been recompiled and (1736-1796). The Fifth Girl was published. the daughter of a landlord. Her Since the Ming Dynasty (1368- Kerekbutak is an ancient parents died when she was 1644), folk songs have been Kazakh legend of benevolence young, so she lived with her popular in southern China and punishment. It is said that brother. Th.e Fifth Girl fell in where the Wu dialect is spoken. there was a brave and wise love with Xu Atian, hired Called Wu songs, they are con- a young herdsman named Bake- hand of the family, but the two sidered to be among the unique who was sentenced to young people were ill-treated features of Chinese literature. teyar death by a self-indulgent king. by the girl's brother and sister- Baketeyar's last request was to in-law, who thought they were "King Gesor" tell the king some tales. For not well matched in social and The first three volumes of 40 days he recounted the history economic status. King Gesar, a Tibetan epic of the Kazakh nationality: the One bitter night, the Fifth amounting to 1.6 million lines, struggles between truth and Girl attempted suicide but her have recently been published by falsehood, good and evil, beauty elder sister the Fourth GirI the Tibet People's Publishing and ugliness. These epic tales savd her. After the Fifth Girl House. This story was orally were passed down orally and and her fiance ran away, the handed down from generation almost every Kazakh knew Fourth Girl decided to burn to generation since the 11th them. century and its recorded herself to death so as to distract only In the late 18th century, a attention. forms were hand-written manu- Kazakh poet and singer Januzak scripts and woodblock versions. After living for two years on adapted these tales into long a remote island, Xu Atian went Gesar, child of a herdsman, poems each with 5,000 lines. back to visit the Fourth Girl. was weII versed in letters and Compiled in 40 volumes, the Bribed by the sister-in-law, the the martial arts. After he be- verses are either for reading or Iocal authority arrested him and came king, he repeatedly led his to be sung accompanied by a people invasions charged him with arson and in repelling string instrument. Unfortunate- prevented rnurder. Hearing the news the and his state from ly, his original work is lost. Fifth GirI hurried back but it being conquered. According to The present Kerekbutak was legend, king was hero was too late. Her husband was the the a recollected and re-edited by who shared weal and woe with dead. Heart broken, she writer and poet Halem in 1979. people drowned herself. the and also a celestial The Kazakh nationality which being with supernatural a lives mainly in Xinjiang has a A masterpiece among southern power who ghosts could kill and rich folk literature. In recent China's folk song, this touching demons and mon- overpower years, its literature has de- story portrayed characters well sters. veloped rapidly. Novels, poems and used vivid language. Gesar's moral character and and songs by professional writ- The Fifth GirL was dictated physical strength reflect the ers and folk tales have been by Lu Amei, a 79-yearrcld aspirations which the Tibetans printed. A Kazakh language woman who began to learn developod in their battles publishing house whose publi- folk songs at the age of eight against nature and other peo- cations include the periodicals 28 Beijing Retsieu, No. 24 Gross and Dausn has been estab- Showing a good form in the BOOKS lished in Xinjiang. women's singles finals, Cao Yanhua defeated the world SPORTS champion Tong Ling 3:1. Huang Junqun of China and Kim Poris Commune os Gyong Sun of the DPRK were A Clrinese Sow lt 6th Asion Toble Tennis in the third place. Chompionships Guo Yuehua/Xie Saike won My Visit to France With an Im- China srvept all seven titles at the men's doubles after beating perial Envoy (in Chinese), the Sixth Asian Table Ten- team-mates Cai Zhenhua/Jiang (ffiffii*EiE(=it6), nis Championships held in Jialiang 3:0. The third place Jakarta. Indonesia, just as they went to Japan's Masahiro Author: Zhang Deyi., did trvo )'ears ago at the pre- Maehara/Hiroyuki Abe and Publisheil by the Hunan Peo- vious championships in India. Xianggang's Chiu Man Kuen/ ple's Publishing House, Chinese players also placed Vong Iu Veng. Distributed by the Hunan Xin- second in five of these events. Cao Yanhua Huang Junqun hua Bookstore, The championships closed on defeated another Chinese Pair Price: (paperback) RMB 0.89 June 3 after 11 days of keenly the Tong Ling,'Li Chunli 3:0 in auan. contested matches. women's doubles finals. This In the team events, the Chi- placed the latter in the second nese men',s and women's teams place. DPRK's Kim Gyong beat their Japanese opponents Sun/Bung Chun Duk and 5:0 and 3:0 respectively. Both Japan's Yoshiko Shimauchi/ the Japanese teams finished Keiko Yamashita finished third. second, and the teams of the Jiang Jialiang,'Tong Ling Democratic People's Republic of routed Guo Yuehua,ili Chunli Korea came third. 3:0 and captured the title of Cai Zhenhua captured the mixed doubles. Guo Yuehua,ili men's singles by beating his Chunli were the runners-up. countryman Xie Saike 3:2; Xie. China's another two pairs, Cai the men's singles runner-up of Zhenhua,iCao Yanhua and Xie the previous championships. SaikeiHuang Junqun, placed again came in second. Another third. Chinese player, Guo Yuehua. About 150 athletes from 2l finished third together with part countries and regions took Porlrait of the author Zhaog Deyi, Kiyoshi Saito of Japan. in the championships. found with the manuscript. No Chinese, it had been as- sumed, saw the action of the Paris Commune, nor gave a first-hand account of it. The authenticity of this assumption Wtrnt unchallenged in many years. Ten years ago, in remem- bering the centenary of the Commune. this point was re- peated in some foreign histori- ans' lectures and essays. Facts, however, have proved it untrue. The manuscriPt of. My Visit to France With an lmperial Enuoy, discovered only \ recently, was precisely a ring- Clo Yanhua (l'ar liglrt) congratulaled by Indonesian ping-pong Ians side account of the heroic Paris atter winning the women's singles ehampion. Commune by a visiting Chinese. June 14, 1982 29 Zhang Deyi, the author, was the Paris garrison and judicial the 1871 Paris Commune, Marx 23 when he visited France in officials. Scared, the officials said: "This will be the first 18?1 as the interpreter for fled to Versailles, leaving Paris authentic history of the com- not Chong Hou - the Qing court's leaderless. The rebels ruled the mune. L[issagaray] has only minister in charge of f oreign city and the government troops used all the printed sources but trade in Tianjin, Niuzhuang and turned their weapons upside- also possesses materials unacces- Dengzhou and vice-minister of down to show that they har- sible to others, not to menti<-rn war on an imperial mi.ssion to boured no hostility." These the fact that he has been an eye- Europe.- On March 17 that year, lines reflected the fact that the witness of most of the events he the eve of the birth of the Paris proletariat in Paris had .seized depicts." (A Letter to Wilhelm Commune, he was sent by government power. Bracke, Collected Works o! Chong Hou from Bordeaux, Marr and Engels, German edi- The same diary described the then the seat of the French For- tion. Vol. 34, p. 205.) It goes fierce battle of Paris that en- eign Minlstry, to Paris to rent a without saying that Lissagaray, sued: "The whole city found it- house for the Chinese delega- both a Frenchman and a partici- self under a hail of bu]lets." The tion. When the slogan "Vive la pant. was in a better position to frenzied shelling by the counter- Communel" resounded through- write about the Commune. But. out Paris, he found himself revolutionaries lef t Paris with first-hand knorvledge smoke and amidst an epoch-making event. "shrouded in thick about the event and a faithful f ire; it seemed that thousands of way of recounting it, Zhang Everywhere he went in Paris, The buildings had caught fire." Deyi's book is of no small value. he saw public notices signed by indomitable Paris Commune the French government leader soldiers "built up barricades on His book also shows the pro- Adolphe Thiers and his minis- piles of wheels, stones and tim- found influence of heroism dis- ters calling for disbanding the ber." Waving red flags and sing- played by those who fought for Parisians' armed force. iog La Marseill.aise, they fought the Commune cln a young Chi- nese from a feudal society. Vividly, he wrote: "When the the maddened enemy with a vengeance. government troops entered the Priceless though the book is, city, they met with armd re- The commune members lost it had fallen into oblivion for sistance from the rebelling the battle. Then came mass well over a century. After lib- Parisians. A government gen- arrests and massacre. "BY three eration in 1949, the author's de- eral ordered his men to open o'c]ock in the afternoon, about scendants contributed the manu- fire, but they refused to comply 1,200 Parisians who were taken script to the Beijing Library, and pointed their rifles back- prisoner were marched through which subsequently stored it in wards. The general had no al- the street. including two lines of one of its branches, the Bailinshi ternative but to call off the women. Their clothes were torn Library. It lay there untouched battle, only to be doggedly and their faces blackened with until 1980, when editors from chased by the rebels. Dozens of dirt. but their eyes flashed with the Hunan People's Publishing soldiers were killed and two heroism." House came in search of ma- officers. Lecomte and Phomas terials needed for its lnto the "Some 2,500 more prisoners by name, were taken prisoner help of were paraded along the street, World series. With the and shot to death." The Thiers the Beijing Library staff, they some smoking cigarettes and the government ended in utter de- finally brought the manuscript others singing. Though theY feat and the people who rose up to light. in arms controlled the city. were arrested theY showed no signs of fear." "More than 100 As an imperial interpreter, "It was said that last night of them were women. They thousands of rebels gathered Zhang Deyi repeatedly visited wore prisoners' clothes but foreign countries with Qing around the Victory Column looked undaunted." Shouting at the Vendome Square court dignities. This enabled "Vive la Commune!" they faced him to write down what he saw to the left of the royal palace," death with a moving calmness. he wrote in his March 19 diary. abroad. His writings include "Vehemently, they threatened Judging from the historic data eight travelogues which run to that their men would replace it provides, My Visit to France more than one million words. ranking officials of the minis- With an lmperial Ew:og is an The first volume is entitled ters of personnel affairs and authentic historical account of Traoelling on the Sea. MY Visit national defence, and replace all the Paris Commune. Talking to France With an lmPerial En- the generals, the commander of about Lissagaray's History oJ DoA is the third. 30 Beijing Reoiew, No. 24 ART PAGE l,i I(ttchan's 'l'rtrclition,al Chinese Paintings t L: Kuchan. boln in ltl98 in Shandong Prur ::ca : Gaotang County, is norv a profes- 4 s()r' a: :he Central Academy of Fine Arts in p_ , rc He is noteci fol the fleehand blushrvolk ::-. hrs flower and bird paintings His u,orks ' \ll)'ess fresh ideas in vat'ied presentations 'rith bold. vigor.ous strokes Sulging -{hcatl (;ottonrose Hibiscus in Elossttttr. 11'ater Birds )V E .lE, * Chino's Iop Quality Wotehes i trL t, f= E s )L + > tn E s ffi qr ,L {t 5 2 I )L = +)1, rF fi +,1 E iL i,E t, .L =Z t. s Seogull Brond Wotches meet the most in our verticolly integroted production demonding internotionol stondords. They're fociliiies oll the woy from the bosic stylish, occurote, ond duroble. 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