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Andrays University Volume 45 Spring 2007 Number 1 ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES The Journal of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary of Andrew University, Bcrrien Springs, Michigan 49104-1500, U.S.A. Editors: Jerry Moon and John W. Reevc Assistant Editor: Karen K. Abrahamson Copy Editors: Leona G. Running and Richard Choi Book Review Editor: John W. Reeve Book Review Manager: Erhard Gallos Circdation Manager: Erhard Gallos Managing Board Denis Fortin, Dean of the Seminary, chair,Jerry Moon, secretary; Lyndon G. Furst, Dean of the School of Graduate Studies; Ron Knott, Director, Andrews University Press; Richard Choi; Ken Mulzac; and John W. Recve. Phone: (269) 471 -6023 Fax: (269) 471-6202 Electronic Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.auss.info A rcferccd journal, AND~WSUNIGITERSITY SEMINAKY STUDIES provides a scholarly vcnuc, within the context of biblical faith, for thc presentation of research in thc area of rcligious and biblical studies. AUJS publishcs research articles, dissertation abstracts, and book reviews on thc following topics: biblical archaeology and history of antiquity; IIebrew Bible; New Testament; church history of all periods; historical, biblical, and systematic and philosophical theology; ethics; history of religions; and missions. Selected research articlcs on ministry and Christian education may also be includcd. The opinions expressed in articles, book reviews, etc., are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the vicws of the editors or of the Seventh-day Adventist 'l'hcological Seminary. Subscription Information: ANDREWSUNII/ERS~~SEMINARYJTUDIES is published in the Spring and the Autumn. The subscription rates for 2007 are as follows: Institutions Individuals Students/lietirees *Air mail rates available upon request Price for Single Copy is $12.00 in U.S.A. Funds. Printing by Patterson Printing, Bcnton I Iarbor, Michigan. ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES Volume 45 Spring 2007 Number 1 CONTENTS ARTICLES NEW TESTAMENT TONSTAD,SIGVE. The Revisionary Potential of "Abba! Father!" in the Letters of Paul ............................. 5 CHURCH HISTORY COHICK,LYNN H. Virginity Unveiled: Terdian's Veiling of Vi~insand Historical Women in the First Three Centuries A.D. ........................... 19 MORGAN,DOUGLAS. The Beginnings of a Peace Church: Eschatology, Ethrcs, and Expedience in Seventh- day Adventist Responses to the Civil War .................. 35 SABES,JANE. Popes and Presidents: The Relationship of Domestic Politics and Religion in International Affairs ............................................... 45 OLD TESTAMENT COLE,H. ROSS.Genesis l:14--Translation Notes ............... 63 MULZAC,KENNETH D. Is Jeremiah 39:15-18 Out of Order? ....... 69 ARCHAEOLOGY YOUNKER,RANDALL W., DAVIDMERLING, PAUL RAY, MARK ZIESE,PAUL GREGOR, CONSTANCE GANE, AND KATHERINEKOUDELE. Preliminary Report of the 2000, 2004, and 2005 Seasons at Tall Jalul, Jordan (Madaba PlainsProject) ........................................ 73 THEOLOGY CANALE,FERNANDO. Absolute Theological Truth in Postmodern Times .................................... 87 DAVIDSON,JO ANN.Creator, Creation, and Church: Restoring Ecology to Theology ......................... 101 KIS, MIROSLAV.Theology and Life: Attending totheGap .......................................... 123 ROBERTSON,TERRY. Academic Writing and Theologcal Inqulry .............................................131 DISSERTATION ABSTRACT BAUER,STEPHEN. Moral Implications of Darwinian Evolution for Human Preference in Christian Ethics: A Critical Analysis and Response to the "Moral Individualism" of James Rachels .....................................143 BOOK REVIEWS Brode, Douglas. From Walt to Woodstock: How Disny Created the Cot/lzterc~/lt~/re(LAEL CAESAR) ................... 144 Damsteegt, P. Gerard. The Great Contmvery Experience: First Centwy Christianig, vol. 1 (ALBERTOR. TIMM)............................ Douglas, Herbert E. Tmth Matters: AnAnalysis ofthe Purpose Driven Life Movement (JAN VOERMAN)............ 147 Fahlbusch, Erwin, et al., eds. The Encyclopedia of Christianity, VO~.4, P-Sh (GEORGER. KNIGHT)........................ 148 Kuhn, Wagner. Christian Reliefand Devehpment: Biblical, Historical, and Contemporary Perspectives ofthe Holistic Gospel (DOUGMATACIO) ......................... 149 Lee, Harold L., with Monte Sahlin. Brad: Visionary Spiritual Leadership (TREVORO'REGGIO) .................. 15 1 Mcmbben, Bill. The CoPnforting Whirlwind: God, Job and the Scale of Creation (H.THOMAS GOODWIN) ................ 153 McWilliams, Warren. Where is the God OfJ~stice?Biblical Perspectives on S~fering(DEREK NUTT) ..................... 154 Noll, Mark. America's God: From Jonathan Edward to Abraham Lincoln (NICHOLASMILLER) ...................... 156 Pearcey, Nancy. Total Truth: Liberating Christianity From Its Cultural Captivity (TIMOTHYG. STANDISH) .............. 1 57 Roberts, J. Deotis. Bonhoefer and King: Speaking Tmth to Power (JoANN DAVIDSON) ........................... 159 Wirzba, Norman. Ljving the Sabbath: Discovering the Rhythms ofRest and Delzght (Jo ANNDAVIDSON) ................... 160 The articles in this journal are indexed, abstracted, or listed in: Elencbzu ofBibdca; Intemationak Zeitschn;ftenschau fir Bibelmi-senschaj and Gnnqebiete; New Testament Abstracts; Inakx tbeobgi~t//s/ZeitscbnjEenit~ba~s&en~Theobgie; OM Testament Abstracts; Orientadstische Literatzqeittlng; Rehgion Inhx One, Periodicah; Rehgious and Tbeologcal Abstracts; Seventh-hy Adventist Periodical Index; Tbeobgische Zeitschrift; Zeitscbn$fir aie alttestamenthbe Wissenscbaj. Copyright O 2007 by Andrews University Press ISSN 0003-2980 Andrenu Univcr@ Seminary Studies, Vol. 45, No. 1,5-18. Copyright O 2007 Andrews University Press. THE REVISIONARY POTENTIAL OF "ABBA! FATHER!" IN THE LETTERS OF PAUL SIGVETONSTAD Lorna Linda University Lorna Linda, California Introduction The term "Abba! Father!" is used three times in the NT, two instances of whlch are Padme (Mark 14:36;Rom 8:l5; Gal 46). In Mark, the phrase belongs to Jesus' prayer in Gethsemane, but in Galatians and Romans it communicates the transformed outlook of the newfound faith experience. It is the aim of the present inquiry to show that the expression "Abba! Father!" holds untapped potential for revising the contemporary perception of the theology of Paul, and, perhaps more importantly, maps an easier route toward the appropriation of Paul's message on the part of "ordinary" readers. In Galatians, the NRJVuses the wording, "And because you are chddren, God has sent the Spirit of hs Son into our hearts, crying, 'Abba! Father!"' (Gal 4:6). In Romans, choosing the NKJb7 for ease of comparison, Paul writes that "you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, 'Abba, Father"' (Rom 8:15). These exclamations connote a comprehensive scope, a representative character, and an experiential quality that together constitute potent revisionary material in both letters. While the present inquiry prioritizes Galatians over Romans, this should not be taken to mean that the expression "Abba! Father!" is less important in Romans or that a more thorough analysis of its function in Romans would yleld a dfferent result. '2b ba! Fat'her! " in Context The Structure of Galatians Attempts to elucidate the structure of Galatians have failed to yield a consensus, but no one can ignore the seminal proposal of Hans Dieter Betz to read the letter as meticulously structured rhetoric belonging to the "apologetic letter" genre.' Betz's structural analysis has run into opposition as to the type of rhetoric employed,2as well as on the proposed structural divisions,j but what 'H. D. Betz, "The Literary Composition and Function of Paul's Letter to the Galatians," NTS 21 (1975): 354. 2Joop Smit argues against Betz that the rhetoric of Galatians is deliberative rather than judicial ("The Letter of Paul to the Galatians: A Deliberative Speech," NTS 35 [1989], 1-26),whereas J. Louis Martyn, while admitting that elements in the letter that are judicial (1:17-24; 217-21) and deliberative (5:l 3-&lo),holds that "the body of the is probably his most significant observation does not depend on agreement on these points. According to Betz, "the most important argument, which runs through the entire letter, is the argument from e~perience."~Experience, billed by rhetoricians as the element least susceptible to rhetorical subversion,5figures prominently at the beginning (3:l-4) and the closing (4:6) of the "proof' section of the letter.6With the exclamation "Abba! Father!" Paul not only refers to experience, but succeeds in drawing his most powerful argument from the mouth of those whom he seeks to persuade. Indeed, if J. Louis Martyn is correct that Paul's rhetoric in Galatians is "more revelatory and performative than hortatory and persuasive,"' the recipients of the letter are enlisted as codeclarers and coannouncers of the new reality. Their participation in this task is nowhere more evident than in their cry, "Abba! Father!" The Allusive Quality of "Abba! Father!" The ddogxal nature of Galatians suggests that we are privy to a conversation in progress, and reminders of previous stages in the ongoing conversation are evident in phrases and ideas sprinkled throughout the letter in the form of telling allusions. Richard B. Hays has done readers of Paul a great service by pointing out the underlying narrative assumption of the letters that form the basis for these allusions.* For instance, when Paul