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1. Federico Da Monteffitiu) Knight. Sciiolai\. And 1. FEDERICO DA MONTEFFITIU) KNIGHT. SCIIOLAI\. AND PATRON ()F ART P.. RI:-"[ ()CRATIC CULTURE In 1472 Federico da M()Jl[d~'ltr" It'd ,J. Horcnrmc JTlJlY high lip into the hills of Tus(.lnv .tnd laid siege to till' town ofVolterra. Til", cuv was forced to yield, and the ~CIK'Lll entered florence' in S-lprJ()L1s ami festive procession, shov..-ered with ~iti:,1 Among other thjn~" l-edet-rco received <111 illuminated manuscript Wldl .1 portrait ofhonour, it ,!I"W, him wreathed in hllfc"ls and clasping" his genera!", 'raffas he rides muruphnulv through the TWCJ!l hills Ii with Volterra in the h,ck~r(lLlJ)J.'_ A SCUlllJ miniature dcprct- H ..orcuce "I with I," myriad rhurche-, hlJlIt wah the money of the Medio ln the year- f()lIowlJlg UpUri this victorv, tlu- coun of Federico da t Montefeltto (1-r:ZO-R2) Kljulred;l pivotal posino» within the network of state, in July \,ee fig. ')2). Urbinorn.untniued Cl):lUd, With the papal court and the court-, of Milan, Naples .md Buq;\I1l\h. those of Manttu .md nearby Pesaro a\ well a' with the republic, of "lI;'IHlJ, Florence and vemce All • such tic-, oile-d thl;' ruurhmcrv of culcur.rl exchange. Fcdcricc's p.aronage played a decisive Tole in the ran-cr-, ot uuuterous painters, anlutcc-tv and scholars; indeed hi, style of patronage hccame- a model [,,IT orhcr-, and writings of the day reL'lrded m q-lcndour. The courtly culture th.u t--.'Tew lip in Urbmo, Route and Florence wa, I praised bv the Iuun.truxr Conoi ofVolterra. In Ill' treatise 011 the role of cardinals ;1, cournctv and administrator' he included a chapter on th,,' cardinal', p;llace, ltl which he dl'LU,,('d examples of patwIlJi't' The tWO men he named as exemplary p.llll)ll\ of art were Cosimo de' Medici and Federico da J\1<.-'i1teft'lrro'. Cortesi's treatise which appeared III I:) I(), was eclipsed by that of the diplomat Castig]lOllt·. wl1(1 held up the cour tlv culture continued by Federico's SOI1 Glllt!nb:t!d,) (1·-l-72-1:'iOS) <IS J IJJ1Jlll example to all no hi, nUbf() del Cortcyiano, whir The Book of rill.' Courtier r: behaviour should be me; Castiglione's account ofFed for special praise: H had 'c rare paintings [...J and a manuscripts In Greek, Lati. with gold and silver, in tl: glory of his great palace". At the dawning of the qL in Urbina. Those of Pede Dante's Irfemo and Puroato life in Franciscan piery and did not extend beyond t h surrounding Urbina. The extended no further than a The economic basis for with the money earned hy i9. the capacity ofCcucral, ( 74) Fedenco built up a rcpl which enabled him sreadil successful career money ( p~ticularly lavish during t was crowned WIth several, [his period comnusssonv fic scripts, statuaty and painti R patronage at Urbino • TI Federico da Montefeltro v included both a general ln one at [he courr of Mantu Pelrre, the other gamed vc J~ Justus ol"(;h(·,,\. F,',/eri,,' ,Id .\/,'nti)dn,' ,.,."d, I,' Ilu 'l'/r C;1</l1""'''<I,,. Niccolo Piccinino'l. Peden 1-+ 7.J: C;"lInu N.L/Hlllak ,klk MJrchc Urlllll{) (photograph Allll;m) legitimate heir, <IS Count 0 The civic anrborities gave between the young pnm 'Ihc C,\'Ifi' ,Ill ',b"ll', 1("II'C dlld J 1'>T".'if(' r: I TI L,I"u .11'1 C(1f1(~i<lII'" which ccmpn-ev ,1 dJ.dogut' at rill" court of Urbllw'. The Hook '!! ,II,' Cvnrncr rnpidlv became the sr.md.nd by whnh courtly behaviour 11IOUId be measured and rum.uncd such t;lr ccuruncs III CJsti~h()l1l:\ .u count otT tc'c1tc'Jlcn·, patronage rhr pal.icc tun-nor l' ,mglcd out for ,pe<l.ll prdl,e; It hac 'rounrlcv, antique <ronu-v Jl1 m.rrhle and bronze, rare paintings l., I and J IJr!-,-~' number of rhr 11l0't he,mtif\l] and r.m-vt manuscnprs III t ;rl'... k, Latin and j Icbrew. al) ,If which he had iHull1111.ited with gold and vrivcr, III the conviction that these termed the n(lv>!llllg glory of hi, gr~Jt p.ilacc". At th... dav-ning of the quanrocenro there W;l, no rr.ur "fcourtly culture in Urhmn. Thu,t' of Fedcrno's ancestor- who h.ul ~r<",,'d the p<l.gl:S of D,ltltl:\ fll!l'fI!o .unl PII~~dt"TI" we-re styled w.)rllh, knights. ()JW ending 1m life In Fn.lKl,CJIl pi...ty ,\lId till: next vanisbiog Into ohlivlOn", Tllc)r I'ower did not l''(lend bcvond the mounraiuon, ,1I1el ,polr-ely popul.ru-o rq;-lOl1 surrounding Urbuio. l bev bod JlO clcg.mr palarcv. nnd their [ibnrie'i extended no turthcr than <1 handfu! of 'ample m;lIl11<CrJl't' The e-couorrnc bJ'I, fur the nev- .mstocraric culture of Urhino was [.ud with the money e~l!lwd by Federico da Monrcfelrro tor ~c'rving uthcr ~t,lte\ Jt1 die CljX1uty of etc' j)~1,11. or Wrlihl/licrc. UVtT ,1 period ofthirrv vcar-, (I -1-1-1 74) Fedcrun lnulr lip ,1. reputation a, J slIprt'llll'ly able military ronnn.mdcr. which c-n.ilvlcd 111\ll ,te;l(hly to _tep lip Ius It-t', After twenrv ~'l',lf'i of tln-, sncct"'i,fu] ',Ifen moncv 0\ crtlowcd into ar tistu r,lUOIJdge, \,Ilich \\\1, particll!arl~ 1.1\\,h dunllg- the Lhf rcn vearc of his hl""- In 147-1 hi' r.m-cr W:I'i crowned '-~\th -cvcral crders ofcluvalrv ~1Ilc1 rhe ndc of Duke, DlJnn~ dus period C0111Jllh1l111' flowcd freely, l-euefiring palaces, churches. manu­ scripts, ,CltuJry ,111.1 p.iilltings: 1ll SIIll) rill' W;I, the gre,1t l'T,l of courtly pJtron,1~1' .u UrblIlo'. TilF <;T!\TE EXI'l\NI)'J Pcdcriro d.t Morxctclrro WJ, born illcuinmare 1ll \-12(1. Ill, c.trlv tLllrllrlg included both ,I gr'I1eLli hum.mist ('dIlC1Cl0J1 .md mibror v cxpcricnc e. til" our ,J[ the court O!'IV1.llHlU, .tt the ,,'hof)1 run bv the "hot,or Vinorino dd Fcltre. till' other g-,llllL'd 'CT\'lilg under senior g-ClllTJ], tnellldlTlg the gr~\lt II, lOll Guidoba/do, Ni«(ul"1 PiccilllllO'!, rnkrlco succeeded hh half-brothe-r Odd;1T1ll11110, tlic ,phU(ogrilph Alman} legitimate heir, ,IS Count otUrbmo llpon lhe ht,n\ JS'><]'i'iilLltl')1j 111 1-1++. The civic ,llllhplI(lC, t;J'-e hiIII tln-ir slIppun .utd ;1 COVC1LIllt \\.1> 'lgl1l:d between tlw }oullg pn11ce .mc1 tlu- citv, Jlrholl.dl he ,\;1' <1,'1\1,'<\ the 111c Co customary right to design: area surrounding Urbmo Federico gaine-d a reputati. spoken ofas having laid th By fiHgmg alliances witl r Signore was able to broad solely from the use ofphy I, aud diplomat, ami he dep as coalitions formed and dr­ He received payment fro war-rime. The net\\TlJ'k () immediate area enabled F promote peJce Jnd ensur ,1dminstrar mmstrativc apparatus II When confhcr arose be ofRmuni, ;IS rbe PJpJI Sc' Montefcltro ,dell wirh tl: (145K-h4), who var red hi his Colt/mcnlarii de-al mainl relations with neighbour Si~'lsmondo Malatesta of11 and duplicity. Notwithv.u Sigismondo's abilities J, a historical insight, a soun ql1ence" On one level chc conf [he foe's TI'!'ut.1tion W.LS J conrexr rhe pope rcterre s f sugge'ted that its obverse 1, Hi, wntinb"i nuke it clca as well :1' ecclesiastical a purposes :1S head of state, ,'"I.J'lSlm ()f'r;hrlll "'wl!., 1+7:'; (;.lIlcn:L NVl(lIl.1le delle' I\hnhc. which he contrasts the ( L'r\)jJJ() (l'h(\f(,gLal'll AIIII.,!'i.) would consign to the net ~+ ..1\1"."" ,,(C;],('III, <"'.\I!!) 1f:, J,r~ '~'I,,'[(lS',LI'II I ,)lIvre) We have been requested t Francevra IlOnJ.1Jl,l ,llnong Christ I...1what h,l' been ,: misdeeds are many JIlLI ilia. are admitted to heaven let 'I'llI' C,lIIf1' ,'.I ( '/'111", [~<'IJI<' dlld FI<lr,'lIrc 223 customary rJ,L!:ht to deucnare his own ,UC(L"SOI'. Most of tilt' rlobk, 111 the area vunotuxhue Urbiuo joined the unum hd\H'c'Jl city and Signure. Federico g:lI11cd.1 reputation JS peacemaker 111 till' 'Lite ofUrbino and. IN;" spoken of.1< h.1Vlll)! lnd the foundations of JIl Jrh((ll ratn- civilization I" Uy lorg-Jll.Q: .1Ili:lIlCCS with other courts ,\l)(i r<'['llhll(\ on the peninsula till' Sl!':llore IN;!S able to bro.1lkll hiv pow!;'!" base. lr \1'.1' not .t p()\ver deriving ,;old y from til", use ofphv-ical fone. Federico was Jlm.1 <killed negotiator and diplomat. and he d<"ploycd hI' armv to give a deci'l\T mrn to event, ascoalmons formed and disvolved and the threat ofwar lo,)llll'd .utd receded. He received pavmenr n-om ,-11\·l.:1"'C par-tic', fee'> dil11hinr: -tccplv during wartinu The network of relations he built up with p,l'.va, lwyund the 111l111eCh,ltL' ,lfCJ enabled ledenco to ("'xl',md Ill', rcrritorv cOl1S1dn.lbly, to prolllo!t' Pl.'kC and e-nsure secunrv wnlun HI, bounds. and to financl' ;111 11 admiosn.rnve .lpl',HJtm , Under his r-ule Urtuno hcr.unca tcrritona] ~t;ltl' When routiict .rrosc between the p,>pe .uni <';1~ismolld() Malatesta.
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