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Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences Seasonal JCBPS; Section D; November 2019 –January 2020, Vol. 10, No. 1; 053-065. E- ISSN: 2249 –1929 [DOI: 10.24214/jcbps.D.10.1.05365. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences Available online atwww.jcbsc.org Section D: Environmental Sciences CODEN (USA): JCBPAT Research Article Seasonal Variation in Planktonic Fauna of Sarangpani Pond, Bhopal Pramod Kumar1, Ashwani Wanganeo1 Rajni Raina2 and Fozia Sonaullah1 1Department of Environmental Sciences and Limnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India. 2Department of Zoology, Government Science and Commerce College (Benazir), Bhopal, M.P., India. Received: 10 January 2020; Revised: 24 January 2020; Accepted: 30 January 2020 Abstract: Present study was aimed to assess the zooplankton diversity and entire ecological condition of Sarangpani pond of Bhopal city. Total of 78 zooplankton species were recorded from the ponds waters during two years of study period which consisted of Rotifera 29 species (37%), Cladocera &Protozoa 16 species each (20% each), Copepoda 13 species (17%) and Ostracoda 4 species (5%). Among all the zooplankton classes, species belongs to the class Rotifera were recorded their dominance during both the years of study. The dominance of Rotifers population in terms of quality has been recorded. Seasonal variation of zooplankton population recorded maximum species diversity of class Rotifera during summer (1st year) and winter season (2nd year). On the other hand, minimum population density was contributed by class Copepoda in all the season. Presence of various pollution indicator zooplankton species indicates and evidences the high anthropogenic pressure and direct mixing sewage from the nearby catchment in the pond waters which has accelerated the eutrophication in the Sarangpani pond. Keywords: Zooplankton, Trophic status, anthropogenic activities, Sewage pollution. 53 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. D ; November 2019 –January 2020, Vol. 10, No. 1; 053-065 DOI:10.24214/jcbps.D.10.1.05365.] Seasonal Variation … Pramod Kumar et al. INTRODUCTION Zooplankton provides the main food for fishes and can be used as indicators of the trophic status of water body1,2,. They provide an important link between trophic status and water quality of the aquatic ecosystems. Being a vital and important biological component of the aquatic ecosystem, zooplankton are able to reflects any environmental changes which helps us to monitor the entire ecological conditions of aquatic ecosystem. Changes in the zooplankton species composition have been used as indication of increased eutrophication of fresh waters3. Zooplankton are not only useful as bio-indicators to help us detect pollution load, but are also helpful for ameliorating polluted waters. They assume a great ecological significance in aquatic ecosystem as they play vital role in food web, nutrient recycling, and in transfer of organic matter from primary producers to secondary consumers like fishes4. Hence, zooplankton communities, based on their quality and species diversity, are used for assessing the productivity vis -a‐ vis fishery resource, fertility and health status of the ecosystem5. Generally, species composition and community structure of zooplankton in a water body is found to be fairly constant and cannot be changed for many decades, but it changes when water body is under stress pollution or eutrophication. Therefore, during the assessment of the ecological status of water bodies the species composition, quantitative characteristics of individual species and groups of zooplankton is of great importance6,7. Bhopal district has numerous aquatic resources supporting rich biodiversity. Among all the water bodies, only few references are available on the planktonic biodiversity of Sarangpani pond. Therefore, an attempt has been made to investigate the composition of the zooplankton community in Sarangpani pond during 2007-2008.The present study on planktonic fauna of Sarangpani pond will be helpful for researcher for further studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study Area: Sarangpani pond is also called as Piplani Pond as it is situated in the Piplani area of BHEL city of Bhopal and lies between Latitude 23º12'13.23" N and Longitude 77°25'18.31"E at an elevation of 1601ft. This is mainly used for fish culture. Due to mixing of organically enriched effluents from catchment the quality of water body has degraded. Few Dhobi Ghats are established along periphery of the pond. Apart from this, large quantities of domestic wastes from surroundings are also added into the pond. Most of the time the pond is covered with Eichornia crassipes and green algal blooms mainly composed of Cyanobacteria. For the present study a single sampling site was selected at the central point of the pond, close to floating fountain. Some important morphometric features of the Sarangpani pond were estimated and documented during present study which is given in Table 1 and the location of the pond is shown in Fig. 1. 54 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. D ; November 2019 –January 2020, Vol. 10, No. 1; 053-065 DOI:10.24214/jcbps.D.10.1.05365.] Seasonal Variation … Pramod Kumar et al. Table 1: Some Important Morphometric Features of the Sarangpani Pond, Bhopal Features Sarangpani Pond Physical Location Bhopal City (Piplani) Type of Dam Earthen dam Latitude 23°14'37.30"N Longitude 77°28'18.66"E Maximum length (m) 420 Maximum width (m) 160 Maximum depth (m) 4.6 Minimum depth (m) 0.8 Sources of water Rain water, Domestic sewage Washing & Bathing, Aquaculture, Main use of water Recreation and Gardening in Surroundings Areas Figure 1: Location of Sarangpani Pond in the Bhopal District For enumeration of zooplankton population of surface and bottom waters, water samples (20 liters) were filtered with the help of plankton net made of bolting silk of mesh size of 20 µm and concentrated in 100 ml of plastic vials followed by preserving with 5% formaldehyde solution / 0.5 ml of prepared Lugol’s iodine solution. For identification of zooplankton species up to the species level for their taxonomic and various morphometric characters the concentrated samples were examined under the inverted microscope (Metzer made) following the available standard taxonomic references8-16. 55 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. D ; November 2019 –January 2020, Vol. 10, No. 1; 053-065 DOI:10.24214/jcbps.D.10.1.05365.] Seasonal Variation … Pramod Kumar et al. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The qualitative and quantitative details of zooplankton species of Sarangpani pond are summarized in Table 2 and 3. Ostracoda 5% Copepoda Rotifera 17% 37% Cladocera 21% Protozoa 20% Fig. 2: Qualitative contribution and Percentage composition of zooplankton classes During present investigation (2007-2008) total of 78 zooplankton species were identified from Sarangpani pond which were composed of Rotifera (29 species & 37 %); Protozoa and Cladocera (16 species & 20 % each); Copepoda (13 species & 18 %) and Ostracoda (4 species & 5 %) (Fig. 2 and Table 2). Table 2: Seasonal qualitative enumeration of zooplankton of Sarangpani pond, Bhopal Name of the Taxa 2007 2008 Rotifera W S M PM W S M PM Anuraeopsis coelata(Beauchamp, 1932) + + + + + Anuraeopsis fissa (Gosse, 1851) + + + + + Anuraeopsis sp. + + + + + + + + Ascomorpha sp. (Perty, 1850) + + + + + + + + Brachionus angularis(Gosse, 1851) + + + + + + + + Brachionus bidentata(Anderson, 1889) + + + + + Brachionus budapestinensis (Daday, 1885) + + + + + + + Brachionus calcyfloryus(Pallas, 1766) + + + + + + + Brachionus caudatus (Barrois and Daday, 1894) + + + + + + + Brachionus diversicornis (Daday, 1883) + + + + + + Brachionus falcatus (Zacharias, 1898) + + + + + + Brachionus patulus (Muller. 1786) + + + + + + + Brachionus rubens (Ehrenberg, 1838) + + + + + + Brachionus sp. (Pallas, 1766) + + + + + + + Cephalodella gibba (Ehrenberg, 1830) + + + + + + + + 56 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. D ; November 2019 –January 2020, Vol. 10, No. 1; 053-065 DOI:10.24214/jcbps.D.10.1.05365.] Seasonal Variation … Pramod Kumar et al. Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg, 1834) + + + + + + + + Filinia opoliensis (Zacharias, 1898) + + + + Filinia terminalis (Plate, 1886) + + + + + + + Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) + + + + + + + + Keratella sp. + + + + Keratella tropica (Apstein, 1907) + + + + + + + + Lecane aculeate (Jakubski, 1912) + + + + + Lecane sp. (Ehrenberg 1832) + + + + + + + Lepadella ovalis (Muller, 1896) + + + + + + Mytilinia sp. (Ehrenberg, 1832) + + + + + Polyarthra sp. (Hood, 1893) + + + + + + + Testudinella sp. (Hermann, 1783) + + + + + + Trichocerca cylindrica (Imhof, 1891) + + + + Trichocerca sp. (Lamarck, 1801) + + + + Total Number of Species 22 25 19 25 26 23 19 24 Protozoa Arcella discoides (Ehrenberg, 1843) + + + + + + + + Arcella polypore (Penard, 1890) + + + + + + + Arcella sp. (Ehrenberg, 1832) + + + + + + + + Arcella vulgaris (Ehrenberg, 1832) + + + + + + + + Centropyxis aculeate (Ehrenberg, 1838) + + + + + + + + Centropyxis constricta (Ehrenberg, 1841) + + + + + + + Centropyxis ecornis (Ehrenberg, 1841) + + + + + + + + Centropyxis sp. (Stein, 1857) + + + + + + + Coleps sp. (Nitzsch, 1827) + + + + + + + + Cryptodifflugia sp. (Penard, 1890) + + + + + + + Difflugia acuminate (Ehrenberg, 1838) + + + + + Difflugia sp. (Leclerc, 1815) + + + + + + + + Difflugia lobostoma (Leclerc, 1815) + + + + + + + Difflugia urceolata (Carter, 1864) + + + + + + Nuclearia simplex (Cienkowski, 1865) + + + + + Paramecium caudatum + + + + + + Total Number of Species 12 15 14 16 15 15 14 12 Cladocera Alona sp. (Baird, 1843) + + + + + + Bosmina
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