DOCSLIB.ORG

Instruction and Delight

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Instruction and Delight PROOF Contents List of figures viii List of plates x Acknowledgements xii Introduction Janet Maybin and Nicola J. Watson 1 1 Purposes and Histories 8 Introduction Heather Montgomery 8 Instruction and Delight Peter Hunt 12 Origins: Fairy Tales and Folk Tales Jack Zipes 26 Children’s Literature: Birth, Infancy, Maturity Matthew Grenby 39 The First Golden Age Humphrey Carpenter 56 The Same but Different: Conservatism and Revolution in Children’s Fiction Peter Hunt 70 Multicultural Agendas Lissa Paul 84 Transformative Energies Kimberley Reynolds 99 2 Publishing, Prizes and Popularity 115 Introduction Janet Maybin 115 Boys’ and Girls’ Reading, 1884 Edward Salmon 119 v 99780230_227132_01_prexvi.indd780230_227132_01_prexvi.indd v 77/15/2009/15/2009 55:06:48:06:48 PPMM PROOF vi Contents Empire Boys Joseph Bristow 130 Twentieth-Century British Publishing Nicholas Tucker 143 Prizes! Prizes! Newbery Gold Kenneth Kidd 156 In Defence of the Indefensible? Some Grounds for Enid Blyton’s Appeal David Rudd 168 Marketing at the Millennium Claire Squires 183 3 Poetry 199 Introduction Nicola J. Watson 199 ‘From the Garden to the Street’: The History of Poetry for Children Morag Styles 202 The Language of Poems for Children: A Stylistic Case Study Lesley Jeffries 218 ‘From the Best Poets’? Anthologies for Children Morag Styles 235 4 Story-telling, Stage and Screen 246 Introduction Nicola J. Watson 246 Stories in Performance Joan Swann 249 Drama Susanne Greenhalgh 267 Screen Classics Deborah Cartmell 281 5 Words and Pictures 296 Introduction Sharon Goodman 296 9780230_227132_01_prexvi.indd vi 7/15/2009 5:06:48 PM PROOF Contents vii Texts and Pictures: A History Joyce Irene Whalley 299 Picturebook Codes William Moebius 311 Postmodern Experiments Bette Goldstone 320 6 Contemporary Transformations 330 Introduction Ann Hewings 330 In Praise of Adaptation Linda Hutcheon 333 Harry Potter goes to China Suman Gupta, with assistance from Cheng Xiao 338 Reading Transformations Rosie Flewitt 352 Cross-reading and Crossover Books Rachel Falconer 366 Index 380 99780230_227132_01_prexvi.indd780230_227132_01_prexvi.indd vviiii 77/15/2009/15/2009 55:06:48:06:48 PPMM PROOF 1 Purposes and Histories Introduction Heather Montgomery The scholarly study of children’s literature is a relatively new endeavour and it is only recently that a large body of critical literature has grown up around children’s books. The folklorists Peter and Iona Opie laid import- ant groundwork for the study of children’s cultural worlds in producing compilations of nursery rhymes (1951) and fairy tales (1974), and Harvey Darton’s early study Children’s Books in England (1932) remains an import- ant authoritative point of reference on children’s literature. The Cool Web: The Pattern of Children’s Reading edited by Margaret Meek and colleagues (1977) provided a further landmark but, on the whole, children’s books were long excluded from more general literary criticism. One of the earliest works of criticism, John Rowe Townsend’s Written for Children, was fi rst published in 1965, has gone through six editions since then, and stands out as a pioneering volume. Similarly Humphrey Carpenter’s landmark Secret Gardens (1985), which came out of Carpenter and Prichard’s work on writ- ing The Oxford Companion to Children’s Literature (1984), a project they took over from the Opies, is another important achievement in the fi eld. Despite this slow start, the study of children’s literature is now a thriving and dynamic fi eld and, as the essays below will show, children’s books are much theorised and analysed. The fi rst section of this reader contains seven essays which raise questions about the nature, signifi cance and purposes of children’s literature and the import of it as a fi eld of academic study, as well as supplying its history in outline. Taken together, they make claims for the importance of children’s literature. They challenge the notion that children’s literature is simplistic 8 9780230_227132_03_cha01.indd 8 7/15/2009 12:14:52 PM PROOF Introduction 9 or marginal, show how children’s literature is shaped by wider sociocul- tural changes and indeed contributes to those changes, and examine how the study of children’s books can reveal the way they refl ect and construct social attitudes towards children as well as pointing to adult anxieties about contemporary childhoods. The essays Peter Hunt’s ‘Instruction and Delight’ provides a starting point for the study of children’s literature, challenging typical assumptions made about writ- ing for children: that it is trivial, easy, often ephemeral and fundamentally ‘childish’; that it is marginal to literature for adults; that it is intrinsically conservative and that reading it constitutes merely an escape from the harsh realities of adult life. He tackles the specifi c question of what children’s lit- erature is for, what its appropriate subject matter is, and discusses the per- ennial question of whether its role is primarily to entertain or to instruct. Hunt additionally asks whether children’s literature is inevitably something imposed on children by adults to refl ect their own politicised conceptualisa- tions of childhood. The next three essays together supply the outline of a history of Brit- ish children’s literature from its origins in oral culture to the publication of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland in 1865 and the inauguration of the so-called First Golden Age. Jack Zipes’s ‘Fairy Tales and Folktales’ explores how fairy tales became associated with literature specifi ed to children. Fairy tales are often seen as the epitome of stories for children in that they are simple and repetitive, based on standard characters and stock phrases. Andrew Lang’s series of coloured fairy-story books, starting with The Blue Fairy Book (1889), introduced many children to the formula in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, while in the later twentieth century, it was Walt Disney’s fi lm interpretations on fi lm that were most infl uential. Disney adapted many fairy tales for the cinema specifi cally as wholesome family entertainment, with the result that in the twentieth century the fairy tale became fi rmly identifi ed with both children and childishness. From a historical perspective, however, fairy tales have not always been identifi ed with children; as Zipes argues, fairy tales were oral tales told by adults, which children may have heard but which were not designed for them. Zipes goes on to discuss the longevity of fairy tales within print culture. Matthew Grenby’s essay, ‘Children’s Literature: Birth, Infancy, Maturity’ analyses the rise of children’s literature in the eighteenth century through to the great explosion of British children’s literature in the second half of the nineteenth century, and provides a revisionary take on received histories. 99780230_227132_03_cha01.indd780230_227132_03_cha01.indd 9 77/15/2009/15/2009 112:14:532:14:53 PPMM PROOF 10 Purposes and Histories Grenby agrees with the customary location of the beginnings of anglophone children’s literature proper in the eighteenth century, with the fi rst publica- tion of novels and books written especially for children in which other chil- dren were the heroes and heroines. He warns, however, against espousing too uncritically a comfortable and teleological narrative in which children’s literature has got better, less moralistic, and increasingly child-focused. He writes of the wide variety of literature for children in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, discussing the ways that both child-readers and the authors who wrote for them subverted and resisted didacticism. Humphrey Carpenter’s landmark essay, extracted from Secret Gardens (Carpenter, 1985), picks up the historical narrative from Grenby and focuses on the nineteenth century in more detail, examining in particular a rise in the quality and quantity of children’s literature from the 1860s onwards. He discusses how the changing roles of children, the expansion of empire and the demographics of the period all had an impact on imagina- tive writing for children. He analyses how changing constructions of the child, inspired by Romantic sensibilities, led to new ideas about both what they should read and how they should be portrayed in literature. Kim Reynolds’s ‘Transformative Energies’ picks up from Hunt’s medita- tions upon the ideological leanings of children’s literature and makes the case for regarding it as ‘radical’. She refutes the claim that children’s lit- erature is innately conservative in terms of style, content and in the way it frames the adult–child relationship. Some commentators, such as Jacque- line Rose (1984), have argued that children’s literature is reactionary and nostalgic, inventing a culture of childhood which has no true relation to the lives of real children but which is calculated instead to provide comfort and reassurance to adults. Reynolds disputes this, arguing that the children’s books of one generation prepare the way for adult books of the next, and, further, that children’s literature is both a ‘safe house’ for literary modes temporarily out of fashion and a breeding ground and incubator for future innovation. She argues that children’s literature has had a direct, signifi - cant and measurable infl uence on adult writing, and that some of the most innovative children’s writers of recent years, such as Philip Pullman, have had important and far-reaching effects on all literature, not simply that for children. Reynolds argues that children’s literature does not simply refl ect cultural change, but prefi gures and sets this change in motion and therefore properly lies at the vanguard of social and literary study. Reynolds’s sense of children’s literature as formally avant-garde is tested and contested in Hunt’s second essay for this volume, ‘The Same but Dif- ferent: Conservation and Revolution in Children’s Fiction’.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mythlore Index Plus
    MYTHLORE INDEX PLUS MYTHLORE ISSUES 1–137 with Tolkien Journal Mythcon Conference Proceedings Mythopoeic Press Publications Compiled by Janet Brennan Croft and Edith Crowe 2020. This work, exclusive of the illustrations, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Tim Kirk’s illustrations are reproduced from early issues of Mythlore with his kind permission. Sarah Beach’s illustrations are reproduced from early issues of Mythlore with her kind permission. Copyright Sarah L. Beach 2007. MYTHLORE INDEX PLUS An Index to Selected Publications of The Mythopoeic Society MYTHLORE, ISSUES 1–137 TOLKIEN JOURNAL, ISSUES 1–18 MYTHOPOEIC PRESS PUBLICATIONS AND MYTHCON CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS COMPILED BY JANET BRENNAN CROFT AND EDITH CROWE Mythlore, January 1969 through Fall/Winter 2020, Issues 1–137, Volume 1.1 through 39.1 Tolkien Journal, Spring 1965 through 1976, Issues 1–18, Volume 1.1 through 5.4 Chad Walsh Reviews C.S. Lewis, The Masques of Amen House, Sayers on Holmes, The Pedant and the Shuffly, Tolkien on Film, The Travelling Rug, Past Watchful Dragons, The Intersection of Fantasy and Native America, Perilous and Fair, and Baptism of Fire Narnia Conference; Mythcon I, II, III, XVI, XXIII, and XXIX Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Janet Brennan Croft .....................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • The Victorian Newsletter
    The Victorian Newsletter INDEX FALL 2010 ANNOTATED INDEX 2002-2010 Compiled by Kimberly J. Reynolds Updated by Deborah Logan The Victorian Newsletter Index 2 The Victorian Newsletter Dr. Deborah A. Logan Kimberly J. Reynolds Editor Editorial Assistant Index Table of Contents Spring 2010 Page Preface 4 I. Biographical Material 5 II. Book and Film Reviews 5 III. Histories, Biographies, Autobiographies, Historical Documents 6 IV. Economics, Educational, Religious, Scientific, Social Environment 7 V. Fine Arts, Music, Photography, Architecture, City Planning, Performing Arts 10 VI. Literary History, Literary Forms, Literary Ideas 12 VII. Miscellaneous 16 VIII. Individual Authors 18 Index of Journal Authors 33 The Victorian Newsletter is sponsored for the Victorian Group of the Modern Language Association by Western Kentucky University and is published twice yearly. Editorial and business communications should be addressed to Dr. Deborah Logan, Editor, Department of English, Cherry Hall 106, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101. Manuscripts should follow MLA formatting and documentation. Manuscripts The Victorian Newsletter Index 3 cannot be returned unless accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. Subscription rates in the United States are $15.00 per year, and international rates, including Canada, are $17.00 USD per year. Please address checks to The Victorian Newsletter. The Victorian Newsletter Index 4 Preface In the spring of 2007, Dr. Deborah A. Logan became editor of The Victorian Newsletter after professor Ward Hellstrom‟s retirement. Since that transition, Logan preserves the tradition and integrity of the print edition whilst working tirelessly in making materials available online and modernizing the appearance and content of the academic journal.
    [Show full text]
  • The Success and Ambiguity of Young Adult Literature: Merging Literary Modes in Contemporary British Fiction Virginie Douglas
    The Success and Ambiguity of Young Adult Literature: Merging Literary Modes in Contemporary British Fiction Virginie Douglas To cite this version: Virginie Douglas. The Success and Ambiguity of Young Adult Literature: Merging Literary Modes in Contemporary British Fiction. Publije, Le Mans Université, 2018. hal-02059857 HAL Id: hal-02059857 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02059857 Submitted on 7 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Abstract: This paper focuses on novels addressed to that category of older teenagers called “young adults”, a particularly successful category that is traditionally regarded as a subpart of children’s literature and yet terminologically insists on overriding the adult/child divide by blurring the frontier between adulthood and childhood and focusing on the transition from one state to the other. In Britain, YA fiction has developed extensively in the last four decades and I wish to concentrate on what this literary emergence and evolution has entailed since the beginning of the 21st century, especially from the point of view of genre and narrative mode. I will examine the cases of recognized—although sometimes controversial—authors, arguing that although British YA fiction is deeply indebted to and anchored in the pioneering American tradition, which proclaimed the end of the Romantic child as well as that of the compulsory happy ending of the children’s book, there seems to be a recent trend which consists in alleviating the roughness, the straightforwardness of realism thanks to elements or touches of fantasy.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Amusement the Vehicle of Instruction’: Key Developments in the Nursery Reading Market 1783-1900
    1 ‘Making amusement the vehicle of instruction’: Key Developments in the Nursery Reading Market 1783-1900 PhD Thesis submitted by Lesley Jane Delaney UCL Department of English Literature and Language 2012 SIGNED DECLARATION 2 I, Lesley Jane Delaney confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ABSTRACT 3 ABSTRACT During the course of the nineteenth century children’s early reading experience was radically transformed; late eighteenth-century children were expected to cut their teeth on morally improving texts, while Victorian children learned to read more playfully through colourful picturebooks. This thesis explores the reasons for this paradigm change through a study of the key developments in children’s publishing from 1783 to 1900. Successively examining an amateur author, a commercial publisher, an innovative editor, and a brilliant illustrator with a strong interest in progressive theories of education, the thesis is alive to the multiplicity of influences on children’s reading over the century. Chapter One outlines the scope of the study. Chapter Two focuses on Ellenor Fenn’s graded dialogues, Cobwebs to catch flies (1783), initially marketed as part of a reading scheme, which remained in print for more than 120 years. Fenn’s highly original method of teaching reading through real stories, with its emphasis on simple words, large type, and high-quality pictures, laid the foundations for modern nursery books. Chapter Three examines John Harris, who issued a ground- breaking series of colour-illustrated rhyming stories and educational books in the 1810s, marketed as ‘Harris’s Cabinet of Amusement and Instruction’.
    [Show full text]
  • Tolkienâ•Žs Modern Reading
    Journal of Tolkien Research Volume 12 Issue 2 Article 6 2021 An Unexpected Study: A Response to Ordway's "Tolkien’s Modern Reading" Maureen F. Mann retired, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Mann, Maureen F. (2021) "An Unexpected Study: A Response to Ordway's "Tolkien’s Modern Reading"," Journal of Tolkien Research: Vol. 12 : Iss. 2 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol12/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Tolkien Research by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Mann: An Unexpected Study An Unexpected Study: A response to Ordway’s Tolkien’s Modern Reading In many ways, Holly Ordway’s Tolkien’s Modern Reading is a surprising book. With such a title, it was sure to garner attention; Tolkien’s reading is a perennial interest to his fans and scholars alike. And the book does identify some contemporary authors not previously known to have been read by Tolkien. However, those authors are presented in some unexpected ways. Many readers might have been expecting new discussions of what Middle-earth shares with modernism, but the book demonstrates a disinclination to discuss intertextuality in favour of attempting to identify aspects of Tolkien’s character. What many readers likely were not expecting is that the study comes with a polemical style of rhetoric.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of Recommended Secondary Sources I. General
    Bibliography of recommended secondary sources With thanks to Denise Leathers for the initial version (items in bold are available via links to our blog as .pdf files; listings in Green show local holdings) I. General Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1973 [1949]. (PIC/PC/RWU) Enright, Nancy. “Tolkien’s Females and the Defining of Power.” Renascence 59.2 (2007): 93-108. Flieger, Verlyn. “Fantasy and Reality: J.R.R. Tolkien’s World and the Fairy-Story Essay.” Mythlore 22.3 (1999): 4-13. Le Guin, Ursula K. “The Child and the Shadow,” and “The Staring Eye.” In The Language of the Night: Essays on Fantasy and Science Fiction. NY: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979. (RIC, PC, RWU) Northrup, Clyde. “The Qualities of a Tolkienian Fairy-Story.” Modern Fiction Studies 50.4 (2004): 814-837. Shippey. Tom. “Light-elves, Dark-elves and Others: Tolkien’s Elvish Problem.” Tolkien Studies 1.1 (2004): 1-15. Smith, Thomas W. “Tolkien’s Catholic Imagination: Mediation and Tradition.” Religion and Literature 38.2 (2006): 73-100. Tolkien, J.R.R. “On Fairy Stories” (first given as a lecture in 1939, published in 1947, and since brought out in a critical edition edited by Verlyn Flieger and Douglas A. Anderson (2008). (ILL) ---------------. The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, edited by Humphrey Carpenter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981. (RIC, PC). II. The Legendarium Beare, Rhona. “A Mythology for England.” In Allan Turner, ed., The Silmarillion: Thirty Years On. Zürich: Walking Tree Publishers, 2007 (ILL) Fisher, Jason. “Tolkien’s Fortunate Fall and The Third Theme of Ilúvatar.” In Jonathan B.
    [Show full text]
  • Enid Blyton Books Part 2
    Enid Blyton Books Part 2. Stories for younger children By Zita Thornton Enid Blyton’s writing career began with poetry, gradually moving into short stories, mainly published in magazines, whilst she continued the day job as a teacher of young children. It is, therefore, no surprise that her first stories were tales of fairies and fantasy that would be appre- ciated by her young charges. However, one of her first full length books, published in 1924, was an account of the zoo and its inhabitants, who became models for some of her later fictional creatures. In this way, Blyton constantly drew on earlier ideas and developed them in later stories. So ‘The Enchanted Wood’ which first appeared in ‘The Yellow Fairy Book’later became central to ‘A Faraway Tree Adventure’ and Toyland, home of Noddy, appeared first in ‘The Enid Blyton Book of Brownies’. Blyton was a prolific and varied writer publishing around 15 books a year as well as contributing to magazines, annuals and anthologies. She wrote books about mischievous animals, both those on the farm and those in the circus. Her output included nature books for ‘Children of Cherry Tree Farm’ this edition young children as well as fictional stories. It is said that it took her less than a week to finish published by Dean & Son 1972. This was the writing one book. Moreover, her stories also appeared under various pseudonyms in annuals. In first in a series of books set on farms. First the 1920s and 30s, Blyton wrote as Audrey Saint Lo as well as Christopher and Becky Kent, and published in 1940, the original edition is later, in 1943, published a novel ‘The Adventures Of Scamp’ using the name Mary Pollock.
    [Show full text]
  • Think About the Qualities That Make a Comic Book Superhero: Extra Ordinary Abilities and Powers. Courageous. Strong Moral Code
    Think about the qualities that make a comic book superhero: Extra Ordinary Abilities and Powers. Courageous. Strong Moral Code. A Great Sense of Responsibility. Fighting Spirit. Mental Stability. These heroes are faced with many challenges but they fight to overcome them. But not all superheroes are works of fiction… In these strange and difficult times, we are seeing countless people in all areas of society stepping up to aid and support others - these people are REAL LIFE superheroes! Click the link below to design your own NHS superhero. You can even download and print the hero that you create! I’ve added mine as an example. https://www.heroized.com/ Art and Design - Superhero Logos/Costumes One of the most iconic things about a superhero is that they all have a unique logo usually found on their chest (or shield, belt buckle, car, helicopter, what have you), like the classic ones you see above and we know exactly who they are just by seeing this logo. Most logos are a symbol that represents the hero’s identity either by being linked to their name or their superpower. Have a look at some superhero logos online and why not even challenge yourself to play the quiz and see how many you can guess correctly (I got 65%!) Guess the superhero quiz: https://www.thequiz.com/the-biggest-nerd-cant-match- these-logos-to-their-superheroes-can-you/ Your challenge is to create a logo for a NEW superhero. You can use the superpower ideas below for inspiration OR just completely design your own hero’s superpower.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovering Enid Blyton in Hay-On-Wye by David Baumann February 5-7, 2007 3,344 Words
    Discovering Enid Blyton in Hay-on-Wye by David Baumann February 5-7, 2007 3,344 words I don’t remember when I first heard about Hay-on-Wye, but it’d been mentioned to me by several people over the years in almost reverential tones as being the place for used books. Trouble is, for a California boy, this little town on the border of Wales and England was a v-e-r-y long way away. “Hay-on-Wye—it has the world’s largest used bookstore! ” I had been told. Of course, I’d been in huge used bookstores before—the cavernous Acres of Books in Long Beach, California, and many-roomed Powell’s in Portland, Oregon. Not quite as large as these, the local Book Baron in Anaheim and Cliff’s Books in Glendale are noted for having about a couple hundred yards of corridors lined with ceiling-high bookshelves. But Hay-on-Wye! I pictured an establishment maybe several centuries old with so many narrow aisles that one would need a map just to traverse the interior, with winding wooden stairways to multiple upper floors, unforeseen nooks and alcoves, and stashes of books forgotten since the time of Charles Dickens. The reality was different from the dream, as is often the case. In May 2006 my wife and I traveled in the United Kingdom on a vacation anticipated for ten years and finally realized. Naturally I made it a priority to go to Hay-on-Wye. After a stay at a bed and breakfast in Llandrindod Wells in central Wales, we drove through picturesque pastoral countryside with sheep on one side of the road and dark forest on the other, then past stone farmhouses set in meadows, and finally approached Hay-on-Wye.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Batman and His Audiences
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University English Theses Department of English 12-2009 Static, Yet Fluctuating: The Evolution of Batman and His Audiences Perry Dupre Dantzler Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Dantzler, Perry Dupre, "Static, Yet Fluctuating: The Evolution of Batman and His Audiences." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2009. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_theses/73 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STATIC, YET FLUCTUATING: THE EVOLUTION OF BATMAN AND HIS AUDIENCES by PERRY DUPRE DANTZLER Under the Direction of H. Calvin Thomas ABSTRACT The Batman media franchise (comics, movies, novels, television, and cartoons) is unique because no other form of written or visual texts has as many artists, audiences, and forms of expression. Understanding the various artists and audiences and what Batman means to them is to understand changing trends and thinking in American culture. The character of Batman has developed into a symbol with relevant characteristics that develop and evolve with each new story and new author. The Batman canon has become so large and contains so many different audiences that it has become a franchise that can morph to fit any group of viewers/readers. Our understanding of Batman and the many readings of him gives us insight into ourselves as a culture in our particular place in history.
    [Show full text]
  • Three-Deckers and Installment Novels: the Effect of Publishing Format Upon the Nineteenth- Century Novel
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1965 Three-Deckers and Installment Novels: the Effect of Publishing Format Upon the Nineteenth- Century Novel. James M. Keech Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Keech, James M. Jr, "Three-Deckers and Installment Novels: the Effect of Publishing Format Upon the Nineteenth-Century Novel." (1965). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1081. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1081 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been - microfilmed exactly as received 66-737 K E E C H , Jr., James M., 1933- THREE-DECKERS AND INSTALLMENT NOVELS: THE EFFECT OF PUBLISHING FORMAT UPON THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY NOVEL. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1965 Language and Literature, general University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THREE-DECKERS AMD INSTALLMENT NOVELS: THE EFFECT OF PUBLISHING FORMAT UPON THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY NOVEL A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulflllnent of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of English hr James M. Keech, Jr. B.A., University of North Carolina, 1955 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1961 August, 1965 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express my deepest appreciation to the director of this study, Doctor John Hazard Wildman.
    [Show full text]
  • Ernest Hemingway Global American Modernist
    Ernest Hemingway Global American Modernist Lisa Tyler Sinclair Community College, USA Iconic American modernist Ernest Hemingway spent his entire adult life in an interna- tional (although primarily English-speaking) modernist milieu interested in breaking with the traditions of the past and creating new art forms. Throughout his lifetime he traveled extensively, especially in France, Spain, Italy, Cuba, and what was then British East Africa (now Kenya and Tanzania), and wrote about all of these places: “For we have been there in the books and out of the books – and where we go, if we are any good, there you can go as we have been” (Hemingway 1935, 109). At the time of his death, he was a global celebrity recognized around the world. His writings were widely translated during his lifetime and are still taught in secondary schools and universities all over the globe. Ernest Hemingway was born 21 July 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, also the home of Frank Lloyd Wright, one of the most famous modernist architects in the world. Hemingway could look across the street from his childhood home and see one of Wright’s innovative designs (Hays 2014, 54). As he was growing up, Hemingway and his family often traveled to nearby Chicago to visit the Field Museum of Natural History and the Chicago Opera House. Because of the 1871 fire that destroyed structures over more than three square miles of the city, a substantial part of Chicago had become a clean slate on which late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century architects could design what a modern city should look like.
    [Show full text]