DOCSLIB.ORG

Slavery and Manumission in Baltimore and Early National Maryland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Slavery and Manumission in Baltimore and Early National Maryland University of Kentucky UKnowledge African American Studies Race, Ethnicity, and Post-Colonial Studies 1997 The Price of Freedom: Slavery and Manumission in Baltimore and Early National Maryland T. Stephen Whitman Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Whitman, T. Stephen, "The Price of Freedom: Slavery and Manumission in Baltimore and Early National Maryland" (1997). African American Studies. 19. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_african_american_studies/19 THE PRICE OF FREEDOM This page intentionally left blank THE PRICE OF FREEDOM SLAVERY AND MANUMISSION IN BALTIMORE AND EARLY NATIONAL MARYLAND T. Stephen Whitman THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Publication of this volume was made possible in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Copyright 1997 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine College, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Club Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whitman, T. Stephen, 1950- The price of freedom : slavery and manumission in Baltimore and early national Maryland I T. Stephen Whitman. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8131-5554-8 1. Slavery-Maryland. 2. Slavery-Maryland-Baltimore. 3. Slaves-Emancipation-Maryland. 4. Slaves-Emancipation­ Maryland-Baltimore. 5. Maryland-History. 6. Maryland-Race relations. 7. Baltimore (Md.)-History. 8. Baltimore (Md.)-Race relations. I. Title. E445.M3W45 1997 975.2'00496-dc20 96-27386 This book is printed on acid To Dorothy]. and Aaron T. Whitman This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Maps ix List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1 SLAVERY IN EARLY NATIONAL BALTIMORE AND RURAL MARYLAND 8 2 INDUSTRIAL SLAVERY IN BALTIMORE 33 3 THE BLACK DRIVE FOR AUTONOMY AND MASTERS' RESPONSES 6r 4 MANUMISSION AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF SLAVERY 93 5 FREE BLACK FAMILY STRATEGIES FOR GAINING FREEDOM rr9 6 POLITICAL-ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND FREE BLACKS 140 Conclusions 158 Appendix A: Baltimore Slaveholders, 1790-1820 167 Appendix B: Occupational Categories 170 Appendix C: Sale Prices of Term Slaves and Slaves for Life 175 Notes 178 Bibliography 216 Index 233 This page intentionally left blank ILLUSTRATIONS 1. BUSINESS CARD OF MARYLAND CHEMICAL WORKS, 1828 44 2. FARDY AND AULD'S SHIPYARD, 1854 59 3. BROADSIDE, 1810 ro6 4. BROADSIDE, 1825 ro7 5. BALTIMORE STREET, 1811 146 MAPS 1. STATE OF MARYLAND, 1794 34 2. CITY AND ENVIRONS OF BALTIMORE, 1801 38 This page intentionally left blank TABLES 1. Slave Population in Baltimore, Dorchester, and Prince George's Counties, 1790-1860 10 2. Slaveholding and Wealth: Proportions of Slaveholders by Deciles of Taxable Wealth, Baltimore, 1813 17 3. Slaveholding and Wealth: Craftsmen and Manufacturers versus Other Wealth Holders, Baltimore, 1813 18 4. Numbers of Slaves Held by Craftsmen and Manufacturers, in Comparison to Slaveholders of Other Known Occupations, 1790-1820 19 5. Free and Slave Workers: Employment Duration at the Maryland Chemical Works 41 6. Number of Slaves and Free Workers at the Maryland Chemical Works 42 7. Annual Cost per Slave at the Maryland Chemical Works, 1828 55 8. Annual Cost per Slave at the Maryland Chemical Works, 1829 56 9. Destinations of Male Runaways from Baltimore Masters and Runaway Rates, 1773-1820 70 10. Conditions of Slave Sales Imposed by Baltimore Sellers, 1791-1820 76 11. Slave Dealing and Runaway Rates, 1811-1820 79 12. Advertisements for Sales of Baltimore Slave Women of Childbearing Age, 1791-1820 82 13. Manumission of Children, 1770-1830 133 14. Immediate Manumission of Children by Sex and Age at Freedom 134 15. Delayed Manumissions of Children: Sex and Length of Service 135 This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank those who have helped me with this work. My colleagues at Mount St. Mary's have given me time to work and a summer study grant that enabled me to use that time to write. The archivists and staff of the Maryland State Archives and the Maryland Historical Society have unfailingly done a superb job, not only in ob­ taining materials I wanted, but also in helping me to figure out what might aid my inquiries. Many fellow researchers at the archives have shared ideas, but I owe a special debt of gratitude to Lois Green Carr and Phoebe Jacobsen for their sustained interest, encouragement, and observations. Chapters 2 and 4 have appeared in different form as ar­ ticles in the Journal of Southern History and Social Science History respectively; the editors' and anonymous referees' comments have been useful and enlightening. Stephanie Cole, Christine Daniels, Curt Johnson, Robert Olwell, Chris Phillips, James Rice, Stephen Sarson, James Sidbury, and Frank Towers have all read portions of this work and provided valuable comments. William Freehling's seminar on antebel­ lum history first sparked my interest in slavery and manumission, an interest nurtured by his subsequent support and insights and by his invaluable suggestions on how to revise the work for publication. Jack Greene kindly invited me to present my work at an informal workshop on slavery in 1993; the comments of the participants, especially Wilma King's, gave me several new ideas to pursue. To Ronald Walters, who supervised this work at the dissertation stage, my thanks not only for his indefatigable efforts to sharpen my thinking and writing, but also for his even-tempered dealing with an advisee who might easily have exhausted his patience. This page intentionally left blank INTRODUCTION During the first half century of American independence, Baltimore's population multiplied to make it the nation's third largest city. Within a single life span the mid­ eighteenth-century village at the mouth of Jones' Falls Creek swelled to a city of eighty thousand souls, spreading northeastward from the Patapsco River to Fells' Point in a crescent-shaped swarm of houses, shops, mills, and shipyards. In this vibrant and tumultuous environ­ ment, with spurts of virtually volcanic growth punctuated by short but prostrating slumps, workers of all statuses, whether free, apprenticed, indentured, or enslaved, were sought out by merchants, manufacturers, and craftsmen. Until the prolonged hard times of the 1820s, entrepre­ neurs regarded bound workers as key assets in seeking steady produc­ tion and profits from Baltimore's first flowering. Maryland's blacks played a vital part in making both Baltimore's fortunes and their own. Arriving as slaves either purchased from or migrating with masters leaving the Eastern and lower Western Shores of Maryland, they soon seized opportunities to earn money for them­ selves as well as their masters. For many, hard labor and its earnings became tools with which to carve out autonomy within slavery and, ultimately, to propel themselves out of slavery through self-purchase or manumission granted after a further term of service. So widespread were such manumissions that by 1830 four-fifths of Baltimore's blacks were legally free, the largest group of free people of color in any U.S. city. Meanwhile, blacks elsewhere in Maryland achieved freedom much more slowly, though still in impressive numbers. Nearly three-quarters of the state's rural blacks were still slaves in 1830. Before 1850 free persons of color outnumbered slaves only in Cecil and Caroline Coun­ ties, the former abutting on free Pennsylvania and the latter on north­ ern Delaware, where slavery had become moribund. Thus, Baltimore's hinterlands remained strongly committed to slave labor even as blacks transformed the city into an island of freedom. 1 2 The Price of Freedom Understanding Maryland's and Baltimore's experience with slavery and emancipation requires locating Maryland and Baltimore in con­ text, both spatially and temporally. On the eve of the American Revo­ lution every colony of British North America had slaves, and as Jack Greene has noted, their numbers were everywhere on the increase, even in such unlikely milieus as New Hampshire.1 But something happened over the next fifty years. By the 1820s slavery had become almost en­ tirely southern, as states from Pennsylvania northward gradually abol­ ished it. Accounting for this dramatic change in American society has generated a torrent of historical analysis and controversy. One broad band of thinking, perhaps best exemplified by the work of David Brion Davis, stresses the development of antislavery sensibili­ ties in seeking to explain the geographic contraction of slavery: in the late eighteenth century, large numbers of people first began to think and write that slavery was wrong, even indefensibly wrong, in a moral or religious sense. 2 These sensibilities, reinforced by republicanism
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Politics of Ambiguity Conditional Manumission, Labor Contracts, and Slave Emancipation in Brazil (1850S–1888)*
    Sidney Chalhoub The Politics of Ambiguity Conditional Manumission, Labor Contracts, and Slave Emancipation in Brazil (1850s–1888)* Introduction The historical process that made liberalism, old and new, the guiding ideology of Western societies brought with it the invention of new forms of unfree labor. Lib- eralism and free labor, ancien regime and serfdom and/or slavery are no longer unproblematic pairs of historical intelligibility. The first half of the nineteenth century did not see the weakening of slavery in the Americas at all, but just the partial relocation of it. The institution of slavery gradually disappeared in the British and French Caribbean while it became stronger in Brazil, Cuba, and the US South.1 In the second half of the nineteenth century, as the nightmare of an international order based on slavery was finally defeated in the American Civil War,2 there emerged extremely aggressive racist ideologies that justified Western imperial expansion and the persistence of forced labor in Africa and elsewhere. Actually, it boggles the mind to think that for so long it seemed possible to con- ceive of the nineteenth century as a time of transition from slavery to freedom, from bondage to contractual and/or free labor. In fact, contract labor, however diverse in its forms, was often thought of as a form of coerced labor, with workers * This article was first published under the same title in International Review of Social History, Vol. 60 (2015), pp. 161–191 doi:10.1017/S0020859015000176 © 2015 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis, published by Cambridge University Press, reproduced with permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Form 309F (For Corporations Or Partnerships)
    17-22445-rdd Doc 9 Filed 03/28/17 Entered 03/28/17 11:28:37 Ch 11 First Mtg Corp/Part Pg 1 of 3 Information to identify the case: Debtor Metro Newspaper Advertising Services, Inc. EIN 13−1038730 Name United States Bankruptcy Court Southern District of New York Date case filed for chapter 11 3/27/17 Case number: 17−22445−rdd Official Form 309F (For Corporations or Partnerships) Notice of Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Case 12/15 For the debtor listed above, a case has been filed under chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. An order for relief has been entered. This notice has important information about the case for creditors, debtors, and trustees, including information about the meeting of creditors and deadlines. Read both pages carefully. The filing of the case imposed an automatic stay against most collection activities. This means that creditors generally may not take action to collect debts from the debtor or the debtor's property. For example, while the stay is in effect, creditors cannot sue, assert a deficiency, repossess property, or otherwise try to collect from the debtor. Creditors cannot demand repayment from the debtor by mail, phone, or otherwise. Creditors who violate the stay can be required to pay actual and punitive damages and attorney's fees. Confirmation of a chapter 11 plan may result in a discharge of debt. A creditor who wants to have a particular debt excepted from discharge may be required to file a complaint in the bankruptcy clerk's office within the deadline specified in this notice.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Flight: Racial Shuffling in American Metropolitan Areas (Orly
    Population Association of America(PAA) Extended Abstract-2013 Meeting September 21, 2012 Black Flight: Racial Shuffling in American Metropolitan Areas (Orly Clerge & Hilary Silver) Scholars usually refer to "Black Flight," or the rapid geographical mobility of African- Americans, as the return migration of African-Americans to cities in the American South (Frey 2011). Black population gains from 2000 to 2010 mostly occurred in the metropolitan areas of the South, led by Atlanta, Dallas, and Houston. In contrast, black population in metropolitan New York, Chicago, and Detroit fell for the first time. In addition to this black inter-metropolitan mobility, there is evidence of intra-metropolitan movement as well. In line with Chicago School theory (Frey 1979; South & Crowder 1997a, b), urban sociologists have applied the conventional term “white flight” to middle- and working- class African-Americans who move out of neighborhoods where the black poor move in and who move into neighborhoods from which whites fled. For example, Woldoff (2011) demonstrates that after white flight, the initially "pioneering" blacks flee to other neighborhoods or adjust to the new segregated residential environment into which an incoming second wave of black neighbors arrive (see also Patillo-McCoy 2000). Patillo (2007), Hyra (2008), and Freeman also discuss how all black neighborhoods have gentrified, creating class conflicts within the same areas. The class-selective understanding of Black Flight can be confused with “black suburbanization" more generally.
    [Show full text]
  • The Woman-Slave Analogy: Rhetorical Foundations in American
    The Woman-Slave Analogy: Rhetorical Foundations in American Culture, 1830-1900 Ana Lucette Stevenson BComm (dist.), BA (HonsI) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2014 School of History, Philosophy, Religion and Classics I Abstract During the 1830s, Sarah Grimké, the abolitionist and women’s rights reformer from South Carolina, stated: “It was when my soul was deeply moved at the wrongs of the slave that I first perceived distinctly the subject condition of women.” This rhetorical comparison between women and slaves – the woman-slave analogy – emerged in Europe during the seventeenth century, but gained peculiar significance in the United States during the nineteenth century. This rhetoric was inspired by the Revolutionary Era language of liberty versus tyranny, and discourses of slavery gained prominence in the reform culture that was dominated by the American antislavery movement and shared among the sisterhood of reforms. The woman-slave analogy functioned on the idea that the position of women was no better – nor any freer – than slaves. It was used to critique the exclusion of women from a national body politic based on the concept that “all men are created equal.” From the 1830s onwards, this analogy came to permeate the rhetorical practices of social reformers, especially those involved in the antislavery, women’s rights, dress reform, suffrage and labour movements. Sarah’s sister, Angelina, asked: “Can you not see that women could do, and would do a hundred times more for the slave if she were not fettered?” My thesis explores manifestations of the woman-slave analogy through the themes of marriage, fashion, politics, labour, and sex.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bankruptcy of Detroit: What Role Did Race Play?
    The Bankruptcy of Detroit: What Role did Race Play? Reynolds Farley* University of Michigan at Michigan Perhaps no city in the United States has a longer and more vibrant history of racial conflict than Detroit. It is the only city where federal troops have been dispatched to the streets four times to put down racial bloodshed. By the 1990s, Detroit was the quintessential “Chocolate City-Vanilla Suburbs” metropolis. In 2013, Detroit be- came the largest city to enter bankruptcy. It is an oversimplification and inaccurate to argue that racial conflict and segregation caused the bankruptcy of Detroit. But racial issues were deeply intertwined with fundamental population shifts and em- ployment changes that together diminished the tax base of the city. Consideration is also given to the role continuing racial disparity will play in the future of Detroit after bankruptcy. INTRODUCTION The city of Detroit ran out of funds to pay its bills in early 2013. Emergency Man- ager Kevyn Orr, with the approval of Michigan Governor Snyder, sought and received bankruptcy protection from the federal court and Detroit became the largest city to enter bankruptcy. This paper explores the role that racial conflict played in the fiscal collapse of what was the nation’s fourth largest city. In June 1967 racial violence in Newark led to 26 deaths and, the next month, rioting in Detroit killed 43. President Johnson appointed Illinois Governor Kerner to chair a com- mission to explain the causes of urban racial violence. That Commission emphasized the grievances of blacks in big cities—segregated housing, discrimination in employment, poor schools, and frequent police violence including the questionable shooting of nu- merous African American men.
    [Show full text]
  • Race and Assimilation During the Great Migration
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 14371 From Immigrants to Americans: Race and Assimilation during the Great Migration Vasiliki Fouka Soumyajit Mazumder Marco Tabellini MAY 2021 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 14371 From Immigrants to Americans: Race and Assimilation during the Great Migration Vasiliki Fouka Stanford University, CEPR, and NBER Soumyajit Mazumder Harvard University Marco Tabellini Harvard Business School, CEPR and IZA MAY 2021 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ISSN: 2365-9793 IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 14371 MAY 2021 ABSTRACT From Immigrants to Americans: Race and Assimilation during the Great Migration* How does the arrival of a new minority group affect the social acceptance and outcomes of existing minorities? We study this question in the context of the First Great Migration.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORIC BLACK RESOURCES a Handbook for the Identification, Documentation, and Evaluation of Historic African-American Properties in Georgia
    HISTORIC BLACK RESOURCESA Handbook For the Identification, Documentation, and Evaluation of Historic African-American Properties in Georgia - � ..:.:::i.._-- -r-- \' -==; 1- tt flf ___ , Illt II flrlf ff 111 11 1,lh . '1! Carole Merritt Historic Preservation Section . Georgia Department of Natural Resources HISTORIC BLACK RESOURCES A Handbook For the Identification, Documentation, and Evaluation of Historic African-American Properties in Georgia Carole Merritt Edited By Carolyn S. Brooks Historic Preservation Section Georgia Department of Natural Resources 1984 Hi.sfori1· Hlack Rc.so111'<'<'-' has been funded with the assistance of a matching grant-in­ aid from the United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service, through the Historic Preservation Section, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, under provisions of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Copyright© 1984 by the Historic Preservation Section, Georgia Department of Natural Resources Cover Photo: James R. Lockhart for the Historic Preservation Section Contents Preface /5 Introduction /6 1. Historical Overview /8 2. The Resources /12 Residential /12 Institutional /25 Commercial /4 7 3. Identification /59 4. Documentation /67 5. Evaluation for the National Register of Historic Places /76 Appendix A: Checklist of Historic Resources /84 Appendix B: National Register Properties in Georgia Significant in African-American History /86 Appendix C: Agencies and Organizations Providing Preservation Assistance /90 Bibliography /94 This page was left blank. Preface The benefits that historic preservation can offer to minority com­ munities have only recently begun to be recognized. Along with this awareness, an appreciation of the importance of the historic resources of these communities, whose historical significance has long gone unnoticed, is developing.
    [Show full text]
  • Baltimore Neighborhoods Bolton Hill 1
    Greetings, You are receiving this list because you have previously purchased or expressed interest in collecting books about Maryland and/or Baltimore. Orders may be placed in person, by phone, e-mail, or through our website at www.kelmscottbookshop.com. Our hours are Monday - Friday from 10 am - 6 pm. We accept payment via cash, major credit card, PayPal, check, and money order. Shipping will be $5 for media mail, $12 for priority mail, or $15 for Fedex Ground. There will be a $2 charge for each additional mailed title. Thank you for reviewing our list. BALTIMORE & MARYLAND LIST 2015 Baltimore Neighborhoods Bolton Hill 1. Frank R. Shivers, Jr. Bolton Hill: Baltimore Classic. F.R. Shivers, Jr., 1978. SCARCE. Very good in brown paper wrappers with blue title to front wrapper. Minor rubbing to wrappers Foxing to inside of rear wrapper. Else is clean and bright. Filled with photographic illustrations. 49 pages. (#23966) $25 Brooklyn-Curtis Bay 2. A History of Brooklyn-Curtis Bay, 1776-1976. Baltimore: The Brooklyn-Curtis Bay Historical Committee, 1976. SCARCE. INSCRIBED by Hubert McCormick, the General Chairman of the Curtis-Bay Historical Committee. Very good in white side stapled illustrated paper wrappers with red title to front cover. Interior is clean and bright with photographic illustrations throughout. 217 pages. (#24052) $95 Canton 3. Rukert, Norman G. Historic Canton: Baltimore’s Industrial Heartland ... and Its People. Baltimore: Bodine and Associates, Inc., 1978. INSCRIBED TWICE BY THE AUTHOR. Near fine in brown cloth covered boards with gilt title to spine. Author’s inscriptions to front free end page and half title page.
    [Show full text]
  • The Germination of a Free Press: a Dissident Print Culture and the Stamp Act in Colonial Virginia
    The Germination of a Free Press: A Dissident Print Culture and the Stamp Act in Colonial Virginia by Roger P. Mellen April, 2006 Roger P. Mellen 2 2/10/06 Acknowledgments The modern electronic world has made crucial primary documents and other sources instantly available through the Internet, yet research still requires the help of many archivists and librarians. This author would like to recognize a special debt to a few experts who have gone beyond the requirements of their job to help: Rosemarie Zagarri, Professor of History at George Mason University, and my dissertation advisor. Del Moore, Reference Librarian at the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. J. Jefferson Looney, Editor, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, for verifying the Thomas Jefferson letter to Isaiah Thomas does not exist, locating the actual letter, and a variety of other help. Thomas Knoles, Curator of Manuscripts, American Antiquarian Society for assistance in attempting to locate the supposed letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaiah Thomas. Martha King, Associate Editor, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton University, for general research suggestions and for help analyzing Jefferson's handwriting. Mariam Touba, Reference Librarian, New York Historical Society for help tracking down the origin of a rare Virginia Gazette, and possible Jefferson connection. Kim Nusco, Reference Librarian, Massachusetts Historical Society, for assistance in tracking down an obscure letter from former Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood. Olga Tsapina, Curator of American Historical Manuscripts, Huntington Library, San Marino, CA for promptly sending me a copy of Landon Carter's letter to Joseph Royle.
    [Show full text]
  • OP¥.K HANKS a Newspaper Vol
    free oo Gis BALTIMORE GIs UNITED civilians 250 OP¥.K HANKS a newspaper Vol. 1, no. 3 IN SUPPORT OP DEMOCRACY Ft. Hoiabird The wars drag on. TEE GUARD FIASCO The poignant smell of death hangs heavy. Recently, a GI walking his guard A helicopter drones above the swamps post at the officer's club was shot In search of its prey: at by a would-be thief. Fortunately, The battered, broken bodies he was not hit. Since he was armed Of men. only with a small club and a flash­ Strong men once, light, the guard did not try to catch And brave and yo-ung. the thief. The duties and equipment But now they're older, of the guards have remained the same And tired— as before the shooting incident. Those who survived. What does the Chief of Staff ex­ A widow weeps. pect an untrained and virtually un­ A child cells out for Daddy, armed individual to do in the event Who promised he'd return. of trouble? The official answer is that the guard is supposed to report And he did. it so qualified help can get to the But silent, scene. That's fine unless the man and in a \rooden box. has stopped a bullet or been jumped And wars crag on. by drunks, in which case the report What are v/e searching for, America? will be made when the guard is found. And why? In the age of electronics, aren't And will v/e know what it is, there safer and much more efficient If and when we find it? ways to guard buildings than by post­ ing unarmed, untrained, sleepy, cold, LETTER TO.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Enforcement & Compliance Report
    Maryland Department of the Environment ANNUAL ENFORCEMENT & COMPLIANCE REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2017 Larry Hogan Boyd K. Rutherford Ben Grumbles Horacio Tablada Governor Lieutenant Governor Secretary Deputy Secretary TABLE OF CONTENTS Section One – REPORT BASIS AND SUMMARY INFORMATION 3 Statutory Authority and Scope 4 Organization of the Report 4 MDE Executive Summary 5 MDE Performance Measures – Executive Summary 6 Enforcement Workforce 6 Section 1-301(d) Penalty Summary 7 MDE Performance Measures Historical Annual Summary FY 1998 – 2004 8 MDE Performance Measures Historical Annual Summary FY 2005 – 2010 9 MDE Performance Measures Historical Annual Summary FY 2011 – 2017 10 MDE Enforcement Actions Historical Annual Summary FY 1998 – 2017 11 MDE Penalties Historical Annual Summary Chart FY 1998 - 2017 11 MDE’s Enforcement and Compliance Process and Services to Permittees 12 and Businesses The Enforcement and Compliance Process 12 Enforcement Process Flow Chart 13 Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEPs) 14 Contacts or Consultations with Businesses 15 Compliance Assistance 15 Consultations with Businesses 15 Section Two - ADMINISTRATION DETAILS 17 Measuring Enforcement and Compliance 18 Performance Measures Table Overview and Definitions 19 Enforcement and Compliance Performance Measures Table Format 23 Air and Radiation Administration (ARA) 25 ARA Executive Summary 26 ARA Performance Measures 27 Ambient Air Quality Control 28 Air Quality Complaints 34 Asbestos 38 Radiation Machines 42 Radioactive Materials Licensing and Compliance 46 Land
    [Show full text]
  • The Omegan Voice of the Second District
    New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland The omegan Voice of the Second District InsideInside ThisThis Issue:Issue CorridorErmon VJones MemorialMemoriam Service Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, at West Point 68th Second District Dr. ConferenceJames Bethea $ Million Grant Omegas CBC FatherhoodOmega Men Reception On The Move Omega at Grand OpeningOmega Chapterof National MusemnArticles of African American History and Iota EpsilonCulture Articles Physicians Corner 2013-14 Second DistrictSecond Executive District ShirtsleeveCouncil Conference SuspensionsOpinion/ & ExpulsionsEditorial Section Omega Chapter Articles Grand Basileus Antonio F. Knox, Sr. Grand Basileus AntonioDistrict F.Representative Knox, Sr. Milton Harrison District Representative ShermanDistrict Public L. Charles Relations Zanes E. Cypress, Jr. District Public Relations Zanes E. Cypress, Jr. Fall Edition 2016 Friendship Is Essential To The Soul The Omegan Voice of the Second District The Mighty Second District - Home of 39th Grand Basileus Dr. Andrew A. Ray THE OMEGAN “ Voice of the Second District” EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Milton D. Harrison EDITOR IN CHIEF Zanes E. Cypress, Jr. SENIOR COPY EDITOR Eric “Moby” Brown COPY EDITORS Grand Keeper of Records and Seal James Alexander M. Dante’ Brown Kenneth Rodgers Leroy Finch Demaune A. Millard Rev. Stephen M. Smith Jereleigh A. Archer, Jr. CHIEF PHOTOGRAPHER Jamal Parker STAFF PHOTOGRAPHERS Fitz Devonish Lamonte Tyler PUBLISHING MANAGERS Roy Wesley, Jr. Grand Counselor D. Michael Lyles, Esq. Jeff Spratley The OMEGAN is the Official Organ of the Second District of the Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. The Second Dis- trict is comprised of the Great States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, It publishes three editions annually, Fall, Winter and Conference Editions, for the Members of the Second District and is widely distributed Internationally throughout all Twelve Districts of the Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc.
    [Show full text]