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Pakistan-Iran Relations Since 2005-2015: Political Andeconomic Dimensions

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Pakistan-Iran Relations Since 2005-2015: Political Andeconomic Dimensions PAKISTAN-IRAN RELATIONS SINCE 2005-2015: POLITICAL ANDECONOMIC DIMENSIONS Submitted By MUHAMMAD NAVEED UL HASAN SHAH PhD Scholar DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR SESSION: 2011-12 DEDICATION This work is nicely dedicated to my parents; Especially to my father Syed Jaffar Hussain Shah (Late) & To my wife & dear sons Shabeeb Ul Hasan Syed & Muneeb ul Hasan Syed i TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ............................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... vi Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... vii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... x Chapter - 1 .................................................................................................................... 1 PAKISTAN-IRAN RELATIONS SINCE 2005-2015: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................ 3 1.3 Justification of the Study ................................................................................. 4 1.4 Aims and Objectives of the Study ................................................................... 5 5. To assess the possible outcomes of the significant challenges to Pak-Iran relations. ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Research Questions ......................................................................................... 6 1.6 Methodology ................................................................................................... 6 Chapter-2 ...................................................................................................................... 7 AN OVERVIEW OF PAK-IRAN RELATIONS Brief History .............................. 7 2.1 Chapter Overview ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Foreign policy of Pakistan: An Overview ..................................................... 13 2.4 Foreign policy of Iran: An overview ............................................................. 17 2.5 Impacts Of Pak-Iran Foreign Policies Upon Each Other .............................. 19 2.6 Pak-Iran ties since 1947 to Islamic Revolution 1979 .................................... 21 2.7 Economic Conditions ofPakistan And Iran In Early Period ......................... 27 2.8 Pak-Iran relations from 1971 to the fall of shah............................................ 28 2.9 Pak-Iran relations post Islamic revolution in Iran 1979 ................................ 34 ii 2.10 Bilateral ties of Pak-Iran touched bottom line ever in 1990s ........................ 39 2.11 New beginning of Pak-Iran relations since Khatami regime ........................ 43 2.12 Fall of Taliban; a major hurdle erased in Pak-Iran relations ......................... 44 2.13 Post 9/11 Scenario and USA attack on Afghanistan. .................................... 45 2.14 Disagreement on Deployment of US allies forces in Afghanistan................ 48 2.15 Pakistan And Iran Reservations On Their Relations with India And US respectively............................................................................................................... 50 2.16 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 51 Chapter-3 .................................................................................................................... 52 PAK-IRAN POLITICAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ................. 52 3.1 A glance on the chapter ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2 Background ................................................................................................... 52 3.3 Introduction ................................................................................................... 54 3.4 Pak-Iran Relations And Rise Of Taliban In Afghanistan .............................. 58 3.5 Pak-Iran relations under US pressure ............................................................ 59 3.6 Pak-Iran Relations And Role Of KSA .......................................................... 60 3.7 Joint Commission on Security: (2001) .......................................................... 62 3.8 Parvez Musharraf’s visit of Iran: (2008) ....................................................... 63 3.9 Different Major challenges in Pak-Iran relations .......................................... 65 3.10 Human Trafficking ........................................................................................ 65 3.11 Iran motivated for border fencing ................................................................. 66 3.12 Iran crosses border attacks on Pakistan ......................................................... 67 3.13 US Factor and foreign policy of Pakistan ..................................................... 69 3.14 Iran foreign policy in glance ......................................................................... 69 3.15 Pakistan foreign policy in glance .................................................................. 70 3.16 Iran-US rivalry .............................................................................................. 71 3.17 Politics Of Energy: Pak-Iran RelationsAnd Role Of India ........................... 73 iii 3.18 Gas pipeline from directly Iran to Pakistan via eastern border ..................... 74 3.19 Good relations of US, IRAN AND PAKISTAN .......................................... 77 3.20 Divergence of Pak-Iran interests: Chahbahar and Gawadar port .................. 77 3.21 Role of Baluchistan in Pak-Iran relations ..................................................... 77 3.22 Pak-Iran border situating in Baluchitsn (Pakistan) and Sistan-Baluchistan (Iran) region.............................................................................................................. 78 3.23 Baluchistan a doorway in between Pak-Iran ................................................. 80 3.24 Baluchistan-Sistan ......................................................................................... 80 3.25 Baluchistan opportunity or challenge for Pak-Iran neighbors ...................... 83 3.26 Iran’s view regarding Kashmir issue ............................................................. 87 3.27 Terrorism & Sectarianism a Major hurdle in Pak-Iran relations ................... 88 3.28 Balochistan Based Jundallah Organization ................................................... 89 3.29 Major assaults done by Jundullah ................................................................. 94 3.30 How Jondollah was highly developed? ......................................................... 96 3.31 Backing support of Jondollah ........................................................................ 97 3.32 Iranian Measures Against Jundullah’sActivities ........................................... 99 3.33 Concluding Remarks OnJondullah................................................................ 99 3.34 Sectarian Violence in Baluchistan and the Assassination of Hazara .......... 100 3.35 Terrorist organizations in Sistan-Baluchistan region of Iran ...................... 103 3.36 Jaish ul Adl .................................................................................................. 103 3.37 Harkate Ansar (HAI) ................................................................................... 105 3.38 Attack on Iran and issue of nuclear program .............................................. 105 3.39 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 107 Chapter - 4 ................................................................................................................ 109 PAKISTAN-IRAN RELATIONS: ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES .................................................................................................. 109 4.1 Chapter Overview ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2 Economic Relations: Background ............................................................... 109 iv 4.3 Introduction Economic and Trade Relations ............................................... 112 4.4 Pak-Iran relations in energy context: Pakistan importing electricity .......... 115 4.5 Issues in Baluchistan For Economics of Both Countries ............................ 118 4.6 Pak-Iran Joint Venture in Baluchistan ........................................................ 119 4.7 IPI Project .................................................................................................... 119 4.8 Proposed Mutual Projects............................................................................ 120 4.10 Respective Institutional Economic Engagement ......................................... 121 4.11 Joint Economic Commission ......................................................................
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