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Non Forest Timber Products Institute for Strategic Studies and Prognoses Crnogorskih serdara, Lamela C 1-2 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro Phone/Fax: (00 382 20) 634 338, 634 329 E-mail: [email protected] , Web site: www.isspm.org Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) Survey SUB -SECTOR ANALYSIS (SSA) FINAL REPORT July 2008 2 Foreword In cooperation with SNV, the Institute for Strategic Studies and Prognoses realized a project-survey on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Montenegro, including all important subjects involved in the value chain (collectors, middlemen, NTFP processors and exporters). The NTFP sector in Montenegro is still undeveloped but considering the wealth of NTFP natural resources, especially mushrooms, wild fruits and medicinal plants, it has great potential. With this presumption and data gathered from field work (survey), this report shows the main findings, which have been grouped in two separate analyses. The first part of the report contains the results and analysis of the first survey-field work conducted among the households in the northern municipalities. The survey was conducted on a pre-determined representative sample and was focused on three groups of people that may be part of the NTFP value chain. It was conducted among private forest owners, as well as those who deal with NTFPs as collectors and middlemen. The first part of this report contains a quantitative analysis of data derived from the survey. The second part of the report addresses individual processing companies that process and export NTFPs. This qualitative analysis is based on individual meetings and discussions with major NTFPs processors in Montenegro. Another important part of this report contains the main findings and conclusions based on a focus group organized between NTFP processors who had previously been interviewed. Based on the produced analyses, this report gives an overall picture of the NTFP sector in Montenegro and addresses the most important questions about its future development. It takes a close look at the main threats and opportunities identified through the quantitative and qualitative research. The annexes in the last part of this report includes all of the SPSS outputs related to quantitative analysis of private forest owners, collectors and middlemen, as well as the two types of the questionnaires that were used in the survey for the purposes of quantitative and qualitative analysis. 3 ISSP TEAM Msci Jadranka Kaludjerovic, ISSP program director Milica Dakovic, project coordinator Msci Ana Krsmanovic, ISSP analyst Milika Mirkovic, ISSP researcher Mirza Muleskovic, ISSP researcher Vojin Golubovic, ISSP researcher Marina Glendza, ISSP researcher Jadranka Milacic, ISSP researcher 4 CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction and Objectives 6 Chapter 2: The Methodology 7 2.1. The sample 7 2.2. Questionnaire 9 2.3. Data collection, processing and analysis 9 2.4. Qualitative Analysis 9 Chapter 3: Main findings 11 3.1. Quantitative analysis on NTFPs survey 11 3.1.1. General information about the households 11 3.1.2. Private forest owners (PFO) 14 3.1.3. NTFP Collectors and middlemen 22 3.1.4. Household income 28 3.2. Qualitative research - NTFPs Processors and Exporters 30 3.2.1. Introduction 30 3.2.2. Summary 31 FOCUS GROUP WITH NTFP PROCESSORS 35 Chapter 4: Interpretation and analysis of the main findings 37 4.1. Private forest owners 37 4.2. NTFPs collectors 38 4.3. NTFPs middlemen 38 4.4. NTFPs processors and exporters 39 4.5. Recommendations with regards to program design 41 ANNEX 1 SPSS OUTPUTS 44 ANNEX 2 QUESTIONNAIRES 69 5 Tables Table 1 Sample stratification Table 2 Urban sample stratification Table 3 Rural sample stratification Table 4 List of the NTFPs processors Table 5 Urban/rural sample structure of municipalities Table 6 Level of satisfaction with the services that PFO received from the Forestry Directorate Table 7 How much did you sell in 2007? (average) Table 8 Do you regard NTFP money as a sustainable source of income?/crosstab Table 9 How much did you (middlemen) sell in 2007 (kg)? Table 10 Average price of sold NTFPs from middlemen Table 11 Average HHS income from forest products Table 12 List of the NTFPs processors Graphs Graph 1 What was your primary activity in the past month? Graph 2 Do you own forest? Graph 3 Size of Private Forests Graph 4 Type of ownership documents Graph 5 How did you obtain your forest? Graph 6 Main reasons of ownership Graph 7 How often do you visit your forest? Graph 8 What do you think about forest certification? Graph 9 Reasons why you should consider certifying of your forestland Graph 10 Do you get permits for wood cutting? Graph 11 Main purposes of wood cutting Graph 12 Is firewood a sustainable source of income? Graph 13 What kind of services you received from Forestry Directorate? Graph 14 Who helps you solve these problems? Graph 15 Who should solve the problems of the forestry sector? Graph 16 If there is an association of PFO, what services should be useful for you? Graph 17 How much are you willing to pay annually for these services? Graph 18 Does your household collect NTFPs? Graph 19 To what extent does your household rely on this revenue? Graph 20 Do you (head of the household) collect NTFPs? Graph 21 Why do you collect NTFPs? Graph 22 What NTFPs do you collect? Graph 23 Where do you sell your NTFPs? Graph 24 Do you regard NTFP revenues to a sustainable source of income? Graph 25 If there were associations of collectors, what services would be useful to you? Graph 26 What improvements would you suggest for the development of the NTFP sector? Graph 27 Where do you sell medicinal plants? Graph 28 Do you think the price is fair? Graph 29 What is the main barrier for the NTFPs sector? Graph 30 If there was an association of collectors, what services would be useful to you? Graph 31 What is your main source of household income? Graph 32 Trends in NTFPs collecting within the last three years Acronyms NTFPs Non Timber Forest Products PFO Private Forest Owner HHS Household 6 Chapter 1: Introduction and Objectives Gathering information and data is necessary to create a sound analysis of the development of the non-timber forestry sector, and to subsequently design a detailed intervention programme that has appropriate objectives, a well-targeted set of indicators, and sound monitoring. The objectives of this sub-sector analysis are: To obtain relevant data on actors, factor, interactions and relationships in the sustainable exploitation of NTFP in the study area, and with a specific social focus on the dimensions of poverty and social inclusion; To establish facts about the relative importance of various NTFPs in household economies (possibly by categorising households by level of income/set of NTFPs); To identify organisational and institutional issues affecting NTFP collection; To make relevant recommendations for an SNV programme of interventions, including objectives, main activities, possible results and indicators for measuring success. Engaging the NTPF value chain as a whole is a critical factor to the further improvement and development of this sector. Thus, this project has involved all necessary actors: Private Forest Owners (PFOs), collectors of NTPFs, middlemen (or suppliers) and NTPFs processors and exporters. In order to meet the objectives of this analysis, the ISSP conducted a quantitative survey about PFOs, collectors and middlemen in the NTFP process. The survey was directed at 500 households from the northern municipalities, which includes 1,980 individuals (household members). The survey results provided information on PFOs and the engagement of households in NTPFs. A qualitative analysis was conducted among NTFPs processors and exporters in northern Montenegro. This analysis is based on set of individual interviews with NTFPs processors and one focus group session involving all NTPF processors who were previously interviewed. The interviews and the focus group were conducted using a single standardized questionnaire. The NTPFs processors greatly contributed to the process in helping understand the current problems, challenges and overall state of the sector. 7 Chapter 2: The Methodology 2.1. The sample The sample used for the NTFPs Survey is made up of a three-stage stratified sample on the basis of regional, municipal and urban/rural divides (30%:70%) in accordance with the total population. The sample is based on 500 households from municipalities in the northern part of Montenegro. Table 1 Sample stratification MUNICIPALITY TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS URBAN RURAL Andrijevica 20 6 14 Berane 92 28 64 Bijelo Polje 122 36 85 Kolasin 46 14 32 Mojkovac 26 8 18 Plav 36 11 25 Pljevlja 80 24 56 Rozaje 58 17 41 Zabljak 20 6 15 TOTAL 500 150 350 The urban divide is determined by previously defined urban municipalities in which surveyors randomly picked those households that are possibly involved in NTFPs collection or are private forest owners. Surveyors were followed lists of given streets in the urban parts of municipalities. In these streets they randomly choose the first house/apartment and continued with surveying in each fifth house/apartment in targeted street. After they choose household, surveyors asked two ‘test’ questions - Is some household member private forest owner (PFO) or NTFPs collector or middlemen? If the answer on each of these questions was positive, surveyors started with surveying of that household, making an interview with the head of the household and fulfilling the questionnaire. In case when answer on previously defined question is negative, surveyor skip that household and continue to search another fifth household from that street looking to find other that are possibly involved into PFO or NFTPs. Surveyors were obliged to stick to the street previously defined within the sample. 8 Table 2 Urban sample stratification STREET Andrijevica Branka Deletica Berane 29 Novembra Njegosev trg Miljana Tomicica Bijelo Polje 29 Novembra Rakonje Kolasin Mojkovacka Mojkovac Ljubomira Bakoca Plav Ulica Slobode Pljevlja Manastirska Trsova Velimira Jakica Rozaje Rifata Burdzevica Jaha Kurtagica Zabljak Njegoseva The rural divide is based on the size of the population in each rural unit in a targeted municipalities and their share in the total population of each municipality.
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