Comparison Among the First Representative Chloroplast Genomes
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
LD5655.V855 1924.M377.Pdf
A STUDY OF BACILLUS AROIDEAE 'l'OWNSEND, THE CAUSE OF A SOFT ROT OF TOMATO, AN:) B. CAROTOVORUS JONES. A thesis 811.bmitted as partial requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Botany by A.B.Massey Reprinted from PHYT0PATH0L0GY, Vol. XIV, October, 1924. A STUDY OF BACILLUS AROIDEAE, TOWNSEND, THE CAUSE OF A SOFT ROT OF TOMATO, AND B. CAROTOVORUS JONES A. B. MASSEY! \Vl'l'll Tlll:EE FIGURES IN THE TEXT INTRODUCTION In the summer of 1918, at Blacksburg, Virginia, there developed a con- siderable amount of a soft rot of tomatoes. This occurre<l in experimental plots which were designated to study the control of septoria leaf blight, and the soft rot of the fruit developed into an important factor. I~ describing these experiments Fromme (2) states: "Practically all of the unsoundness of the fruit was caused by bacterial soft rot, a disease which is exceedingly common and often very destructive in tomato fields in Vir- ginia." Isolations from diseased fruits made by S. A. Wingard (15) proved a bacterium to be the causative agent. Its growth in pure culture resembled that of the group of bacteria which causes soft rots of plants but it could not be readily as!ligned to any of the describe<l species of this group. There has been only casual mention of a bacterial soft rot of tomato in literature, and the distinguishing features of the organisms which might be responsible have not been as sharply defined as is desirable. It was decided, therefore, to un<lcrtake comparative studies of the organism in question together with some of the non-chromogenic soft rot forms. -
Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, Conservation and Utilization
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 19, Number 1, January 2018 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 140-152 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190121 The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization YUZAMMI Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens (Bogor Botanic Gardens), Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, Bogor 16122, West Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-251-8352518, Fax. +62-251-8322187, ♥email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 4 October 2017. Revision accepted: 18 December 2017. Abstract. Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 19: 140-152. Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ conservation centre, covering an area of 87 ha, with 12,376 plant specimens, collected from Indonesia and other tropical countries throughout the world. One of the richest collections in the Gardens comprises members of the aroid family (Araceae). The aroids are planted in several garden beds as well as in the nursery. They have been collected from the time of the Dutch era until now. These collections were obtained from botanical explorations throughout the forests of Indonesia and through seed exchange with botanic gardens around the world. Several of the Bogor aroid collections represent ‘living types’, such as Scindapsus splendidus Alderw., Scindapsus mamilliferus Alderw. and Epipremnum falcifolium Engl. These have survived in the garden from the time of their collection up until the present day. There are many aroid collections in the Gardens that have potentialities not widely recognised. The aim of this study is to reveal the diversity of aroids species in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, their scientific value, their conservation status, and their potential as ornamental plants, medicinal plants and food. -
Download/Empfehlung-Invasive-Arten.Pdf
09-15078 rev FORMAT FOR A PRA RECORD (version 3 of the Decision support scheme for PRA for quarantine pests) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes Guidelines on Pest Risk Analysis Lignes directrices pour l'analyse du risque phytosanitaire Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests Version N°3 PEST RISK ANALYSIS FOR LYSICHITON AMERICANUS HULTÉN & ST. JOHN (ARACEAE) Pest risk analyst: Revised by the EPPO ad hoc Panel on Invasive Alien Species Stage 1: Initiation The EWG was held on 2009-03-25/27, and was composed of the following experts: - Ms Beate Alberternst, Projektgruppe Biodiversität und Landschaftsökologie ([email protected]) - M. Serge Buholzer, Federal Department of Economic Affairs DEA ([email protected]) - M. Manuel Angel Duenas, CEH Wallingford ([email protected]) - M. Guillaume Fried, LNPV Station de Montpellier, SupAgro ([email protected]), - M. Jonathan Newman, CEH Wallingford ([email protected]), - Ms Gritta Schrader, Julius Kühn Institut (JKI) ([email protected]), - M. Ludwig Triest, Algemene Plantkunde en Natuurbeheer (APNA) ([email protected]) - M. Johan van Valkenburg, Plant Protection Service ([email protected]) 1 What is the reason for performing the Lysichiton americanus originates from the pacific coastal zone of Northwest-America PRA? and was imported into the UK at the beginning of the 20th century as a garden ornamental, and has since been sold in many European countries, including southern 1 09-15078 rev countries like Italy. It is now found in 11 European countries. The species has been observed to reduce biodiversity in the Taunus region in Germany. -
Araceae), with P
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.05.326850; this version posted October 7, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, Critically Endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon. Martin Cheek¹, Barthelemy Tchiengue2, Xander van der Burgt¹ ¹Science, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, U.K. 2 IRAD-Herbier National Camerounais, Yaoundé, BP 1601, Cameroon Corresponding author: Martin Cheek¹ Email address: [email protected] ABSTRACT This is the first revision in nearly 130 years of the African genus Pseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Sister to Anchomanes, Pseudohydrosme is distinct from Anchomanes because of its 2–3-locular ovary (not unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (not exposed, far exceeding the spathe), stipitate fruits and viviparous (vegetatively apomictic) roots (not sessile, roots non-viviparous). Three species, one new to science, are recognised, in two sections. Although doubt has previously been cast on the value of recognising Pseudohydrosme buettneri, of Gabon, it is here accepted and maintained as a distinct species in the monotypic section, Zyganthera. However, it is considered to be probably globally extinct. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis, type species of the genus, also Gabonese, is maintained in Sect. Pseudohydrosme together with Pseudohydrosme ebo sp.nov. of the Ebo Forest, Littoral, Cameroon, the first addition to the genus since the nineteenth century, and which extends the range of the genus 450 km north from Gabon, into the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area. -
Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China
Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China Yilin Cao Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, Yunnan China ren li ( [email protected] ) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0359 Shishun Zhou Shoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Song Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Intergrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruichang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huabin Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Keywords: wild edible plants, trans-boundary ethnic groups, traditional knowledge, conservation and sustainable use, Jiangcheng County Posted Date: September 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on October 27th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1. Page 1/35 Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. -
Of Connecting Plants and People
THE NEWSLEttER OF THE SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 ISSN 0219-1688 of connecting plants and people p13 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae p2 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation p8 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests p24 VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 Message from the director Chin See Chung ARTICLES 2 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae George Staples 6 Spotlight on research: a PhD project on Convolvulaceae George Staples 8 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation Paul Leong, Serena Lee 12 Propagation of a very rare orchid, Khoo-Woon Mui Hwang, Lim-Ho Chee Len Robiquetia spathulata Whang Lay Keng, Ali bin Ibrahim 150 years of connecting plants and people: Terri Oh 2 13 The making of stars Two minds, one theory - Wallace & Darwin, the two faces of evolution theory I do! I do! I do! One evening, two stellar performances In Search of Gingers Botanical diplomacy The art of botanical painting Fugitives fleurs: a unique perspective on floral fragments Falling in love Born in the Gardens A garden dialogue - Reminiscences of the Gardens 8 Children celebrate! Botanical party Of saints, ships and suspense Birthday wishes for the Gardens REGULAR FEATURES Around the Gardens 21 Convolvulaceae taxonomic workshop George Staples What’s Blooming 18 22 Upside down or right side up? The baobab tree Nura Abdul Karim Ginger and its Allies 24 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests Jana Leong-Škornicková From Education Outreach 26 “The Green Sheep” – a first for babies and toddlers at JBCG Janice Yau 27 International volunteers at the Jacob Ballas Children’s Garden Winnie Wong, Janice Yau From Taxonomy Corner 28 The puzzling bathroom bubbles plant.. -
Leaf Variegation in Caladium Steudneriifolium (Araceae): a Case of Mimicry?
Evol Ecol (2009) 23:503–512 DOI 10.1007/s10682-008-9248-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Leaf variegation in Caladium steudneriifolium (Araceae): a case of mimicry? Ulf Soltau Æ Stefan Do¨tterl Æ Sigrid Liede-Schumann Received: 27 November 2007 / Accepted: 25 February 2008 / Published online: 6 March 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract The leaves of Caladium steudneriifolium (Araceae) of the understorey of a submontane rainforest in the Podocarpus National Park (South East Ecuador, 1,060 m a.s.l.) are plain green or patterned with whitish variegation. Of the 3,413 individual leaves randomly chosen and examined in April 2003, two-thirds were plain green, whereas one third were variegated (i.e., whitish due to absence of chloroplasts). Leaves of both morphs are frequently attacked by mining moth caterpillars. Our BLAST analysis based on Cytochrome-c-Oxidase-subunit-1 sequences suggests that the moth is possibly a member of the Pyraloidea or another microlepidopteran group. It was observed that the variegated leaf zones strongly resemble recent damages caused by mining larvae and therefore may mimic an attack by moth larvae. Infestation was significantly 4–12 times higher for green leaves than for variegated leaves. To test the hypothesis that variegation can be interpreted as mimicry to deter ovipositing moths, we first ruled out the possibility that variegation is a function of canopy density (i.e., that the moths might be attracted or deterred by factors unrelated to the plant). Then plain green leaves were artificially variegated and the number of mining larvae counted after 3 months. -
My Green Wet Thumb: Lagenandra
My Green Wet Thumb: Lagenandra By Derek P.S. Tustin Over the years I have found that the average aquarist will go through several different stages. I am by no means a sociologist specializing in the aquari- um hobbyist, but from my own observations I think pretty much everyone goes through some variation of the following; Initial wide-spread interest and associated errors, A focusing of interest into one or two main areas, Competence in an area of interest, Mastery of an area of interest Expansion of interest into new areas while either maintaining the old interest, or focusing entirely on the new area of interest. As an aquatic horticulturist, there are actually very few entry points, or at least entry species, into the hobby. When I started out, I had access to sev- eral excellent aquarium stores with an impressive diversity of aquatic crea- tures, but a very limited selection of aquatic plants. Now, this was back be- fore I joined the Durham Region Aquarium Society (DRAS), so I didn’t have access to mentors or their specialized stock, and it was also before there were so many excellent on-line resources. Most of my initial experience came from the limited genera of plants that were available in local stores; Echinodorus, Cryptocoryne, Anubias and some Aponogeton. (Oh, there were numerous stem plants, but for some reason, I have never been that interested in those, being much more fascinated by rooted plants, and my interest in ponds and suitable plants came much later.) Over the past decade, I have grown the majority of commonly available plants from those genera, and now also have the benefit of being exposed to other skilled hobbyists and resources offered through DRAS. -
Devonian Plant Fossils a Window Into the Past
EPPC 2018 Sponsors Academic Partners PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Scientific Committee: Zhe-kun Zhou Angelica Feurdean Jenny McElwain, Chair Tao Su Walter Finsinger Fraser Mitchell Lutz Kunzmann Graciela Gil Romera Paddy Orr Lisa Boucher Lyudmila Shumilovskikh Geoffrey Clayton Elizabeth Wheeler Walter Finsinger Matthew Parkes Evelyn Kustatscher Eniko Magyari Colin Kelleher Niall W. Paterson Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos Benjamin Bomfleur Benjamin Dietre Convenors: Matthew Pound Fabienne Marret-Davies Marco Vecoli Ulrich Salzmann Havandanda Ombashi Charles Wellman Wolfram M. Kürschner Jiri Kvacek Reed Wicander Heather Pardoe Ruth Stockey Hartmut Jäger Christopher Cleal Dieter Uhl Ellen Stolle Jiri Kvacek Maria Barbacka José Bienvenido Diez Ferrer Borja Cascales-Miñana Hans Kerp Friðgeir Grímsson José B. Diez Patricia Ryberg Christa-Charlotte Hofmann Xin Wang Dimitrios Velitzelos Reinhard Zetter Charilaos Yiotis Peta Hayes Jean Nicolas Haas Joseph D. White Fraser Mitchell Benjamin Dietre Jennifer C. McElwain Jenny McElwain Marie-José Gaillard Paul Kenrick Furong Li Christine Strullu-Derrien Graphic and Website Design: Ralph Fyfe Chris Berry Peter Lang Irina Delusina Margaret E. Collinson Tiiu Koff Andrew C. Scott Linnean Society Award Selection Panel: Elena Severova Barry Lomax Wuu Kuang Soh Carla J. Harper Phillip Jardine Eamon haughey Michael Krings Daniela Festi Amanda Porter Gar Rothwell Keith Bennett Kamila Kwasniewska Cindy V. Looy William Fletcher Claire M. Belcher Alistair Seddon Conference Organization: Jonathan P. Wilson -
Mitotic Index Studies on Edible Cocoyams (Xanthosoma and Colocasia Spp.)
International Scholars Journals African Journal of Virology Research ISSN 3421-7347 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-004, June, 2014. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. Full Length Research Paper Mitotic index studies on edible cocoyams (Xanthosoma and Colocasia spp.) Ekanem, A.M. and Osuji, J.O.* Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Accepted 12 March, 2014 Mitotic index studies were carried out on three cultivars of Xanthosoma and four cultivars of Colocasia. Young healthy roots (about 15 mm) were collected at 2 hourly intervals from 6:00 am to 8:00 pm. Root tips were fixed in 1:3 ethanol : acetic acid for 24 h and stored in 70% ethanol prior to squashing in FLP orcein. Microscopic counts showed that the dynamics of mitosis varied slightly between the two groups of cultivars. The peak of metaphase remained between 12:00 noon and 2:00 pm for most of cultivars but one (NCY 00Sa), which had its metaphase rising to a peak between 2:00 and 4:00 pm. This suggests that the best time to harvest root samples for optimum metaphase is immediately before 12:00 noon. Key words: Chromosomes, cocoyam, mitotic division, metaphase, young healthy root tips. INTRODUCTION Cocoyam, a member of the Araceae family is an ancient .Ukpong (NCY 006), Ede Ghana (NCY 008) and Ede Ofe crop grown throughout the humid tropics for its edible corms, (NCY 00Sa). The edible aroids are very nutritious. -
The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae
BRIEF COMMUNICATION doi:10.1111/evo.12318 THE EVOLUTION OF POLLINATOR–PLANT INTERACTION TYPES IN THE ARACEAE Marion Chartier,1,2 Marc Gibernau,3 and Susanne S. Renner4 1Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecologie des Foretsˆ de Guyane, 97379 Kourou, France 4Department of Biology, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany Received August 6, 2013 Accepted November 17, 2013 Most plant–pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. An- tagonistic plant–pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was recon- structed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120–130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precon- dition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences. -
Giant Swamp Taro, a Little-Known Asian-Pacific Food Crop Donald L
36 TROPICAL ROOT CROPS SYMPOSIUM Martin, F. W., Jones, A., and Ruberte, R. M. A improvement of yams, Dioscorea rotundata. wild Ipomoea species closely related to the Nature, 254, 1975, 134-135. sweet potato. Ec. Bot. 28, 1974,287-292. Sastrapradja, S. Inventory, evaluation and mainte Mauny, R. Notes historiques autour des princi nance of the genetic stocks at Bogor. Trop. pales plantes cultiVl!es d'Afrique occidentale. Root and Tuber Crops Tomorrow, 2, 1970, Bull. Inst. Franc. Afrique Noir 15, 1953, 684- 87-89. 730. Sauer, C. O. Agricultural origins and dispersals. Mukerjee, I., and Khoshoo, T. N. V. Genetic The American Geogr. Society, New York, 1952. evolutionary studies in starch yielding Canna Sharma, A. K., and de Deepesh, N. Polyploidy in edulis. Gen. Iber. 23, 1971,35-42. Dioscorea. Genetica, 28, 1956, 112-120. Nishiyama. I. Evolution and domestication of the Simmonds, N. W. Potatoes, Solanum tuberosum sweet potato. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 84, 1971, 377- (Solanaceae). In Simmonds, N. W., ed., Evolu 387. tion of crop plants. Longmans, London, 279- 283, 1976. Nishiyama, I., Miyazaki, T., and Sakamoto, S. Stutervant, W. C. History and ethnography of Evolutionary autoploidy in the sweetpotato some West Indian starches. In Ucko, J. J., and (Ipomea batatas (L). Lam.) and its preogenitors. Dimsley, G. W., eds., The domestication of Euphytica 24, 1975, 197-208. plants and animals. Duckworth, London, 177- Plucknett, D. L. Edible aroids, A locasia, Colo 199, 1969. casia, Cyrtosperma, Xanthosoma (Araceae). In Subramanyan, K. N., Kishore, H., and Misra, P. Simmonds, N. W., ed., Evolution of crop plants. Hybridization of haploids of potato in the plains London, 10-12, 1976.