206 The' Is atioii. [Vol.' 52, No. 1340 member that it is lavishly illustrated with ana­ ume will be complete in itself, and the sub­ struments and methods of research are de­ static lithographs of Petit's own pen sketches, jects will be treated by competent writers in a scribed with all necessary completeness. In broad and philosophic spirit—in the spirit of the second the two leading principles of spec­ and by cuts from drawings by Delamotte. the movement they are designed to assist. The processes used In reproducing here the old They will, it is hoped, be acceptable to those troscopy are developed, and here, perhaps, illustrations have not dealt very kindly with who have not time to study in detail the large lbs American and English student will find them. Those from Petit's pen drawings a'e subjects treated of, but who desire to get a most that Is new and useful. It is often said general knowledge of the conclusions arrived mostly reduced, with much advantage to the at by specialists." that an incandescent gas is characterized by compactness of the volume, and with little bright lines in its spectrum, but we learn the harm to the rather rude original?. Three, by This statement regarding the scope of the fact, which has been long known though half the way, which are classed with these in the series conveys some idea of the general cha­ forgotten, that this is true only under two con­ descriptive list, are surely from another hand racter of Mr. Gibbins's little book. It is not a ditions, viz.: that the gas is transparent than hip, and a more skilful one (pp. 146,'153, work of original research, but gives, in a clear, through and through, and has within it no 299). The cuts have not fared so well. Some, concise, and simple form, the main points in solid matter as hot as the gas itself. in which the original blocks may have been England's economic and industrial history; it The results of spectrum analysis are set forth used, are Eatisfaclorily given, but most are gives a " general view of the broad outlines, in the third and concluding part. As an ex­ either badly processed or printed from blocks of the growth of our wealth and industry in ample of the author's method we may instance that are worn and clogged, - so that they their relation to the general history of Eng­ his dealing with the spectrum of the zodia­ misrepresent the originals. But the paper land." The scope of the work is not well in­ cal light. In three pages he describes the and letter-press are good, and the illustrations, dicated by its title. England's commerce and spectrum as seen by four observers, giving it they have lost much of their charm, are still agriculture receive almost as much attention more than halt his space to the results reach- instructive. The student of architecture can as her industry. 'edby the best-situated observer. Prof. A. W. afford to be grateful for the republication, In dealing with so large a subject, it is al­ Wright of New Haven. Six figures of spectra though whether Mr. Petit and Mr. Delamotte most impossible to write a popular treatise free show to the eye that the spectrum is identical would be as much so is more questionable. from errors. Mr. Gibbins errs in identifying with that of reflected sunlight. the manor with the township (pp. 7, 22); he What renders the work especially valuable also fails to grasp the distinction between a to students and investigators is, in the first two The Eclogues of Calpurnius. Rendered into manor and a borough (pp. 23, 23). Names of parts, the completeness with which physical English Verse by Edward J. L. Scott. Lon­ places ending in ing can scarcely be called principles are applied tomethods of research; don : George Bell & Sons. 1S90. relics of the mark system (p. 7); nor does the and, in the third part, the condensation of PASTOKAL poetry in the purely literary type name Tucking Mill afford striking evidence of the latest results reached by observers every­ known as the Eclogue has never become do­ the settlement of the Flemings in England (p. where. We therefore hope that it will speedily mesticated in English. Even in Latin, Vergil's 37). The Domesday Survey was not made in be made more accessible to American students Bucolics owe their place in literature to their 1089 (p. 16). The firma burgi was not a " com­ by an English translation. matchless grace and mastery of language and position for taxation," the payment of a fixed metre, and not to their matter, which was ap­ sum of money in lieu of tallage?, etc. (p. 25); parently exhausted by the pioneer in the type, most English writers persist in giving this er­ BOOKS OF THE WEEK. Theocritus. As for the Eclogues of Calpur­ roneous definit-ion of firma burgi, although Aldrich, T. B. The Sisters' Tragedy, and Other Poems. nius, the copy of a copy, " shadow of a shade," there are numerous documents in print which Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. • 81.^6. Beauregard, Geu. G. T. A Commentary on the Cam­ nobody ever thinks of reading them save those show clearly what the term really meant. It paign and Battle of Manassas of Juiy, 1801. G. P. Putnam's Sons. SI. whose business it is to go down into the deeps is also a mistake to assert that all the towns BecltwHh, Anna L. Constance Winter's Choice. Chi­ of hexameter construction. One is, thSrefore, cago : Kand. McNally & Co. had secured thefimia burgi by the end of the Cahoon, F. Whom God Hath Joined. Chicago: Laird rather at a loss to see why Mr. Scott has feltit Norman period (p. 25). Some of the author's & Lee. Carnarvon, Eari of. Chesterfleld'3 Letters. 3 vols. worth while to translate them into English assertions regarding the gilds- are very doubt­ G. P. Putnam's Sons. ?2. Couke, G. W. Browning Gulde-Boolc. Boston: verse, in spite of his statement that they have ful, especially his statements, on pp. 27, 28, Houghton, MifHin & Co. 82. never before appeared in English. The metre that the gild feast was held once a month, that Gomme. G. L. The Gentleman's Magazine Library. Architectural Antiquities. Part II. Boston: Hough- which he has selected is tardly a happy choice. the merchant gilds " existed certainly in Ed­ toa. Sllffllu & Co. S2.60. As Gay said in his proem to the " Shepherd's Hand Boole of the American Republics. Bureau of the ward the Confessor's 1 ime," that the old village American Republics. Week," the language of the swains and shep­ gild feasts are probably represented to this Hussey, Martha S. Helps in Teaching Reading. Bos­ ton: D.Lothrop Co. herdesses of bucolic poetry was " not only such day in the parish feasts, and that the gilds Kear.v, C. F. The Vikings in Western Christendom. G. P. Putnam's Sons. • S2.50. as in the present times is not uttered, but was bought up the ^rma burgi of their respective Lair.ond, Elizabeth. Walter of Hen'ey's Husbandry. never uttered in times past, and, if 1 judge Longm.'ins. Green & Co. towns. For "Maxlead" (p. 58) read"Thax- Lincoln. D. F. Hygienic Physiology. Boston: Ginu & aright, will never be uttered in times future." tead." Co. 9J cents. Liov, D. Tlie Philosophy of Klglit. 2 vols. Loudon : They spoke an altogether artificial dialect, as As a rule, however, Mr. Gibbins is accurate, Kegau Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co. Macaulay, T. B. Second Essay on the Earl of Chatham. of courtiers playing at being rustic. They and has evidently made careful use of the best Leach, kho-vveli & Sanborn. were not the natural country folk of what Mr. Mason, L. \V. The New Fourth Music Reader. Boston: authorities on his subject. His clearness of Ginu & Co. $1.05. Lowell calls the Meyer, Mrs. Annie N. Woman's Work In America. style is also notable. His book likewise con­ Henry Holt & Co. S1.60. tains some excellent maps. It may be recom­ Milton's Arcades and Comus. Cambridge: University "days endeared to every Muse, Press; New York 1 Macmillan &Co. 90 cents. When nobcdy liad any views." mended without hesitation to those who desire Miss Tcosey's Mission. E. P. Button & Co. 75 cents. Morris, W., and EIrikr Magniisson. The Saga Library. And to put their sham simplicity into this a good concise account of the economic history Vol I. London : Bernard Quarltch. same delightfully confidential verse, as Mr. of England. v Mowat, Hon. O. Christianity and Some of its Evi­ dences. Fleming H. Eeveli. 50 cents. Scott has done, instead of into the consecrated- Oucrland Monthly, 'Vol. XVI. July-December, 1890. • San Francisco. heroic couplet, is surely an error of taste. Palm, A. J. The Death Penalty. G. P. Putnam's Sons. . But there is no such fault to be found with »1.25. Die Spectralanalyse der Gestirne. Von Dr. Parsons, Rev. J. c. English Verslflcatlon. Leach, the translation itself. Besides, being admira­ •. Sheweil & Sanborn. J. Scheiner. Mit einem Vorworte von Prof. bly faithful, its language is exactly suited to Peard, Frances. Mademoiselle. E. P. Duttou & Co. H. C. Vogel. Leipzig: Engelmann. 1890. 81.25. the literary type, having (to quote Gay again) Ramsay, Prof. W. Historical Geography of Asia Minor. THIS book belong.") to that limited class of scien­ London: John Murray. " too much of the country to be fit for the Rathborne, G. The Cartaret Affair. Chicago : Laird tific works whose very excellence blunts the in­ court; too much of the court to be fit for the & Lee. terest of a detailed review. Devoid of non­ Eeclua. EUe. Primitive Polk. Sorlbner & Welford. country." This was just what the ancient 81.25. Elgdon, J. Grammar of the English Sentence. Dan- bucolic poets succeeded in producing; this is sense and devoted entirely to setting forth .vllie, ind.: The Indiana Publishing Co. Eos-^ettl, W. M. The Adonals of Shelley. Oxford : what Mr. Scott has reproduced. what is known, what remains to be discover­ Clarendon Press: New York: Macmillan & Co. ed, and how to proceed in mastering that re­ 81.50. mainder, the task of the reviewer is limited to Rowe. P. J. The Coming of Arthur and the Passing o f Arthur.' Macmillan & Co. 40 cents. The Industrial History of England. By H. showing what the book is and what want it Shady Side ; or. Life In a Country Parsonage. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 81. de B. Gibbins. London : Methuen & Co. fulfils. We learn from the preface that the Shakespeare. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Macmil­ 1890. Pp. viii, 232. 8vo. lan & Co. 40 cents. late Dr. Engelmann, in whose person the pro­ Sherman, Gen. W. T. Personal Memoirs. 2 vols. THIS is the first volume of the " University fessions of astronomer and publisher were hep- Charles L. Webster & Co. Sidney, Sir P. An Apologle for Poetrie. Cambridge: Extension Series," edited by J. E. Symes, pily united, conceived the idea of a thorough University Press: New York : Macmillan. • which will comprise books on historical, lite­ treatise on "astrophysics," showing fully the Skeat, Rev. W. Principles of English Etymology. 2d series. Oxford: Clarendon Press: New Yortc ; rary, and economic subjects, suitable for ex­ present state of the science. The present work Macmillan. 82.60. Southwick, F. T. Primer of Elocution and Action. tension students and home-reading circles. is a partial embodiment of that idea, embrac­ Edgar S. Werner. - Stephenson, H. M. Livy. Book XXVII. Cambridge; " The volumes are intended to assist the lec­ ing, with all necessary detail, the subject of TJniversity Press. New York : Macmillan & Co. turer, and not to usurp his place. Each vol­ celestial spectroscopy. In the first part the in­ Sterrett, Prof. Reason and Authority in Religion. Thomas Whlttaker. $1.

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