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The Climate of Death Valley, California
THE CLIMATE OF DEATH VALLEY, CALIFORNIA BY STEVEN ROOF AND CHARLIE CALLAGAN The notoriously extreme climate of Death Valley records shows significant variability in the long-term, including a 35% increase in precipitation in the last 40 years. eath Valley National Park, California, is widely known for its extreme hot and Ddry climate. High summer temperatures, low humidity, high evaporation, and low pre- cipitation characterize the valley, of which over 1300 km2 (500 mi2) are below sea level (Fig. 1). The extreme summer climate attracts great interest: July and August visitation in Death Valley National Park has doubled in the last 10 years. From June through August, the average temperature at Furnace Creek, Death Valley [54 m (177 ft) below sea level] is 98°F (37°C).1 Daytime high temperatures typically exceed 90°F (32°C) more than half of the year, and temperatures above 120°F (49°C) occur 1 Weather data are reported here in their original units in to order retain the original level of precision re- corded by the observers. FIG. I. Location map of the Death Valley region. Death Valley National Park is outlined in blue, main roads shown in red, and the portion of the park below sea level is highlighted in white. AFFILIATIONS: ROOF—School of Natural Science, Hampshire E-mail: [email protected] College, Amherst, Massachusetts; CALLAGAN—National Park Service, DOI: 10.1 175/BAMS-84-12-1725 Death Valley National Park, Death Valley, California. In final form 17 January 2003 CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Dr. Steve Roof, School of Natural © 2003 American Meteorological Society Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA 01002 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY DECEMBER 2003 BAfft I 1725 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/09/21 10:14 PM UTC 5-20 times each year. -
Tectonic Influences on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Walker Lane: an Incipient Transform Fault Along the Evolving Pacific – North American Plate Boundary
Arizona Geological Society Digest 22 2008 Tectonic influences on the spatial and temporal evolution of the Walker Lane: An incipient transform fault along the evolving Pacific – North American plate boundary James E. Faulds and Christopher D. Henry Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA ABSTRACT Since ~30 Ma, western North America has been evolving from an Andean type mar- gin to a dextral transform boundary. Transform growth has been marked by retreat of magmatic arcs, gravitational collapse of orogenic highlands, and periodic inland steps of the San Andreas fault system. In the western Great Basin, a system of dextral faults, known as the Walker Lane (WL) in the north and eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) in the south, currently accommodates ~20% of the Pacific – North America dextral motion. In contrast to the continuous 1100-km-long San Andreas system, discontinuous dextral faults with relatively short lengths (<10-250 km) characterize the WL-ECSZ. Cumulative dextral displacement across the WL-ECSZ generally decreases northward from ≥60 km in southern and east-central California, to ~25 km in northwest Nevada, to negligible in northeast California. GPS geodetic strain rates average ~10 mm/yr across the WL-ECSZ in the western Great Basin but are much less in the eastern WL near Las Vegas (<2 mm/ yr) and along the northwest terminus in northeast California (~2.5 mm/yr). The spatial and temporal evolution of the WL-ECSZ is closely linked to major plate boundary events along the San Andreas fault system. For example, the early Miocene elimination of microplates along the southern California coast, southward steps in the Rivera triple junction at 19-16 Ma and 13 Ma, and an increase in relative plate motions ~12 Ma collectively induced the first major episode of deformation in the WL-ECSZ, which began ~13 Ma along the N60°W-trending Las Vegas Valley shear zone. -
Alluvial Fans in the Death Valley Region California and Nevada
Alluvial Fans in the Death Valley Region California and Nevada GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 466 Alluvial Fans in the Death Valley Region California and Nevada By CHARLES S. DENNY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 466 A survey and interpretation of some aspects of desert geomorphology UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publications as follows: Denny, Charles Storrow, 1911- Alluvial fans in the Death Valley region, California and Nevada. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1964. iv, 61 p. illus., maps (5 fold. col. in pocket) diagrs., profiles, tables. 30 cm. (U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 466) Bibliography: p. 59. 1. Physical geography California Death Valley region. 2. Physi cal geography Nevada Death Valley region. 3. Sedimentation and deposition. 4. Alluvium. I. Title. II. Title: Death Valley region. (Series) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.. _ ________________ 1 Shadow Mountain fan Continued Introduction. ______________ 2 Origin of the Shadow Mountain fan. 21 Method of study________ 2 Fan east of Alkali Flat- ___-__---.__-_- 25 Definitions and symbols. 6 Fans surrounding hills near Devils Hole_ 25 Geography _________________ 6 Bat Mountain fan___-____-___--___-__ 25 Shadow Mountain fan..______ 7 Fans east of Greenwater Range___ ______ 30 Geology.______________ 9 Fans in Greenwater Valley..-----_____. 32 Death Valley fans.__________--___-__- 32 Geomorpholo gy ______ 9 Characteristics of fans.._______-___-__- 38 Modern washes____. -
Death Valley National Park
COMPLIMENTARY $3.95 2019/2020 YOUR COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE PARKS DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK ACTIVITIES • SIGHTSEEING • DINING • LODGING TRAILS • HISTORY • MAPS • MORE OFFICIAL PARTNERS T:5.375” S:4.75” PLAN YOUR VISIT WELCOME S:7.375” In T:8.375” 1994, Death Valley National SO TASTY EVERYONE WILL WANT A BITE. Monument was expanded by 1.3 million FUN FACTS acres and redesignated a national park by the California Desert Protection Act. Established: Death Valley became a The largest national park below Alaska, national monument in 1933 and is famed this designation helped focus protection for being the hottest, lowest and driest on one the most iconic landscapes in the location in the country. The parched world. In 2018 nearly 1.7 million people landscape rises into snow-capped mountains and is home to the Timbisha visited the park, a new visitation record. Shoshone people. Death Valley is renowned for its colorful Land Area: The park’s 3.4 million acres and complex geology. Its extremes of stretch across two states, California and elevation support a great diversity of life Nevada. and provide a natural geologic museum. Highest Elevation: The top of This region is the ancestral homeland Telescope Peak is 11,049 feet high. The of the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe. The lowest is -282 feet at Badwater Basin. Timbisha established a life in concert Plants and Animals: Death Valley with nature. is home to 51 mammal species, 307 Ninety-three percent of the park is bird species, 36 reptile species, two designated wilderness, providing unique amphibian species and five fish species. -
Open-File/Color For
Questions about Lake Manly’s age, extent, and source Michael N. Machette, Ralph E. Klinger, and Jeffrey R. Knott ABSTRACT extent to form more than a shallow n this paper, we grapple with the timing of Lake Manly, an inconstant lake. A search for traces of any ancient lake that inundated Death Valley in the Pleistocene upper lines [shorelines] around the slopes Iepoch. The pluvial lake(s) of Death Valley are known col- leading into Death Valley has failed to lectively as Lake Manly (Hooke, 1999), just as the term Lake reveal evidence that any considerable lake Bonneville is used for the recurring deep-water Pleistocene lake has ever existed there.” (Gale, 1914, p. in northern Utah. As with other closed basins in the western 401, as cited in Hunt and Mabey, 1966, U.S., Death Valley may have been occupied by a shallow to p. A69.) deep lake during marine oxygen-isotope stages II (Tioga glacia- So, almost 20 years after Russell’s inference of tion), IV (Tenaya glaciation), and/or VI (Tahoe glaciation), as a lake in Death Valley, the pot was just start- well as other times earlier in the Quaternary. Geomorphic ing to simmer. C arguments and uranium-series disequilibrium dating of lacus- trine tufas suggest that most prominent high-level features of RECOGNITION AND NAMING OF Lake Manly, such as shorelines, strandlines, spits, bars, and tufa LAKE MANLY H deposits, are related to marine oxygen-isotope stage VI (OIS6, In 1924, Levi Noble—who would go on to 128-180 ka), whereas other geomorphic arguments and limited have a long and distinguished career in Death radiocarbon and luminescence age determinations suggest a Valley—discovered the first evidence for a younger lake phase (OIS 2 or 4). -
Garlock Fault: an Intracontinental Transform Structure, Southern California
GREGORY A. DAVIS Department of Geological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007 B. C. BURCHFIEL Department of Geology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77001 Garlock Fault: An Intracontinental Transform Structure, Southern California ABSTRACT Sierra Nevada. Westward shifting of the north- ern block of the Garlock has probably contrib- The northeast- to east-striking Garlock fault uted to the westward bending or deflection of of southern California is a major strike-slip the San Andreas fault where the two faults fault with a left-lateral displacement of at least meet. 48 to 64 km. It is also an important physio- Many earlier workers have considered that graphic boundary since it separates along its the left-lateral Garlock fault is conjugate to length the Tehachapi-Sierra Nevada and Basin the right-lateral San Andreas fault in a regional and Range provinces of pronounced topogra- strain pattern of north-south shortening and phy to the north from the Mojave Desert east-west extension, the latter expressed in part block of more subdued topography to the as an eastward displacement of the Mojave south. Previous authors have considered the block away from the junction of the San 260-km-long fault to be terminated at its Andreas and Garlock faults. In contrast, we western and eastern ends by the northwest- regard the origin of the Garlock fault as being striking San Andreas and Death Valley fault directly related to the extensional origin of the zones, respectively. Basin and Range province in areas north of the We interpret the Garlock fault as an intra- Garlock. -
Inferences Regarding Aboriginal Hunting Behavior in the Saline Valley, Inyo County, California
Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Vol. 2, No. I, pp. 60-79(1980). Inferences Regarding Aboriginal Hunting Behavior in the Saline Valley, Inyo County, California RICHARD A. BROOK HE documented use of stone "hunting a member of the 1861 Boundary Survey Party Tblinds" behind which marksmen hid them reconnoitering the Death Valley region. The selves "ve'/7//-6'o?m-e"i (Baillie-Grohman 1884: chronicler observed: 168) waiting for sheep to be driven along trails, can be found in the writings of a number of . curious structures ... on the tops of early historians (Baillie-Grohman 1884; round bald hills, a short distance to the Spears 1892; Muir 1901; Bailey 1940). Recent northwest of the springs, being low walls of archaeological discoveries of rock features loose stones curved in the shape of a demi lune, about ten feet in length and about believed to be hunting blinds at the Upper three feet high . , . , There were twenty or Warm Springs (Fig. I) in Saline Valley, Inyo thirty of them [Woodward 1961:49], County, California, provide a basis to substan tiate, build upon, and evaluate these observa This paper discusses a series of 60 such piled- tions and the ethnographic descriptions of up boulder features recorded within a I km.^ hunting in the Great Basin (Steward 1933, area at Upper Warm Springs (Fig. 2). 1938, 1941; Driver 1937; Voegelin 1938; The same chronicler offered some tentative Stewart 1941). An examination of these explanations as to their function: features, their location, orientation, and asso ciations in -
B. C. Burchfiel J. H. Stewart "Pull-Apart" Origin of The
B. C. BURCHFIEL J. H. STEWART "PULL-APART" ORIGIN OF THE CENTRAL SEGMENT OF DEATH VALLEY, CALIFORNIA Abstract: The deep central segment of Death Val- is slightly oblique to the fault trend elsewhere, and ley, California, may be related to strike-slip faulting strike-slip movement may have caused a "pulling along the Death Valley fault zone. The trend of the apart" of the two sides of the valley along this fault zone along the central segment of Death Valley obliquely oriented segment of the fault. 50 miles Figure 1. Map showing major fault zones in Death Valley area, California Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, 439-442, 2 figs., April 1966 439 440 BURCHFIEL AND STEWART—DEATH VALLEY, CALIFORNIA The significance of strike-slip faulting in the fault. Where the folds occur the movement on Death Valley area of California has recently the fault zones may be only a few miles. In been discussed by Hill and Troxel (1966), places, fairly recent strike-slip movements have Wright and Troxel (in press), and Stewart (in been reported along the faults. press). Hill and Troxel (1966) have suggested that much of the tectonic history of the area may be related to this strike-slip movement, although they do not indicate how this move- ment produced the valley. We suggest that the central part of Death Valley is related to ten- sion along a segment of a strike-slip fault that is slightly oblique to the main trend of the fault zone. If this idea is correct, the two sides of Death Valley have been pulled apart and a graben produced between. -
Death Valley, California
Death Valley, California I can research an area of North America. Death Valley, California Human Geography Physical Geography People/Population/Language Rivers/Lakes Types of Houses Land Formation Land Is Used For… Mountains/Volcanoes Economic Activity (How does the region make Plants money? What does it trade? What types of businesses are in the area?) Key Buildings/Landmarks Animals Day-to-Day Life Weather/Climate Geography | Year 6 | The Amazing Americas | Comparing Places - North America | Lesson 5 Death Valley, California Answers Human Geography Physical Geography People/Population/Language Rivers/Lakes Current population: 281 people. Rivers in Death Valley do not flow to the sea, flash flood are common as the land cannot absorb water when it rains. Types of Houses Land Formation Houses are grouped in small towns Sand dunes, salt flats, colourful rocks, tall mountains. Badwater Basin is the lowest place in North America below sea level. Some flash floods occur – the water runs off the ground and forms the canyons. Land Is Used For… Mountains/Volcanoes Telescope peak – 11,049 ft Economic Activity (How does the region make Plants money? What does it trade? What types of businesses are in the area?) When conditions are right, ‘superblooms’ occur – resulting in carpets of wild flowers Used to be a Mining Town, now makes money through across parts of Death Valley. tourist attractions. Home to 1,042 plant species including Tourists would go to see – the incredible scenery or superblooms, or go hiking on trails, do some pinyon pine and juniper, sierra juniper, adventure sports, visit landmarks like Scotty’s mountain mahogany, castle, or natural lakes. -
Death Valley National Monument
DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL MONUMENT D/ETT H VALLEY NATIONAL 2 OPEN ALL YEAR o ^^uJv^/nsurty 2! c! Contents 2 w Scenic Attractions 2 2! Suggested Trips in Death Valley 4 H History 7 Indians 8 Wildlife 9 Plants 12 Geology 18 How To Reach Death Valley 23 By Automobile 23 By Airplane, Bus, or Railroad 24 Administration 25 Naturalist Service 25 Free Public Campground 25 Accommodations 25 References 27 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR- Harold L. Ickes, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Arno B. Cammerer, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON EATH VALLEY National Monument was created by Presidential proclamation on 2February 11), 1933, and enlarged to its present dimensions on March 26, 1937. Embracing 2,981 square miles, or nearly 2 million acres of primitive, unspoiled desert country, it is the second largest area administered by the National Park Service in the United States proper. Famed as the scene of a tragic episode in the gold-rush drama of '49, Death Valley has long been known to scientist and layman alike as a region rich in scientific and human interest. Its distinctive types of scenery, its geological phenomena, its flora, and climate are not duplicated by any other area open to general travel. In all ways it is different and unique. The monument is situated in the rugged desert region lying east of the High Sierra in eastern California and southwestern Nevada. The valley itself is about 140 miles in length, with the forbidding Panamint Range forming the western wall, and the precipitous slopes of the Funeral Range bounding it on the east. -
Death Valley Scotty Historic District
Forrfi No. 10-306 (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOWTO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS ______TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS_____ INAME HISTORIC Death Vallev Scottv Historic District (Preferred) AND/OR COMMON Scottv T s Castle and Ranch. Death Vallev Ranch LOCATION /STREET & NUMBER 0 •- '• "-' "^ f\ HHi£hw*y 72 *V t tffi * v —NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY7TOWN & /& V\ £ l^&- /&"*•<?-- i CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Death Valley National Monument -£-.VICINITY OF Beattv. Nevada Eighteenth STATE CODE COUNTY CODE flal i fonrf ^ 06 Tnvo 027 HCLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE JXDISTRICT J£PUBLIC X_OCCUPIED —AGRICULTURE X_MUSEUM _ BUILDING(S) —PRIVATE X-UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL —PARK —STRUCTURE —BOTH _ WORK IN PROGRESS _ EDUCATIONAL X-PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —OBJECT _IN PROCESS X-YES: RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —BEING CONSIDERED — YES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION —NO —MILITARY —OTHER: REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: (If applicable) National Park Service. Western Regional Office STREET & NUMBER 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36063 CITY, TOWN STATE Ran "FVartf i' grrt VICINITY OF California COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC. r.niir1~hnngp. STREET & NUMBER 168 North Edwards Street CITY, TOWN STATE Independence. California TITLE Cultural Resources Survey/ Death Valley National Monument DATE 1976 X-FEDERAL —STATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS National Park Service WRO CITY, TOWN STATE San Francisco California CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE —EXCELLENT X DETERIORATED ?_UNALTERED *.ORIGINALSITE _RUINS AMOVED DATE_ ?LFAIR _UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Death Valley Scotty Historic District includes two separate building complexes, Scotty's Castle and Scotty1 s Ranch, and is located on the western slope of the Grape vine Mountains of Death Valley National Monument, California. -
EICHBAUM TOLL ROAD HISTORIC CONTEXT REPORT Towne Pass Curve Correction Project Inyo County, California 09-INY 190, PM 69.2/69.8 EA 09-35320 Contract No
EICHBAUM TOLL ROAD HISTORIC CONTEXT REPORT Towne Pass Curve Correction Project Inyo County, California 09-INY 190, PM 69.2/69.8 EA 09-35320 Contract No. 06A2138 Project ID: 09-1200-0007 Prepared for: Prepared by: Trevor Pratt Steven J. “Mel” Melvin, Architectural Historian Caltrans District 9 Bryan Larson, Partner / Architectural Historian 500 South Main Street JRP Historical Consulting, LLC Bishop, CA 93514 2850 Spafford Street Davis, CA 95618 June 2018 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 2. RESEARCH METHODS ....................................................................................................... 1 3. DESCRIPTION OF RESOURCE........................................................................................... 1 4. HISTORIC CONTEXT .......................................................................................................... 2 4.1 Tourism and Recreation ................................................................................................ 2 4.2 Transportation ............................................................................................................... 6 4.2.1 Toll Roads ................................................................................................................. 6 4.2.2 Development of Roads in the Death Valley Region ................................................. 7 4.3 History of the Eichbaum Toll Road ...........................................................................