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Cuba, the Caribbean, and US Foreign Policy Options

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Cuba, the Caribbean, and US Foreign Policy Options Draft Copy 1 THE STANLEY FOUNDATION + + + + + POLICY FORUM ON SECURING THE THIRD BORDER: CUBA, THE CARIBBEAN, AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY OPTIONS + + + + + THURSDAY NOVEMBER 1, 2001 + + + + + The forum was held at 9:00 a.m. in Conference Room B-1 at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1800 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., Sherry Gray of the Stanley Foundation, presiding. PRESENTERS: RANDY BEARDSWORTH, Georgetown University SELWYN H. H. CARRINGTON, Howard University JAMES C. CASON, Department of State ALBERTO R. COLL, U.S. Naval War College THOMAZ GUEDES da COSTA, National Defense University MARK FALCOFF, America Enterprise Institute IVELAW L. Griffith, Florida International University ANTHONY MAINGOT, Florida International University RICHARD A. NUCCIO, Pell Center SUSAN KAUFMAN PURCELL, The Americas Society ALSO PRESENT: SHERRY GRAY, The Stanley Foundation JENNIFER DAVIES, The Stanley Foundation NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com Draft Copy 2 C-O-N-T-E-N-T-S Welcome Sherry Gray, The Stanley Foundation ................4 Panel 1 - Regional Impact of the September 11th Events: U.S. Security Concerns: Thomaz Guedes da Costa, Moderator ............8 Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, National Defense University James C. Cason, Panel Speaker ...............11 Policy Planning Coordination Bureau of Western Hemisphere Department of State Ivelaw L. Griffith, Panel Speaker ...........28 The Honors College Florida International University Questions and Answers .......................44 Panel 2 - Understanding the Current "Functional" Security Relationship with Cuba: Mark Falcoff, Moderator .....................75 America Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research Captain Randy Beardsworth, Panel Speaker ....77 Caribbean Project Georgetown University Alberto Coll, Panel Speaker .................92 Center for Naval Warfare Studies U.S. Naval War College Questions and Answers ......................106 Panel 3 - Security Options for the Future Susan Kaufman Purcell, Moderator ...........131 The American Society NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com Draft Copy 3 C-O-N-T-E-N-T-S (Continued) Richard A. Nuccio, Panel Speaker ...........132 Pell Center for the International Relations and Public Policy Salve Regina University Anthony Maingot, Panel Speaker .............149 Florida International University Questions and Answers ......................178 Adjourn ..........................................205 NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com Draft Copy 4 1 P-R-O-C-E-E-D-I-N-G-S 2 (9:40 a.m.) 3 DR. GRAY: Good morning and welcome. My 4 name is Sherry Gray, and I'm a Program Officer in the 5 U.S. Foreign Policy Area at the Stanley Foundation. 6 I'm also the coordinator of a program called Emerging 7 from Conflict. If you're interested in that program, 8 you can look on the web page EMERGINGFROMCONFLICT.ORG. 9 I think most of you know Jennifer Davies, 10 who is outside the room, is Program Associate in the 11 Emerging from Conflict Program, and she organized this 12 forum. 13 This is a bit of a departure for the 14 Stanley Foundation. This is only the second time 15 we've done a public forum. The first one we did this 16 summer on Persian Gulf issues. We normally do closed 17 small group meetings that are off the record, and this 18 meeting is, by the way, on the record and we have 19 someone recording this meeting and there will be a 20 transcript put on the web page. 21 Let me give you just a little bit of 22 background on the Stanley Foundation, for those of you 23 who don't know us. C. Maxwell Stanley started the 24 foundation in 1956, so we're nearly 50 years old. He 25 was an engineer and a businessman in Iowa, and he put NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com Draft Copy 5 1 part of his fortune toward what he hoped would be 2 solutions for world peace. It sounds awfully grand, 3 and it's something I always tell the immigration 4 officers when I come back into the U.S. They ask, 5 "What is your occupation? What do you do?", and I 6 say, "Well, I work for world peace." 7 (Laughter.) 8 Max was part of that generation that had 9 experienced two major wars. During the Cold War it 10 looked to him like there was an even bigger war to 11 come, and he was a World Federalist and very active in 12 that organization. He felt that the United Nations 13 embodied the best hope to prevent the coming war, the 14 war that he saw coming, and to work toward solutions 15 to global issues or global problems. 16 If you have served at the U.N. or worked 17 at the U.N., you know probably Stanley Foundation has 18 done a lot of activities there for more than 40 years. 19 People in Iowa know the Stanley Foundation for the 20 Global Education Programs that we do K through 12, and 21 people around the country know us in various places 22 for the radio program "Common Ground," which 23 broadcasts on NPR stations around the country; for the 24 World Press Review, which is published out of our 25 offices in New York, and also for community college NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com Draft Copy 6 1 programs that we do nationwide. I think we're the 2 only organization now that works on global education 3 programs at the community college level. 4 In the area of U.S. foreign policy, the 5 area that I work on, Max was hoping to encourage U.S. 6 leaders, policy analysts, and decision-makers, and 7 those interested and involved citizens to choose 8 various things. I think he framed it as 9 "internationalism versus isolationism," "dialogue over 10 preparing for war," and the "multilateral over 11 unilateral." 12 The Stanley Foundation is a private 13 organization and we're privately endowed. We're an 14 operating foundation. We're nonprofit. We're 15 nonpartisan, and we're based in Muscatine, Iowa, 16 which, if any of you know where that is, you might win 17 a prize. I, myself, didn't know where it was, but 18 it's right next to the Mississippi River and where the 19 Mississippi divides Illinois and Iowa. So it's on the 20 Iowa side. It's very close to Iowa City. 21 This forum is sponsored by the Emerging 22 from Conflict Program, and it reflects the Stanley 23 Foundation's interest in both security issues and also 24 in U.S./Cuba relations. I have to tell you that we do 25 a lot of activities on security issues. Whenever we NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com Draft Copy 7 1 do something on Asia, our programs are oversubscribed 2 and the room is full, and I see that we don't have as 3 many people who are as interested in the Caribbean, 4 but we at the Stanley Foundation think that it's a 5 very important region. We think this region is very 6 important and the topic is relevant to what's going on 7 today. 8 We have a very distinguished set of 9 moderators and presenters and also audience here 10 throughout the day, and I'm looking forward to some 11 serious and clear examination of the security issues 12 that are facing the U.S. in the region, and also some 13 thoughtful discussion that comes out of these panel 14 sessions. 15 I think throughout the day during each 16 panel the presenters will limit their remarks to about 17 20 minutes and then we'll do questions and answers. 18 I'd like to introduce Thomaz da Costa, who 19 is at the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies at 20 National Defense University. He is a professor there 21 and also coordinator of, I think it is, the Caribbean 22 Security Course. He has a wide and broad and diverse 23 research area. 24 He has worked on, of course, international 25 relations and defense issues throughout South America. NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com Draft Copy 8 1 He's worked on defense issues, defense organization 2 issues, U.S./Brazil military relations, Brazilian 3 foreign policy, and also my favorite topic, which I 4 grilled him on, the Amazon and global politics, which 5 I think is absolutely fascinating. He is now becoming 6 a Caribbean expert, and he also was a career analyst 7 with Brazil's National Council for Scientific and 8 Technological Development. 9 He has taught IR theory, strategy, 10 international security, defense issues, and what we 11 call IPE at the International Relations Department of 12 the University of Brasilia. He comes originally from 13 Rio, but is Pan-Brazilian, and I welcome him. 14 DR. da COSTA: Thank you, Sherry. I was 15 very happy for the opportunity to be here because, I 16 would say, more than I would like, 30 years ago, when 17 I first came to the United States, on the other side 18 of the river in Illinois I remember getting one of the 19 first leaflets that I got in terms of international 20 relations; it came from the Stanley Foundation.
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