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Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness*
Paraplegia 23 (1985) 20-25 © 1985 International Medical Society of Paraplegia Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness* Athanasios Dounis, M.D. and Dionisios Mitropoulos, M.D. The Naval Medical Hyperbaric Center) Piraeus Naval Hospital and Department of Urology) Athens Naval Hospital) Greece Summary The records of 25 patients with type II decompression sickness and urinary problems have been reviewed. Seventeen patients were professionals and 8 were above the age of 40. The disease appeared within the 1st hour of emergence from the water in 70% of the cases and within the first 4 hours in the remaining 30%. Nine patients were diagnosed as paraplegic and two as tetraplegic. All patients had urinary disturbances and 14 were on Foley-catheter drainage during the decompression while 11 were on intermittent catheterisation. Fifteen patients had improved urinary function after recompression) 8 had some difficulty) 2 underwent a sphincterotomy and one a transurethral prostatectomy. The low percentage of complete recovery was due to the delayed arrival at the decompression chamber. Key words: Diving; Decompression sickness; Urinary disturbances. Introduction Diving for sponge fishery is the main professional occupation of the young men in the South-East Aegean islands. Although the use of recompression has decreased the number of decompression sickness victims, patients with remaining neurological problems still present. During the last 20 years, although there is a decrease of the professional divers' accidents there is an increase of the number of patients with decompression sickness. This is due to the continuously increasing numbers of sport divers in Greece. In Greece, the field of underwater medicine is covered mainly by the Naval Medical Service. -
VR Series Dive Computer Manual
VR Technology Limited To ensure your user information is up to date. Please check www.technologyindepth.com for updates to this manual. VR Series Dive Computer Manual VR Dive Computer Operations Manual 2009 rev E 28/01/2009 1 VR Technology Limited Model Name VRX/VR3 Manufactured by VR Technology Limited Unit 12 Blackhill Road West Holton Heath Industrial Estate Poole Dorset BH16 6LE England UK WARNING Diving is an adventurous sport and should not be undertaken without receiving the necessary training from a recognised training agency. VR Dive Computer Operations Manual 2009 rev E 28/01/2009 2 VR Technology Limited Table of Contents Model Name...................................................................................................................2 Manufactured by ............................................................................................................2 Getting Started ...............................................................................................................7 Battery............................................................................................................................7 Power Monkey charging option (VRx)..........................................................................8 Switches .....................................................................................................................8 Home Screen..................................................................................................................9 The Home Screen features.........................................................................................9 -
Dysbarism - Barotrauma
DYSBARISM - BAROTRAUMA Introduction Dysbarism is the term given to medical complications of exposure to gases at higher than normal atmospheric pressure. It includes barotrauma, decompression illness and nitrogen narcosis. Barotrauma occurs as a consequence of excessive expansion or contraction of gas within enclosed body cavities. Barotrauma principally affects the: 1. Lungs (most importantly): Lung barotrauma may result in: ● Gas embolism ● Pneumomediastinum ● Pneumothorax. 2. Eyes 3. Middle / Inner ear 4. Sinuses 5. Teeth / mandible 6. GIT (rarely) Any illness that develops during or post div.ing must be considered to be diving- related until proven otherwise. Any patient with neurological symptoms in particular needs urgent referral to a specialist in hyperbaric medicine. See also separate document on Dysbarism - Decompression Illness (in Environmental folder). Terminology The term dysbarism encompasses: ● Decompression illness And ● Barotrauma And ● Nitrogen narcosis Decompression illness (DCI) includes: 1. Decompression sickness (DCS) (or in lay terms, the “bends”): ● Type I DCS: ♥ Involves the joints or skin only ● Type II DCS: ♥ Involves all other pain, neurological injury, vestibular and pulmonary symptoms. 2. Arterial gas embolism (AGE): ● Due to pulmonary barotrauma releasing air into the circulation. Epidemiology Diving is generally a safe undertaking. Serious decompression incidents occur approximately only in 1 in 10,000 dives. However, because of high participation rates, there are about 200 - 300 cases of significant decompression illness requiring treatment in Australia each year. It is estimated that 10 times this number of divers experience less severe illness after diving. Physics Boyle’s Law: The air pressure at sea level is 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA). Alternative units used for 1 ATA include: ● 101.3 kPa (SI units) ● 1.013 Bar ● 10 meters of sea water (MSW) ● 760 mm of mercury (mm Hg) ● 14.7 pounds per square inch (PSI) For every 10 meters a diver descends in seawater, the pressure increases by 1 ATA. -
8. Decompression Procedures Diver
TDI Standards and Procedures Part 2: TDI Diver Standards 8. Decompression Procedures Diver 8.1 Introduction This course examines the theory, methods and procedures of planned stage decompression diving. This program is designed as a stand-alone course or it may be taught in conjunction with TDI Advanced Nitrox, Advanced Wreck, or Full Cave Course. The objective of this course is to train divers how to plan and conduct a standard staged decompression dive not exceeding a maximum depth of 45 metres / 150 feet. The most common equipment requirements, equipment set-up and decompression techniques are presented. Students are permitted to utilize enriched air nitrox (EAN) mixes or oxygen for decompression provided the gas mix is within their current certification level. 8.2 Qualifications of Graduates Upon successful completion of this course, graduates may engage in decompression diving activities without direct supervision provided: 1. The diving activities approximate those of training 2. The areas of activities approximate those of training 3. Environmental conditions approximate those of training Upon successful completion of this course, graduates are qualified to enroll in: 1. TDI Advanced Nitrox Course 2. TDI Extended Range Course 3. TDI Advanced Wreck Course 4. TDI Trimix Course 8.3 Who May Teach Any active TDI Decompression Procedures Instructor may teach this course Version 0221 67 TDI Standards and Procedures Part 2: TDI Diver Standards 8.4 Student to Instructor Ratio Academic 1. Unlimited, so long as adequate facility, supplies and time are provided to ensure comprehensive and complete training of subject matter Confined Water (swimming pool-like conditions) 1. -
T1, U-2 and L1 Transmitters™ Software V3.06 April 22, 2014
™ Air Integrated Dive Computer User Manual ™ Air Integrated Dive Computer Software v1.18 Ultrasonic software v1.11 And T1, U-2 and L1 Transmitters™ Software v3.06 April 22, 2014 Liquivision Products, Inc -1- Manual 1.6; Lynx 1.18; US 1.11; U-2 3.06 ™ Air Integrated Dive Computer User Manual CONTENTS IMPORTANT NOTICES ............................................................................................................................... 8 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 User Agreement and Warranty ....................................................................................................................... 9 User Manual .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Liquivision Limitation of Liability ............................................................................................................... 10 Trademark Notice ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Patent Notice ............................................................................................................................................... 10 CE ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 LYNX -
Leonardo User Manual
Direction for use Computer Leonardo ENGLISH cressi.com 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Main specifications page 4 TIME SET mode: General recommendations Date and time adjustment page 31 and safety measures page 5 SYSTEM mode: Introduction page 10 Setting of measurement unit and reset page 31 1 - COMPUTER CONTROL 3 - WHILE DIVING: COMPUTER Operation of the Leonardo computer page 13 FUNCTIONS 2 - BEFORE DIVING Diving within no decompression limits page 36 DIVE SET mode: DIVE AIR function: Setting of dive parameters page 16 Dive with Air page 37 Oxygen partial pressure (PO2) page 16 DIVE NITROX function: Nitrox - Percentage of the oxygen (FO2) page 18 Dive with Nitrox page 37 Dive Safety Factor (SF) page 22 Before a Nitrox dive page 37 Deep Stop page 22 Diving with Nitrox page 40 Altitude page 23 CNS toxicity display page 40 PLAN mode: PO2 alarm page 43 Dive planning page 27 Ascent rate page 45 GAGE mode: Safety Stop page 45 Depth gauge and timer page 27 Decompression forewarning page 46 Deep Stop page 46 3 Diving outside no decompression limits page 50 5 - CARE AND MAINTENANCE Omitted Decompression stage alarm page 51 Battery replacement page 71 GAGE MODE depth gauge and timer) page 52 6 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Use of the computer with 7 - WARRANTY poor visibility page 56 4 - ON SURFACE AFTER DIVING Data display and management page 59 Surface interval page 59 PLAN function - Dive plan page 60 LOG BOOK function - Dive log page 61 HISTORY function - Dive history page 65 DIVE PROFILE function - Dive profile page 65 PCLINK function Pc compatible interface page 66 System Reset Reset of the instrument page 70 4 Congratulations on your purchase of your Leo - trox) dive. -
Flesh-Footed Shearwater Population Monitoring 2018/19
Flesh-footed shearwater population monitoring and estimates: 2018/19 season DOC- 5979590 Flesh-footed shearwater population monitoring and estimates: 2018/19 season Patrick Crowe Mike Bell Wildlife Management International Ltd PO Box 607 Blenheim 7240 New Zealand www.wmil.co.nz This report was prepared by Wildlife Management International Limited for the Department of Conservation as partial fulfilment of the project POP2018-04 Flesh-footed Shearwater Research, contract dated 9 November 2018. 14 June 2019 This report should be cited as: Crowe, P.; Bell, M. 2019. Flesh-footed shearwater population monitoring and estimates: 2018/19 season. Report prepared by Wildlife Management International Limited for the New Zealand Department of Conservation, Wellington. 32p. All photographs in this report are copyright © WMIL unless otherwise credited, in which case the person or organisation credited is the copyright holder DOC- 5979590 Executive Summary This report covers the population monitoring of flesh-footed shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes) on Ohinau and Lady Alice Islands carried out under Conservation Services Programme project POP2018- 04. It also covers two flesh-footed shearwater population estimates: Lady Alice Island and Motumahanga Island. During the 2018/19 season we monitored 247 and 264 study burrows on Ohinau and Lady Alice Island respectively. The breeding success on Ohinau Island was 62%, down from 68% in the previous season. Breeding success on Lady Alice Island remained consistently low at 52%. There was no significant difference in breeding success between the two islands. Burrowscope (control) burrows, had a higher measured breeding success on both islands, however, the difference was again not statistically significant. We were able to identify both partners in 81% of burrows on Ohinau Island and 95% of burrows on Lady Alice Island. -
Dive Kit List Intro
Dive Kit List Intro We realise that for new divers the array of dive equipment available can be slightly daunting! The following guide should help you choose dive gear that is suitable for your Blue Ventures expedition, without going overboard. Each section will highlight features to consider when choosing equipment, taking into account both budget and quality. Diving equipment can be expensive so we don’t want you to invest in something that will turn out to be a waste of money or a liability during your expedition! Contents Must haves Mask Snorkel Fins Booties Exposure protection DSMB and reel Slate and pencils Dive computer Dive manuals Highly recommended Cutting tool Compass Underwater light Optional Regulator BCD Dry bag Extra stuff Contact us Mask Brands: Aqualung, Atomic, Cressi, Hollis, Mares, Oceanic, Scubapro, Tusa Recommended: Cressi Big Eyes. Great quality for a comparatively lower price. http://www.cressi.com/Catalogue/Details.asp?id=17 Oceanic Shadow Mask. Frameless mask, which makes it easy to put flat into your luggage or BCD pocket. http://www.oceanicuk.com/shadow-mask.html Aqualung Linea Mask. Keeps long hair from getting tangled in the buckle while also being frameless. https://www.aqualung.com/us/gear/masks/item/74-linea Tusa neoprene strap cover. Great accessory for your mask in order to keep your hair from getting tangled in the mask and increasing the ease of donning and doffing your mask. http://www.tusa.com/eu-en/Tusa/Accessories/MS-20_MASK_STRAP To be considered: The most important feature when you buy a mask is fit. The best way to find out if it is the right mask for you is to place the mask against your face as if you were wearing it without the strap, and inhaling through your nose. -
Nitrox Recreational Mode - Perdix
Nitrox Recreational Mode - Perdix User Manual Shearwater Perdix Nitrox Recreational Mode 8. System Setup+ ...........................................................18 Table of Contents 8�1� Dive Setup ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Mode �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Table of Contents �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 Salinity ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Conventions Used in this Manual �����������������������������������������������������������������������3 8�2� Deco Setup ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 1. Introduction .................................................................. 4 Conservatism ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 1�1� Features ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 Safety Stop ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 8�3� Bottom Row ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 2. Modes Covered by this Manual ................................. 5 8�4� Nitrox Gases ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� -
A Primer for Technical Diving Decompression Theory
SCUBA AA PPRRIIMMEERR FFOORR TECH TTEECCHHNNIICCAALL DDIIVVIINNGG DDEECCOOMMPPRREESSSSIIOONN PHILIPPINES TTHHEEOORRYY 1 | P a g e ©Andy Davis 2015 www.scubatechphilippines.com Sidemount, Technical & Wreck Guide | Andy Davis First Published 2016 All documents compiled in this publication are open-source and freely available on the internet. Copyright Is applicable to the named authors stated within the document. Cover and logo images are copyright to ScubaTechPhilippines/Andy Davis. Not for resale. This publication is not intended to be used as a substitute for appropriate dive training. Diving is a dangerous sport and proper training should only be conducted under the safe supervision of an appropriate, active, diving instructor until you are fully qualified, and then, only in conditions and circumstances which are as good or better than the conditions in which you were trained. Technical scuba diving should be taught by a specialized instructor with training credentials and experience at that level of diving. Careful risk assessment, continuing education and skill practice may reduce your likelihood of an accident, but are in no means a guarantee of complete safety. This publication assumes a basic understanding of diving skills and knowledge. It should be used to complement the undertaking of prerequisite training on the route to enrolling upon technical diving training. 2 | P a g e ©Andy Davis 2015 www.scubatechphilippines.com This primer on decompression theory is designed as a supplement to your technical diving training. Becoming familiar with the concepts and terms outlined in this document will enable you to get the most out of your theory training with me; and subsequently enjoy safer, more refined dive planning and management in your technical diving activities. -
Near Drowning
Near Drowning McHenry Western Lake County EMS Definition • Near drowning means the person almost died from not being able to breathe under water. Near Drownings • Defined as: Survival of Victim for more than 24* following submission in a fluid medium. • Leading cause of death in children 1-4 years of age. • Second leading cause of death in children 1-14 years of age. • 85 % are caused from falls into pools or natural bodies of water. • Male/Female ratio is 4-1 Near Drowning • Submersion injury occurs when a person is submerged in water, attempts to breathe, and either aspirates water (wet) or has laryngospasm (dry). Response • If a person has been rescued from a near drowning situation, quick first aid and medical attention are extremely important. Statistics • 6,000 to 8,000 people drown each year. Most of them are within a short distance of shore. • A person who is drowning can not shout for help. • Watch for uneven swimming motions that indicate swimmer is getting tired Statistics • Children can drown in only a few inches of water. • Suspect an accident if you see someone fully clothed • If the person is a cold water drowning, you may be able to revive them. Near Drowning Risk Factor by Age 600 500 400 300 Male Female 200 100 0 0-4 yr 5-9 yr 10-14 yr 15-19 Ref: Paul A. Checchia, MD - Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital Near Drowning • “Tragically 90% of all fatal submersion incidents occur within ten yards of safety.” Robinson, Ped Emer Care; 1987 Causes • Leaving small children unattended around bath tubs and pools • Drinking -
Effect of Active Abdominal Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Oxygen Metabolism and Prognosis in Patients with Cardiac Arrest
ARC Journal of Anesthesiology Volume 2, Issue 4, 2017, PP 24-31 ISSN 2455-9792 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2455-9792.0204004 www.arcjournals.org Effect of Active Abdominal Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Oxygen Metabolism and Prognosis in Patients with Cardiac Arrest Sha Xin1, Zhang Sisen1 *, Wang Hongwei1, Cen Yingxin1, Song Wei2, Li Jing3, Wang Lixiang4 1Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou,China 2Hainan Provincial People's Hospital Emergency Medical Center, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China (Song W) 3Beijing GMR Medical Equipment Company, Ltd. Beijing 100038, China (Li J) 4Emergency Medical Center, China Armed Police General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China (Wang LX) *Corresponding Author: Zhang Sisen, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou People's Hospital Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Henan 450003, Zhengzhou, China, Email: [email protected] Abstract Objective: To analysis effect of active abdominal compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (AACD-CPR) and standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (STD-CPR) on oxygen metabolism prognostic of cardiac arrest (CA), to evaluate treatment effect of AACD-CPR. Methods: Breathing, cardiac arrest patients without STD-CPR and AACD-CPR contraindications was collected from October 1, 2015 to May 31, 2017 in Zhengzhou people's Hospital, CA time less than 30 minutes, and all the patients were randomly divided into STD-CPR group and AACD-CPR group. All patients were given the same rescue measures, if required to give defibrillation defibrillation. STD-CPR group in accordance with the guidelines for CPR operation (2015 Edition), AACD-CPR group recovered using abdominal lifting and compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation instrument.