Pyrrhura Griseipectus) DE VIDA LIVRE E DE CATIVEIRO

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Pyrrhura Griseipectus) DE VIDA LIVRE E DE CATIVEIRO 0 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO CEARÁ PRÓ-REITORIA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO E PESQUISA FACULDADE DE VETERINÁRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS VETERINÁRIAS DÉBORA NISHI MACHADO PESQUISA DE ENTEROBACTÉRIAS EM PERIQUITOS CARA-SUJA (Pyrrhura griseipectus) DE VIDA LIVRE E DE CATIVEIRO FORTALEZA – CEARÁ 2015 1 DÉBORA NISHI MACHADO PESQUISA DE ENTEROBACTÉRIAS EM PERIQUITOS CARA-SUJA (Pyrrhura griseipectus) DE VIDA LIVRE E DE CATIVEIRO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias. Área de concentração: Reprodução e sanidade animal Linha de Pesquisa: Sanidade de aves Orientador: Prof. Dr. William Cardoso Maciel Co-orientador: Dr. Régis Siqueira de Castro Teixeira FORTALEZA-CEARÁ 2015 2 3 UECE UECE UECE 4 Dedico aos meus pais, Carlos Roberval Machado e Cleusa Emiko Nishi Machado que me acompanharam durante todos os momentos bons e péssimos do mestrado. À minha irmã Ise Nishi Machado e seu namorado Eduardo Matos pelo companheirismo. Aos meus amigos, Suzan Vitória Girão, Marcus Vinicius e Livia Nobre, nossas risadas, reclamações, lágrimas, conversas à meia noite e muito amor foram fundamentais para manter a minha sanidade e perseverança intactas. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), principalmente ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPCGV), juntamente com seu corpo docente e funcionários pela dedicação, profissionalismo e integridade demonstrados em todos os anos em que pude conviver com esse setor. Ao Laboratório de Estudos Ornitológicos (LABEO) pela oportunidade de me permitir adentrar o maravilhoso mundo da pesquisa científica, possibilitando o meu crescimento pessoal e profissional. Em especial ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. William Cardoso Maciel por me aceitar como uma aluna de mestrado e pelo apoio. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pelos investimentos financeiros e temporais, fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da minha pesquisa. À Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS) pela participação em todas as minhas pesquisas à campo, sendo uma equipe extremanente solícita, divertida e comprometida com uma trabalho primoroso de conservação de diversas espécies de animais. Agradeço muitissimo mesmo a Ileyne Lopes e aos meninos do campo, André, Bruno e Fabrício, por todo o companheirismo e atenção demonstrados! À professora Dra. Rosa Patrícia Ramos Salles, juntamente com o professor Dr. Isaac Neto Goes da Silva pelas excelentes considerações na qualificação e apoio nas atribulações para a realização da metodologia prática. Aos três pilares do meu mestrado: Elisângela de Souza Lopes, a doutoranda coração de leão que me acompanhou durante toda a minha estadia científica no laboratório, sendo o meu referencial teórico e prático de uma pessoa dedicada, com fibras de aço feitas de muito esforço, inteligência e inesgotável capacidade de amar. Ao Dr. Atilla Albuquerque, cujas palavras atuais não são capazes de descrever como uma personalidade mais vibrante, tirânica e leal conseguem se unir em uma alma só, por me auxiliar e me aconselhar nos mais variados, um pouco insanos, momentos que passamos juntos. E, principalmente, ao Dr. Régis Siqueira, creio que a única pessoa que eu conheci capaz de transformar um ato em razão e dessa razão um próposito, agradeço demais por toda a 6 amizade recebida e pela melhor orientação científica, filosófica e espiritual que uma eterna aluna poderia obter! Aos alunos da pós-graduação, em primeiro lugar aos doutorandos: Ruben Horn Vasconcelos e Windleyanne Gonçalves Amorim Bezerra, ambos pelo apoio prático e emocional nessa minha empreitada no mestrado, fazendo sol, chuva ou tempestade de piadas infames, sempre estiveram lá. E, em segundo, aos mestrandos Suzan Vitória Girão, que sabe o quão importante a sua presença foi para mim e Raul Antunes Siqueira, pela parceria gótica e partilha de doces. A todos os alunos de iniciação científica, sejam aos que não puderam evidenciar o término dessa minha empreitada no mundo da pesquisa, mas que sempre farão parte de ótimas lembranças que irei carregar comigo, e aos atuais, que participaram direta ou indiretamente desse minha jornada científica! E, finalmente, meus sinceros agradecimentos a vocês: colegas, amigos, inimigos, parentes, desconhecidos e às formas de palavras metamorfoseadas em livros, músicas ou quadrinhos que tive a oportunidade de ler durante essa fase da minha vida, todos se tornaram pequenos pedaços de mim, aos quais irei entesourar até o céu cair em minha cabeça. 7 “Em algum lugar uma voz chama, do fundo do meu coração Continue sonhando seus sonhos, nunca os deixe morrer Por que falar de sua melancolia ou dos tristes pesares da vida? Deixe seus lábios cantarem uma linda canção para você Não esqueceremos a voz sussurante, em cada lembrança ela ficará Para sempre, para guiar você... Quando um espelho se quebra, estilhaços se espalham pelo chão Lampejos de uma vida nova refletem-se por toda parte Janela de um recomeço, silêncio, nova luz da aurora Deixe que meu corpo vazio e silente seja preenchido e nasça outra vez, Não é preciso procurar lá fora, nem velejar através do mar Porque brilha aqui dentro de mim, está bem aqui dentro de mim Encontrei uma luz que está sempre comigo” (Kimura Yumi) 8 RESUMO O psitacídeo Pyrrhura griseipectus, popularmente conhecido como periquito cara-suja, é uma espécie nativa do Nordeste brasileiro, que se encontra em risco de extinção. Apresentando número limitado de exemplares em vida livre, essa espécie restringe-se a três territórios no estado do Ceará: Maçico de Baturité, Quixadá e Ibaretama. Atualmente, é evidenciado que aves silvestres são passíveis de albergarem inúmeros microrganismos, inclusive com potencial zoonótico. Dentre esses agentes microbianos, destacam-se as enterobactérias, cujos representantes principais são as bactérias Escherichia coli e as do gênero Salmonella. Os objetivos desse estudo consistiu em realizar uma pesquisa das enterobactérias em periquito cara- suja de vida livre como de cativeiro, e avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade dos isolados. Para tanto, essa pesquisa obteve aprovação do Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais da Universidade Estadual do Ceará sob o número de 4832011/2014 e do Sistema de Autorização e Informação em Biodiversidade (SISBIO) com a numeração de 37211334. Dessa forma, entre os anos de 2014 e 2015, foram coletadas suabes cloacais individuais de 79 filhotes de vida livre e de 25 periquitos de cativeiro. As amostras foram translocadas em tubos contendo água peptonada tamponada para o Laboratório de Estudos Ornitológicos da Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Para o processamento microbiológico, foram empregadas etapas de pré-enriquecimento, enriquecimento seletivo, plaqueamento e posterior identificação com bateria de provas bioquímicas. No teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos foi empregado o método de disco difusão. Em ambos os estudos foi possível o isolamento de bactérias pertencentes aos gêneros Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia e Pantoea, sendo Escherichia coli a mais prevalente. Quanto ao teste de sensibilidade, foi evidenciado que os antibióticos aos quais as bactérias dos periquitos de livre apresentaram maior resistência foram à azitromicina, tetraciclina e sulfonamida. Em cativeiro, os maiores índices de resistência foram à sulfametoxazol-trimetropim e, similar aos de vida livre, azitromicina e tetraciclina. Portanto, foi possível averiguar que os periquitos cara-suja das duas ambiências eram carreadores de enterobactérias, inclusive de cepas com resistência a múltiplos antibióticos. Palavras-chave: Pyrrhura griseipectus. Escherichia coli. Isolamento de enterobactérias. Antibiograma. 9 ABSTRACT The parakeet Pyrrhura griseipectus, known as gray-breasted parakeet, is a native species from Northeastern of Brazil who is threatened with extinction. Featuring limited number of species in the wild life, this parakeet is restricted to three areas in the state of Ceara: Massif of Baturité, Quixadá and Ibaterama. Currently, wild birds are susceptible to harboring numerous microorganisms, including those with zoonotic potential. Among these microbial agents, stands out the enterobacteria, who’s the main representatives are the bacteria belonging to species Escherichia coli and to the genus Salmonella. The objectives of this study are to detect enterobacteria in grey-breasted parakeet from wildlife and captivity, and, thus, assess the sensitivity of the isolates. Thus, this research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Use of Animals of State University of Ceara (CEUA) by the number 4832011/2014 and for the Release and Scientific Information System Biodiversity (SISBIO) with the number 37211334. Thereafter, between the years 2014 and 2015 were collected cloacal swabs of 79 individual young birds from wildlife and 25 parakeets in captivity. Samples were translocated into tubes containing buffered peptone water to Laboratory of Ornithological Studies at the State University of Ceará. For microbiological processing, pre- enrichment, selective enrichment, plating and subsequent identification with battery of biochemical tests were employed. To antimicrobial susceptibility test was used the disk diffusion method. In studies it was possible to isolate bacteria belonging to the genera Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, and Pantoea, in which the bacterium most prevalent
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