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The Nai Fellow Profile: an Interview with Dr. Joseph M. Desimone

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The Nai Fellow Profile: an Interview with Dr. Joseph M. Desimone Technology and Innovation, Vol. 19, pp. 441-448, 2017 ISSN 1949-8241 • E-ISSN 1949-825X Printed in the USA. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.21300/19.1.2017.441 Copyright © 2017 National Academy of Inventors. www.technologyandinnovation.org THE NAI FELLOW PROFILE: AN INTERVIEW WITH DR. JOSEPH M. DESIMONE Joseph M. DeSimone1,2 and Kimberly A. Macuare3 1Carbon, Redwood City, CA, USA 2University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 3National Academy of Inventors, Tampa, FL, USA In a recent interview with T&I, renowned professor, inventor, and serial entrepreneur Dr. Joseph M. DeSimone discusses how his company Carbon is revolutionizing the Maker Movement, why we shouldn’t be pessimistic about the impact that 3D printing and other technologies will have on jobs, and what really makes innovative teams successful. INTRODUCTION Technology and Innovation (T&I) is pleased to present Dr. Joseph M. DeSimone—engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur—as the subject of this issue’s NAI Fellow Profile. DeSimone is the CEO and co-founder of Carbon and the Chancellor’s Eminent Professor of Chemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), the William R. Kenan, Jr. Profes- sor of Chemical Engineering at North Carolina State University and of Chemistry at UNC, and an adjunct member at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. DeSimone, a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Ursinus College, received his Ph.D. in chemistry from Vir- ginia Tech and started his appointment as an assistant professor at UNC directly upon graduation. From that point on, he has set a whirlwind pace, and his career has been characterized both by swift ascent and high productivity. He is the author of over 300 articles, inventor on an awe-inspiring 350 issued or pending patents, and a successful serial entrepreneur. (photo courtesy of Joseph DeSimone) _____________________ Accepted April 15, 2017. Profiled Inventor: Joseph M. DeSimone, Ph.D., 1089 Mills Way, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA Corresponding Author: Kimberly A. Macuare, Associate Editor, Technology and Innovation, Journal of the National Academy of Inventors® at the USF Research Park, 3702 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 165, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. Tel: +1 (813) 974-1347; E-mail: [email protected] 441 442 THE NAI PROFILE His outstanding scientific work has earned him a DeSimone: I began my leave from the University place in that elite group of scholars who have been of North Carolina about three years ago. I still have elected to the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, seven students finishing up their doctoral disser- Engineering, and Medicine and selected as fellows tations, and the majority of them will be done by of the National Academy of Inventors, the Amer- the end of this calendar year. After starting several ican Association for the Advancement of Science, companies as a faculty member and nurturing them and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. while being a faculty member—as a board member Moreover, he has also been recognized with major or a consultant—and having taught entrepreneurship awards in other areas that are equally important to in the College of Arts and Sciences at Carolina, after him, including innovation, technology transfer, and 25 years, I’ve turned a new chapter, and I’m leading the promotion of diversity in science. Carbon. Trained as a chemist, DeSimone has focused his We have an amazing team of people here working academic and entrepreneurial efforts on finding inno- at the intersection of hardware engineering, software vative solutions to major problems in a wide range of engineering, and molecular science. We’re about 200 areas. Some of his key contributions have come in the strong, and we have products in the marketplace area of medicine and include his co-founding a com- that are doing fantastic. We’re trying to reinvent and pany to commercialize bioabsorbable drug-eluting disrupt the manufacturing sector. We believe strongly stents as well as his creation of fabrication techniques that although the digital revolution has impacted to specifically tailor nanoparticles for medical applica- many different sectors of the economy—commerce tions such as vaccines and medicines. Most recently, and movies and media and getting a hotel room or he has turned his considerable creative powers to the a taxi—the digital revolution has not happened in manufacturing sector, where his invention of Con- manufacturing. And the only hope for where that tinuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP), a new could really happen is in additive manufacturing 3D printing technology inspired by the Hollywood and 3D printing. Up until this point, 3D printing blockbuster Terminator 2, stands to revolutionize has been slow and uneconomical, and the parts have the manufacturing industry and affect sectors from not had the quality to be final parts. Carbon changes automotive to medical. CLIP technology, a major all of that, and therefore we’re trying to usher in the advance in additive manufacturing, uses a novel pho- digital revolution in manufacturing, reinventing the tochemical process that exploits light and oxygen to way people design, engineer, make, and distribute quickly make high-quality parts from specialized physical things. liquid resins. By using an oxygenated layer of resin during fabrication, CLIP obviates the need to peel T&I: You just mentioned that you have several prod- between layers of resin, a process that made previous ucts on the market that are doing really well right 3D printing machines slower and thus not feasible now. Which products are you most excited about? for mass manufacturing applications. DeSimone: We’ve invented a new way of doing 3D Dr. DeSimone was kind enough to take time away printing, and our machine—our hardware that we from his hectic schedule at his new company, which is call M1—is an internet-connected device that uses in full growth mode, to talk about how Carbon is rev- light and oxygen to grow parts. We have amazing olutionizing the Maker Movement, why we shouldn’t resins that have a wide range of mechanical properties be pessimistic about the impact that 3D printing and for a host of applications, ranging from a variety of other manufacturing technologies will have on jobs, performance plastics used in automotive and aero- and what really makes innovative teams successful. space to advanced materials for medical devices to amazing elastomers for athletic footwear all the way INTERVIEW to high-temperature materials used in demanding T&I: Can you tell us a bit about the current projects applications in aerospace and medical that are rigid you are working on at Carbon and if you still have and sterilizable. Some even have flame retardancy work in progress at your lab at UNC? for use in some really demanding application spaces. THE NAI PROFILE 443 So, at Carbon, it’s hardware, it’s software, it’s res- ins. The M1 itself is internet-connected and streams a lot of data back to us on an ongoing basis, which helps us constantly to improve how our technology works for our customers and partners. This ushers in a whole new frontier of how people make things with equipment that gets better with time. We push features to the printer itself, doing software upgrades every six or seven weeks, and, with those software upgrades, machine performance continues to get better. We can add new resins easily and give people the power to use new resins and new features. We’re really a data-centric company, and this also shifts the whole concept of provenance associated with parts. The idea that when people make a part using our technology, we know all the born-on data, all the conditions of the printer when a given part was made—how it was printed, which lot, which resins, which specific machine, which processing equipment was used to bake it—this allows us to raise the bar on authenticity of parts and part quality. We think people and businesses around the world are really going to love having data to track parts that are serialized, all the way back to a part’s origin. From a product safety and liability point of view, it’s a pretty amazing shift that ushers in new business models. Just look at recent cases of companies not knowing which cars contain terrible, defective air impact bags. We’re talking about hundreds of thousands, even millions, of cars. What a mess that is! The idea that we can change this kind of scenario through digital and additive by having a unique identifier on every part—we’re going to open up new business models. T&I: So, really, this technology is going to be a breeding ground for complementary technologies— hardware, software, materials etc. DeSimone: Yes, it’s a zero to one innovation in the Peter Thiel vernacular, with a whole bunch of cas- cading inventions that pile up on top of it. It really opens up a new vista of opportunities. T&I: 3D printing has spurred the Maker Movement, Figure 1. Since the date of this interview with Dr. DeSimone a highly influential movement with which you have (February 9, 2017), Carbon has released another printer, the been often associated and even cited as a pioneer. M2 (pictured here), that builds on the M1’s capabilities. The M2 features twice the build volume as the M1, allowing for larger Looking ahead, what do you envision the long-term parts, higher throughput, and lower part cost. (photo courtesy impact will be of this new culture of makers? of Carbon, Inc.) 444 THE NAI PROFILE DeSimone: You know, I think what’s amazing is that T&I: I hadn’t intended to ask this, but, in the wake you get to tap the ingenuity of a broad range of people of the 2016 election, the potential negative effects of who get exposed to what you’re doing.
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