Professional Roles for the Advanced Practice Nurse
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65067_CH01_001_018.qxd 1/19/12 4:24 PM Page 1 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION PART 1 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Professional Roles for the Advanced Practice Nurse © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION In Part 1 of this book, we will consider the In Chapter 2, Pulcini defines advanced role ©of Jonesthe advanced & Bartlett practice nurseLearning, from LLCpractice nursing from a traditional© Jones per- & Bartlett Learning, LLC historical,NOT present-da FOR SALEy, and futureOR DISTRIBUTION perspec- spective and traces the historyNOTof the FORroles. SALE OR DISTRIBUTION tives. This content is intended to serve as a Traditionally, and as discussed by Pulcini, general introduction to select issues in pro- advanced practice has been limited to clin- fessional role development for the ad- ical roles and includes the clinical nurse vanced practice of nursing. As students specialist, nurse practitioner, certified © Jones &progress Bartlett in the Learning, educational processLLC and de- nurse–midwife,© Jones and certified & Bartlett registered Learning, LLC NOT FOR vSALEelop greater OR knowledge DISTRIBUTION and expertise, role nurse anestheNOTtist ;FORthe last SALE three roles OR reDISTRIBUTION- issues and role transition should be inte- quire a license beyond the basic RN license grated throughout the entire program. to practice. This book, however, uses an ex- In Chapter 1,Wolf presents a brief his- panded definition of the advanced practice tory of nursing and its progress toward nursing that reflects current thinking. As © Jones & Bartlett Learning,professional LLC practice. Although not spe©- Jonesyou read & thisBartlett chapter Learning,, keep in mind LLCthis ex- NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONcific to the role of the advanced practiceNOT pandedFOR SALEdefinition OR and DISTRIBUTIONat the same time ap- nurse, the information presented in this preciate the development of the advanced chapter will assist the advanced practice clinical roles for nursing practice. nurse to gain a broader perspective on Since Pulcini’s work in 2004, much has nursing and healthcare organizations and transpired related to the role and educa- their© future. Jones This & discussion Bartlett lays Learning, the foun- LLCtion of nurses for advanced practice.© Jones Most & Bartlett Learning, LLC dationNOT for aFOR deeper SALE understanding OR DISTRIBUTION of the revolutionary is the mandateNOT to have FOR the SALE OR DISTRIBUTION historical development, current practice, clinical doctorate as the requirement for and future opportunities for advanced advanced clinical practice nursing by 2015 practice in nursing. (American Association of Colleges of © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION111 © Jones and Bartlett Publishers. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 65067_CH01_001_018.qxd 1/19/12 4:24 PM Page 2 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 2 I Part 1 Professional Roles for the Advanced Practice Nurse Nursing, 2007).© Jones With &this Bartlett change, many Learning, mas- LLCand nurse researcher, a different© setJones of educa- & Bartlett Learning, LLC ter’s programs for advanced practice nurses will tional requirements exists. The clinical nurse transitionNOT to the FOR doctoral SALE level. TheOR rationaleDISTRIBUTIONleader as a generalist will remainNOT as a FORmaster’s SALE OR DISTRIBUTION for this position by the American Association of program. For nurse educators, the position of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) was based on sev- AACN, although not universally accepted within eral factors: the profession (as demonstrated by the existence of master’s programs in nursing education), is © JonesI The & Bartlettreality that Learning, current master’s LLC degree © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC that didactic knowledge and practical experience NOT FORprograms SALE often OR require DISTRIBUTION credit loads equiva- NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION lent to doctoral degrees in other healthcare in pedagogy is additive to advanced clinical professions knowledge. Nurse researchers will continue to be prepared in PhD programs. Thus there will only I The changing complexity of the healthcare be two doctoral programs in nursing, the DNP environment and the PhD. It will be important for readers to © Jones & Bartlett ILearning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC The need for the highest level of scientific keep abreast of this movement as the profession NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONknowledge and practice expertise to assureNOTfurther FOR develops SALE and OR debates DISTRIBUTION this issue for impli- high-quality patient outcomes cations for their own practice and professional In an effort to clarify the standards, titling, and development and within their own specialty. The outcomes of clinical doctorates, the Com- best resource for this is the AACN website and mission on© JonesCollegiate & BartlettNursing Education Learning, theLLC websites of specialty organizations.© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC (CCNE)—the accreditation arm of AACN—has The last three chapters of Part 1 discuss the decided thatNOT only FOR practice SALE doctoral OR DISTRIBUTIONdegrees future of advanced practice nursingNOT FORand the SALE OR DISTRIBUTION awarding a doctorate of nursing practice (DNP) evolution of doctoral education—in particular, will be eligible for accreditation. In addition, the practice doctorate. Within today’s rapidly the AACN has published The Essentials of Doctoral changing and complex healthcare environment, © JonesEducation & Bartlett for Advanced Learning, Nursing Practice, LLC which members of ©the Jones nursing & profession Bartlett are Learning, chal- LLC sets forth the standards for the development, lenging themselves to expand the role of ad- NOT FORimplementation SALE OR and DISTRIBUTION program outcomes for vanced practiceNOT nursing FOR SALEto include OR highly DISTRIBUTION DNP programs. skilled practitioners, leaders, educators, re- Needless to say, this recommendation has searchers, and policymakers. not been fully supported by the entire profes- In Chapter 3, Carter reviews the historical sion. For instance, the American Organization development of doctoral programs, which pro- © Jones & Bartlett ofLearning, Nurse Executives LLC (AONE, 2007) does not© Jonesvides important & Bartlett background Learning, information LLC re- NOT FOR SALE ORsuppor DISTRIBUTIONt requiring a doctorate for managerialNOTgar FORding howSALE the professionOR DISTRIBUTION has arrived at the or executive practice based on expense, time aforementioned decisions. Of particular note is commitment, and the cost benefit of the de- his discussion of the controversy surrounding gree. It also suggests nurses may migrate toward the development of the clinical doctoral pro- a master’s© degree Jones in business, & Bartlett social Learning, sciences, grams.LLC Carter traces the roots of© the Jones PhD for & re- Bartlett Learning, LLC and public health in lieu of nursing. Further, search and clinical doctorate for practice. As AONE suggestsNOT thereFOR is SALE a lack of OR evidence DISTRIBUTION to doctorates in nursing developedNOT in the FOR latter SALE OR DISTRIBUTION support the need for doctoral education across part of the last century, the emerging diversity all aspects of the care continuum. In contrast, in titling and role expectations called for clarity doctoral and master’s education for nurse man- and direction for the profession. © Jonesagers & and Bartlett executives Learning, is encouraged. LLC In Chapter© 4,Jones Chism &defines Bartlett the DNP Learning, de- LLC For other advanced practice roles, including gree and compares and contrasts the research NOT FORthose ofSALE the clinical OR nurse DISTRIBUTION leader, nurse educator, doctorate andNOT the practice FOR doctorate.SALE OR The DISTRIBUTIONfocus © Jones and Bartlett Publishers. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 65067_CH01_001_018.qxd 1/19/12 4:24 PM Page 3 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION References I 3 of the DNP© Jones degree is & expertise Bartlett in clinical Learning, prac- LLCneurs, along with advanced practice© Jones nurses’ & in-Bartlett Learning, LLC tice. Additional foci include the Essentials of creased involvement in public health program- Doctoral NOTEducation FOR for Advanced SALE NursingOR DISTRIBUTION Practice ming and integrative and NOTcomplementary FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION as outlined by the AACN (2007), which include health modalities. leadership, health policy and advocacy, and in- formation technology. Role transitions for ad- REFERENCES © Jonesvanced & Bartlett practice nurses Learning, prepared LLCat the doctoral American Association© Jones of Colleges & Bartlett of Nursing. Learning, (2007). LLC level will call for an integration of