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Distribution: EG: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Burs
Subgenus Lasius Fabricius, 1804 53. L. (Lasius) alienus (Foerster, 1850) Distribution: E.G.: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Bursachili, Gardabani, Grakali, Gudauri, Gveleti, Igoeti, Iraga, Kasristskali, Kavtiskhevi, Kazbegi, Kazreti, Khrami gorge, Kianeti, Kitsnisi, Kojori, Kvishkheti, Lagodekhi Reserve, Larsi, Lekistskali gorge, Luri, Manglisi, Mleta, Mtskheta, Nichbisi, Pantishara, Pasanauri, Poladauri, Saguramo, Sakavre, Samshvilde, Satskhenhesi, Shavimta, Shulaveri, Sighnaghi, Taribana, Tbilisi (Mushtaidi Garden, Tbilisi Botanical Garden), Tetritskaro, Tkemlovani, Tkviavi, Udabno, Zedazeni (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1964a, b, 1966, 1967b, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Abasha, Ajishesi, Akhali Atoni, Anaklia, Anaria, Baghdati, Batumi Botanical Garden, Bichvinta Reserve, Bjineti, Chakvi, Chaladidi, Chakvistskali, Eshera, Grigoreti, Ingiri, Inkiti Lake, Kakhaberi, Khobi, Kobuleti, Kutaisi, Lidzava, Menji, Nakalakebi, Natanebi, Ochamchire, Oni, Poti, Senaki, Sokhumi, Sviri, Tsaishi, Tsalenjikha, Tsesi, Zestaponi, Zugdidi Botanical Garden (Ruzsky, 1905; Karavaiev, 1926; Jijilashvili, 1974b); S.G.: Abastumani, Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Aspindza, Avralo, Bakuriani, Bogdanovka, Borjomi, Dmanisi, Goderdzi Pass, Gogasheni, Kariani, Khanchali Lake, Ota, Paravani Lake, Sapara, Tabatskuri, Trialeti, Tsalka, Zekari Pass (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1967a, 1974a). 54. L. (Lasius) brunneus (Latreille, 1798) Distribution: E.G.: Bolnisi, Gardabani, Kianeti, Kiketi, Manglisi, Pasanauri (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Akhali Atoni, Baghdati, -
Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N. -
In Hospitality & Real Estate in Georgia
HOSPITALITY & INVESTMENT CLIMATE & 1 OPPORERTUANLITIES ES IN GETAORGITEA 2019 GEORGIA COUNTRY OVERVIEW Area: 69,700 sq. km Population: 3.7 mln GDP 2018: USD 16.2 billions Life expectancy at birth 2017: 73.5 years GDP real growth rate 2018: 4.7 % Georgian GDP CAGR 2013-2018 (GEL): 4 % Literacy: 99.8 % GDP per capita 2018: USD 4346 Capital: Tbilisi Inflation rate (December) 2018 (Y-o-Y): 1.5% Currency (code): Lari (GEL) Total Public Debt to Nominal GDP (%) 2018: 42.2% INVESTMENT CLIMATE & 2 OPPORTUNITIES IN GEORGIA ADVANTAGES OF INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN GEORGIA A politically stable investment destination EHƒEKGPVRro-business and corruption-free government Free trade agreement with 2.3 billion markets Competitive cost of labor and energy Entry gate between Europe and Asia Stable Macroeconomic situation and solid sovereign balance sheet 5KORNGNQYCPFGHƒEKGPVVCZCVKQP 6th easiest country to do business in (World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Report 2019) th 6 safest country in the world (Numbeo’U%TKOG+PFGZ BB BB- Stable Ba2 Stable INVESTMENT CLIMATE & 3 OPPORTUNITIES IN GEORGIA WHY INVEST IN HOSPITALITY & REAL ESTATE IN GEORGIA Continuous Increase of International No Real Estate Ownership Restrictions Visitors – 21% average annual growth of Governmental Incentives Available Visa Free Regime with 98 Countries Unique Nature and Culture Various Types of Resorts and Investment Opportunities INVESTMENT CLIMATE & 4 OPPORTUNITIES IN GEORGIA NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL TRAVELERS HAS BEEN GROWING RAPIDLY 10 9 8.7 8 7.9 7 6.3 6.7 6 5.7 5.9 5 4.7 +10% 4 3 2 1 -
Investment Project Catalogue September 2020
INVESTINGEORGIA.ORG INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES 2020 A PLEASURE DOING BUSINESS Located in the Caucasus region, on the coast of The country's ambitious objectives to be one of the Black Sea, Georgia is geographically well the best investment locations on the world map positioned as a gateway between Europe and are reflected in number of different Asia. The country is perfectly situated for easy well-recognized international rankings, where access to most major European, Central Asian Georgia maintains strong positions. For and Middle Eastern markets and has free trade example, Georgia holds 7th position in World agreements (FTAs) with most of them. In this Bank’s 2020 “Ease of Doing Business Index”. way, Georgia already boasts majority of the Foreign-owned businesses make significant preconditions required to become a regional contribution to the Georgian economy and its financial and business centre. great position for deepening links between Europe and Asia will further raise country’s Today, Georgia has a strong investment offer - productivity - via the transfer of technology, by it has liberal and free market oriented economic increased export-oriented investments and policy, access to 2.3 billion consumer market stronger regional competition positions. through its solid FTA network including both EU and China, educated, skilled and competitively Georgia is a great destination for companies priced workforce, 6 types of low and flat taxes, from all around the world, whether it’s to enter significantly decreased number of licenses and the regional market itself, the European market, permissions, well developed, integrated and or the broader Asian markets. It is a country full multimodal transport infrastructure. -
Contribution to Mycobiotic of Algeti National Park (East Georgia): Fungi on the Woody Plants
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis moambe, t. 4, #1, 2010 BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 4, no. 1, 2010 Botanics Contribution to Mycobiotic of Algeti National Park (East Georgia): Fungi on the Woody Plants † Irma Murvanishvili* , Angelina Jorjadze*, Nino Gotsadze* * Tbilisi Botanical Garden and Institute of Botany, Tbilisi (Presented by Academy Member G. Nakhutsrishvili) ABSTRACT. The paper presents the fungi on woody plants, which have been found in the Algeti National Park. At present 228 species of fungi are revealed on various plants, of which 131 are macrofungi and 97 micromycetes. © 2010 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci. Key words: fungi, woody plants, Algeti National Park. The Algeti National Park is located on the southern and bushes); botanists call the southern slopes of the slopes of the East Trialeti range, at the source of the Trialeti range a “floristic junction”, since one could find Algeti river. The Algeti Nature Reserve was established here flora of Colchian, Hircanian, Iberian, Caucasian, in 1965 with the purpose of protecting the southeastern Middle Eastern, Persian and other origin [1, 2]. border of distribution of eastern spruce (Picea orientalis During field studies (2006 - 2008) and on the basis of (L.) Link). In 2007 it was given a status of the National the Herbarium of Tbilisi Botanical Garden and Institute of Park. 6044 ha of the Algeti National Park is covered with Botany, and according to the literature data [3-6], 228 spe- forests. Among them fir trees occupy - 1442 ha, beech - cies of fungi on various plants were identified. Of these 2250 ha, oaks - 1380 ha, pines - 250 ha, hornbeams - 120 131 species are macromycetes and 97 - micromycetes. -
Urban Development in Georgia
Key facts and figures relating to housing and urban development in Georgia Nino Gventsadze Head of spatial planning department Ministry of regional development and infrastructure of Georgia Housing in Georgia Current conditions Housing in Georgia is characterized with long and deep systematic crisis which are caused by the following reasons: non- existent policy, non-sufficient legislative base and non-adequate institutional set-up. Georgian government still doesn’t have a well-defined, clear policy in the field of Housing, also not a single office directly governs and works on Housing issues neither on legislation or enforcement level. Estimated future plan in Housing • To define short, medium and long term priorities Short term priority – should focus on how to fix homelessness, clearly define the terminology, exact identification of beneficiary groups and setting criteria for people who will receive the support, launching an institution, drafting legislation etc. Medium and long term - should focus on large number of people who will be able to afford the Housing (affordable Housing), provide an adequate Housing, improve policy making in regard of construction and urban development, solving demographic issues in the country etc. Improvements In 2018, Government of Georgia has taken a duty in implementing a “Housing policy documentation and strategic plan”, for that reason in 2019, April a special committee was established who will define a strategic plan. So far consultations are taking place. It is planned to make an amendments in legislation (In Georgian legislation there is the only law, which is dedicated to housing and needs a great deal of revise and improvement) The Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories and Refugees of Georgia has realized several projects: • Ministry purchased 300 accommodations from the Chinese company “Hualing” • Throughout the country, ministry purchased several accommodations from developers, reconstructed, built new constructions etc. -
Field Guide – Common Trees and Shrubs of Georgia
Introduction Up to 400 species of trees and shrubs grow in Georgian for- ests. This Field Guide contains information about 100 species of trees and shrubs from 38 plant families. The abundance of relict and endemic timber species (61 species endemic to Geor- gia and 43 species endemic to the Caucasus) indicates the high biodiversity of Georgian forests. Georgian forests provide habitats and migration corridors to a range of wild fauna, and play an important role in the conserva- tion of the genetic diversity of animal species in the region. In conditions of complex and deeply dissected relief, characteristic to Georgia, forests are especially important due to their climate regulation, water regulation and soil protection functions. Forests also ensure the continuous delivery of vital benefits and resources to the population, and facilitate the development of a range of industries. Introduction In this Field Guide each plant family is displayed in a different color. The Field Guide contains an alphabetical index of species, as well as the names of species in Latin and English, as estab- lished by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The Field Guide also contains a brief description of the taxo- nomic characteristics, range and protection status of each spe- cies. Alphabetical Index Name in English Name in Latin # Alpine Currant Ribes alpinum 59 Bay Laurel Laurus nobilis 62 Begonia-Leafed Lime Tilia Begoniifolia 92 Bitchvinta Pine Pinus pithyusa 6 Black Alder Alnus barbata 28 Black Elder Sambucus nigra 31 Black Poplar Populus -
Genetic Erosion of Crop Varieties and Plant Resources in the Central Great Caucasus
Maia Akhalkatsi AMIES II –G2: Agrobiodiversity and Genetic Erosion of Crop Varieties and Plant Resources in the Central Great Caucasus Center for Ivane Javakhishvili Agricultural International Development Tbilisi State Ilia State University and Environmental University University Research of Georgia Genetic Erosion of Crop Varieties Study site is located at Kazbegi Municipality and located in the Central Great Caucasus at an altitude between 1250 and 5047 m a.s.l. Kazbegi Mt. Kazbegi 5033 m Georgia Genetic Erosion of Crop Varieties Agriculture of this area is extreme internal variability and complexity, with a multiplicity of highly localized providing the habitats and agricultural lands for much genetic erosion of crop varieties, animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for wild plant resources. Genetic Erosion of Crop Varieties History of Agriculture of Georgia The ancient findings from Neolithic period of cereal grains in Georgia were discovered: 1. Trialeti Range, Tsalka district; 2. Kvemo Kartli region: Arukhlo and Shulaveri excavations, Dmanisi and Bolnisi districts; 3. Samegrelo region: Dikha-Gudzuba and Nokalakevi; 4.. Imereti Region, Dzudzuana cave; 5. Kakheti, Nelkarisi. Genetic Erosion of Crop Varieties Crops of the Neolithic period • The following crops were found in these archaeological excavations: • Seven species of cultivated wheat - Triticum aestivum, T. spelta, T. carthlicum, T. macha, T. monococcum, T. dicoccum, T. compactum and one wild relative Aegilops cylindrica. • Other cereals: millet - Panicum milleaceaum, -
Ten-Year Development Plan for Georgian Gas Transmission Network 2018-2027
Ten-Year Development Plan for Georgian Gas Transmission Network 2018-2027 October 2017 1 The document represents a 10-year Georgian gas transmission and related infrastructure development plan. It was prepared on the basis of 2016 and 2017 year editions of “10-Year Development Plan for Georgian Gas Transmission Infrastructure)’’, considering the actual situation of current period. The 10-year Gas Network Development Plan was discussed with the Georgian Gas Transportation Company, presented to the Ministry of Energy of Georgia, the Georgian National Energy Regulatory Commission and other stakeholders. Consultations regarding the information used in and information on the project implementation of the 10-year Gas Network Development Plan can be obtained from GOGC Strategic Planning and Projects Department. Head of the Department: Teimuraz Gochitashvili, Dr. Sci, professor, Tel: +(995 32) 2244040 (414); E-mail: [email protected] 2 Contents Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................................4 Executive summary ..................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction .....................................................................................................................7 1.1. General provisions............................................................................................................ 7 1.2. Formal and methodological basis for preparing the plan .............................................. -
World Bank Document
ROAD DEPARTMENT OF GEORGIAN MINISTRY OFREGIONAL Public Disclosure Authorized DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Plan REHABILITATION OF (S–20) Borjomi–Bakuriani–Akhalkalaki Secondary Road (Ghadolari–Kotelia) section KM62–KM68 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tbilisi, Georgia 2018 1 PART I: GENERAL PROJECT AND SITE INFORMATION INSTITUTIONAL &ADMINISTRATIVE Country Georgia Project title Rehabilitation of Secondary(S–20) Borjomi–Bakuriani–Akhalkalaki (Ghadolari–Kotelia) Road Section Km 62-Km 68 Scope of project and Initially there was one-layer asphalt layer (5cm) on the section proposed for rehabilitation, which activity no longer exists. The entire road is made of gravel. Crushed stone layer is arranged on the road. There are some sections where crushed stone pavement will be arranged soon. At this moment, pavement is severely deformed on this section. Road section proposed for rehabilitation passes both inhabited and uninhabited areas. There are cultivated lands on the both sides of some sections of the road. The road crosses small and medium sized ravines and irrigation channels. Existing pipes are designed for passing of water that flows from the ravine, for avoiding of precipitation water and passing of irrigation channel water from one side of a road to the other. Some pipes will be repaired during the rehabilitation works of the road section. Generally, diameter of pipes is small and cannot meet operation requirements. During rehabilitation works new pipes will be installed. Small stone bridge on pk 3+400 is built over a small water ravine. It is a one span arch bridge. Bridge foot drilling length is 4.0m. -
Urban Services Improvement Investment Program – Tranche 2 and 3 (Improvement of Ureki and Bakuriani Water Supply Systems Sub-Project)
Updated Draft Initial Environmental Examination July 2016 GEO: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program – Tranche 2 and 3 (Improvement of Ureki and Bakuriani Water Supply Systems Sub-project) Prepared by United Water Supply Company of Georgia LLC of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank CA - Cross section area CC - Civil Contractor DC - Design Consultant EA - Executing Agency EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EIP - Environmental Impact Permit EMP - Environmental Management Plan GoG - Government of Georgia GRC - Grievance Redress Mechanism IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IP - Investment Program IPMO - Investment Program Management Office kg - Kilogram km - Kilometre lpcd - Litres per Capita per Day M - Metre MFF-IP - Multitranche Financing Facility Investment Program mg/l - milligram per litre mm - Millimetre MoRDI - Ministry of Regional Development & Infrastructure PS - Pumping Station RCC - Reinforced Cement Concrete uPVC - Un-plasticized Poly vinyl Chloride UWSCG - United Water Supply Company of Georgia WS Water Supply WWTP - Waste Water treatment Plant i Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 I. -
Ecological Divergence Between Two Evolutionary Lineages of the Caucasian Salamander: Evidence from GIS Analysis
HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL 18: 155–163, 2008 Ecological divergence between two evolutionary lineages of the Caucasian salamander: evidence from GIS analysis David Tarkhnishvili1, Uður Kaya2, Alexander Gavashelishvili1 & Irina Serbinova3 1Centre of Biodiversity Studies, Ilia Chavchavadze State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 2Department of Zoology, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey 3Moscow Zoo, Russia The Caucasian salamander (Mertensiella caucasica sensu lato) is an endemic taxon of the western Lesser Caucasus, classified as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. Two isolated evolutionary lineages occur within its range – one in the Black Sea basin, and the other in the basin of the Caspian Sea. We identified and described 51 locations throughout the range of the species, from the easternmost to the westernmost known location and within an elevational range of 50– 2400 m a.s.l. We applied binary logistic regression and a maximum entropy approach to predict the range of the salamander within the polygon delimited by extreme values of 19 bioclimatic parameters for the locations identified. The models were based on the analysis of bioclimatic data, terrain ruggedness and some other environmental variables. The presence or absence of the salamander depends on the level of and variations in rainfall, temperature and terrain ruggedness. Absence of the species from the Greater Caucasus is explained by unsuitable climatic conditions. Separate analysis of the “eastern” and “western” lineages showed no overlap of their predicted ranges, and the model based on the complete data set showed good results only for the “western” evolutionary lineage. This suggests that the genetic isolation of these two lineages is caused by differential climatic requirements rather than by existing fragmentation of suitable habitats.