DOCSLIB.ORG

Weigela with Coloured Leaves

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Weigela with Coloured Leaves Weigela with coloured leaves Final Trials Report 2009 – 2011 Trials Office The Royal Horticultural Society Garden, Wisley, Woking, Surrey, GU23 6QB Trial No. 1756 1 RHS Trial of Weigela Introduction to Weigela Weigela is a genus of around twelve species of deciduous shrubs. They originate from East Asia, being found in scrub and woodland margins. They are primarily grown for their flowers, which appear in late spring and early summer, however, the varieties in this trial are those with coloured leaves. The variation in size makes them versatile plants able to be accommodated in both shrub and mixed borders. Weigela are fully hardy and grow in any fertile, well drained soil in sun or partial shade. Objectives The objectives of the trial were: To identify the best and most distinctive cultivars and recommend the Award of Garden Merit To establish correct nomenclature and obtain a permanent record through herbarium specimens, photographs and written descriptions Judging The trial was judged periodically over three years by the Woody Plants Trials Assessment Panel. They judged the plants on the following criteria; Flower : Foliage : Habit : Overall Impression Entries There were 39 entries in the trial, consisting of three plants. They were submitted by gardens, nurseries and individuals from the UK and the Netherlands. A full list of entries can be found at the end of this report. Cultivation Planting took place in June 2008 through a porous membrane to keep down weeds and reduce maintenance of the trial. No fertiliser was added during the trial, although the soil was found to be lacking slightly in nitrogen. It was considered that Weigela prefer poorer soils. Irrigation pipes were laid for watering. Two of the three plants of each entry were pruned after flowering. One plant was hard pruned; cutting stems close to the base of the plant. The other plant was pruned as would be considered common practise for Weigela; cutting stems to a strong bud or young growth. The third plant was deadheaded but left unpruned. It was found that the plants that were pruned kept a tidier, more attractive shape than the plant that was only deadheaded. This plant became more straggly and spreading as the trial went on. Pest and Disease Frost damage was the main problem encountered during the trial. This burnt the edges of the leaves which remained brown for the rest of the season. The main Trial No. 1756 2 problems encountered with Weigela in general are leaf and bud eelworm and honey fungus but these were not encountered in the trial. Other Findings This trial was also part of a Euro Trial programme. Entries 1-26 were also grown at nine other sites across Europe. Results from these sites will be combined and analysed and a separate report will discuss the findings. Plants Receiving AGMs During Trial The following are the plants thought to fulfil the Award of Garden Merit criteria during the trial and to be worthy of receiving the award. The criteria which a plant needs to fulfil in order to receive the award are: excellent for ordinary garden use available reasonably resistant to pests and diseases of good constitution essentially stable in form and colour reasonably easy to grow Hardiness ratings are as follows: H3 – hardy outside in some regions; needs frost-free protection in winter H4 – hardy throughout the British Isles Plants Awarded AGM W. florida Wine and Roses = ‘Alexandra’ AGM (H4) 2011 [Trial No. 20] votes 7-0 Flowers: late spring and early summer Height: 2.5m; Spread: 2.5m Upright to arching bush. Olive green leaves with a dark brown flush. Dark red buds opening to pink flowers “Bright flowers. Great foliage” Sender: New Place Nurseries Ltd Trial No. 1756 3 Reconfirmed AGMs W. ‘Florida Variegata’ AGM (H4) 2011 [Trial No. 6 ] votes 6-1 Flowers: late spring and early summer Height: 2m ; Spread: 2m Floriferous open bush. Grey-green leaves with grey-yellow edges. Tip of edges tinged red. White flowers, lightly blushed pink. “Reliable variegated form.” Sender: Liss Forest Nurseries Ltd W. ‘Praecox Variegata’ AGM (H4) 2011 [Trial No.9 ] votes 7-0 Flowers: late spring and early summer Height: 2.5m; Spread: 2m Lightly arching, open bush. Mid-green leaves, edged white, young leaves paler and edged red at tips. Dark red buds opening to pink flowers, fading to white at edges. “Outstanding plant. Best in trial. Best variegation.” Sender: Liss Forest Nurseries Ltd W. ‘Red Prince’ AGM (H4) 2011 [Trial No.31 ] votes 5-0 Flowers: late spring and early summer Height: 2m; Spread: 2m Upright to arching bush. Mid green leaves. Red flowers. “Distinct colour. Best of the reds.” Sender: New Place Nurseries Ltd Trial No. 1756 4 Trial Index and Senders Details No. Name Sender 1 Weigela ‘Golden Candy’ Proud Plants 2 Weigela ‘Gold Rush’ Plantentuin Esveld 3 Weigela ‘Jean’s Gold’ RHS ex Ravensthorpe 4 Weigela ‘Looymansii Aurea’ Bridgemere Nurseries Ltd 5 Weigela ‘Verweig 2’ Cappuccino PBR National Collection, Sheffield Weigela 'Florida Variegata' 6 Liss Forest Nursery Ltd sent an 'Nana Variegata' 7 Weigela florida 'Suzanne' National Collection, Sheffield 8 Weigela florida ‘Sunny Princess’ RHS ex Embleys 9 Weigela ‘Praecox Variegata’ Liss Forest Nursery Ltd 10 Weigela 'Briant Rubidor' New Place Nurseries Ltd 11 Weigela florida ‘Kosteriana Variegata’ New Place Nurseries Ltd 12 Weigela florida 'Brigela' Moulin Rouge PBR Notcutts 13 Weigela „Wessex Gold’ Hunt's Court Nursery 14 Weigela florida 'Verweig’ Monet, My Monet PBR New Place Nurseries Ltd 15 Weigela ‘Minuet’ The Place for Plants 16 Weigela ‘Rumba' Macpennys Nursery 17 Weigela ‘Samba’ Plantentuin Esveld 18 Weigela 'Little Red Robin' Seiont Nurseries 19 Weigela ‘Bokrashine’ Naomi Campbell PBR Seiont Nurseries 20 Weigela florida ‘Alexandra’ Wine and Roses PBR New Place Nurseries Ltd 21 Weigela florida ‘Elvera’ Midnight Wine PBR H Geers 22 Weigela florida ‘Tango’ Darby Nursery Stock Ltd 23 Weigela ‘Victoria’ The Place for Plants 24 Weigela florida ‘Foliis Purpureis’ New Place Nurseries Ltd 25 Weigela florida ‘Verweig 3’ Minor Black PBR Bridgemere Nurseries Ltd 26 Weigela ‘Ruby Queen’ H Geers Wim van der Poel ex H 27 Weigela florida ‘Caricature’ Kolster Trial No. 1756 5 28 Weigela 'Kolmagira' Magical Rainbow H Kolster 29 Weigela ‘Evita’ The Place for Plants 30 Weigela 'Pink Poppet' New Place Nurseries Ltd 31 Weigela 'Red Prince' New Place Nurseries Ltd 32 Weigela 'Florida Variegata' Valkplant 33 Weigela 'Cumula' STRI 34 Weigela 'Taura' STRI 35 Weigela 'Vega' STRI 36 Weigela 'Ghost' Valkplant 37 Weigela 'Milk and Honey' Valkplant 38 Weigela 'Purple Rain' Valkplant 39 Weigela 'Nana Variegata' Valkplant N.B Names that are struck through have been checked by RHS Botanists Sender Details Bridgemere Nurseries Ltd, Bridgemere, Nantwich, Cheshire, CW5 7QB Darby Nursery Stock Ltd, Old Feltwell Road, Methwold, Thetford, Norfolk IP26 4PW Plantentuin Esveld, Rijnveld 72, NL – 2771 XS, Boskoop, The Netherlands H Geers, Laag Boskoop 104, 2771 GZ, Boskoop Hunt’s Court Nursery, North Nibley, Dursley, Gloucestershire, England, GL11 6DZ H Kolster Boomkwekerij, Laag Boskoop 100,2771 GZ Boskoop, The Netherlands Liss Forest Nursery Ltd, Petersfield Road, Liss, Hants, GU33 6HA MacPennys Nursery, 154 Burley Road, Christchurch, Dorset, BH23 8DB National Collection of Weigela, Botanical Gardens, Clarkehouse Road, Sheffield, S10 2LN Proud Plants, East of Eden Nurseries, Ainstable, Carlisle, Cumbria, CA4 9QN New Place Nurseries Ltd, London Road, Pulborough, RH20 1AT, W. Sussex Ravensthorpe Nursery, East Haddon Road, Ravensthorpe, Northampton NN6 8ES Seiont Nurseries, Pontrug, Caernarfon, Gwynedd County, LL55 2BB STRI = Silva Tarauca Research Institute for Landscape & Ornamental Gardening, Kvetnove namesti 391, Pruhonice, Czech Republic The Place for Plants. East Bergholt Place, East Bergholt, CO7 6UP Valkplant, Valkenburgerlaan 64, 2771 DA Boskoop, Neder Trial No. 1756 6 Source: Horticultural Trials and Relations, RHS Garden Wisley, Woking, Surrey GU23 6QB E-mail: [email protected] More information about RHS Trials and other colour illustrated reports can be found on the RHS Website: http://www.rhs.org.uk/trials Trial No. 1756 7 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Dipsacales, with Special Reference to Sinadoxa and Tetradoxa (Adoxaceae)
    PHYLOGENY AND PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY OF DIPSACALES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SINADOXA AND TETRADOXA (ADOXACEAE) MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE,1 TORSTEN ERIKSSON,2 PATRICK A. REEVES,3 AND RICHARD G. OLMSTEAD 3 Abstract. To further clarify phylogenetic relationships within Dipsacales,we analyzed new and previously pub- lished rbcL sequences, alone and in combination with morphological data. We also examined relationships within Adoxaceae using rbcL and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. We conclude from these analyses that Dipsacales comprise two major lineages:Adoxaceae and Caprifoliaceae (sensu Judd et al.,1994), which both contain elements of traditional Caprifoliaceae.Within Adoxaceae, the following relation- ships are strongly supported: (Viburnum (Sambucus (Sinadoxa (Tetradoxa, Adoxa)))). Combined analyses of C ap ri foliaceae yield the fo l l ow i n g : ( C ap ri folieae (Diervilleae (Linnaeeae (Morinaceae (Dipsacaceae (Triplostegia,Valerianaceae)))))). On the basis of these results we provide phylogenetic definitions for the names of several major clades. Within Adoxaceae, Adoxina refers to the clade including Sinadoxa, Tetradoxa, and Adoxa.This lineage is marked by herbaceous habit, reduction in the number of perianth parts,nectaries of mul- ticellular hairs on the perianth,and bifid stamens. The clade including Morinaceae,Valerianaceae, Triplostegia, and Dipsacaceae is here named Valerina. Probable synapomorphies include herbaceousness,presence of an epi- calyx (lost or modified in Valerianaceae), reduced endosperm,and distinctive chemistry, including production of monoterpenoids. The clade containing Valerina plus Linnaeeae we name Linnina. This lineage is distinguished by reduction to four (or fewer) stamens, by abortion of two of the three carpels,and possibly by supernumerary inflorescences bracts. Keywords: Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales, ITS, morphological characters, phylogeny, phylogenetic taxonomy, phylogenetic nomenclature, rbcL, Sinadoxa, Tetradoxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryum Bhatti1, Aaron Lee1, Hiba Rahman-Vyas1, Dianella G
    NAC SUBFAMILY 1A GENE TREE Combining benchwork and bioinformatics to reconstruct the evolutionary history of CUP- SHAPED COTYLEDON in honeysuckles and relatives Maryum Bhatti1, Aaron Lee1, Hiba Rahman-Vyas1, Dianella G. Howarth2, Michael J. Donoghue3, Wendy L. Clement1 1Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ; 2Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY; 3Department of Ecology and Evolution, Yale University, New Haven, CT RECOVERING CUC FROM INTRODUCTION DIPSACALES Context Fusion among adjacent parts is a phenomena that occurs Sampling and Isolating CUC throughout flowering plants. CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON, CUC, • 38 species were selected across the Dipsacales for a member of the NAC Subfamily 1a transcription factors, and has been shown to affect organ boundary formation.1,2 Honeysuckles, species that had no available genomic resources or Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales), are known for fusing • Degenerate primers were designed to isolate exons petals into long tubes and also exhibit fusion among ovaries, bracts 1 and 2 of CUC1/2 and CUC3 based on reference and leaves. Variation in fusion across 160 species of Lonicera genomes (e.g., Arabidopsis, Petunia, Snapdragon) make them an excellent system to investigate the evolution of • CUC specific primers were also created including fusion. all introns and exons of CUC Goals • Successful reactions near 500 bp were isolated and • Recover CUC from the phylogenetic diversity of Dipsacales, cloned using PCR and cloning; sample target species in which no • Multiple clones per species were sequenced at the genomic data is available. Yale Sequencing on the Hill Facility • Reconstruct a gene tree for NAC Subfamily 1a and CUC using • Sequences were assembled and manually edited both direct sequences gained in this study and data extracted 3 from available genomic resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Fashioned Weigela (Caprifoliaceae) ------Weigela Florida Is Valued for Its Use As a Specimen Or Assets Mixed Border Plant
    Weigela florida - Old Fashioned Weigela (Caprifoliaceae) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Weigela florida is valued for its use as a specimen or Assets mixed border plant. Plant Old Fashioned Weigela -profusion of colorful flowers around windows so its abundant pink flowers can be -relatively low maintenance admired each spring. -adaptable and urban tolerant Liabilities FEATURES -becomes scraggly, unkempt, and larger than Form intended unless properly pruned and managed -deciduous, spreading, dense, rounded shrub reaching Habitat 6-9' tall x 9-12' wide, dense, arching, eventually to Zones 4 to 8 the ground Native to Japan -moderate to fast growth rate; low maintenance. Culture SELECTIONS -Weigela grows best in a sunny location and moist Alternates soil. Shaded plants are straggly. Weigela also -other spring-flowering shrubs (Viburnum, dislikes crowding. Rhododendron, Deutzia gracilis, etc.) -transplants well Cultivars - Variants - Related species -some annual dieback and winter injury make annual -many cultivars (at least 170), including variegated pruning necessary. and dwarfs: -becomes rangy unless pruned, no serious pests or -'Bristol Ruby' - red flowers produced sporadically diseases. throughout the growing season. Foliage -'Bristol Snowflake' - white flowers flushed with -leaves simple, opposite, elliptic, 2-4" long x 1" wide, pink. acuminate (pointed tip), rounded at base, serrate, -'Carnaval' - red, white and pink flowers are produced short petiole. on the same plant. -leaf color is medium to dark green in summer, -'Evita' - a slow growing, compact plant with bright turning brownish in autumn. red flowers produced in spring and then periodically. Flowers -'Java Red' - a hardy plant with purplish foliage and deep pink flowers. -'Minuet' - a hardy cultivar with purplish foliage and flowers that are red, purple and yellow.
    [Show full text]
  • Weigelaspecies and Cultivar Genome Size and Ploidy Estimations: Shrub Breeding©
    Weigela species and cultivar genome size and ploidy estimations: shrub breeding© E. Pfarr and J.J. Rothleutnera Tree and Shrub Breeder, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois 60532, USA. INTRODUCTION Weigela are among the most popular flowering shrubs for temperate landscapes as they tolerate a wide range of cultural conditions, propagate easily from cuttings, and flower heavily in late spring. The genus is composed of 10 species native to China, Japan, Manchuria, and the Korean peninsula. Since the genus was brought to western horticulture near 1860, over two hundred cultivars have been introduced (Dirr, 2009; Sheffield Botanical Gardens, 2015). Introductions continue today with breeding work emphasizing the development of compact plants, novel foliage colors, and recurrent blooming characteristics. One cultivar, ‘Courtalor’, Carnaval® weigela is widely promoted as a reblooming polyploid (Pantin, 2015; Wood). Because polyploidy may be associated with ornamental characteristics that breeders may be selecting for, such as reblooming, we set out to investigate the presence of polyploidy in natural populations and extent of polyploidy in available cultivars. This manuscript reports genome size and ploidy estimations for 10 species and 46 cultivars, from a total of 74 accessions. METHODS AND MATERIALS Plant material was sampled from plants growing at The Morton Arboretum, the Chicago Botanic Garden, and the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Genome sizes were determined by using a flow cytometer (CyFlow® PloidyAnalyser; Partec. Münster, Germany) with materials and protocols from Cystain PI absolute P test kits (Partec. Münster, Germany). Tissue samples were collected from expanding leaves and co-chopped with an internal standard, a leaf sample of Pisum sativum ‘Ctirad’, with a known genome size of 8.76 pg (Greilhuber et al., 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • IHCA Recommended Plant List
    Residential Architectural Review Committee Recommended Plant List Plant Materials The following plant materials are intended to guide tree and shrub ADDITIONS to residential landscapes at Issaquah Highlands. Lot sizes, shade, wind and other factors place size and growth constraints on plants, especially trees, which are suitable for addition to existing landscapes. Other plant materials may be considered that have these characteristics and similar maintenance requirements. Additional species and varieties may be selected if authorized by the Issaquah Highlands Architectural Review Committee. This list is not exhaustive but does cover most of the “good doers” for Issaquah Highlands. Our microclimate is colder and harsher than those closer to Puget Sound. Plants not listed should be used with caution if their performance has not been observed at Issaquah Highlands. * Drought-tolerant plant ** Requires well-drained soil DECIDUOUS TREES: Small • Acer circinatum – Vine Maple • Acer griseum – Paperbark Maple • *Acer ginnala – Amur Maple • Oxydendrum arboreum – Sourwood • Acer palmation – Japanese Maple • *Prunus cerasifera var. – Purple Leaf Plum varieties • Amelanchier var. – Serviceberry varieties • Styrax japonicus – Japanese Snowbell • Cornus species, esp. kousa Medium • Acer rufinerve – Redvein Maple • Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) • *Acer pseudoplatanus – Sycamore Maple • Acer palmatum (Japanese maple, many) • • *Carpinus betulus – European Hornbeam Stewartia species (several) • *Parrotia persica – Persian Parrotia Columnar Narrow
    [Show full text]
  • Shrubs of the Year
    GrowingShrubs & Landscape of the Guide Year LOW SCAPE® AT LAST® FIRE LIGHT® SONIC BLOOM® Mound Aronia Rosa Hydrangea Weigela series Aronia melanocarpa LOW SCAPE ® Mound Aronia melanocarpa ‘UCONNAM165’, pp#28,789, cbraf Durable native groundcover shrub Looking for a replacement for Rhus ‘Gro-Low’? Check out this remarkable new dwarf Aronia. White spring • SIZE & SHAPE 1-2’ TALL flowers are just the start of the show: glossy green foliage turns brilliant red in fall, and black fruit are 2’ WIDE quite ornamental. Quite possibly the perfect landscape plant, it’s adaptable to most soils, doesn’t need 10’ pruning, and provides multi-season interest in the landscape! One just isn’t enough, so use it for mass plantings and edging. NATIVE | DEER-RESISTANT | FALL COLOR | DWARF • SPACING 2-3’ NATURALIZING | RAIN GARDENS | SOIL STABILIZATION • USDA 3, AHS 9 MAY BE TRIMMED AFTER FLOWERING • FULL SUN PART SHADE www.provenwinners-shrubs.com LOW SCAPE® MOUND Aronia melanocarpa 'UCONNAM165' pp#28,789, cbraf Landscape Info: Features & Benefits: Common name: chokeberry - Native to North America USDA/AHS zones: USDA 3/AHS 9 - Tolerant of a wide range of soil, light, and moisture conditions; deer resistant Mature height: 3-5’/.9-1.5 m - Much smaller than conventional aronias and Part shade-full suited to a variety of landscape applications Exposure: sun - White flowers in spring, red-orange fall color, black fruits in late summer attract birds Irrigation: Average Cultural info: Grower Tips: pH Level: Slightly acidic: 5.6 - 6.2 Needs less trimming than other aronias (including Low Scape Nutrient Needs: Average Hedger) to attain an attractive habit; trim much like you would boxwood.
    [Show full text]
  • A Check-List of Cultivar Names in Weigela
    ARNOLDIA A continuation of the BULLETIN OF POPULAR INFORMATION of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University VOLUME 25 DECEMBER 17, 1965 NUMBERS 9-111 A CHECK-LIST OF CULTIVAR NAMES IN WEIGELA IN 1929 L. H. BAILEY CONSIDERED "The Case of Diervilla and Weigela" (Gent. Herb. 2: 39-54. 1929) and concluded that the two genera were truly distinct morphologically and geographically, as well as horticulturally. His review of the history of these two genera is complete and need not be repeated. A third taxon at the generic level, Calyptrostigma, was also recognized by Bailey as containing "at least two species in Eastern Asia..." and "little known in cultivation, as they are usually rather difficult to grow." Nakai (Jour. Jap. Bot. 12: 1-17. 1936) did not agree with Bailey and combined Weigela and Diervilla and proposed two new genera. He published the genus Weigelastrum to contain Diervilla maximowiczii and he substituted the name Macrodiervilla for the illegitimate Calyptrostigma which Bailey had accepted under different rules of nomenclature. Rehder ( Jour. Arnold Arb. 20: 429-431. 1939) reduced both of Nakai’s genera to sectional rank and accepted Bailey’s recognition of Weigela and Diervilla. Rehder’s treat- ment is followed by most American horticulturists, although some nurserymen still list species and varieties of Weigela under the name Diervilla, or under both names, and often indiscriminately. The situation is confused in modern treatments from Europe. In England, Bean’s Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles recognizes only Diervilla and this is also the treatment given in the Royal Horticultural Society’s Dictionary off Gardening.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales)
    Systematic Botany (2008), 33(4): pp. 776–783 © Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences Nina Theis,1,3,4 Michael J. Donoghue,2 and Jianhua Li1,4 1Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 U.S.A. 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Conneticut 06520-8106 U.S.A. 3Current Address: Plant Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 U.S.A. 4Authors for correspondence ([email protected]; [email protected]) Communicating Editor: Lena Struwe Abstract—Recent phylogenetic analyses of the Dipsacales strongly support a Caprifolieae clade within Caprifoliaceae including Leycesteria, Triosteum, Symphoricarpos, and Lonicera. Relationships within Caprifolieae, however, remain quite uncertain, and the monophyly of Lonicera, the most species-rich of the traditional genera, and its subdivisions, need to be evaluated. In this study we used sequences of the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and five chloroplast non-coding regions (rpoB–trnC spacer, atpB–rbcL spacer, trnS–trnG spacer, petN–psbM spacer, and psbM–trnD spacer) to address these problems. Our results indicate that Heptacodium is sister to Caprifolieae, Triosteum is sister to the remaining genera within the tribe, and Leycesteria and Symphoricarpos form a clade that is sister to a monophyletic Lonicera. Within Lonicera, the major split is between subgenus Caprifolium and subgenus Lonicera. Within subgenus Lonicera, sections Coeloxylosteum, Isoxylosteum, and Nintooa are nested within the paraphyletic section Isika. Section Nintooa may also be non-monophyletic.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Biogeography of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) with Special Reference to the South American Valerians Charles D.Bell Ã,1, Michael J.Donoghue
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5 (2005) 147–159 www.elsevier.de/ode Phylogeny and biogeography of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) with special reference to the South American valerians Charles D.Bell Ã,1, Michael J.Donoghue Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 065211, USA Received 22 April 2004; accepted 26 October 2004 Abstract Species of Valerianaceae are a common component of the alpine flora throughout the Northern Hemisphere as well as the Andes of South America.Sequence data from three chloroplast markers ( psbA-trnH intron, trnK-matK intron, and the trnL-F region) along with the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to infer relationships within Valerianaceae.Both genomes, as well as a combined data set, provide support for the major clades within the group and do not support a monophyletic Valeriana.In addition, these data indicate that Plectritis is nested within South American Valeriana, as opposed to being sister to Centhranthus as previously hypothesized. Valerianaceae appear to have originated in Asia, probably in the Himalayas, and subsequently to have dispersed several times to Europe and to the New World.Our results imply that Valerianaceae colonized South America on multiple occasions from the north.In one of these cases there appears to have been a substantial and rapid radiation, primarily in the high elevation paramo habitat.A variety of methods were used to estimate divergence times to determine when Valerianaceae might have colonized South America.Regardless of the method and fossil constraints applied, our estimates suggest that Valerianaceae colonized South America prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.
    [Show full text]
  • Dipsacales Phylogeny Based on Chloroplast Dna Sequences
    DIPSACALES PHYLOGENY BASED ON CHLOROPLAST DNA SEQUENCES CHARLES D. BELL,1, 2 ERIKA J. EDWARDS,1 SANG-TAE KIM,1 AND MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE 1 Abstract. Eight new rbcL DNA sequences and 15 new sequences from the 5' end of the chloroplast ndhF gene were obtained from representative Dipsacales and outgroup taxa. These were analyzed in combination with pre- viously published sequences for both regions. In addition, sequence data from the entire ndhF gene, the trnL-F intergenic spacer region,the trnL intron,the matK region, and the rbcL-atpB intergenic spacer region were col- lected for 30 taxa within Dipsacales. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Inferred tree topologies are in strong agreement with previous results from sep- arate and combined analyses of rbcL and morpholo gy, and confidence in most major clades is now very high. Concerning controversial issues, we conclude that Dipsacales in the traditional sense is a monophyletic group and that Triplostegia is more closely related to Dipsacaceae than it is to Valerianaceae. Heptacodium is only weakly supported as the sister group of the Caprifolieae (within which relationships remain largely unresolved), and the exact position of Diervilleae is uncertain. Within Morinaceae, Acanthocalyx is the sister group of Morina plus Cryptothladia. Dipsacales now provides excellent opportunities for comparative studies, but it will be important to check the congruence of chloroplast results with those based on data from other genomes. Keywords: Dipsacales, Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Morinaceae, Dipsacaceae, Valerianaceae, phylogeny, chloroplast DNA. The Dipsacales has traditionally included the Linnaea). It excludes Adoxa and its relatives, as C ap ri foliaceae (s e n s u l at o, i .
    [Show full text]
  • Tango Weigela
    1/15/2021 Tango Weigela FIND A GARDEN CENTER SUPPORT ACCOUNT You're growing in this Zip Code 55410 Change your location Tango Weigela Weigela orida 'Tango' SKU #2115 Be the rst to review this product Greenish-purple leaves above and dark green below provide a beautiful color combination with the prolic rosy-red owers. This compact grower ts nicely into mixed shrub borders and at the back of perennial plantings and even works well as a low hedge. Deciduous. Full sun. Moderate growth 2 to 3 feet tall and wide. USDA Zone ? 4 - 8 Good to grow!4 Change Light Needs Full sun Water Needs Needs regular watering - weekly, or more often in extreme heat. In Stores NO RETAILERS FOUND WITHIN 50 MILES OF YOUR ZIPCODE Add To Wishlist Add to Compare https://www.monrovia.com/tango-weigela.html 1/3 1/15/2021 Tango Weigela DETAIL Botanical Pronunciation wy-GEE-la FLOR-ih-duh Average Size at Maturity Compact shrub 2 to 3 ft. tall and wide. Bloom Time Summer Deciduous/ Evergreen Deciduous Flower Attribute Long Bloom Season, Showy Flowers Flower Color Red Foliage Color Green Garden Style Cottage, Rustic Growth Habit Compact Growth Rate Moderate Landscape Use Firescaping/Fire Wise Light Needs Full sun https://www.monrovia.com/tango-weigela.html 2/3 1/15/2021 Tango Weigela Soil Needs All-Purpose Plant Food Special Feature Attracts Butteries, Extreme Cold Hardiness, Compact Form Water Needs Moderate Watering Needs Needs regular watering - weekly, or more often in extreme heat. Key Feature Summer Flowering CARE REVIEWS This Plant's Growing Zones: 4 - 8 Your USDA Cold Hardiness Zone: 4 Good to grow! Change Zip Code https://www.monrovia.com/tango-weigela.html 3/3.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants for Long-Season Bloom
    Visit us on the Web: www.gardeninghelp.org Plants for Long-season Bloom The following plants were selected from plants that have displayed a long-season of bloom at the Missouri Botanical Garden based on several years of bloom data. Grasses that hold their flower stalk well into winter are also included. In many cases, only the species or a good, representative cultivar of a species has been included. For example, many cultivars of purple coneflower, Echinacea purpurea are good, long-season bloomers, but only the species has been listed. Grasses* Andropogon gerardii big blue stem Bouteloua curtipendula sideoats grass Calamagrostis x acutiflora 'Karl Foerster' feather reed grass Chasmanthium latifolium northern sea oats Elymus canadensis Canada wild rye Eragrostis trichodes sand lovegrass Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola' Japanese forest grass Miscanthus sinensis 'Morning Light' eulalia Panicum virgatum 'Dallas Blues' switch grass Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Hameln' fountain grass Saccharum ravennae plume grass Sporobolus heterolepis prairie dropseed * have persistent flower stalk into winter for long-season appeal Perennials – Full Sun Achillea 'Coronation Gold' yarrow Asclepias tuberosa butterfly weed Aster novae-angliae 'Purple Dome' New England aster Aster oblongifolius aromatic aster Boltonia asteroides var. latisquama 'Snowbank' false aster Callirhoe involucrata purple poppy mallow Dianthus 'Feuerhexe' FIREWITCH cheddar pink Eryngium yuccifolium rattlesnake master Gaura lindheimeri gaura Glandularia canadensis rose verbena Goniolimon tataricum
    [Show full text]