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Species Diversity of Bats in Clarin River, Misamis Occidental, Philippines

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Species Diversity of Bats in Clarin River, Misamis Occidental, Philippines JournalSpecies Diversity of of Multidisciplinary Multidisciplinary of Bats in Clarin Studies River, Studies M. M. L. Del Socorro, Vol.Misamis 7,7, IssueIssue Occidental, No.No. 1,1, pp.pp. Philippines 209-223,209-223, AugustAugust 20182018 M. R. C. Enguito, E. F. Mapi-ot ISSN 2350-70202350-7020 (Print) ISSN 2362-94362362-9436 (Online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v7i1.1253 Species Diversity of Bats in Clarin River, Misamis Occidental, Philippines Magdalene Mae L. Del Socorro, Marie Rosellynn C. Enguito, Emmarie F. Mapi-ot Natural Science Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Misamis University, H. T. Feliciano St., Ozamiz City, Philippines Corresponding author: Magdalene Mae L. Del Socorro, email: [email protected] Abstract Bats display indispensable role in the balance of the ecosystem, from pollinating flowers and eating pest to dispersing seeds of plant species that depend entirely on bats for distribution. Bats are present in almost all habitats ranging from seaside, caves, mountains, and rivers. Clarin river is one of the freshwater bodies draining from the biodiverse Mt. Malindang that hosts a large number of flora and fauna. Riparian fauna along Clarin River is not yet assessed which is the main objective of this study. Bat fauna along the upstream, middle stream and downstream of Clarin river was assessed through mist netting to provide baseline data on the species composition and distribution of bats in the area. Ten species of bats were documented in the area of which four are endemic. The highest relative abundance was observed in upstream with a value of 39.38% and the highest species diversity was recorded in the midstream with diversity index of H’ = 1.748. The results of the study may provide baseline data on the species composition and distribution of bats in the area that can be used by the local government and other agencies in conserving bats. Keywords: abundance, ecosystem, endemic, fauna, freshwater 209 JournalSpecies Diversity of Multidisciplinary of Bats in Clarin Studies River, M. M. L. Del Socorro, Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Vol.Misamis 7, Issue Occidental, No. 1, pp. Philippines 209-223, August 2018 M. R. C. Enguito, E. F. Mapi-ot Vol. 7, Issue No. 1, pp. 209-223, August 2018 ISSN 2350-7020 (Print) ISSN 2350-7020 (Print) ISSN 2362-9436 (Online) ISSN 2362-9436 (Online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v7i1.1253 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v7i1.1253 Introduction Mt. Malindang is one of the mountain ranges that caters high faunal diversity with a land area that covers 53,262 hectares in which the Bats provide many important ecosystem services such as control forest covers about 33,000 hectares, and the remaining portion of more of insect pests, pollination, and dispersal of seeds (Maas et al., 2016; than 20,000 hectares are opened and occupied by about 4,000 families of Corlett, 2016; Costa et al., 2018). Therefore, they play an essential role whom some are indigenous people. The Mt. Malindang Range is a in the maintenance and regeneration of forests and also for the well- watershed or catchment area which drains water through 49 rivers and being of bat-dependent fruit trees. Moreover, they are considered as streams, and numerous creeks. It provides potable water for domestic, bioindicators of the quality of an ecosystem (Stahlschmidt & Brühl, agricultural, and other uses to more than one million inhabitants of 2012). Misamis Occidental and the eastern parts of Zamboanga del Norte and In the Philippines, Chiroptera is the most diverse order of Zamboanga del Sur. mammals with 78 known bat species belonging to six families Mt. Malindang is biologically and ecologically significant as a (Heaney et al., 2018). Twenty-five species are represented in the country home to many rare, endemic, and endangered species of plants and and these include the most abundant and most easily captured mammals. animals. However, its biodiversity has been severely threatened due to Moreover, 48 species of insectivorous bats are known to occur in the forest loss (Nuñeza et al., 2010). Intensification in land-use and farming Philippines. Insectivorous bats use a highly sophisticated and sensitive practices has had largely negative effects on bats, leading to population echolocation to navigate, and this system often allows them to evade declines and loss of ecosystem services (Williams-Guillén et al., 2016). mist nets set to capture them. As a result, they are often the least-well Clarin river is a freshwater body draining from the biodiverse Mt. known mammals in any given region (Heaney, 2002). Malindang that hosts a large number of flora and fauna. It forms a natural Philippines is very rich in terms of its biological diversity boundary between the city of Ozamiz and the municipalitiy of Clarin considering its small geographic area (Ambal et al., 2012). Mindanao, (Labajo-Villantes & Nuñeza, 2015). Riparian fauna along Clarin river, being the second largest island in the Philippine archipelago, has specifically bats are not yet assessed which is the main objective of this extensive lists of interesting flora and fauna in which some are endemic study. This research study aimed to determine the species diversity of to the island (Enriquez & Nuñeza, 2014; Nuñeza & Galorio, 2014; bats in Clarin river in Misamis Occidental. Specifically, the study aimed Supsup et al., 2017; Cabras et al., 2017). In Mindanao region, there are a to identify the bat species present in the area, determine the species total of 53 known bat species, fewer than five bat families of which three richness, relative abundance, distribution, endemism as well as their species are known to be distributed only in the Mindanao Islands conservation status. The results of the study may provide baseline data on including Alionycteris paucidentata and Ptenochirus minor, both the species composition and distribution of bats in the area that can be under the Family Pteropodidae, and Hipposideros coronatus of the used by the local government and other agencies in conserving bats. Family Rhinolophidae (Ingle et al., 1999). Bats inhabit varied sets of habitats ranging from forest, Materials and Methods agricultural area, urban, and riparian habitats (Kunz & Fenton, 2005). Riparian habitats including rivers are important habitats for several Sampling area bat species by providing them food, water and is widely accepted that Clarin River is one of the major river systems in the province of bat foraging activity is commonly greatest in these areas (Racey, 1998). Misamis Occidental situated along the boundary of the city of Ozamiz and the municipality of Clarin in Misamis Occidental, with coordinates 210 SpeciesJournal Diversity of Multidisciplinary of Bats in Clarin River, Studies M. M. L. Del Socorro, MisamisVol. 7, Issue Occidental, No. 1, pp. Philippines 209-223, August 2018 M. R. C. Enguito, E. F. Mapi-ot ISSN 2350-7020 (Print) ISSN 2362-9436 (Online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v7i1.1253 Mt. Malindang is one of the mountain ranges that caters high faunal diversity with a land area that covers 53,262 hectares in which the forest covers about 33,000 hectares, and the remaining portion of more than 20,000 hectares are opened and occupied by about 4,000 families of whom some are indigenous people. The Mt. Malindang Range is a watershed or catchment area which drains water through 49 rivers and streams, and numerous creeks. It provides potable water for domestic, agricultural, and other uses to more than one million inhabitants of Misamis Occidental and the eastern parts of Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur. Mt. Malindang is biologically and ecologically significant as a home to many rare, endemic, and endangered species of plants and animals. However, its biodiversity has been severely threatened due to forest loss (Nuñeza et al., 2010). Intensification in land-use and farming practices has had largely negative effects on bats, leading to population declines and loss of ecosystem services (Williams-Guillén et al., 2016). Clarin river is a freshwater body draining from the biodiverse Mt. Malindang that hosts a large number of flora and fauna. It forms a natural boundary between the city of Ozamiz and the municipalitiy of Clarin (Labajo-Villantes & Nuñeza, 2015). Riparian fauna along Clarin river, specifically bats are not yet assessed which is the main objective of this study. This research study aimed to determine the species diversity of bats in Clarin river in Misamis Occidental. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the bat species present in the area, determine the species richness, relative abundance, distribution, endemism as well as their conservation status. The results of the study may provide baseline data on the species composition and distribution of bats in the area that can be used by the local government and other agencies in conserving bats. Materials and Methods Sampling area Clarin River is one of the major river systems in the province of Misamis Occidental situated along the boundary of the city of Ozamiz and the municipality of Clarin in Misamis Occidental, with coordinates 211 JournalSpecies Diversity of Multidisciplinary of Bats in Clarin Studies River, M. M. L. Del Socorro, Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Vol.Misamis 7, Issue Occidental, No. 1, pp. Philippines 209-223, August 2018 M. R. C. Enguito, E. F. Mapi-ot Vol. 7, Issue No. 1, pp. 209-223, August 2018 ISSN 2350-7020 (Print) ISSN 2350-7020 (Print) ISSN 2362-9436 (Online) ISSN 2362-9436 (Online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v7i1.1253 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v7i1.1253 of 123o37’30” to 123o13’10” E and 8o7’30” to 8o13’10” N (Figure 1). (Syzigium cumini), banana (Musa spp.), corn (Zea mays) and Mango The study area was divided into three sampling sites: the downstream, (Mangifera indica).
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